1
|
Bartusik-Aebisher D, Osuchowski M, Adamczyk M, Stopa J, Cieślar G, Kawczyk-Krupka A, Aebisher D. Advancements in photodynamic therapy of esophageal cancer. Front Oncol 2022; 12:1024576. [PMID: 36465381 PMCID: PMC9713848 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.1024576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The poor prognosis of patients with esophageal cancer leads to the constant search for new ways of treatment of this disease. One of the methods used in high-grade dysplasia, superficial invasive carcinoma, and sometimes palliative care is photodynamic therapy (PDT). This method has come a long way from the first experimental studies to registration in the treatment of esophageal cancer and is constantly being improved and refined. This review describes esophageal cancer, current treatment methods, the introduction to PDT, the photosensitizers (PSs) used in esophageal carcinoma PDT, PDT in squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the esophagus, and PDT in invasive adenocarcinoma of the esophagus. For this review, research and review articles from PubMed and Web of Science databases were used. The keywords used were "photodynamic therapy in esophageal cancer" in the years 2000-2020. The total number of papers returned was 1,000. After the review was divided into topic blocks and the searched publications were analyzed, 117 articles were selected.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dorota Bartusik-Aebisher
- Department of Biochemistry and General Chemistry, Medical College of The University of Rzeszów, Rzeszów, Poland
| | | | - Marta Adamczyk
- Medical Faculty, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Joanna Stopa
- Medical College of The University of Rzeszów, Rzeszów, Poland
| | - Grzegorz Cieślar
- Department of Internal Medicine, Angiology, and Physical Medicine, Center for Laser Diagnostics and Therapy, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Bytom, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Kawczyk-Krupka
- Department of Internal Medicine, Angiology, and Physical Medicine, Center for Laser Diagnostics and Therapy, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Bytom, Poland
| | - David Aebisher
- Department of Photomedicine and Physical Chemistry, Medical College of The University of Rzeszów, Rzeszów, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Qumseya BJ, David W, Wolfsen HC. Photodynamic Therapy for Barrett's Esophagus and Esophageal Carcinoma. Clin Endosc 2013; 46:30-7. [PMID: 23423151 PMCID: PMC3572348 DOI: 10.5946/ce.2013.46.1.30] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2012] [Revised: 01/14/2013] [Accepted: 01/14/2013] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
This paper reviews the use of photodynamic therapy (PDT) in patients with Barrett's esophagus and esophageal carcinoma. We describe the history of PDT, mechanics, photosensitizers for PDT in patients with esophageal disease. Finally, we discuss its utility and limitations in this setting.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bashar J Qumseya
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
3
|
Senge MO, Brandt JC. Temoporfin (Foscan®, 5,10,15,20-tetra(m-hydroxyphenyl)chlorin)--a second-generation photosensitizer. Photochem Photobiol 2011; 87:1240-96. [PMID: 21848905 DOI: 10.1111/j.1751-1097.2011.00986.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 212] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
This review traces the development and study of the second-generation photosensitizer 5,10,15,20-tetra(m-hydroxyphenyl)chlorin through to its acceptance and clinical use in modern photodynamic (cancer) therapy. The literature has been covered up to early 2011.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mathias O Senge
- Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Trinity Centre for Health Sciences, Trinity College Dublin, St. James's Hospital, Dublin 8, Ireland.
| | | |
Collapse
|
4
|
D’Hallewin MA, Hudziak H, Bezdetnaya L, Didelon J, Guillemin F. Salvage photodynamic therapy for extended carcinoma in situ of the oesophagus after subtotal oesophagectomy: 2 years follow up. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2010; 7:176-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2010.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2010] [Revised: 06/14/2010] [Accepted: 06/14/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
|
5
|
Gross SA, Wolfsen HC. The role of photodynamic therapy in the esophagus. Gastrointest Endosc Clin N Am 2010; 20:35-53, vi. [PMID: 19951793 DOI: 10.1016/j.giec.2009.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a drug and device therapy using photosensitizer drugs activated by laser light for mucosal ablation. Porfimer sodium PDT has been used extensively with proven long-term efficacy and durability for the ablation of Barrett esophagus and high-grade dysplasia. and early esophageal adenocarcinoma. However, continued use is hampered by an associated stricture risk and prolonged photosensitivity (4-6 weeks). Promising single-center European studies using other forms of PDT, such as aminolevulinic acid PDT, have not been replicated elsewhere, limiting the widespread use of other forms of PDT. Future use of PDT in esophageal disease depends on the development of improved dosimetry and patient selection to optimize treatment outcomes, while minimizing adverse events and complications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Seth A Gross
- Division of Gastroenterology, Norwalk Hospital, Norwalk, CT 06856, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
Glanzmann TM, Zellweger MP, Borle F, Conde R, Radu A, Ballini JP, Jaquet Y, Pilloud R, van den Bergh H, Monnier P, Andrejevic-Blant S, Wagnières GA. Assessment of a sheep animal model to optimise photodynamic therapy in the oesophagus. Lasers Surg Med 2009; 41:643-52. [DOI: 10.1002/lsm.20844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
|
7
|
Orthotopic animal models for oncologic photodynamic therapy and photodiagnosis. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2007; 4:230-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2007.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2007] [Revised: 09/19/2007] [Accepted: 09/26/2007] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
|
8
|
Sasnouski S, Pic E, Dumas D, Zorin V, D'Hallewin MA, Guillemin F, Bezdetnaya L. Influence of Incubation Time and Sensitizer Localization on Meta-tetra(hydroxyphenyl)chlorin (mTHPC)-Induced Photoinactivation of Cells. Radiat Res 2007; 168:209-17. [PMID: 17638401 DOI: 10.1667/0033-7587(2007)168[209:ioitas]2.0.co;2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2006] [Accepted: 02/19/2007] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
The present study addresses the impact of different aggregation states of meta-tetra(hydroxyphenyl)chlorin (mTHPC) on the photoinactivation of cells. Measurements of the photophysical properties of mTHPC in MCF-7 cells showed progressive sensitizer aggregation with increasing incubation time. Reconstructed absorption spectra of intracellular mTHPC showed a significant decrease in the molar extinction coefficient and broadening of the Soret band at 24 h incubation compared to 3 h. Intracellular photobleaching of mTHPC slowed down, and the profile changed from mono- to bi-exponential upon incubation. Fluorescence lifetime imaging (FLIM) measurements revealed a substantial decrease in the lifetime of mTHPC fluorescence at 24 h compared to 3 h. In addition, the intracellular localization of mTHPC as observed by fluorescence microscopy changed from a diffuse homogeneous fluorescence pattern at short incubation times to a punctiform pattern at 24 h. The efficiency of photodynamic therapy (PDT) assessed by a clonogenic assay was three times greater at 24 h. However, when the survival curves were replotted as a function of the number of absorbed photons, the efficiency was 1.8 times greater at 3 h than at 24 h. The loss of photosensitizing efficiency at higher mTHPC concentrations was attributed to self-quenching of the triplet states of the sensitizers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Siarhei Sasnouski
- CRAN UMR 7039 CNRS, INPL, UHP, Centre Alexis Vautrin, Vandoeuvre-Les-Nancy, France
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Borle F, Radu A, Monnier P, Bergh H, Wagnières G. Evaluation of the Photosensitizer Tookad® for Photodynamic Therapy on the Syrian Golden Hamster Cheek Pouch Model: Light Dose, Drug Dose and Drug-light Interval Effects¶. Photochem Photobiol 2007. [DOI: 10.1562/0031-8655(2003)0780377eotptf2.0.co2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
|
10
|
van Veen RLP, Nyst H, Rai Indrasari S, Adham Yudharto M, Robinson DJ, Tan IB, Meewis C, Peters R, Spaniol S, Stewart FA, Levendag PC, Sterenborg HJCM. In vivo fluence rate measurements during Foscan-mediated photodynamic therapy of persistent and recurrent nasopharyngeal carcinomas using a dedicated light applicator. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2006; 11:041107. [PMID: 16965135 DOI: 10.1117/1.2338009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate the performance of a dedicated light applicator for light delivery and fluence rate monitoring during Foscan-mediated photodynamic therapy of nasopharyngeal carcinoma in a clinical phase I/II study. We have developed a flexible silicone applicator that can be inserted through the mouth and fixed in the nasopharyngeal cavity. Three isotropic fibers, for measuring of the fluence (rate) during therapy, were located within the nasopharyngeal tumor target area and one was manually positioned to monitor structures at risk in the shielded area. A flexible black silicon patch tailored to the patient's anatomy is attached to the applicator to shield the soft palate and oral cavity from the 652-nm laser light. Fourteen patients were included in the study, resulting in 26 fluence rate measurements in the risk volume (two failures). We observed a systematic reduction in fluence rate during therapy in 20 out of 26 illuminations, which may be related to photodynamic therapy-induced increased blood content, decreased oxygenation, or reduced scattering. Our findings demonstrate that the applicator was easily inserted into the nasopharynx. The average light distribution in the target area was reasonably uniform over the length of the applicator, thus giving an acceptably homogeneous illumination throughout the cavity. Shielding of the risk area was adequate. Large interpatient variations in fluence rate stress the need for in vivo dosimetry. This enables corrections to be made for differences in optical properties and geometry resulting in comparable amounts of light available for Foscan absorption.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R L P van Veen
- Erasmus Medical Center, Center of Optical Diagnosis and Therapy, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Lovat LB, Jamieson NF, Novelli MR, Mosse CA, Selvasekar C, Mackenzie GD, Thorpe SM, Bown SG. Photodynamic therapy with m-tetrahydroxyphenyl chlorin for high-grade dysplasia and early cancer in Barrett's columnar lined esophagus. Gastrointest Endosc 2005; 62:617-23. [PMID: 16185985 DOI: 10.1016/j.gie.2005.04.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2005] [Accepted: 04/20/2005] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Many patients with high-grade dysplasia and localized adenocarcinoma in Barrett's esophagus have localized disease but are either unfit for major surgery or decline esophagectomy. Photodynamic therapy with the powerful photosensitizer m-tetrahydroxyphenyl chlorin may be a nonsurgical therapeutic option. METHODS This is a pilot study to evaluate the efficacy and complications of m-tetrahydroxyphenyl chlorin photodynamic therapy. The design is a case series of 19 consecutive patients at a tertiary referral unit with a special interest in photodynamic therapy. The study included 7 patients with high-grade dysplasia and 12 with early esophageal cancer, who had refused or were unfit for esophagectomy. Three days after photosensitization with 0.15 mg/kg m-tetrahydroxyphenyl chlorin, red or green light was delivered endoscopically when using either a bare fiber or a diffuser device. Results were assessed by endoscopic surveillance. RESULTS By using red light via the diffuser, 4/6 patients with cancer and 3/4 with high-grade dysplasia were successfully treated with photodynamic therapy alone. When using the bare-tipped fiber, there was one procedure-related death and only 1/5 patients with cancers were successfully treated. Two others were downgraded to high-grade dysplasia. With green light delivered via a diffuser, 0/3 patients with high-grade dysplasia are in long-term remission. Two serious complications arose (including one death) from taking multiple biopsy specimens too soon after therapy. Two esophageal strictures occurred. CONCLUSIONS Photodynamic therapy with m-tetrahydroxyphenyl chlorin is, potentially, a valuable therapeutic option for localized esophageal neoplasia. Red light via a diffuser device appears to be the most effective light-delivery technique. Biopsy specimens should not be taken for at least 2 months after treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laurence B Lovat
- National Medical Laser Centre, Department of Surgery, Royal Free and University College Medical School, London, United Kingdom
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Photodynamic therapy and photodiagnosis for Barrett's oesophagus and early oesophageal carcinoma. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2004; 1:319-34. [DOI: 10.1016/s1572-1000(05)00009-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2004] [Revised: 02/07/2005] [Accepted: 02/07/2005] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
|
13
|
Vogl TJ, Eichler K, Mack MG, Zangos S, Herzog C, Thalhammer A, Engelmann K. Interstitial photodynamic laser therapy in interventional oncology. Eur Radiol 2004; 14:1063-73. [PMID: 15045520 DOI: 10.1007/s00330-004-2290-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2003] [Revised: 01/29/2004] [Accepted: 02/06/2004] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a well-investigated locoregional cancer treatment in which a systemically administered photosensitizer is activated locally by illuminating the diseased tissue with light of a suitable wavelength. PDT offers various treatment strategies in oncology, especially palliative ones. This article focuses on the development and evaluation of interstitial PDT for the treatment of solid tumors, particularly liver tumors. The PDT is mostly used for superficial and endoluminal lesions like skin or bladder malignancies and also more frequently applied for the treatment of lung, esophageal, and head and neck cancer. With the help of specially designed application systems, PDT is now becoming a practicable option for solid lesions, including those in parenchymal organs such as the liver. After intravenous treatment with the photosensitizer followed by interstitial light activation, contrast-enhanced computed tomography shows the development of therapy-induced necrosis around the light-guiding device. With the use of multiple devices, ablation of liver tumors seems to be possible, and no severe side effects or toxicities related to the treatment are reported. PDT can become a clinically relevant adjunct in the locoregional therapy strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas J Vogl
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University of Frankfurt, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 63590 Frankfurt/Main, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Borle F, Radu A, Fontolliet C, van den Bergh H, Monnier P, Wagnières G. Selectivity of the photosensitiser Tookad for photodynamic therapy evaluated in the Syrian golden hamster cheek pouch tumour model. Br J Cancer 2004; 89:2320-6. [PMID: 14676813 PMCID: PMC2395293 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjc.6601428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The response to photodynamic therapy (PDT) with the photosensitiser (PS) Tookad® was measured in the Syrian hamster cheek pouch model on normal mucosae and chemically induced squamous cell carcinoma. This PS is a palladium-bacteriopheophorbide presenting absorption peaks at 538 and 762 nm. The light dose, drug dose and drug injection-light irradiation times (DLI), ranging between 100 and 300 J cm−2, 1–5 mg kg−1 and 10–240 min respectively, were varied and the response to PDT was analysed by staging the macroscopic response and by the histological examination of the sections of the irradiated cheek pouch. A fast time decay of the tissular response with drug dose of 1–5 mg kg−1 was observed for DLI ranging from 10 to 240 min and for light doses of 100–300 J cm−2 delivered at a light dose rate of 150 mW cm−2. A significantly higher level of tissular response was observed for squamous cell carcinoma compared to normal tissue. Nevertheless, the threshold level of the drug–light dose for a detectable response was not significantly different in the tumoral vs normal tissue. The highest response at the shortest DLIs and the absence of measurable response at DLI larger than 240 min at light dose of 300 J cm−2 and drug dose of 5 mg kg−1 reveals the predominantly vascular effect of Tookad®. This observation suggests that Tookad® could be effective in PDT of vascularised lesions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- F Borle
- Institute of Environmental Engineering, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - A Radu
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, CHUV Hospital, CH-1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - C Fontolliet
- Institute of Pathology, University of Lausanne, CH-1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - H van den Bergh
- Institute of Environmental Engineering, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - P Monnier
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, CHUV Hospital, CH-1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - G Wagnières
- Institute of Environmental Engineering, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
- Institute of Environmental Engineering, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland. E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Borle F, Radu A, Monnier P, van den Bergh H, Wagnières G. Evaluation of the photosensitizer Tookad for photodynamic therapy on the Syrian golden hamster cheek pouch model: light dose, drug dose and drug-light interval effects. Photochem Photobiol 2004; 78:377-83. [PMID: 14626666 DOI: 10.1562/0031-8655(2003)078<0377:eotptf>2.0.co;2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
We have evaluated the efficacy of the new photosensitizer (PS) Tookad in photodynamic therapy (PDT) in vivo. This PS is a palladium-bacteriopheophorbide presenting absorption peaks at 762 and 538 nm. The light dose, drug dose and drug injection-light irradiation interval (DLI), ranging between 100 and 300 J/cm2, 1 and 5 mg/kg and from 10 to 240 min, respectively, were varied, and the response to PDT was analyzed by staging the macroscopic response and by the histological examination of the sections of the irradiated cheek pouch. The level of PDT response, macroscopically and histologically, shows a strong dependence on the DLI, light dose and drug dose at the applied conditions in the normal hamster cheek pouch. A decay of the tissular response with increasing DLI is observed corresponding to a time of half-maximum response ranging from 10 to 120 min, depending on drug dose and light dose. The tissues affected at the lowest doses are predominantly the vascularized diffuse connective tissue situated between the inner and outer striated muscle (SM) layers as well as these muscle layers themselves. The highest response at the shortest DLI and the absence of a measurable response at DLI longer than 240 min at 300 J/cm2 and drug dose of 5 mg/kg are characteristics of a predominantly vascular effect of this PS. This observation suggests that Tookad could be effective in PDT of vascularized lesions or pathologies associated with the proliferation of neovessels.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- François Borle
- Institute of Environmental Engineering, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Cramers P, Ruevekamp M, Oppelaar H, Dalesio O, Baas P, Stewart FA. Foscan uptake and tissue distribution in relation to photodynamic efficacy. Br J Cancer 2003; 88:283-90. [PMID: 12610515 PMCID: PMC2377038 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjc.6600682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Clinical photodynamic therapy (PDT) schedules are based on the assumption that optimum drug-light intervals are times at which there is a maximum differential between photosensitiser retention in the tumour and surrounding normal tissue. However, vascular-mediated effects contribute to tumour destruction by PDT; therefore, plasma sensitiser levels and endothelial cell drug exposure could also be important determinants of PDT response. The purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of tumour, tissue and plasma concentrations of the photosensitiser Foscan (meta-tetrahydroxyphenylchlorin, mTHPC) on PDT response. Groups of BalbC nude mice, bearing human mesothelioma xenografts (H-MESO1) were injected (i.v.) with a single dose of (14)C-labelled mTHPC, or with two doses, separated by 72 h. Drug levels in plasma, tumour and normal tissues were measured at 5 min to 120 h after drug administration. The PDT tumour and skin responses were evaluated by illuminating separate groups mice at intervals of 5 min to 120 h after injection of Foscan (nonlabelled). Drug levels in both tumour and skin increased during the first 24 h after a single injection, and remained almost constant for at least 120 h. The second injection produced a further, rapid increase in mTHPC levels in tumours and skin, with steady state being maintained from 20 min to 120 h. By contrast, PDT response of both tumours and skin were maximal for illumination at 1-3 h after drug, with very little response when illumination was given 48-120 h after drug. There was no significant correlation between tumour or skin drug level and PDT response. There was, however, a significant correlation between plasma drug levels and tumour or skin response, excluding an initial distribution time of 20 min. These studies demonstrate a pronounced disassociation between tumour drug levels and optimum drug-light intervals for PDT response with Foscan. We suggest that the PDT effect, in both tumours and normal tissues, is largely mediated via vascular damage and that the selectivity of PDT is not based on differential tumour drug uptake.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- P Cramers
- Experimental Therapy (H6), The Netherlands Cancer Institute/Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Ziekenhuis, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - M Ruevekamp
- Experimental Therapy (H6), The Netherlands Cancer Institute/Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Ziekenhuis, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - H Oppelaar
- Experimental Therapy (H6), The Netherlands Cancer Institute/Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Ziekenhuis, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - O Dalesio
- Biometrics and Statistics, The Netherlands Cancer Institute/Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Ziekenhuis, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - P Baas
- Medical Oncology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute/Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Ziekenhuis, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - F A Stewart
- Experimental Therapy (H6), The Netherlands Cancer Institute/Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Ziekenhuis, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Experimental Therapy (H6), The Netherlands Cancer Institute/Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Ziekenhuis, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands. E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Affiliation(s)
- Ryan P Smith
- Radiation Oncology, The Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, USA
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Král V, Davis J, Andrievsky A, Kralová J, Synytsya A, Poucková P, Sessler JL. Synthesis and biolocalization of water-soluble sapphyrins. J Med Chem 2002; 45:1073-8. [PMID: 11855987 DOI: 10.1021/jm0104320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis, characterization, and biolocalization properties of new, fully water-soluble sapphyrins is reported. These systems, which display light absorbing features that make them of potential interest as photodynamic therapy (PDT) sensitizers, were found to localize selectively in pancreatic carcinoma tissue in a xenographic murine model. In this model, the concentration ratios for malignant tissue to surrounding muscle tissue were found to be as high as 280 in the most favorable case. The concentrations of the water-soluble sapphyrins reported here, as well as a porphyrin control system, were determined as a function of time and tissue type.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir Král
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Technology, Technická 5, 166 28 Prague, Czech Republic
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|