1
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Lengert L, Tomanek M, Ghoncheh M, Lohmann H, Prenzler N, Kalies S, Johannsmeier S, Ripken T, Heisterkamp A, Maier H. Acoustic stimulation of the human round window by laser-induced nonlinear optoacoustics. Sci Rep 2024; 14:8214. [PMID: 38589426 PMCID: PMC11001906 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-58129-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024] Open
Abstract
The feasibility of low frequency pure tone generation in the inner ear by laser-induced nonlinear optoacoustic effect at the round window was demonstrated in three human cadaveric temporal bones (TB) using an integral pulse density modulation (IPDM). Nanosecond laser pulses with a wavelength in the near-infrared (NIR) region were delivered to the round window niche by an optical fiber with two spherical lenses glued to the end and a viscous gel at the site of the laser focus. Using IPDM, acoustic tones with frequencies between 20 Hz and 1 kHz were generated in the inner ear. The sound pressures in scala tympani and vestibuli were recorded and the intracochlear pressure difference (ICPD) was used to calculate the equivalent sound pressure level (eq. dB SPL) as an equivalent for perceived loudness. The results demonstrate that the optoacoustic effect produced sound pressure levels ranging from 140 eq. dB SPL at low frequencies ≤ 200 Hz to 90 eq. dB SPL at 1 kHz. Therefore, the produced sound pressure level is potentially sufficient for patients requiring acoustic low frequency stimulation. Hence, the presented method offers a potentially viable solution in the future to provide the acoustic stimulus component in combined electro-acoustic stimulation with a cochlear implant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liza Lengert
- Laser Zentrum Hannover E.V., Hollerithallee 8, 30419, Hannover, Germany
- NIFE, Lower Saxony Center for Biomedical Engineering, Implant Research and Development, Hannover, Germany
| | - Michael Tomanek
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Cluster of Excellence "Hearing4all", Hannover Medical School, VIANNA/NIFE, Stadtfelddamm 34, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - Mohammad Ghoncheh
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Cluster of Excellence "Hearing4all", Hannover Medical School, VIANNA/NIFE, Stadtfelddamm 34, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - Hinnerk Lohmann
- Laser Zentrum Hannover E.V., Hollerithallee 8, 30419, Hannover, Germany
| | - Nils Prenzler
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Cluster of Excellence "Hearing4all", Hannover Medical School, VIANNA/NIFE, Stadtfelddamm 34, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - Stefan Kalies
- Institute of Quantum Optics, Leibniz University Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Sonja Johannsmeier
- Laser Zentrum Hannover E.V., Hollerithallee 8, 30419, Hannover, Germany
- NIFE, Lower Saxony Center for Biomedical Engineering, Implant Research and Development, Hannover, Germany
| | - Tammo Ripken
- Laser Zentrum Hannover E.V., Hollerithallee 8, 30419, Hannover, Germany
- NIFE, Lower Saxony Center for Biomedical Engineering, Implant Research and Development, Hannover, Germany
| | | | - Hannes Maier
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Cluster of Excellence "Hearing4all", Hannover Medical School, VIANNA/NIFE, Stadtfelddamm 34, 30625, Hannover, Germany.
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2
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Wang Z, Xu P, Ren Z, Yu L, Zuo Z, Liu S. Dynamics of cavitation bubbles in viscous liquids in a tube during a transient process. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2024; 104:106840. [PMID: 38457940 PMCID: PMC10940912 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2024.106840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Revised: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/10/2024]
Abstract
We experimentally, numerically, and theoretically investigate the dynamics of cavitation bubbles in viscous liquids in a tube during a transient process. In experiments, cavitation bubbles are generated by a modified tube-arrest setup, and the bubble evolution is captured with high-speed imaging. Numerical simulations using OpenFOAM are employed to validate our quasi-one-dimensional theoretical model, which effectively characterizes the bubble dynamics. We find that cavitation onset is minimally affected by the liquid viscosity. However, once cavitation occurs, various aspects of bubble dynamics, such as the maximum bubble length, bubble lifetime, collapse time, and collapse speed, are closely related to the liquid viscosity. We further establish that normalized bubble dynamics are solely determined by the combination of the Reynolds number and the Euler number. Moreover, we also propose a new dimensionless number, Ca2, to predict the maximum bubble length, a critical factor in determining the occurrence of liquid column separation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhichao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Hydroscience and Engineering, and Department of Energy and Power Engineering, Tsinghua University, 100084 Beijing, China
| | - Peng Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Hydroscience and Engineering, and Department of Energy and Power Engineering, Tsinghua University, 100084 Beijing, China
| | - Zibo Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Hydroscience and Engineering, and Department of Energy and Power Engineering, Tsinghua University, 100084 Beijing, China
| | - Liufang Yu
- Research Institute of Chemical Defence, 102205 Beijing, China
| | - Zhigang Zuo
- State Key Laboratory of Hydroscience and Engineering, and Department of Energy and Power Engineering, Tsinghua University, 100084 Beijing, China.
| | - Shuhong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Hydroscience and Engineering, and Department of Energy and Power Engineering, Tsinghua University, 100084 Beijing, China.
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3
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Gong L, Wright AR, Hynynen K, Goertz DE. Inducing cavitation within hollow cylindrical radially polarized transducers for intravascular applications. ULTRASONICS 2024; 138:107223. [PMID: 38553135 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultras.2023.107223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Revised: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 04/02/2024]
Abstract
Thrombotic occlusions of large blood vessels are increasingly treated with catheter based mechanical approaches, one of the most prominent being to employ aspiration to extract clots through a hollow catheter lumen. A central technical challenge for aspiration catheters is to achieve sufficient suction force to overcome the resistance of clot material entering into the distal tip. In this study, we examine the feasibility of inducing cavitation within hollow cylindrical transducers with a view to ultimately using them to degrade the mechanical integrity of thrombus within the tip of an aspiration catheter. Hollow cylindrical radially polarized PZT transducers with 3.3/2.5 mm outer/inner diameters were assessed. Finite element simulations and hydrophone experiments were used to investigate the pressure field distribution as a function of element length and resonant mode (thickness, length). Operating in thickness mode (∼5 MHz) was found to be associated with the highest internal pressures, estimated to exceed 23 MPa. Cavitation was demonstrated to be achievable within the transducer under degassed water (10 %) conditions using hydrophone detection and high-frequency ultrasound imaging (40 MHz). Cavitation clouds occupied a substantial portion of the transducer lumen, in a manner that was dependent on the pulsing scheme employed (10 and 100 μs pulse lengths; 1.1, 11, and 110 ms pulse intervals). Collectively the results support the feasibility of achieving cavitation within a transducer compatible with mounting in the tip of an aspiration format catheter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Gong
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Canada; Physical Sciences Platform, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Canada.
| | - Alex R Wright
- Physical Sciences Platform, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Canada
| | - Kullervo Hynynen
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Canada; Physical Sciences Platform, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Canada; Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - David E Goertz
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Canada; Physical Sciences Platform, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Canada
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4
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Meire M, De Moor RJG. Principle and antimicrobial efficacy of laser-activated irrigation: A narrative review. Int Endod J 2024. [PMID: 38340037 DOI: 10.1111/iej.14042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Revised: 01/28/2024] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
In the last two decades, the activation of root canal irrigants with pulsed lasers as an adjunct in root canal treatment has become increasingly popular. This narrative review explains the physical basics and the working mechanism of laser-activated irrigation (LAI), explores the parameters influencing LAI efficacy, considers historical evolutions in the field and summarizes laboratory and clinical evidence with emphasis on the antimicrobial action of LAI. Cavitation is the driving force behind LAI, with growing and imploding vapour bubbles around the laser tip causing various secondary phenomena in the irrigant, leading to intense liquid dynamics throughout the underlying root canal. High-speed imaging research has shown that laser wavelength, pulse energy, pulse length and fibre tip geometry are parameters that influence this cavitation process. Nevertheless, this has not resulted in standardized settings for LAI. Consequently, there is significant variability in studies assessing LAI efficacy, complicating the synthesis of results. Laboratory studies in extracted teeth suggest that, with regard to canal disinfection, LAI is superior to conventional irrigation and there is a trend of higher antimicrobial efficacy of LAI compared to ultrasonic activation. Clinical evidence is limited to trials demonstrating similar postoperative pain levels after LAI versus no activation or ultrasonic activation. Clinical evidence concerning the effect of LAI on healing of apical periodontitis as yet is scarce.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maarten Meire
- Department of Oral Health Sciences, Section of Endodontology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Roeland J G De Moor
- Department of Oral Health Sciences, Section of Endodontology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
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5
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Yang Z, Wang X, Zhao X, Cheng H, Ji B. LES investigation of the wavy leading edge effect on cavitation noise. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2024; 103:106780. [PMID: 38286041 PMCID: PMC10839620 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2024.106780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Revised: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 01/20/2024] [Indexed: 01/31/2024]
Abstract
This paper investigates the noise reduction performance of biomimetic hydrofoils with wavy leading edge and the corresponding mechanisms. We employ Large Eddy Simulation (LES) approach and permeable Ffowcs Williams-Hawkings (PFW-H) method to predict cavitation noise around the baseline and biomimetic hydrofoils. The results show that the wavy leading edge can effectively reduce the high-frequency noise, but has little effect on the low-frequency noise. Further analyses and discussions deal with the noise reduction mechanisms. The main source for the low-frequency noise is the cavity volume acceleration, while the wavy leading edge has little effect on it. The high-frequency noise sources, related to the surface pressure fluctuations and the turbulence characteristics, are significantly suppressed by the wavy leading edge, thus decreasing the high-frequency noise intensity. Our investigation indicates that the wavy leading edge has great prospects for cavitation noise reduction technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongpo Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Water Resources Engineering and Management, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, People's Republic of China
| | - Xincheng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Water Resources Engineering and Management, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaotao Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Water Resources Engineering and Management, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, People's Republic of China
| | - Huaiyu Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Water Resources Engineering and Management, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, People's Republic of China
| | - Bin Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Water Resources Engineering and Management, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, People's Republic of China.
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6
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Li J, Zhou M, Luo J, Xu W, Zhai Y, Qu T, Zou L. Collapsing behavior of spark-induced cavitation bubble in rigid tube. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2024; 103:106791. [PMID: 38325060 PMCID: PMC10859283 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2024.106791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2023] [Revised: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
The phenomenon of cavitation within tubes is a common scenario in the fields of medicine and industry. This paper focuses on the effects of rigid circular tube length, diameter and the distance of bubble - tube port on the behavior of bubble in tube. The low-voltage discharge technique was utilized to induce a cavitation bubble in deionized water. The effects of rigid tube lengths, diameters, and bubble-tube port distances on the morphology of bubbles are observed using high-speed camera. It has been found that as the length of the rigid tube increases, so does the period, and this effect is more pronounced in tubes with smaller diameters. Conversely, the cavitation bubble period decreased and then stabilized as the tube diameter increased, the ratio of tube radius and the bubble radius exceeds 4.8, the period of bubble in tube is similar to that of bubble in free field. Further analysis of the influence of tube characteristics on microjets reveals that a pair of oppositely microjets were formed along the tube axis by the bubble near the midpoint of the tube axis. Moreover, when the non-dimensional tube length η < 3.5, the increase tube diameter results in a decrease microjet velocity. It has also been observed that as the bubble gradually approaches the interior of the tube, the velocity of microjets directed inward decreases. Additionally, the smaller the diameter of the tube, the greater the bubble-tube port distance required for the microjets to reach the same level of velocity as bubble near the center of the tube axis. These findings hold theoretical implications for improvement of targeted drug delivery efficiency in medicine and enhance the operational efficiency of inertial micropumps in industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Li
- State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Maolin Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Jing Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China.
| | - Weilin Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Yanwei Zhai
- Science and Technology Research Institute, China Three Gorges Corporation, Beijing 101199, China; National Engineering Research Center of Water Resources Efficient Utilization and Engineering Safety, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China
| | - Tong Qu
- State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Lingtao Zou
- State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
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7
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Wu H, Zhou C, Li Y, Jin Y, Lai X, Ohl CD, Li D, Yu H. Mechanisms underlying the influence of skin properties on a single cavitation bubble in low-frequency sonophoresis. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2023; 101:106690. [PMID: 37948892 PMCID: PMC10663890 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2023.106690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Revised: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
As a safe and effective method for systemic transdermal drug delivery (TDD), sonophoresis has drawn much attention from researchers. Despite numerous studies confirming cavitation as the main reason for sonophoresis, the effect skin has on cavitation bubble dynamics remains elusive due to the difficulty of experimental challenges. For a start, we reveal how single cavitation bubble (SCB) dynamics are affected by skin properties, including elasticity, hydrophilicity and texture. We use polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) to simulate human skin and record the temporary evolution of SCBs with synchronous ultrafast photography. The influences of skin properties on SCBs are concluded: 1) SCBs collapse later near walls with better elasticities and generate microjets with higher speed; 2) SCBs collapse later near hydrophilic walls with slower microjets; and 3) the existence of a texture structure on walls also delays the time of bubble collapse near them and slows the velocities of microjets (v) during collapses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Wu
- School of Precision Instrument and Opto-Electronics Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, PR China; Department of Soft Matter, Institute of Physics, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg 39106, Germany; Innovative Institute of Chinese Medicine and Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, PR China
| | - Cheng Zhou
- School of Precision Instrument and Opto-Electronics Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, PR China
| | - Yuanyuan Li
- Innovative Institute of Chinese Medicine and Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, PR China
| | - Yongzhen Jin
- Innovative Institute of Chinese Medicine and Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, PR China
| | - Xiaochen Lai
- School of Automation, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, PR China
| | - Claus-Dieter Ohl
- Department of Soft Matter, Institute of Physics, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg 39106, Germany
| | - Dachao Li
- School of Precision Instrument and Opto-Electronics Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, PR China
| | - Haixia Yu
- School of Precision Instrument and Opto-Electronics Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, PR China.
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8
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Zhang Y, Wu W, Wang J, Zhai W, Wei B. In-situ observation of phase separation dynamics for immiscible aqueous solution within ultrasonic field. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2023; 100:106634. [PMID: 37820413 PMCID: PMC10571028 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2023.106634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2023] [Revised: 09/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
A high-speed imaging technique was used to observe the phase separation process of water (H2O)-20 %succinonitrile (SCN) immiscible solution within ultrasound field. Combining with numerical simulation, the effects of ultrasonic cavitation and acoustic streaming on the fragmentation and migration of secondary droplets were revealed. It was found that the previously spherical or near-spherical secondary H2O-rich droplets formed under static condition were dynamically transformed into several novel forms, such as tadpole-like, string-beads, gourd-like, and threadlike patterns. The calculated results showed that the cavitation could fragment micron-scale H2O-rich droplets because of the produced higher shock wave pressure than the droplets' Laplace pressure, and the subsequent droplet morphology evolution mainly depended on the liquid ejection volume determined by the distance between the droplets and the collapsing bubbles. Meanwhile, acoustic streaming, which generated shear force exceeding the surface tension of H2O-rich phase, stretched, split and finally fractured millimeter-sized or even larger secondary droplets into several smaller spherical sub-droplets. In comparison, the observed secondary droplet distribution characteristics in H2O-20 %SCN solution were similar to the Bi-rich particles in the ultrasonic solidification microstructures of Al-30 %Bi immiscible alloy, confirming that this work provided a deep understanding of the liquid phase separation mechanism within ultrasonic field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zhang
- School of Physical Science and Technology, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710129, PR China
| | - Wenhua Wu
- School of Physical Science and Technology, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710129, PR China
| | - Jianyuan Wang
- School of Physical Science and Technology, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710129, PR China
| | - Wei Zhai
- School of Physical Science and Technology, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710129, PR China.
| | - Bingbo Wei
- School of Physical Science and Technology, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710129, PR China
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9
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Yun JS, Hwangbo SA, Jeong YG. Preparation of Uniform Nano Liposomes Using Focused Ultrasonic Technology. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:2618. [PMID: 37836259 PMCID: PMC10574396 DOI: 10.3390/nano13192618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023]
Abstract
Liposomes are microspheres produced by placing phospholipids in aqueous solutions. Liposomes have the advantage of being able to encapsulate both hydrophilic and hydrophobic functional substances and are thus important mediators used in cosmetics and pharmaceuticals. It is important for liposomes to have small sizes, uniform particle size distribution, and long-term stability. Previously, liposomes have been prepared using a homo mixer, microfluidizer, and horn and bath types of sonicators. However, it is difficult to produce liposomes with small sizes and uniform particle size distribution using these methods. Therefore, we have developed a focused ultrasound method to produce nano-sized liposomes with better size control. In this study, the liposome solutions were prepared using the focused ultrasound method and conventional methods. The liposome solutions were characterized for their size distribution, stability, and morphology. Results showed that the liposome solution prepared using focused ultrasonic equipment had a uniform particle size distribution with an average size of 113.6 nm and a polydispersity index value of 0.124. Furthermore, the solution showed good stability in dynamic light scattering measurements for 4 d and Turbiscan measurements for 1 week.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Soo Yun
- Nanosafety Team, Safety Measurement Institute, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science (KRISS), 267 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea;
- Department of Applied Organic Materials Engineering, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Seon-Ae Hwangbo
- Nanosafety Team, Safety Measurement Institute, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science (KRISS), 267 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea;
| | - Young-Gyu Jeong
- Department of Applied Organic Materials Engineering, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
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10
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Azizi Mazreah S, Shirvani A, Azizi Mazreah H, Dianat O. Evaluation of irrigant extrusion following the use of different root canal irrigation techniques: A systematic review and meta-analysis. AUST ENDOD J 2023; 49:396-417. [PMID: 35988128 DOI: 10.1111/aej.12678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Revised: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
This systematic review investigates whether different irrigation techniques have different effects on irrigant extrusion from mature tooth apices. Articles published between January 2000 and January 2022 were searched in six electronic databases (MEDLINE, Embase, Google Scholar, Web of Science, Scopus and Cochrane) using appropriate keywords. Overall, 2265 articles were screened by their titles and abstracts. Fifty-six full-text articles were selected based on the inclusion criteria. Of them, 17 in vitro studies were included in the systematic review and meta-analysis. The meta-analysis was conducted using the random-effects inverse variance method. The results showed that the negative pressure technique caused a lesser amount (p = 0.00) and frequency (p = 0.00) of extrusion than the open-ended needle irrigation. Sonic and ultrasonic activation caused less amount of extrusion than both open-ended (p = 0.00 or p = 0.01) and closed-ended needle (p = 0.00) irrigation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Armin Shirvani
- Iranian Center for Endodontic Research, Research Institute of Dental Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Omid Dianat
- Division of Endodontics, Department of Advanced Oral Sciences and Therapeutics, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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11
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Koukas E, Papoutsakis A, Gavaises M. Numerical investigation of shock-induced bubble collapse dynamics and fluid-solid interactions during shock-wave lithotripsy. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2023; 95:106393. [PMID: 37031534 PMCID: PMC10114246 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2023.106393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Revised: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
In this paper we investigate the bubble collapse dynamics under shock-induced loading near soft and rigid bio-materials, during shock wave lithotripsy. A novel numerical framework was developed, that employs a Diffuse Interface Method (DIM) accounting for the interaction across fluid-solid-gas interfaces. For the resolution of the extended variety of length scales, due to the dynamic and fine interfacial structures, an Adaptive Mesh Refinement (AMR) framework for unstructured grids was incorporated. This multi-material multi-scale approach aims to reduce the numerical diffusion and preserve sharp interfaces. The presented numerical framework is validated for cases of bubble dynamics, under high and low ambient pressure ratios, shock-induced collapses, and wave transmission problems across a fluid-solid interface, against theoretical and numerical results. Three different configurations of shock-induced collapse applications near a kidney stone and soft tissue have been simulated for different stand-off distances and bubble attachment configurations. The obtained results reveal the detailed collapse dynamics, jet formation, solid deformation, rebound, primary and secondary shock wave emissions, and secondary collapse that govern the near-solid collapse and penetration mechanisms. Significant correlations of the problem configuration to the overall collapse mechanisms were found, stemming from the contact angle/attachment of the bubble and from the properties of solid material. In general, bubbles with their center closer to the kidney stone surface produce more violent collapses. For the soft tissue, the bubble movement prior to the collapse is of great importance as new structures can emerge which can trap the liquid jet into induced crevices. Finally, the tissue penetration is examined for these cases and a novel tension-driven tissue injury mechanism is elucidated, emanating from the complex interaction of the bubble/tissue interaction during the secondary collapse phase of an entrapped bubble in an induced crevice with the liquid jet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evangelos Koukas
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Aeronautics, School of Mathematics, Computer Science and Engineering, City University of London, Northampton Square, EC1V 0HB London, UK.
| | - Andreas Papoutsakis
- Department of Engineering, School of Physics Engineering and Computer Science (SPECS), University of Hertfordshire, College Lane Campus, AL10 9AB Hatfield, UK
| | - Manolis Gavaises
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Aeronautics, School of Mathematics, Computer Science and Engineering, City University of London, Northampton Square, EC1V 0HB London, UK
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12
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Feng Y, Jia D, Yue H, Wang J, Song W, Li L, Zhang AM, Li S, Chang X, Zhou D. Breaking through Barriers: Ultrafast Microbullet Based on Cavitation Bubble. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023; 19:e2207565. [PMID: 36732889 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202207565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2022] [Revised: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Micromotors hold great promise for extensive practical applications such as those in biomedical domains and reservoir exploration. However, insufficient propulsion of the micromotor limits its application in crossing biological barriers and breaking reservoir boundaries. In this study, an ultrafast microbullet based on laser cavitation that can utilize the energy of a cavitation bubble and realize its own hurtling motion is reported. The experiments are performed using high-speed photography. A boundary integral method is adopted to reveal the motion mechanism of a polystyrene (PS)/magnetic nanoparticle (MNP) microbullet under the action of laser cavitation. Furthermore, the influence of certain factors (including laser intensity, microbullet size, and ambient temperature) on the motion of the microbullet was explored. For the PS/MNP microbullet driven by laser cavitation, the instantaneous velocity obtained can reach 5.23 m s-1 . This strategy of driving the PS/MNP microbullet provides strong penetration ability and targeted motion. It is believed that the reported propulsion mechanism opens up new possibilities for micromotors in a wide range of engineering applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiwen Feng
- Key Laboratory of Microsystems and Microstructures Manufacturing (Harbin Institute of Technology), Ministry of Education, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Deli Jia
- Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration & Development, PetroChina Company Limited, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Honger Yue
- Key Laboratory of Microsystems and Microstructures Manufacturing (Harbin Institute of Technology), Ministry of Education, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Jie Wang
- College of Shipbuilding Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Wenping Song
- Key Laboratory of Microsystems and Microstructures Manufacturing (Harbin Institute of Technology), Ministry of Education, Harbin, 150001, China
- Chongqing Research Institute of Harbin Institute of Technology, Chongqing, 401151, China
| | - Longqiu Li
- Key Laboratory of Microsystems and Microstructures Manufacturing (Harbin Institute of Technology), Ministry of Education, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - A-Man Zhang
- College of Shipbuilding Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Shuai Li
- College of Shipbuilding Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Xiaocong Chang
- Key Laboratory of Microsystems and Microstructures Manufacturing (Harbin Institute of Technology), Ministry of Education, Harbin, 150001, China
- Chongqing Research Institute of Harbin Institute of Technology, Chongqing, 401151, China
| | - Dekai Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Microsystems and Microstructures Manufacturing (Harbin Institute of Technology), Ministry of Education, Harbin, 150001, China
- Chongqing Research Institute of Harbin Institute of Technology, Chongqing, 401151, China
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13
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Kou S, Chen W, Wu Y, Zhao G. Translation of cavitation bubble near the different walls. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2023; 94:106352. [PMID: 36893682 PMCID: PMC10015231 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2023.106352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Revised: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The interaction between spherical cavitation bubble and flat wall is transformed into that between the real bubble and imaging bubble by the method of images. Firstly, we investigate the dynamics of real bubble and matched, inversed or mis-matched imaging bubble driven by a small amplitude ultrasound, revealing the characteristics of the interaction between cavitation bubble and rigid, soft and impedance walls. Then, we emphatically study the dynamics of real bubble and mis-matched imaging bubble driven by a finite amplitude ultrasound, and the interaction characteristics between cavitation bubble and real impedance wall are revealed. The results show that the cavitation bubble is always close to the rigid wall and far away from the soft wall; For the impedance wall, whether the cavitation bubble is far away or close depends on the specific wall parameters. Moreover, the direction and magnitude of bubble's translation velocity can be changed by adjusting the driving parameters. Understanding the interaction between cavitation bubble and impedance wall is of great significance for efficient application of ultrasonic cavitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaoyang Kou
- Key Laboratory of Modern Acoustics, Ministry of Education, Institution of Acoustics, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Weizhong Chen
- Key Laboratory of Modern Acoustics, Ministry of Education, Institution of Acoustics, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China.
| | - Yaorong Wu
- Key Laboratory of Modern Acoustics, Ministry of Education, Institution of Acoustics, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Guoying Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Modern Acoustics, Ministry of Education, Institution of Acoustics, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
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14
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Kaykanat SI, Uguz AK. The role of acoustofluidics and microbubble dynamics for therapeutic applications and drug delivery. BIOMICROFLUIDICS 2023; 17:021502. [PMID: 37153864 PMCID: PMC10162024 DOI: 10.1063/5.0130769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Targeted drug delivery is proposed to reduce the toxic effects of conventional therapeutic methods. For that purpose, nanoparticles are loaded with drugs called nanocarriers and directed toward a specific site. However, biological barriers challenge the nanocarriers to convey the drug to the target site effectively. Different targeting strategies and nanoparticle designs are used to overcome these barriers. Ultrasound is a new, safe, and non-invasive drug targeting method, especially when combined with microbubbles. Microbubbles oscillate under the effect of the ultrasound, which increases the permeability of endothelium, hence, the drug uptake to the target site. Consequently, this new technique reduces the dose of the drug and avoids its side effects. This review aims to describe the biological barriers and the targeting types with the critical features of acoustically driven microbubbles focusing on biomedical applications. The theoretical part covers the historical developments in microbubble models for different conditions: microbubbles in an incompressible and compressible medium and bubbles encapsulated by a shell. The current state and the possible future directions are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. I. Kaykanat
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Boğaziçi University, 34342 Bebek, Istanbul, Türkiye
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15
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Utomo A, Alderman NJ, Padron GA, Özcan-Taşkın NG. Effects of particle concentration and dispersion rheology on the breakup of nanoparticle clusters through ultrasonication. Chem Eng Res Des 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cherd.2023.01.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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16
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Lengert L, Lohmann H, Johannsmeier S, Ripken T, Maier H, Heisterkamp A, Kalies S. Optoacoustic tones generated by nanosecond laser pulses can cover the entire human hearing range. JOURNAL OF BIOPHOTONICS 2022; 15:e202200161. [PMID: 36328060 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.202200161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Revised: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this work is to generate defined tones that cover the human hearing range in aqueous media for a later application in middle or inner ear implants. In our experiments, we investigated the characteristics of single laser pulses and pulse trains with different laser repetition rates of nanosecond laser pulses that were focused into aqueous media in a small volume. The frequency of the generated tones was limited by the spectral properties of the single acoustic pulses, which depended on the medium. Tones with fundamental frequencies above 8 kHz were generated using laser pulses focused into water. By replacing water with gel, tones between 500 Hz and 20 kHz could be produced. The generation of tones in the low-frequency range was only possible when laser pulse trains with pulse density modulated pulse patterns were applied in gel. This enabled the generation of tones between 20 Hz and 2 kHz. Consequently, the combination of different pulse patterns for the different frequency ranges allows generating optoacoustic tones between 20 Hz and 20 kHz in gel. Thus, we can cover the complete range of human hearing through optoacoustically generated tones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liza Lengert
- Industrial and Biomedical Optics, Laser Zentrum Hannover e.V., Hannover, Germany
- Lower Saxony Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Implant Research and Development (NIFE), Hannover, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence Hearing4all, Hannover and Oldenburg, Hannover, Germany
| | - Hinnerk Lohmann
- Institute of Quantum Optics, Leibniz University Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Sonja Johannsmeier
- Industrial and Biomedical Optics, Laser Zentrum Hannover e.V., Hannover, Germany
- Lower Saxony Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Implant Research and Development (NIFE), Hannover, Germany
| | - Tammo Ripken
- Industrial and Biomedical Optics, Laser Zentrum Hannover e.V., Hannover, Germany
- Lower Saxony Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Implant Research and Development (NIFE), Hannover, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence Hearing4all, Hannover and Oldenburg, Hannover, Germany
| | - Hannes Maier
- Lower Saxony Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Implant Research and Development (NIFE), Hannover, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence Hearing4all, Hannover and Oldenburg, Hannover, Germany
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Hannover Medical School MHH, Hannover, Germany
| | - Alexander Heisterkamp
- Industrial and Biomedical Optics, Laser Zentrum Hannover e.V., Hannover, Germany
- Lower Saxony Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Implant Research and Development (NIFE), Hannover, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence Hearing4all, Hannover and Oldenburg, Hannover, Germany
- Institute of Quantum Optics, Leibniz University Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Stefan Kalies
- Lower Saxony Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Implant Research and Development (NIFE), Hannover, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence Hearing4all, Hannover and Oldenburg, Hannover, Germany
- Institute of Quantum Optics, Leibniz University Hannover, Hannover, Germany
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17
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Tian L, Zhang Y, Yin J, Lv L, Zhu J. A simplified model for the gas-vapor bubble dynamics. THE JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA 2022; 152:2117. [PMID: 36319257 DOI: 10.1121/10.0014695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
This paper presents a full numerical model accounting for the heat transfer and phase-change by combining the modified Keller-Miksis equation with the second order term of compressibility of liquid, partial differential equations (PDEs), and Hertz-Knudsen-Langmuir equation. Then, a simplified model for studying the dynamics of the cavitation bubble or bubble excited by the acoustic waves is proposed. The major contribution is to simplify the full model with PDEs to a set of coupled ordinary differential equations (ODEs). Specifically, two energy PDEs are converted to three ODEs by coupling the boundary conditions. The comparison among the full model and other simplified models is used to validate the accuracy and superiority of the simplified model, from which the application range of the proposed simplified model can be determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Tian
- College of Mechanical and Transportation Engineering, China University of Petroleum-Beijing, Beijing 102249, China
| | - Yongxue Zhang
- College of Mechanical and Transportation Engineering, China University of Petroleum-Beijing, Beijing 102249, China
| | - Jianyong Yin
- Electrical Engineering College, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Liang Lv
- School of Mechatronic Engineering, Suzhou Vocational University, Suzhou 215104, China
| | - Jianjun Zhu
- College of Mechanical and Transportation Engineering, China University of Petroleum-Beijing, Beijing 102249, China
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18
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Corletto A, Ellis AV, Shepelin NA, Fronzi M, Winkler DA, Shapter JG, Sherrell PC. Energy Interplay in Materials: Unlocking Next-Generation Synchronous Multisource Energy Conversion with Layered 2D Crystals. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2203849. [PMID: 35918607 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202203849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Layered 2D crystals have unique properties and rich chemical and electronic diversity, with over 6000 2D crystals known and, in principle, millions of different stacked hybrid 2D crystals accessible. This diversity provides unique combinations of properties that can profoundly affect the future of energy conversion and harvesting devices. Notably, this includes catalysts, photovoltaics, superconductors, solar-fuel generators, and piezoelectric devices that will receive broad commercial uptake in the near future. However, the unique properties of layered 2D crystals are not limited to individual applications and they can achieve exceptional performance in multiple energy conversion applications synchronously. This synchronous multisource energy conversion (SMEC) has yet to be fully realized but offers a real game-changer in how devices will be produced and utilized in the future. This perspective highlights the energy interplay in materials and its impact on energy conversion, how SMEC devices can be realized, particularly through layered 2D crystals, and provides a vision of the future of effective environmental energy harvesting devices with layered 2D crystals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Corletto
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Grattan Street, Parkville, Victoria, 3010, Australia
| | - Amanda V Ellis
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Grattan Street, Parkville, Victoria, 3010, Australia
| | - Nick A Shepelin
- Laboratory for Multiscale Materials Experiments, Paul Scherrer Institute, Forschungsstrasse 111, Villigen, CH-5232, Switzerland
| | - Marco Fronzi
- School of Mathematical and Physical Science, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, New South Wales, 2007, Australia
| | - David A Winkler
- Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, 381 Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria, 3052, Australia
- School of Biochemistry and Chemistry, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Kingsbury Drive, Bundoora, Victoria, 3086, Australia
- School of Pharmacy, The University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Joseph G Shapter
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, 4072, Australia
| | - Peter C Sherrell
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Grattan Street, Parkville, Victoria, 3010, Australia
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19
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Yamashita Y, Sakuma S, Yamanishi Y. On-Demand Metallization System Using Micro-Plasma Bubbles. MICROMACHINES 2022; 13:1312. [PMID: 36014235 PMCID: PMC9415825 DOI: 10.3390/mi13081312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Revised: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
3D wiring technology is required for the integration of micro-nano devices on various 3D surfaces. However, current wiring technologies cannot be adapted to a variety of materials and surfaces. Here, we propose a new metal deposition method using only a micro-plasma bubble injector and a metal ion solution. Micro-plasma bubbles were generated on demand using pulses, and the localized reaction field enables metal deposition independent of the substrate. Three different modes of micro-plasma bubble generation were created depending on the power supply conditions and mode suitable for metal deposition. Furthermore, using a mode in which one bubble was generated for all pulses among the three modes, copper deposition on dry/wet materials, such as chicken tissue and glass substrates, was achieved. In addition, metal deposition of copper, nickel, chromium, cobalt, and zinc was achieved by simply changing the metal ion solution. Finally, patterning on glass and epoxy resin was performed. Notably, the proposed metal deposition method is conductivity independent. The proposed method is a starting point for 3D wiring of wet materials, which is difficult with existing technologies. Our complete system makes it possible to directly attach sensors and actuators to living organisms and robots, for example, and contribute to soft robotics and biomimetics.
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20
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Thangaraju S, Modupalli N, Naik M, Rawson A, Natarajan V. Changes in physicochemical characteristics of rice bran oil during mechanical‐stirring and ultrasonic‐assisted enzymatic degumming. J FOOD PROCESS ENG 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/jfpe.14123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Suka Thangaraju
- Department of Food Engineering National Institute of Food Technology, Entrepreneurship and Management ‐Thanjavur, Ministry of Food Processing Industries, Government of India Thanjavur Tamil Nadu India
| | - Nikitha Modupalli
- Department of Food Engineering National Institute of Food Technology, Entrepreneurship and Management ‐Thanjavur, Ministry of Food Processing Industries, Government of India Thanjavur Tamil Nadu India
| | - Mohan Naik
- Department of Food Engineering National Institute of Food Technology, Entrepreneurship and Management ‐Thanjavur, Ministry of Food Processing Industries, Government of India Thanjavur Tamil Nadu India
| | - Ashish Rawson
- Department of Food Safety and Quality Testing, National Institute of Food Technology, Entrepreneurship, and Management – Thanjavur Ministry of Food Processing Industries, Government of India Thanjavur Tamil Nadu India
| | - Venkatachalapathy Natarajan
- Department of Food Engineering National Institute of Food Technology, Entrepreneurship and Management ‐Thanjavur, Ministry of Food Processing Industries, Government of India Thanjavur Tamil Nadu India
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21
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Cavitation Inception on Hydrokinetic Turbine Blades Shrouded by Diffuser. SUSTAINABILITY 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/su14127067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
Diffuser technology placed around hydrokinetic rotors may improve the conversion of the fluid’s kinetic energy into shaft power. However, rotor blades are susceptible to the phenomenon of cavitation, which can impact the overall power efficiency. This paper presents the development of a new optimization model applied to hydrokinetic blades shrouded by a diffuser. The proposed geometry optimization takes into account the effect of cavitation inception. The main contribution of this work to the state of the art is the development of an optimization procedure that takes into account the effects of diffuser efficiency, ηd, and thrust, CTd. The authors are unaware of any other work available in the literature considering the effect of ηd and CTd on the cavitation of shrouded hydrokinetic blades. The model uses the Blade Element Momentum Theory to seek optimized blade geometry in order to minimize or even avoid the occurrence of cavitation. The minimum pressure coefficient is used as a criterion to avoid cavitation inception. Additionally, a Computational Fluid Dynamics investigation was carried out to validate the model based on the Reynolds-Averaged Navier–Stokes formulation, using the κ−ω Shear-Stress Transport turbulence and Rayleigh–Plesset models, to estimate cavitation by means of water vapor production. The methodology was applied to the design of a 10 m diameter hydrokinetic rotor, rated at 250 kW of output power at a flow velocity of 2.5 m/s. An analysis of the proposed model with and without a diffuser was carried out to evaluate the changes in the optimized geometry in terms of chord and twist angle distribution. It was found that the flow around a diffuser-augmented hydrokinetic blade doubles the cavitation inception relative to the unshrouded case. Additionally, the proposed optimization model can completely remove the cavitation occurrence, making it a good alternative for the design of diffuser-augmented hydrokinetic blades free of cavitation.
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22
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Freidank S, Vogel A, Linz N. Mechanisms of corneal intrastromal laser dissection for refractive surgery: ultra-high-speed photographic investigation at up to 50 million frames per second. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2022; 13:3056-3079. [PMID: 35774305 PMCID: PMC9203085 DOI: 10.1364/boe.455926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Revised: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Every year, more than a million refractive eye surgeries using femtosecond lasers are performed but the intrastromal cutting process remains an area of development. We investigated the mechanisms of laser dissection in cornea by ultra-high-speed photography. We found that the intrastromal bubble forms multiple lobes along the elongated laser plasma and the overlying lobes expand along the corneal lamellae. Videography demonstrated that the cutting process relies on crack propagation in the stroma along the bubble lobes with the crack originating from the pre-existing bubble layer. These insights are important for further improvement of the cutting mechanisms in refractive surgery.
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23
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Park D, Won J, Lee G, Lee Y, Kim CW, Seo J. Sonophoresis with ultrasound-responsive liquid-core nuclei for transdermal drug delivery. Skin Res Technol 2022; 28:291-298. [PMID: 35034386 PMCID: PMC9907662 DOI: 10.1111/srt.13129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sonophoresis can increase the delivery efficiency of various drugs into the skin. A recent advance in sonophoresis is the use of ultrasound-responsive liquid-core nuclei (URLN) to increase the probability of cavitation. In this study, we developed a URLN and ultrasound device, and demonstrated its effectiveness through in vitro and clinical tests. MATERIALS AND METHODS Three types of experiments were designed to evaluate the efficiency of sonophoresis with URLN. First, a Franz diffusion cell with cosmetic ingredients was used to analyze quantitatively the amount of drug delivered to the porcine skin. Second, after the application of sonophoresis with URLN, the porcine skin surface was examined using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) to see the changes in morphology. Finally, a clinical test was performed to verify the utility of sonophoresis with URLN. RESULTS The results indicate that sonophoresis with URLN can increase the amount of compound delivered by approximately 11.9-fold over 6 h for niacinamide and by 7.33-fold over 6 h for adenosine. In addition, we observed approximately 20-30 μm sized pores on porcine skin in SEM images. In clinical testing, the application of sonophoresis with cosmetics containing URLN for 3 min improved the efficiency of transdermal drug delivery by 1.9-fold, the depth of absorption by 2.0-fold, and the speed of absorption by 2.0-fold at 30 min after application. CONCLUSION We expect that sonophoresis with specialized URLN in transdermal drug delivery could be used widely for various skin-related applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donghee Park
- BioInfra Life Science Inc., Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Jongno-Gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jongho Won
- BioInfra Life Science Inc., Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Jongno-Gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Gyounjung Lee
- BiSang Soft, 405, Medical Industry Techno Tower, Wonju, Gangwon-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Yongheum Lee
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yonsei University, Wonju, Gangwon-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Chul-Woo Kim
- BioInfra Life Science Inc., Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Jongno-Gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jongbum Seo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yonsei University, Wonju, Gangwon-do, Republic of Korea
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24
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Michon S, Rodier F, Yu FTH. Targeted Anti-Cancer Provascular Therapy Using Ultrasound, Microbubbles, and Nitrite to Increase Radiotherapy Efficacy. Bioconjug Chem 2022; 33:1093-1105. [PMID: 34990112 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.1c00510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Hypoxia is an important mechanism of resistance to radiation therapy in many human malignancies including prostate cancer. It has been recently shown that ultrasound targeted microbubble cavitation (UTMC) can increase blood perfusion in skeletal muscle by triggering nitric oxide signaling. Interestingly, this effect was amplified with a sodium nitrite coinjection. Since sodium nitrite has been shown to synergize with radiotherapy (RT), we hypothesized that UTMC with a sodium nitrite coinjection could further radiosensitize solid tumors by increasing blood perfusion and thus reduce tumor hypoxia. We evaluated (1) the ability of UTMC with and without nitrite to increase perfusion in muscle (mouse hindlimbs) and human prostate tumors using different pulse lengths and pressure; (2) the efficacy of this approach as a provascular therapy given directly before RT in the human prostate subcutaneous xenografts PC3 tumor model. Using long pulses with various pressures, in muscle, the provascular response following UTMC was strong (6.61 ± 4.41-fold increase in perfusion post-treatment). In tumors, long pulses caused an increase in perfusion (2.42 ± 1.38-fold) at lower mechanical index (MI = 0.25) but not at higher MI (0.375, 0.5, and 0.750) when compared to control (no UTMC). However, when combined with RT, UTMC with long pulses (MI = 0.25) did not improve tumor growth inhibition. With short pulses, in muscle, the provascular response following UTMC (SONOS) + nitrite was strong (13.74 ± 8.60-fold increase in perfusion post-treatment). In tumors, UTMC (SONOS) + nitrite also caused a provascular response (1.94 ± 1.20-fold increase in perfusion post-treatment) that lasted for at least 10 min, but not with nitrite alone. Interestingly, the blunted provascular response observed for long pulses at higher MI without nitrite was reversed with the addition of nitrite. UTMC (SONOS) with and without nitrite caused an increase in perfusion in tumors. The provascular response observed for UTMC (SONOS) + nitrite was confirmed by histology. Finally, there was an improved growth inhibition for the 8 Gy RT dose + nitrite + UTMC group vs 8 Gy RT + nitrite alone. This effect was not significant with mice treated by UTMC + nitrite and receiving doses of 0 or 2 Gy RT. In conclusion, UTMC + nitrite increased blood flow leading to an increased efficacy of higher doses of RT in our tumor model, warranting further study of this strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Michon
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM) et Institut du Cancer de Montréal, Montréal, Québec H2X 0A9, Canada.,Institut de Génie Biomédical, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec H3T 1J4, Canada.,Département de Radiologie, Radio-Oncologie Et Médecine Nucléaire, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Francis Rodier
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM) et Institut du Cancer de Montréal, Montréal, Québec H2X 0A9, Canada.,Département de Radiologie, Radio-Oncologie Et Médecine Nucléaire, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - François T H Yu
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM) et Institut du Cancer de Montréal, Montréal, Québec H2X 0A9, Canada.,Institut de Génie Biomédical, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec H3T 1J4, Canada.,Département de Radiologie, Radio-Oncologie Et Médecine Nucléaire, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec H3T 1J4, Canada
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25
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Asakura Y, Yasuda K. Frequency and power dependence of ultrasonic degassing. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2022; 82:105890. [PMID: 34954631 PMCID: PMC8799602 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2021.105890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Revised: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
We investigated the time variation of ultrasonic degassing for air-saturated water and degassed water with a sample volume of 100 mL at frequencies of 22, 43, 129, 209, 305, 400, 514, 1018, and 1960 kHz and ultrasonic power of 15 W. Ultrasonic degassing was evaluated by dissolved oxygen concentration. Ultrasonic degassing was also investigated at a frequency of 1018 kHz and ultrasonic powers of 5, 10, 15, and 20 W. The dissolved oxygen concentration varied with the ultrasonic irradiation time and became constant after prolonged ultrasonic irradiation. The constant dissolved oxygen concentration value depended on the frequency and ultrasonic power but not the initial dissolved oxygen concentration. The degassing rate at 101.3 kPa was higher in the frequency range of 200 kHz to 1 MHz. The frequency dependence of the degassing rate was almost the same as that of the sonochemical efficiency obtained by the potassium iodide (KI) method. Ultrasonic degassing in the frequency range of 22-1960 kHz was also investigated under reduced pressure of 5 kPa. Degassing was accelerated when ultrasonic irradiation was applied under reduced pressure. However, under a reduced pressure of 5 kPa, the lower the frequencies, the higher is the degassing rate. The sonochemical reaction rate was examined by the KI method for varying dissolved air concentrations before ultrasonic irradiation. Cavitation did not occur when the initial dissolved oxygen concentration was less than 2 mg·L-1. Therefore, the lower limit of ultrasonic degassing under 101.3 kPa equals 2 mg·L-1 dissolved oxygen concentration. A model equation for the time variation of dissolved oxygen concentration due to ultrasonic irradiation was developed, and the degassing mechanism was discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Keiji Yasuda
- Department of Chemical Systems Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8603, Japan.
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26
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Asakura Y, Yasuda K. Frequency and power dependence of the sonochemical reaction. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2021; 81:105858. [PMID: 34894526 PMCID: PMC8666541 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2021.105858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2021] [Revised: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The dependence of the sonochemical reaction on ultrasonic intensity was studied over a wide frequency range of 22-1960 kHz and sample volume range of 25-200 mL. The effect of a stainless steel reflector set on the water surface was also considered. Experiments were carried out by direct ultrasonic irradiation of a sample in a vessel. The potassium iodide (KI) method was used to evaluate the sonochemical reaction in terms of efficiency and reaction rate, and calorimetry was used to determine ultrasonic power. A quenching phenomenon, where the reaction rate decreased despite an increasing ultrasonic power, was observed at all frequencies and sample volumes, which indicated the existence of a maximum reaction rate. The maximum reaction rate increased with the frequency, except at 1960 kHz, and with the sample volume. The ultrasonic power at which quenching occurred increased with the frequency and sample volume. Sudden quenching occurred without the reflector, whereas gradual quenching occurred with the reflector. Based on the results, ultrasonic power density (i.e., ultrasonic power divided by the sample volume) can be used to estimate the ultrasonic power at which quenching occurs for various sample volumes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Keiji Yasuda
- Department of Chemical Systems Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8603, Japan.
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Han D, Yuan R, Jiang X, Geng S, Zhong Q, Zhang Y, Yao Z, Wang F. Nanosecond resolution photography system for laser-induced cavitation based on PIV dual-head laser and industrial camera. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2021; 78:105733. [PMID: 34536700 PMCID: PMC8452887 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2021.105733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Revised: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The detailed study of the initial and collapse processes of the laser-induced cavitation requires nanosecond resolution (both nanoseconds exposure and nanoseconds interframe time) of the photography measurement system. The high-speed video cameras are difficult to achieve nanoseconds interval time. The framing and streak cameras are able to reach the nanosecond resolution, but their complex technology and expensive prices make them far from being commercially available. The present study builds a nanosecond resolution photography system based on PIV dual-head laser and conventional industrial camera. The exposure time of the photography system is controlled by the laser pulse width, which is 5 ns. The two heads of the PIV laser are operated independently thus the smallest time interval between two laser pulses can be set to less than 10 ns. A double-pulse per-exposure imaging technique is used to record the information from two laser pulses on single frame on a low-speed industrial camera. The nanosecond resolution photography system was applied to the laser-induced cavitation experiments to verify the reliability of the measurement results. The measurement of the shock wave velocity demonstrates the ability of the system to capture ultrafast phenomena, which reduces from 3611 m/s to approximately 1483 m/s within 400 ns. The experimental results also reveal the asymmetric evolution of laser-induced cavitation bubbles. The major axis of the ellipsoidal bubble has twice reversals along the laser propagation and perpendicular direction from the laser-induced breakdown to the first collapse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dixi Han
- College of Water Resources and Civil Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Rui Yuan
- College of Water Resources and Civil Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Xinkuan Jiang
- College of Water Resources and Civil Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Siyuan Geng
- College of Water Resources and Civil Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Qiang Zhong
- College of Water Resources and Civil Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; Beijing Engineering Research Center of Safety and Energy Saving Technology for Water Supply Network System, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Yifan Zhang
- College of Water Resources and Civil Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Zhifeng Yao
- College of Water Resources and Civil Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; Beijing Engineering Research Center of Safety and Energy Saving Technology for Water Supply Network System, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Fujun Wang
- College of Water Resources and Civil Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; Beijing Engineering Research Center of Safety and Energy Saving Technology for Water Supply Network System, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
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Movafaghi S, Daniels AL, Kelly MD, Witeof AE, Calderon CP, Randolph TW, Goodwin AP. Hydrogel Coatings on Container Surfaces Reduce Protein Aggregation Caused by Mechanical Stress and Cavitation. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2021; 4:6946-6953. [DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.1c00622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sanli Movafaghi
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80303, United States
| | - Austin L. Daniels
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80303, United States
| | - Mary D. Kelly
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80303, United States
| | - Alyssa E. Witeof
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80303, United States
| | - Christopher P. Calderon
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80303, United States
- Ursa Analytics, Inc., Denver, Colorado 80212, United States
| | - Theodore W. Randolph
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80303, United States
| | - Andrew P. Goodwin
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80303, United States
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Alheshibri M, Akhtar S, Al Baroot A, Elsayed KA, Al Qahtani HS, Drmosh Q. Template-free single-step preparation of hollow CoO nanospheres using pulsed laser ablation in liquid enviroment. ARAB J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2021.103317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
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Shende T, Andaluri G, Suri R. Power density modulated ultrasonic degradation of perfluoroalkyl substances with and without sparging Argon. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2021; 76:105639. [PMID: 34175810 PMCID: PMC8237577 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2021.105639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Revised: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The power density modulates the dynamics of the chemical reactions during the ultrasonic breakdown of organic compounds. We evaluated the ultrasonic degradation of perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS) at various power densities (30 W/L-262 W/L) with and without sparging Argon. We observed pseudo-first-order degradation kinetics at an initial PFASs concentration of 100 nM over a range of power density. The rate kinetics of degradation shows a non-linear increase with an increase in power density. We proposed a four-parameter logistic regression (4PLR) equation that empirically fits the degradation rate kinetics with the power density. The 4PLR equation predicts that the maximum achievable half-life of PFOA and PFOS sonochemical degradation are 1 and 10 min under a given set of experimental conditions. The high bulk-water temperature (i.e., 30 °C) of the aqueous sample helps increase the degradation rate of PFOA and PFOS. The addition of oxidants such as iodate and chlorate help enhance PFOA degradation in an argon environment at an ultrasonic frequency of 575 kHz.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takshak Shende
- NSF - Water and Environmental Technology (WET) Center, Civil and Environmental Engineering Department, Temple University, Philadelphia, United States
| | - Gangadhar Andaluri
- NSF - Water and Environmental Technology (WET) Center, Civil and Environmental Engineering Department, Temple University, Philadelphia, United States
| | - Rominder Suri
- NSF - Water and Environmental Technology (WET) Center, Civil and Environmental Engineering Department, Temple University, Philadelphia, United States.
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31
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Experimental and Analytical Study of under Water Pressure Wave Induced by the Implosion of a Bubble Generated by Focused Laser. SENSORS 2021; 21:s21144800. [PMID: 34300539 PMCID: PMC8309905 DOI: 10.3390/s21144800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Revised: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
In various domains of material processing, such as surface cleaning and surface treatment, cavitation phenomenon may become an alternative to traditional methods if this phenomenon is well understood. Due to experimental and mathematical difficulties in theoretical models, it is still a challenge to accurately measure the physical mechanism of the fluid/structure interactions. In this study, we verified the feasibility of using polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) sensors to quantitatively measure the under-water pressure wave generated by the collapse of a single cavitation bubble. The electrical signal obtained by PVDF can be converted into pressure information only by using the sensor material parameters provided by the supplier. During the conversion process, only the capacitance of the acquisition chain needs to be additionally measured. At the same time, a high-speed video recording system was used to visualize the evolution of the cavitation bubble. The Gilmore analytical model and an associated wave propagation model were used to simulate the pressure peak of the first collapse of the cavitation bubble. This theoretical pressure was compared with the experimental results. The result showed that, for bubbles with a normalized standoff distance γ larger than 5, the PVDF sensor had the ability to quantitatively measure the pressure wave generated by a single cavitation bubble.
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Sun G, Wang C, Gu W, Song Q. A facile electroless preparation of Cu, Sn and Sb oxides coated Ti electrode for electrocatalytic degradation of organic pollutants. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 772:144908. [PMID: 33578158 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.144908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Revised: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/26/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Electrocatalytic degradation of organic pollutants is an encouraging technology for wastewater treatment. To achieve practical application, electrode plate with cost effective fabrication, high catalytic efficiency and long service life is urgently required. This work prepared a CuO-SnO2-SbOX electrode on Ti substrate, which is achieved by ultrasonic assisted deposition of Cu layer, followed by electroless deposition of SnSb layer and finalized by calcination at 500 °C. The obtained electrode (Ti/CuO-SnO2-SbOX) exhibited high catalytic degradation activity and a high oxygen evolution potential (OEP) of 2.13 V, which is 0.4 V greater than that of the widely recognized Ti/SnO2-SbOX electrode. The oxygen evolution reaction (OER) models of active oxygen intermediate adsorption was optimized by density functional theory (DFT) calculations. The results revealed that (1) the ΔG of the OER rate-determining step was raised to 2.30 eV after Cu doping on 101 plane; (2) binding energies of the optimized surface with reactive oxygen species (ROS) were substantially decreased. Furthermore, the as-prepared electrode has a high yield of hydroxyl radical generation as evidenced by terephthalic acid detection. The potential for hydroxyl radical generation was measured to be 1.8 V at pH = 12 and 2.6 V at pH = 2.The catalytic degradation rate of methylene blue (MB) follows pseudo first order reaction kinetics, and the reaction constant K value reached 0.02964 -k/min-1, twice as much as that obtained from electrodeposition electrode (Ti/Cu/SnO2-SbOX). A degradation rate of 94.6% was achieved for MB in 100 min in the first run, and the value remained over 85% in the subsequent 10 runs. At the same conditions, the degradation rate of p-nitrophenol was over 90% in 100 min and complete mineralization was achieved in 4 h.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guowei Sun
- International Research Center for Photoresponsive Molecules and Materials, School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province 214122, PR China
| | - Chan Wang
- International Research Center for Photoresponsive Molecules and Materials, School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province 214122, PR China
| | - Wenxiu Gu
- International Research Center for Photoresponsive Molecules and Materials, School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province 214122, PR China
| | - Qijun Song
- International Research Center for Photoresponsive Molecules and Materials, School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province 214122, PR China.
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34
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Požar T, Agrež V, Petkovšek R. Laser-induced cavitation bubbles and shock waves in water near a concave surface. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2021; 73:105456. [PMID: 33517094 PMCID: PMC7844577 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2020.105456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Revised: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/24/2020] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
The interplay among the cavitation structures and the shock waves following a nanosecond laser breakdown in water in the vicinity of a concave surface was visualized with high-speed shadowgraphy and schlieren cinematography. Unlike the generation of the main cavitation bubble near a flat or a convex surface, the concave surface refocuses the emitted shock waves and causes secondary cavitation near the acoustic focus which is most pronounced when triggered by the shock wave released during the first main bubble collapse. The shock wave propagation, reflection from the concave surface and its scattering on the dominant cavity is clearly resolvable on the shadowgraphs. The schlieren approach revealed the pressure build up in the last stage of the collapse and the first stage of the rebound. A persistent low-density watermark is left behind the first collapse. The observed effects are important wherever cavities collapse near indented surfaces, such as in cavitation peening, cavitation erosion and ophthalmology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomaž Požar
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Vid Agrež
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Rok Petkovšek
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
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35
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Wu WH, Eskin DG, Priyadarshi A, Subroto T, Tzanakis I, Zhai W. New insights into the mechanisms of ultrasonic emulsification in the oil-water system and the role of gas bubbles. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2021; 73:105501. [PMID: 33676157 PMCID: PMC7933810 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2021.105501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Revised: 01/31/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Ultrasonic emulsification (USE) assisted by cavitation is an effective method to produce emulsion droplets. However, the role of gas bubbles in the USE process still remains unclear. Hence, in the present paper, high-speed camera observations of bubble evolution and emulsion droplets formation in oil and water were used to capture in real-time the emulsification process, while experiments with different gas concentrations were carried out to investigate the effect of gas bubbles on droplet size. The results show that at the interface of oil and water, gas bubbles with a radius larger than the resonance radius collapse and sink into the water phase, inducing (oil-water) blended liquid jets across bubbles to generate oil-in-water-in-oil (O/W/O) and water-in-oil (W/O) droplets in the oil phase and oil-in-water (O/W) droplets in the water phase, respectively. Gas bubbles with a radius smaller than the resonance radius at the interface always move towards the oil phase, accompanied with the generation of water droplets in the oil phase. In the oil phase, gas bubbles, which can attract bubbles nearby the interface, migrate to the interface of oil and water due to acoustic streaming, and generate numerous droplets. As for the gas bubbles in the water phase, those can break neighboring droplets into numerous finer ones during bubble oscillation. With the increase in gas content, more bubbles undergo chaotic oscillation, leading to smaller and more stable emulsion droplets, which explains the beneficial role of gas bubbles in USE. Violently oscillating microbubbles are, therefore, found to be the governing cavitation regime for emulsification process. These results provide new insights to the mechanisms of gas bubbles in oil-water emulsions, which may be useful towards the optimization of USE process in industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- W H Wu
- School of Physical Science and Technology, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, PR China
| | - D G Eskin
- Brunel Centre for Advanced Solidification Technology (BCAST), Brunel University London, Uxbridge UB8 3PH, United Kingdom; Tomsk State University, Tomsk 634050, Russian Federation.
| | - A Priyadarshi
- Faculty of Technology, Design and Environment, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford OX33 1HX, United Kingdom
| | - T Subroto
- Brunel Centre for Advanced Solidification Technology (BCAST), Brunel University London, Uxbridge UB8 3PH, United Kingdom
| | - I Tzanakis
- Faculty of Technology, Design and Environment, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford OX33 1HX, United Kingdom; Department of Materials, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PH, United Kingdom
| | - W Zhai
- School of Physical Science and Technology, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, PR China.
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36
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Senegačnik M, Kunimoto K, Yamaguchi S, Kimura K, Sakka T, Gregorčič P. Dynamics of laser-induced cavitation bubble during expansion over sharp-edge geometry submerged in liquid - an inside view by diffuse illumination. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2021; 73:105460. [PMID: 33774586 PMCID: PMC8027904 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2021.105460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Revised: 12/28/2020] [Accepted: 12/31/2020] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Laser ablation in liquids is growing in popularity for various applications including nanoparticle production, breakdown spectroscopy, and surface functionalization. When laser pulse ablates the solid target submerged in liquid, a cavitation bubble develops. In case of "finite" geometries of ablated solids, liquid dynamical phenomena can occur inside the bubble when the bubble overflows the surface edge. To observe this dynamics, we use diffuse illumination of a flashlamp in combination with a high-speed videography by exposure times down to 250 ns. The developed theoretical modelling and its comparison with the experimental observations clearly prove that this approach widens the observable area inside the bubble. We thereby use it to study the dynamics of laser-induced cavitation bubble during its expansion over a sharp-edge ("cliff-like" 90°) geometry submerged in water, ethanol, and polyethylene glycol 300. The samples are 17 mm wide stainless steel plates with thickness in the range of 0.025-2 mm. Bubbles are induced on the samples by 1064-nm laser pulses with pulse durations of 7-60 ns and pulse energies of 10-55 mJ. We observe formation of a fixed-type secondary cavity behind the edge where low-pressure area develops due to bubble-driven flow of the liquid. This occurs when the velocity of liquid overflow exceeds ~20 m s-1. A re-entrant liquid injection with up to ~40 m s-1 velocity may occur inside the bubble when the bubble overflows the edge of the sample. Formation and characteristics of the jet evidently depend on the relation between the breakdown-edge offset and the bubble energy, as well as the properties of the surrounding liquid. Higher viscosity of the liquid prevents the generation of the jet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matej Senegačnik
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, University of Ljubljana, Aškerčeva 6, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Kohei Kunimoto
- Department of Energy and Hydrocarbon Chemistry, Kyoto University, Nishikyo, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Satoshi Yamaguchi
- Department of Energy and Hydrocarbon Chemistry, Kyoto University, Nishikyo, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Koki Kimura
- Department of Energy and Hydrocarbon Chemistry, Kyoto University, Nishikyo, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Tetsuo Sakka
- Department of Energy and Hydrocarbon Chemistry, Kyoto University, Nishikyo, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Peter Gregorčič
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, University of Ljubljana, Aškerčeva 6, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
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Senegačnik M, Kunimoto K, Yamaguchi S, Kimura K, Sakka T, Gregorčič P. Dynamics of laser-induced cavitation bubble during expansion over sharp-edge geometry submerged in liquid - an inside view by diffuse illumination. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2021; 73:105460. [PMID: 33774586 DOI: 10.17632/w8mpz3v3w2.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Revised: 12/28/2020] [Accepted: 12/31/2020] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Laser ablation in liquids is growing in popularity for various applications including nanoparticle production, breakdown spectroscopy, and surface functionalization. When laser pulse ablates the solid target submerged in liquid, a cavitation bubble develops. In case of "finite" geometries of ablated solids, liquid dynamical phenomena can occur inside the bubble when the bubble overflows the surface edge. To observe this dynamics, we use diffuse illumination of a flashlamp in combination with a high-speed videography by exposure times down to 250 ns. The developed theoretical modelling and its comparison with the experimental observations clearly prove that this approach widens the observable area inside the bubble. We thereby use it to study the dynamics of laser-induced cavitation bubble during its expansion over a sharp-edge ("cliff-like" 90°) geometry submerged in water, ethanol, and polyethylene glycol 300. The samples are 17 mm wide stainless steel plates with thickness in the range of 0.025-2 mm. Bubbles are induced on the samples by 1064-nm laser pulses with pulse durations of 7-60 ns and pulse energies of 10-55 mJ. We observe formation of a fixed-type secondary cavity behind the edge where low-pressure area develops due to bubble-driven flow of the liquid. This occurs when the velocity of liquid overflow exceeds ~20 m s-1. A re-entrant liquid injection with up to ~40 m s-1 velocity may occur inside the bubble when the bubble overflows the edge of the sample. Formation and characteristics of the jet evidently depend on the relation between the breakdown-edge offset and the bubble energy, as well as the properties of the surrounding liquid. Higher viscosity of the liquid prevents the generation of the jet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matej Senegačnik
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, University of Ljubljana, Aškerčeva 6, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Kohei Kunimoto
- Department of Energy and Hydrocarbon Chemistry, Kyoto University, Nishikyo, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Satoshi Yamaguchi
- Department of Energy and Hydrocarbon Chemistry, Kyoto University, Nishikyo, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Koki Kimura
- Department of Energy and Hydrocarbon Chemistry, Kyoto University, Nishikyo, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Tetsuo Sakka
- Department of Energy and Hydrocarbon Chemistry, Kyoto University, Nishikyo, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Peter Gregorčič
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, University of Ljubljana, Aškerčeva 6, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
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38
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Shende T, Andaluri G, Suri R. Frequency-dependent sonochemical degradation of perfluoroalkyl substances and numerical analysis of cavity dynamics. Sep Purif Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2020.118250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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39
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Laser Cavitation Peening and Its Application for Improving the Fatigue Strength of Welded Parts. METALS 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/met11040531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
During conventional submerged laser peening, the impact force induced by laser ablation is used to produce local plastic deformation pits to enhance metallic material properties, such as fatigue performance. However, a bubble, which behaves like a cavitation, is generated after laser ablation, known as “laser cavitation.” On the contrary, in conventional cavitation peening, cavitation is generated by injecting a high-speed water jet into the water, and the impacts of cavitation collapses are utilized for mechanical surface treatment. In the present paper, a mechanical surface treatment mechanism using laser cavitation impact, i.e., “laser cavitation peening”, was investigated, and an improvement in fatigue strength from laser cavitation peening was demonstrated. The impact forces induced by laser ablation and laser cavitation collapse were evaluated with a polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) sensor and a submerged shockwave sensor, and the diameter of the laser cavitation was measured by observing a high-speed video taken with a camera. It was revealed that the impact of laser cavitation collapse was larger than that of laser ablation, and the peening effect was closely related to the volume of laser cavitation. Laser cavitation peening improved the fatigue strength of stainless-steel welds.
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Hasan F, Al Mahmud KAH, Khan MI, Patil S, Dennis BH, Adnan A. Cavitation Induced Damage in Soft Biomaterials. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s42493-021-00060-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Bao H, Zhang H, Gao L, Tang M, Zhang C, Lu J. Experimental investigations of three laser-induced synchronized bubbles. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2021; 71:105375. [PMID: 33166916 PMCID: PMC7786576 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2020.105375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Revised: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Herein, we investigated experimentally the dynamics of three laser-induced, same-sized, symmetrically aligned, and synchronized bubbles. Three synchronized laser beams split from the same beam using a Diffractive Optical Element splitter were focused on water, and then we obtained three bubbles. Another nanosecond laser pulse was used to probe the bubbles to obtain shadowgraphs. The exact delay of the excited and detected light was controlled using a delay generator. The results revealed that the maximum volumes of bubbles in arrays decrease as the normalized distance falls, while the lifetimes and translation increase. It was explained by the interaction between the acoustic radiation of bubbles and the surrounding bubbles. The shrinkage of linear bubble arrays exists an anomaly. The center bubbles were stretched, to ellipsoid, stick, even fractured, by the peripheral bubbles. The closer they are, the more distinct is the above phenomenon. However, when the normalized distance was sufficiently small, instead of being stretched, the center bubbles were compressed to disk shape and thus shrank with the whole array. Finally, the dependence of the distance on the energy transfer of the bubble system is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hengzhu Bao
- School of Science, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, China
| | - Hongchao Zhang
- School of Science, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, China
| | - Lou Gao
- School of Science, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, China
| | - Mao Tang
- School of Science, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, China
| | - Chong Zhang
- School of Science, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, China
| | - Jian Lu
- School of Science, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, China.
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Soyama H. Luminescence intensity of vortex cavitation in a Venturi tube changing with cavitation number. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2021; 71:105389. [PMID: 33221624 PMCID: PMC7786618 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2020.105389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2020] [Revised: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Hydrodynamic cavitation in a Venturi tube produces luminescence, and the luminescence intensity reaches a maximum at a certain cavitation number, which is defined by upstream pressure, downstream pressure, and vapor pressure. The luminescence intensity of hydrodynamic cavitation can be enhanced by optimizing the downstream pressure at a constant upstream pressure condition. However, the reason why the luminescence intensity increases and then decreases with an increase in the downstream pressure remains unclear. In the present study, to clarify the mechanism of the change in the luminescence intensity with cavitation number, the luminescence produced by the hydrodynamic cavitation in a Venturi tube was measured, and the hydrodynamic cavitation was precisely observed using high-speed photography. The sound velocity in the cavitating flow field, which affects the aggressive intensity of the cavitation, was evaluated. The collapse of vortex cavitation was found to be closely related to the luminescence intensity of the hydrodynamic cavitation. A method to estimate the luminescence intensity of the hydrodynamic cavitation considering the sound velocity was developed, and it was demonstrated that the estimated luminescence intensity agrees well with the measured luminescence intensity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hitoshi Soyama
- Department of Finemechanics, Tohoku University, 6-6-01 Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8579, Japan.
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Omoteso KA, Roy-Layinde TO, Laoye JA, Vincent UE, McClintock PVE. Acoustic vibrational resonance in a Rayleigh-Plesset bubble oscillator. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2021; 70:105346. [PMID: 33011444 PMCID: PMC7786605 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2020.105346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Revised: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The phenomenon of vibrational resonance (VR) has been investigated in a Rayleigh-Plesset oscillator for a gas bubble oscillating in an incompressible liquid while driven by a dual-frequency force consisting of high-frequency, amplitude-modulated, weak, acoustic waves. The complex equation of the Rayleigh-Plesset bubble oscillator model was expressed as the dynamics of a classical particle in a potential well of the Liénard type, thus allowing us to use both numerical and analytic approaches to investigate the occurrence of VR. We provide clear evidence that an acoustically-driven bubble oscillates in a time-dependent single or double-well potential whose properties are determined by the density of the liquid and its surface tension. We show both theoretically and numerically that, besides the VR effect facilitated by the variation of the parameters on which the high-frequency depends, amplitude modulation, the properties of the liquid in which the gas bubble oscillates contribute significantly to the occurrence of VR. In addition, we discuss the observation of multiple resonances and their origin for the double-well case, as well as their connection to the low frequency, weak, acoustic force field.
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Affiliation(s)
- K A Omoteso
- Department of Physics, Olabisi Onabanjo University, Ago-Iwoye, Ogun State, Nigeria
| | - T O Roy-Layinde
- Department of Physics, Olabisi Onabanjo University, Ago-Iwoye, Ogun State, Nigeria
| | - J A Laoye
- Department of Physics, Olabisi Onabanjo University, Ago-Iwoye, Ogun State, Nigeria
| | - U E Vincent
- Department of Physical Sciences, Redeemer's University, P.M.B. 230, Ede, Nigeria; Department of Physics, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YB, United Kingdom.
| | - P V E McClintock
- Department of Physics, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YB, United Kingdom
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Peng K, Qin FGF, Jiang R, Kang S. Interpreting the influence of liquid temperature on cavitation collapse intensity through bubble dynamic analysis. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2020; 69:105253. [PMID: 32731127 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2020.105253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Revised: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The violent collapse of inertial bubbles generates high temperature inside and emits strong impulsive pressure. Previous tests on sonoluminescence and cavitation erosion showed that the influence of liquid temperature on these two parameters is different. In this paper, we conducted a bubble dynamic analysis to explore the mechanism of the temperature effect and account for the above difference. The results show that the increase of vapor at higher liquid temperatures changes both the external compression pressure and the internal cushion and is responsible for the variation of bubble collapse intensity. The different trends of the collapsing temperature and emitted sound pressure are caused by the energy distribution during the bubble collapse. Moreover, a series of simulations are conducted to establish the distribution map of the optimum liquid temperature where the collapse intensity is maximized. The relationship between the collapse intensity and the radial dynamics of the bubble is discussed and the reliable indicator is identified. This study provides a clear picture of how the thermodynamic process changes cavitation aggressiveness and enriches the understanding of this complex thermal-hydrodynamic phenomenon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kewen Peng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Distributed Energy Systems, School of Chemical Engineering and Energy Technology, Dongguan University of Technology, Dongguan 523808, China.
| | - Frank G F Qin
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Distributed Energy Systems, School of Chemical Engineering and Energy Technology, Dongguan University of Technology, Dongguan 523808, China
| | - Runhua Jiang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Distributed Energy Systems, School of Chemical Engineering and Energy Technology, Dongguan University of Technology, Dongguan 523808, China
| | - Shimin Kang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Distributed Energy Systems, School of Chemical Engineering and Energy Technology, Dongguan University of Technology, Dongguan 523808, China
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Guo Y, Pan F, Chen W, Ding Z, Yang D, Li B, Ming P, Zhang C. The Controllable Design of Catalyst Inks to Enhance PEMFC Performance: A Review. ELECTROCHEM ENERGY R 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s41918-020-00083-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Abstract
When a high-speed water jet is injected into water through a nozzle, cavitation is generated in the nozzle and/or shear layer around the jet. A jet with cavitation is called a “cavitating jet”. When the cavitating jet is injected into a surface, cavitation is collapsed, producing impacts. Although cavitation impacts are harmful to hydraulic machinery, impacts produced by cavitating jets are utilized for cleaning, drilling and cavitation peening, which is a mechanical surface treatment to improve the fatigue strength of metallic materials in the same way as shot peening. When a cavitating jet is optimized, the peening intensity of the cavitating jet is larger than that of water jet peening, in which water column impacts are used. In order to optimize the cavitating jet, an understanding of the instabilities of the cavitating jet is required. In the present review, the unsteady behavior of vortex cavitation is visualized, and key parameters such as injection pressure, cavitation number and sound velocity in cavitating flow field are discussed, then the estimation methods of the aggressive intensity of the jet are summarized.
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Sojahrood AJ, Haghi H, Li Q, Porter TM, Karshafian R, Kolios MC. Nonlinear power loss in the oscillations of coated and uncoated bubbles: Role of thermal, radiation and encapsulating shell damping at various excitation pressures. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2020; 66:105070. [PMID: 32279052 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2020.105070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2019] [Revised: 01/29/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
This study presents the fundamental equations governing the pressure dependent disipation mechanisms in the oscillations of coated bubbles. A simple generalized model (GM) for coated bubbles accounting for the effect of compressibility of the liquid is presented. The GM was then coupled with nonlinear ODEs that account for the thermal effects. Starting with mass and momentum conservation equations for a bubbly liquid and using the GM, nonlinear pressure dependent terms were derived for power dissipation due to thermal damping (Td), radiation damping (Rd) and dissipation due to the viscosity of liquid (Ld) and coating (Cd). The pressure dependence of the dissipation mechanisms of the coated bubble have been analyzed. The dissipated energies were solved for uncoated and coated 2-20 μm in bubbles over a frequency range of 0.25fr-2.5fr (fr is the bubble resonance) and for various acoustic pressures (1 kPa-300 kPa). Thermal effects were examined for air and C3F8 gas cores. In the case of air bubbles, as pressure increases, the linear thermal model looses accuracy and accurate modeling requires inclusion of the full thermal model. However, for coated C3F8 bubbles of diameter 1-8 μm, which are typically used in medical ultrasound, thermal effects maybe neglected even at higher pressures. For uncoated bubbles, when pressure increases, the contributions of Rd grow faster and become the dominant damping mechanism for pressure dependent resonance frequencies (e.g. fundamental and super harmonic resonances). For coated bubbles, Cd is the strongest damping mechanism. As pressure increases, Rd contributes more to damping compared to Ld and Td. For coated bubbles, the often neglected compressibility of the liquid has a strong effect on the oscillations and should be incorporated in models. We show that the scattering to damping ratio (STDR), a measure of the effectiveness of the bubble as contrast agent, is pressure dependent and can be maximized for specific frequency ranges and pressures.
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Affiliation(s)
- A J Sojahrood
- Department of Physics, Ryerson University, Toronto, Canada; Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Science and Technology (iBEST) a partnership between Ryerson University and St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
| | - H Haghi
- Department of Physics, Ryerson University, Toronto, Canada; Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Science and Technology (iBEST) a partnership between Ryerson University and St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Q Li
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and the Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - T M Porter
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and the Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - R Karshafian
- Department of Physics, Ryerson University, Toronto, Canada; Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Science and Technology (iBEST) a partnership between Ryerson University and St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - M C Kolios
- Department of Physics, Ryerson University, Toronto, Canada; Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Science and Technology (iBEST) a partnership between Ryerson University and St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Chowdhury SM, Abou-Elkacem L, Lee T, Dahl J, Lutz AM. Ultrasound and microbubble mediated therapeutic delivery: Underlying mechanisms and future outlook. J Control Release 2020; 326:75-90. [PMID: 32554041 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2020.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2020] [Revised: 06/06/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Beyond the emerging field of oncological ultrasound molecular imaging, the recent significant advancements in ultrasound and contrast agent technology have paved the way for therapeutic ultrasound mediated microbubble oscillation and has shown that this approach is capable of increasing the permeability of microvessel walls while also initiating enhanced extravasation and drug delivery into target tissues. In addition, a large number of preclinical studies have demonstrated that ultrasound alone or combined with microbubbles can efficiently increase cell membrane permeability resulting in enhanced tissue distribution and intracellular drug delivery of molecules, nanoparticles, and other therapeutic agents. The mechanism behind the enhanced permeability is the temporary creation of pores in cell membranes through a phenomenon called sonoporation by high-intensity ultrasound and microbubbles or cavitation agents. At low ultrasound intensities (0.3-3 W/cm2), sonoporation may be caused by microbubbles oscillating in a stable motion, also known as stable cavitation. In contrast, at higher ultrasound intensities (greater than 3 W/cm2), sonoporation usually occurs through inertial cavitation that accompanies explosive growth and collapse of the microbubbles. Sonoporation has been shown to be a highly effective method to improve drug uptake through microbubble potentiated enhancement of microvascular permeability. In this review, the therapeutic strategy of using ultrasound for improved drug delivery are summarized with the special focus on cancer therapy. Additionally, we discuss the progress, challenges, and future of ultrasound-mediated drug delivery towards clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sayan Mullick Chowdhury
- Department of Radiology, Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Lotfi Abou-Elkacem
- Department of Radiology, Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Taehwa Lee
- Department of Radiology, Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Jeremy Dahl
- Department of Radiology, Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Amelie M Lutz
- Department of Radiology, Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
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Dheyab MA, Aziz AA, Jameel MS, Khaniabadi PM, Mehrdel B. Mechanisms of effective gold shell on Fe 3O 4 core nanoparticles formation using sonochemistry method. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2020; 64:104865. [PMID: 31983562 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2019.104865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2019] [Revised: 11/04/2019] [Accepted: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Sonochemical synthesis (sonochemistry) is one of the most effective techniques of breaking down large clusters of nanoparticles (NPs) into smaller clusters or even individual NPs, which ensures their dispersibility (stability) in a solution over a long duration. This paper demonstrates the potential of sonochemistry becoming a valuable tool for the deposition of gold (Au) shell on iron oxide nanoparticles (Fe3O4 NPs) by explaining the underlying complex processes that control the deposition mechanism. This review summarizes the principles of the sonochemistry method and highlights the resulting phenomenon of acoustic cavitation and its associated physical, chemical and thermal effects. The effect of sonochemistry on the deposition of Au NPs on the Fe3O4 surface of various sizes is presented and discussed. A Vibra-Cell ultrasonic solid horn with tip size, frequency, power output of ½ inch, 20 kHz and 750 W respectively was used in core@shell synthesis. The sonochemical process was shown to affect the surface and structure of Fe3O4 NPs via acoustic cavitation, which prevents the agglomeration of clusters in a solution, resulting in a more stable dispersion. Deciphering the mechanism that governs the formation of Au shell on Fe3O4 core NPs has emphasized the potential of sonication in enhancing the chemical activity in solutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Ali Dheyab
- Nano-Biotechnology Research and Innovation (NanoBRI), Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine (INFORMM), Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Pulau Pinang, Malaysia; Nano-Optoelectronics Research and Technology Lab (NORLab), School of Physics, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Pulau Pinang, Malaysia.
| | - Azlan Abdul Aziz
- Nano-Biotechnology Research and Innovation (NanoBRI), Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine (INFORMM), Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Pulau Pinang, Malaysia; Nano-Optoelectronics Research and Technology Lab (NORLab), School of Physics, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Pulau Pinang, Malaysia.
| | - Mahmood S Jameel
- Nano-Biotechnology Research and Innovation (NanoBRI), Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine (INFORMM), Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Pulau Pinang, Malaysia; Nano-Optoelectronics Research and Technology Lab (NORLab), School of Physics, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
| | - Pegah Moradi Khaniabadi
- Nano-Biotechnology Research and Innovation (NanoBRI), Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine (INFORMM), Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Pulau Pinang, Malaysia; Nano-Optoelectronics Research and Technology Lab (NORLab), School of Physics, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
| | - Baharak Mehrdel
- Nano-Biotechnology Research and Innovation (NanoBRI), Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine (INFORMM), Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Pulau Pinang, Malaysia; Nano-Optoelectronics Research and Technology Lab (NORLab), School of Physics, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
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50
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Fetyan NAH, Salem Attia TM. Water purification using ultrasound waves: application and challenges. ARAB JOURNAL OF BASIC AND APPLIED SCIENCES 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/25765299.2020.1762294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Nashwa A. H. Fetyan
- Soils, Water and Environment Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Giza, Egypt
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