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Luo H, He J, Xu X, Chen H, Shi J. The impact of the route of administration on the efficacy and safety of the drug therapy for patent ductus arteriosus in premature infants: a systematic review and meta-analysis. PeerJ 2024; 12:e16591. [PMID: 38304184 PMCID: PMC10832619 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.16591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Background This systematic review and meta-analysis aims to explore the potential impact of the route of administration on the efficacy of therapies and occurrence of adverse events when administering medications to premature infants with patent ductus arteriosus (PDA). Method The protocol for this review has been registered with PROSPERO (CRD 42022324598). We searched relevant studies in PubMed, Embase, Cochrane, and the Web of Science databases from March 26, 1996, to January 31, 2022. Results A total of six randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and five observational studies were included for analysis, involving 630 premature neonates in total. Among these infants, 480 were in the ibuprofen group (oral vs. intravenous routes), 78 in the paracetamol group (oral vs. intravenous routes), and 72 in the ibuprofen group (rectal vs. oral routes). Our meta-analysis revealed a significant difference in the rate of PDA closure between the the initial course of oral ibuprofen and intravenous ibuprofen groups (relative risk (RR) = 1.27, 95% confidence interval (CI) [1.13-1.44]; P < 0.0001, I2 = 0%). In contrast, the meta-analysis of paracetamol administration via oral versus intravenous routes showed no significant difference in PDA closure rates (RR = 0.86, 95% CI [0.38-1.91]; P = 0.71, I2 = 76%). However, there was no statistically significant difference in the risk of adverse events or the need for surgical intervention among various drug administration methods after the complete course of drug therapy. Conclusion This meta-analysis evaluated the safety and effectiveness of different medication routes for treating PDA in premature infants. Our analysis results revealed that compared with intravenous administration, oral ibuprofen may offer certain advantages in closing PDA without increasing the risk of adverse events. Conversely, the use of paracetamol demonstrated no significant difference in PDA closure and the risk of adverse events between oral and intravenous administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanwen Luo
- Department of Pediatrics, West China Second University Hospital/ Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Jianghua He
- Department of Pediatrics, West China Second University Hospital/ Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiaoming Xu
- Department of Pediatrics, West China Second University Hospital/ Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Hongju Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, West China Second University Hospital/ Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Jing Shi
- Department of Pediatrics, West China Second University Hospital/ Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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Sombié CB, Guetambaba JEK, Diawara HZ, Yaméogo J, Ouédraogo S, Goole J, Semdé R. Hospital preparations of ethanol-free furosemide oral solutions: Formulation and stability study. J Adv Pharm Technol Res 2022; 13:128-132. [PMID: 35464657 PMCID: PMC9022368 DOI: 10.4103/japtr.japtr_325_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Furosemide is a diuretic frequently used in the therapeutic management of edema associated with cardiac, renal, and hepatic failure and hypertension. However, there are a very low number of pharmaceutical dosage forms containing furosemide that are suitable for children under 6- years old. Therefore, there is a real need to develop hospital preparations, especially in the hospital. Four oral pediatric solutions of furosemide (2 mg/Ml) were formulated. Two of those solutions did not contain ethanol. For each formulation, 12 batches of 1600.0 Ml were prepared and packaged in 250.0 Ml brown glass bottles with polypropylene screw caps. The physicochemical properties (visual appearance, pH, osmolarity, drug content) and microbiological quality of the finished product were determined on the freshly prepared solutions and after 90 days of storage at 30°C/65% RH. The physicochemical and microbiological characteristics of the freshly prepared solutions were within the prescribed specifications. After 90 days of storage at 30°C/65% RH, the solutions containing sucrose and those without ethanol showed a slight decrease in pH and furosemide content of about 2.5%–4.5% (w/w). Despite this slight decrease, the characteristics remained within the prescribed specifications. Based on the stability profile of the ethanol-free solution containing sorbitol, it could be implemented in hospitals for the care of pediatric patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles Bavouma Sombié
- Laboratory of Drug Development, Doctoral School of Sciences and Health, University Joseph KI-ZERBO, 03 BP 7021 Ouagadougou 03, Burkina Faso.,Centre hospitalier Universitaire Pédiatrique Charles de Gaulle, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
| | - J E Kéré Guetambaba
- Laboratory of Drug Development, Doctoral School of Sciences and Health, University Joseph KI-ZERBO, 03 BP 7021 Ouagadougou 03, Burkina Faso
| | - Hermine Zimé Diawara
- Laboratory of Drug Development, Doctoral School of Sciences and Health, University Joseph KI-ZERBO, 03 BP 7021 Ouagadougou 03, Burkina Faso
| | - Josias Yaméogo
- Laboratory of Drug Development, Doctoral School of Sciences and Health, University Joseph KI-ZERBO, 03 BP 7021 Ouagadougou 03, Burkina Faso
| | - Salfo Ouédraogo
- Laboratory of Drug Development, Doctoral School of Sciences and Health, University Joseph KI-ZERBO, 03 BP 7021 Ouagadougou 03, Burkina Faso
| | - Jonathan Goole
- Unit of pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Boulevard du Triomphe, Bruxelles, Belgique
| | - Rasmané Semdé
- Laboratory of Drug Development, Doctoral School of Sciences and Health, University Joseph KI-ZERBO, 03 BP 7021 Ouagadougou 03, Burkina Faso
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Formulation Optimization of Extemporaneous Oral Liquids Containing Naloxone and Propranolol for Pediatric Use. Sci Pharm 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/scipharm90010015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
There is a need to develop dosage forms suitable for children to improve drug treatment. Extemporaneous compounding of drugs for children is one way to meet these needs. However, excipients generally considered as safe in adults may not be appropriate in dosage forms intended for children. The aim was to optimize the composition of two pediatric liquid preparations by substituting paraben as a microbiological preservative and ethanol as a solubilizer, with excipients more suitable for pediatric use. The oral liquids were Naloxone 1 mg/mL and Propranolol 10 mg/mL. Twelve different formulations were tested with propranolol and naloxone, respectively, during the screening process to select appropriate formulations. Sodium benzoate and glycerol were used as a preservative and solubilizer, respectively, and different pH of the formulations were evaluated. The formulations were characterized according to dispensed dose (dosing accuracy), viscosity and osmolality. The optimized formulations from the screening process were tested with two amounts of sodium benzoate and microbiological assays were performed. These formulations were shown to have satisfactory preservative properties and dosing accuracy. The results showed that the oral liquids could be prepared without the addition of solubilizer and with lower osmolality (naloxone), thus reducing the risk of gastrointestinal side effects.
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Abd Aziz ZH, Katas H, Omar MS, Mohamed Shah N, Yusop SM. Formulation and Cost-Effectiveness of Fluid Gels as an Age-Appropriate Dosage Form for Older Adults with Dysphagia. Dysphagia 2021; 37:1022-1034. [PMID: 34518932 DOI: 10.1007/s00455-021-10365-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Dysphagia is associated with increased dependency and treatment costs, whereby patients resort to extemporaneous compounding that may further increase the number of adverse events and medical errors. In the management of dysphagia, increasing the bolus viscosity of medication such as fluid gels can be practiced. This study aimed to prepare and characterize the fluid gels as well as to estimate the cost of using fluid gels and compare it to the conventional practice of extemporaneous preparation of thickened liquid. Fluid gels were formulated using gellan gum and determined for physicochemical characteristics and in vitro drug release profile. The cost-based price of the fluid gel was estimated and compared to the cost of administering standard medication as well as administering thickened liquid using thickening powder. Fluid gels exhibited good physicochemical properties with the viscosity within nectar and honey consistency. A similar dissolution profile to the reference was observed for the 0.5% w/v gellan gum fluid gel and exhibiting the Higuchi release model. The price for 100 mL unit of 50 mg/mL paracetamol/acetaminophen and 20 mg/mL ibuprofen fluid gel was estimated to be about USD2.30 and USD2.37, respectively. A dose of 1000 mg paracetamol and 400 mg ibuprofen fluid gel was estimated to be about USD0.46 and USD0.47, respectively, which is lower than the cost of administering the same dose using extemporaneous thickened liquid. Fluid gels could be a cost-effective formulation for delivering medication in patients with dysphagia and can be developed on a profitable scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zul Hadif Abd Aziz
- Centre for Drug Delivery Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur Campus, Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, 50300, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Haliza Katas
- Centre for Drug Delivery Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur Campus, Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, 50300, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| | - Marhanis Salihah Omar
- Centre for Quality Management of Medicines, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Noraida Mohamed Shah
- Centre for Quality Management of Medicines, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Salma Mohamad Yusop
- Department of Food Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
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Shah DD, Kuzmov A, Clausen D, Siu A, Robinson CA, Kimler K, Meyers R, Shah P. Osmolality of Commonly Used Oral Medications in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit. J Pediatr Pharmacol Ther 2021; 26:172-178. [PMID: 33603581 DOI: 10.5863/1551-6776-26.2.172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2020] [Accepted: 06/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The administration of hyperosmolar oral products in neonates has been associated with gastrointestinal complications. The American Academy of Pediatrics recommends a maximum osmolality of 450 mOsm/kg for formulas and enteral nutrition for term infants, and recent studies reported intolerance to enteral nutrition with osmolality above 500 mOsm/kg in low birthweight infants. The osmolality of medications administered to neonates is often not available in the literature or from manufacturers. The purpose of this study was to determine the osmolality of oral medications commonly administered to neonates in the NICU. METHODS Fifty-two oral medications were chosen for this study, including solutions, suspensions, syrups, elixirs, and intravenous solutions administered orally. The osmolality of each medication was measured in triplicate by using freezing point depression. RESULTS Thirty-seven of the 43 medications with measurable values (86.1%) had an osmolality greater than 500 mOsm/kg, and 6 medications (14%) had an osmolality less than 500 mOsm/kg. Nine medications did not result in a value. CONCLUSIONS Our study provides osmolality data on oral medications commonly used in neonates with most oral medications having an osmolality greater than 500 mOsm/kg.
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Paracetamol for Patent Ductus Arteriosus Closure: High Osmolality of Enteral Form and Spontaneous Intestinal Perforation. Indian J Pediatr 2020; 87:767. [PMID: 32671640 DOI: 10.1007/s12098-020-03445-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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O'Brien F, Clapham D, Krysiak K, Batchelor H, Field P, Caivano G, Pertile M, Nunn A, Tuleu C. Making Medicines Baby Size: The Challenges in Bridging the Formulation Gap in Neonatal Medicine. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E2688. [PMID: 31159216 PMCID: PMC6600135 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20112688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2019] [Revised: 05/17/2019] [Accepted: 05/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of age-appropriate formulations should focus on dosage forms that can deliver variable yet accurate doses that are safe and acceptable to the child, are matched to his/her development and ability, and avoid medication errors. However, in the past decade, the medication needs of neonates have largely been neglected. The aim of this review is to expand on what differentiates the needs of preterm and term neonates from those of the older paediatric subsets, in terms of environment of care, ability to measure and administer the dose (from the perspective of the patient and carer, the routes of administration, the device and the product), neonatal biopharmaceutics and regulatory challenges. This review offers insight into those challenges posed by the formulation of medicinal products for neonatal patients in order to support the development of clinically relevant products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fiona O'Brien
- School of Pharmacy, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, 111 St Stephens Green Dublin 2, Ireland.
| | | | - Kamelia Krysiak
- School of Pharmacy, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, 111 St Stephens Green Dublin 2, Ireland.
| | - Hannah Batchelor
- College of Medical and Dental Sciences, Institute of Clinical Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK.
| | - Peter Field
- University College London School of Pharmacy, 29-39 Brunswick Square, London WC1N 1AX, UK.
| | - Grazia Caivano
- Chiesi Farmaceutici S.p.A. Largo Francesco Belloli 11/A-43122 Parma, Italy.
| | - Marisa Pertile
- Chiesi Farmaceutici S.p.A. Largo Francesco Belloli 11/A-43122 Parma, Italy.
| | - Anthony Nunn
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, University of Liverpool, Liverpool Women's Hospital, Liverpool L8 7SS, UK.
| | - Catherine Tuleu
- University College London School of Pharmacy, 29-39 Brunswick Square, London WC1N 1AX, UK.
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Potier A, Voyat J, Nicolas A. Stability study of a clonidine oral solution in a novel vehicle designed for pediatric patients. Pharm Dev Technol 2017; 23:1067-1076. [DOI: 10.1080/10837450.2017.1389955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Arnaud Potier
- Analytical Control Laboratory, Nancy Regional University Hospital, Vandoeuvre, France
| | - Julien Voyat
- Analytical Control Laboratory, Nancy Regional University Hospital, Vandoeuvre, France
| | - Alain Nicolas
- Analytical Control Laboratory, Nancy Regional University Hospital, Vandoeuvre, France
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Zerbit J, Bordenave J, Benoit G. Physicochemical and microbiological stability studies of a melatonin oral suspension in a commercially available vehicle for paediatric use. Eur J Hosp Pharm 2014. [DOI: 10.1136/ejhpharm-2014-000485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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Fox TP, Godavitarne C. What really causes necrotising enterocolitis? ISRN GASTROENTEROLOGY 2012; 2012:628317. [PMID: 23316377 PMCID: PMC3534306 DOI: 10.5402/2012/628317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2012] [Accepted: 11/19/2012] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Background. One of the most serious gastrointestinal disorders occurring in neonates is necrotising enterocolitis (NEC). It is recognised as the most common intra-abdominal emergency and is the leading cause of short bowel syndrome. With extremely high mortality and morbidity, this enigmatic disease remains a challenge for neonatologists around the world as its definite aetiology has yet to be determined. As current medical knowledge stands, there is no single well-defined cause of NEC. Instead, there are nearly 20 risk factors that are proposed to increase the likelihood of developing NEC. Aims and Objectives. The aim of this project was to conduct a comprehensive literature review around the 20 or so well-documented and less well-documented risk factors for necrotising enterocolitis. Materials and Methods. Searches of the Medline, Embase, and Science direct databases were conducted using the words "necrotising enterocolitis + the risk factor in question" for example, "necrotising enterocolitis + dehydration." Search results were ordered by relevance with bias given to more recent publications. Conclusion. This literature review has demonstrated the complexity of necrotising enterocolitis and emphasised the likely multifactorial aetiology. Further research is needed to investigate the extent to which each risk factor is implicated in necrotising enterocolitis.
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