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Lynch J, Wang Y, Li Y, Kavdia K, Fukuda Y, Ranjit S, Robinson CG, Grace CR, Xia Y, Peng J, Schuetz JD. A PPIX-binding probe facilitates discovery of PPIX-induced cell death modulation by peroxiredoxin. Commun Biol 2023; 6:673. [PMID: 37355765 PMCID: PMC10290680 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-023-05024-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/26/2023] Open
Abstract
While heme synthesis requires the formation of a potentially lethal intermediate, protoporphyrin IX (PPIX), surprisingly little is known about the mechanism of its toxicity, aside from its phototoxicity. The cellular protein interactions of PPIX might provide insight into modulators of PPIX-induced cell death. Here we report the development of PPB, a biotin-conjugated, PPIX-probe that captures proteins capable of interacting with PPIX. Quantitative proteomics in a diverse panel of mammalian cell lines reveal a high degree of concordance for PPB-interacting proteins identified for each cell line. Most differences are quantitative, despite marked differences in PPIX formation and sensitivity. Pathway and quantitative difference analysis indicate that iron and heme metabolism proteins are prominent among PPB-bound proteins in fibroblasts, which undergo PPIX-mediated death determined to occur through ferroptosis. PPB proteomic data (available at PRIDE ProteomeXchange # PXD042631) reveal that redox proteins from PRDX family of glutathione peroxidases interact with PPIX. Targeted gene knockdown of the mitochondrial PRDX3, but not PRDX1 or 2, enhance PPIX-induced death in fibroblasts, an effect blocked by the radical-trapping antioxidant, ferrostatin-1. Increased PPIX formation and death was also observed in a T-lymphoblastoid ferrochelatase-deficient leukemia cell line, suggesting that PPIX elevation might serve as a potential strategy for killing certain leukemias.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Lynch
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place, Memphis, TN, 38105, USA
| | - Yao Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place, Memphis, TN, 38105, USA
| | - Yuxin Li
- Department of Structural Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place, Memphis, TN, 38105, USA
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place, Memphis, TN, 38105, USA
| | - Kanisha Kavdia
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place, Memphis, TN, 38105, USA
| | - Yu Fukuda
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place, Memphis, TN, 38105, USA
| | - Sabina Ranjit
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place, Memphis, TN, 38105, USA
| | - Camenzind G Robinson
- Cellular Imaging Shared Resource, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place, Memphis, TN, 38105, USA
| | - Christy R Grace
- Department of Structural Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place, Memphis, TN, 38105, USA
| | - Youlin Xia
- Department of Structural Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place, Memphis, TN, 38105, USA
| | - Junmin Peng
- Department of Structural Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place, Memphis, TN, 38105, USA
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place, Memphis, TN, 38105, USA
| | - John D Schuetz
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place, Memphis, TN, 38105, USA.
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Varma A, Storey KB. Hepatic citrate synthase suppression in the freeze-tolerant wood frog (Rana sylvatica). Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 242:124718. [PMID: 37148930 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.124718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Revised: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/30/2023] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
The wood frog, Rana sylvatica endures whole body freezing for weeks/months while overwintering at subzero temperatures. Survival of long-term freezing requires not only cryoprotectants but also strong metabolic rate depression (MRD) and reorganization of essential processes in order to maintain a balance between ATP-producing and ATP-consuming processes. Citrate synthase (CS) (E.C. 2.3.3.1) is an important irreversible enzyme of the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle and forms a crucial checkpoint for many metabolic processes. Present study investigated the regulation of CS from wood frog liver during freezing. CS was purified to homogeneity by a two-step chromatographic process. Kinetic and regulatory parameters of the enzyme were investigated and, notably, demonstrated a significant decrease in the Vmax of the purified form of CS from frozen frogs as compared to controls when assayed at both 22 °C and 5 °C. This was further supported by a decrease in the maximum activity of CS from liver of frozen frogs. Immunoblotting also showed changes in posttranslational modifications with a significant decrease in threonine phosphorylation (by 49 %) for CS from frozen frogs. Taken together, these results suggest that CS is suppressed and TCA flux is inhibited during freezing, likely to support MRD survival of harsh winters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anchal Varma
- Institute of Biochemistry & Department of Biology, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel by Drive, Ottawa, Ontario K1S 5B6, Canada
| | - Kenneth B Storey
- Institute of Biochemistry & Department of Biology, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel by Drive, Ottawa, Ontario K1S 5B6, Canada.
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Skeletal muscle of torpid Richardson's ground squirrels (Urocitellus richardsonii) exhibits a less active form of citrate synthase associated with lowered lysine succinylation. Cryobiology 2021; 101:28-37. [PMID: 34186087 DOI: 10.1016/j.cryobiol.2021.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Revised: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Hibernation is a metabolic/physiological strategy employed by many mammals to cope with periods when energy usage is greater than its input. Animals undergoing hibernation need to greatly reduce their metabolic rate and reshape their catabolic processes to survive on stored triglycerides. Citrate synthase (CS) is one of only two irreversible steps in the citric acid cycle (CAC) and forms an important regulatory checkpoint that gates the entry of acetyl-CoA formed in glycolysis or fatty acid catabolism into this critical central metabolic hub. This study investigated the regulation of citrate synthase in the muscle tissue of a small mammalian hibernator through comparison of functional and structural properties. The results demonstrated a significant decrease in the Vmax of purified torpid CS compared to the control euthermic enzyme (1.2-1.7 fold greater in the control) that was evident over a wide range of temperatures (8, 22 and 37 °C) that are encountered by the enzyme in hibernation. This was also reflected in the specific activity of the enzyme in crude muscle protein extracts. Analyzing the purified CS through immunoblotting demonstrated that the enzyme contained noticeably less lysine succinylation in the torpid state (about 50% of euthermic levels) and this was correlated with an increase in total levels of SIRT5, the enzyme responsible for mediating desuccinylation in the mitochondria (2.2 fold increase). Taken together, the results of this study support the idea that CS is inhibited during hibernation in the ground squirrel skeletal muscle and that this alteration could be mediated by decreases in succinylation.
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Abstract
Hibernation is characterized by prolonged periods of inactivity with concomitantly low nutrient intake, conditions that would typically result in muscle atrophy combined with a loss of oxidative fibers. Yet, hibernators consistently emerge from winter with very little atrophy, frequently accompanied by a slight shift in fiber ratios to more oxidative fiber types. Preservation of muscle morphology is combined with down-regulation of glycolytic pathways and increased reliance on lipid metabolism instead. Furthermore, while rates of protein synthesis are reduced during hibernation, balance is maintained by correspondingly low rates of protein degradation. Proposed mechanisms include a number of signaling pathways and transcription factors that lead to increased oxidative fiber expression, enhanced protein synthesis and reduced protein degradation, ultimately resulting in minimal loss of skeletal muscle protein and oxidative capacity. The functional significance of these outcomes is maintenance of skeletal muscle strength and fatigue resistance, which enables hibernating animals to resume active behaviors such as predator avoidance, foraging and mating immediately following terminal arousal in the spring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clark J Cotton
- Department of Biology, College of St Benedict/St John's University, Collegeville, MN 56321, USA
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Jiang S, Guo S, Xue W, Wang H, Goswami N, Gao Y. Seasonal oxidative capacity of skeletal muscles in hibernating Daurian ground squirrels (Spermophilus dauricus). CAN J ZOOL 2015. [DOI: 10.1139/cjz-2015-0027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
We investigated the mechanism of high oxidative capacity of skeletal muscles in hibernating Daurian ground squirrels (Spermophilus dauricus Brandt, 1843). Myoglobin (Mb) levels, as well as citrate synthase and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activities, were measured by spectrophotometry. Mb content in the soleus (SOL) muscle lasted from the beginning of hibernation to spring. Mb content in SOL was 87% higher in the hibernating group than in the summer group. Mb content in the extensor digitorum longus (EDL) muscle stayed at similar levels during the different periods of the year. Citrate synthase activity in SOL was 30% higher in the hibernating group than in the summer group. Meanwhile, citrate synthase activity in EDL did not change during hibernation. LDH activity in SOL was not different between the hibernating group and the summer active group, whereas LDH activity in EDL increased significantly (up to 11%) in the 2 days arousal after hibernation group compared with the hibernating group. We conclude that high oxidative capacity is provided by increased oxygen storage capacity of slow-twitch muscle fibers rather than from fast-twitch muscle fibers in hibernating animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanfeng Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China (Northwest University), Ministry of Education, Xi’an, 71069, Peoople’s Republic of China
| | - Shupan Guo
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China (Northwest University), Ministry of Education, Xi’an, 71069, Peoople’s Republic of China
| | - Wei Xue
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China (Northwest University), Ministry of Education, Xi’an, 71069, Peoople’s Republic of China
| | - Huiping Wang
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China (Northwest University), Ministry of Education, Xi’an, 71069, Peoople’s Republic of China
| | - Nandu Goswami
- Institute of Physiology, Center of Physiological Medicine, Medical University Graz, Austria
| | - Yunfang Gao
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China (Northwest University), Ministry of Education, Xi’an, 71069, Peoople’s Republic of China
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Seasonal upregulation of catabolic enzymes and fatty acid transporters in the flight muscle of migrating hoary bats, Lasiurus cinereus. Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 2013; 165:138-43. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpb.2013.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2012] [Revised: 03/22/2013] [Accepted: 03/23/2013] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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Choi I, Lee YS, Oh YK, Jung N, Gwag BJ, Shin H. Thermogenesis and motor recruitment of the pectoral muscle during shivering in arousing batsmurina leucogaster. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1080/12265071.2001.9647579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Wolun-Cholewa M, Butowska W, Fischer N, Warcho W, Nowak-Markwitz E. 5-Aminolevulinic Acid–Mediated Photodynamic Therapy of Human Endometriotic Primary Epithelial Cells. Photomed Laser Surg 2009; 27:295-301. [DOI: 10.1089/pho.2008.2299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- M. Wolun-Cholewa
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - W. Butowska
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - N. Fischer
- Promienista Clinic, University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - W. Warcho
- Department of Biophysics, University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - E. Nowak-Markwitz
- Clinic of Gynecological Oncology, and Department of Perinatology and Gynecology, University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
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Cho S, Kim D, Eom K, Bae K. Identification of a PAS domain‐containing protein in a mammalian hibernator,Murina leucogaster. Anim Cells Syst (Seoul) 2009. [DOI: 10.1080/19768354.2009.9647202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
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Mitochondrial metabolism in hibernation and daily torpor: a review. J Comp Physiol B 2008; 178:811-27. [PMID: 18551297 DOI: 10.1007/s00360-008-0282-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2007] [Revised: 05/15/2008] [Accepted: 05/26/2008] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Hibernation and daily torpor involve substantial decreases in body temperature and metabolic rate, allowing birds and mammals to cope with cold environments and/or limited food. Regulated suppression of mitochondrial metabolism probably contributes to energy savings: state 3 (phosphorylating) respiration is lower in liver mitochondria isolated from mammals in hibernation or daily torpor compared to normothermic controls, although data on state 4 (non-phosphorylating) respiration are equivocal. However, no suppression is seen in skeletal muscle, and there is little reliable data from other tissues. In both daily torpor and hibernation, liver state 3 substrate oxidation is suppressed, especially upstream of electron transport chain complex IV. In hibernation respiratory suppression is reversed quickly in arousal even when body temperature is very low, implying acute regulatory mechanisms, such as oxaloacetate inhibition of succinate dehydrogenase. Respiratory suppression depends on in vitro assay temperature (no suppression is evident below approximately 30 degrees C) and (at least in hibernation) dietary polyunsaturated fats, suggesting effects on inner mitochondrial membrane phospholipids. Proton leakiness of the inner mitochondrial membrane does not change in hibernation, but this also depends on dietary polyunsaturates. In contrast proton leak increases in daily torpor, perhaps limiting reactive oxygen species production.
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Hershey J, Robbins C, Nelson O, Lin D. Minimal Seasonal Alterations in the Skeletal Muscle of Captive Brown Bears. Physiol Biochem Zool 2008; 81:138-47. [DOI: 10.1086/524391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Wołuń-Cholewa M, Butowska W, Warchoł W. Accumulation of protoporphyrin-IX in rat Leydig cells following induction by 5-aminolevulinic acid and tramadol. Photomed Laser Surg 2008; 25:526-9. [PMID: 18158756 DOI: 10.1089/pho.2007.2113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aimed to monitor the accumulation of endogenous protoporphyrin-IX (PpIX) in rat Leydig cells (R(2)C) under the effect of 5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA) and various concentrations of tramadol, an analgesic drug. BACKGROUND DATA Pain during photodynamic treatment with ALA is one of the adverse effects of this new treatment to eradicate tumor cells. ALA is utilized in photodynamic diagnosis and therapy (PDT) as a compound capable of augmenting the intracellular pool of PpIX, which exhibits properties of a photosensitizer. METHODS Cellular content of PpIX was determined following incubation of the cells for 1 and 2 h in culture medium that contained ALA and different concentrations of tramadol. The amount of PpIX was determined using fluorescent technique under a confocal microscope (laser wavelength 458 nm and filter LP 585 nm), and evaluated using CytFlu 1.2 software. RESULTS After 1 h of incubation, no significant alterations were noted in the cellular PpIX concentration. However, 2 h of incubation resulted in a significant increase (p < 0.05) in PpIX fluorescence inside the cells, when the medium contained ALA and tramadol in concentrations ranging from 1-2 mg/1 mL. CONCLUSIONS The results suggested that in R(2)C cells, exogenous ALA and tramadol induced protoporphyrin accumulation. This information is useful for two reasons. First, it may help to diminish pain after ALA-PDT treatment; and second, it allows the use of lower concentrations of ALA during therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Wołuń-Cholewa
- Department of Biology and Cell Biology, University of Medical Sciences, Poznań, Poland. doskon2amp.edu.pl
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Lee K, Park JY, Yoo W, Gwag T, Lee JW, Byun MW, Choi I. Overcoming muscle atrophy in a hibernating mammal despite prolonged disuse in dormancy: Proteomic and molecular assessment. J Cell Biochem 2008; 104:642-56. [DOI: 10.1002/jcb.21653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Liu Q, Wang X, Wang P, Xiao L, Hao Q. Comparison between sonodynamic effect with protoporphyrin IX and hematoporphyrin on sarcoma 180. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 2007; 60:671-80. [PMID: 17219011 DOI: 10.1007/s00280-006-0413-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2006] [Accepted: 12/21/2006] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The comparison between sonodynamic antitumor effect with protoporphyrin IX (PPIX) and hematoporphyrin (Hp) at a concentration of 5 mg/kg on Sarcoma 180 (S180) cells was studied in vivo, and the potential cell damage mechanism was also investigated. METHODS The sonodynamically induced anti-tumor effect of PPIX was studied in mice bearing S180 solid tumors. In order to determine the optimum timing of ultrasound exposure after administration of PPIX, the PPIX concentrations in plasma, skin, muscle and tumor were determined by the fluorescence intensity of tissue extractions with a fluorescence spectrophotometer based on the standard curve. Anti-tumor effects were estimated by measuring the tumor size and the tumor weight. Additionally, the morphological changes of S180 cells were evaluated by transmission electron microscope (TEM) observation immediately after sonodynamic therapy (SDT) treatment. RESULTS A time of 24 h after the intravenous administration of PPIX was chosen as the best time for ultrasound exposure. The antitumor effect induced by PPIX mediated sonodynamic therapy (PPIX-SDT) was in a dose dependent manner when ultrasound intensity was at or above the inertial cavitation threshold (5 W/cm(2)). A significant tumor growth delay was observed both in PPIX mediated sonodynamic therapy and in Hp mediated sonodynamic therapy treatments (Hp-SDT), and the tumor weight inhibition ratios after the synergistic treatments were 42.82 +/- 0.03 and 35.22 +/- 0.03%, respectively, this difference was significant at P < 0.05. While ultrasound alone (5 W/cm(2)) showed a slight tumor growth inhibitory effect compared with the control group, and PPIX or Hp alone showed almost no significant effect. Furthermore, TEM observation indicated cell damage was more serious in PPIX-SDT treatment group than in Hp-SDT treatment group. After sonication, the cell ultra-structure such as cell membrane destruction, mitochondria swelling, chromatin condensation might be important factors that inhibited the tumor growth and even induced cell death. CONCLUSIONS The comparative results suggested that PPIX as a sonosensitizer might have more potential cytotoxicity than Hp when irradiated with ultrasound, and the ultra-structural changes may account for cell destruction induced by sonodynamic therapy in our experiment mode.
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Affiliation(s)
- QuanHong Liu
- College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710062, China.
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Pluskalová M, Peslová G, Grebenová D, Halada P, Hrkal Z. Photodynamic treatment (ALA-PDT) suppresses the expression of the oncogenic Bcr-Abl kinase and affects the cytoskeleton organization in K562 cells. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2006; 83:205-12. [PMID: 16495075 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2006.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2005] [Revised: 12/20/2005] [Accepted: 01/03/2006] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
K562 is the chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML)-derived cell line that expresses high levels of chimeric oncoprotein Bcr-Abl. The deregulated (permanent) kinase activity of Bcr-Abl leads to continuous proliferation of K562 cells and their resistance to the apoptosis promotion by conventional drugs. The photodynamic treatment (PDT) based on the application of 5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA) and irradiation with blue light (ALA-PDT) resulted in the suppression of K562 cells proliferation. It was followed by a necrosis-like cell death [K. Kuzelová, D. Grebenová, M. Pluskalová, I. Marinov, Z. Hrkal, J. Photochem. Photobiol. B 73 (2004) 67-78]. ALA-PDT led to the perturbation of the Hsp90/p23 multichaperone complex of which the Bcr-Abl is the client protein. Bcr-Abl protein was suppressed whereas the bcr-abl mRNA level was not affected. Further on, we observed several changes in the cytoskeleton organization. We detected ALA-PDT-mediated disruption of filamental actin structure using FITC-Phalloidin staining. In connection with this we uncovered certain cytoskeleton organizing proteins involved in the cell response to the treatment. Among these proteins, Septin2, which plays a role in maintaining actin bundles, was suppressed. Another one, PDZ-LIM domain protein 1 (CLP36) was altered. This protein acts as an adaptor molecule for LIM-kinase which phosphorylates and thus inactivates cofilin. Cofilin was indeed dephosphorylated and could thus be activated and operate as an actin-depolymerizing factor. We propose the scheme of molecular response of K562 cells to ALA-PDT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michaela Pluskalová
- Department of Cellular Biochemistry, Institute of Hematology and Blood Transfusion, U Nemocnice 1, 12880 Prague 2, Czech Republic.
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