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Pu S, Liu F, Chen Y, Luo C, Li P, Chen Y, Fu L, Liu H, Ye X, Wu S, Xue Y, Lin W. 'Single-shot' pulmonary vein isolation using a novel lotos pulsed field ablation catheter: a pre-clinical evaluation of feasibility, safety, and 30-day efficacy. Europace 2023; 26:euad362. [PMID: 38109928 PMCID: PMC10757452 DOI: 10.1093/europace/euad362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Revised: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/20/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS Pulsed field ablation (PFA) is emerging as a non-thermal, tissue-specific technique for pulmonary vein isolation (PVI) in atrial fibrillation therapy. This pre-clinical study aims to investigate the feasibility and safety of PVI using a novel PFA system including a nanosecond-scale PFA generator, a novel lotos PFA catheter, and a customized 12 Fr steerable sheath. METHODS AND RESULTS A total of 11 Yorkshire swine were included in this study, with 4 in the acute cohort and 7 in the chronic cohort. Under general anaesthesia, transseptal puncture and pulmonary vein (PV) angiography was initially performed. The PFA catheter was navigated to position at the right and left PV antrum after the electroanatomic reconstruction of the left atrium. Biphasic PFA applications were performed on PVs in both the spindle-shaped and the lotos-shaped poses. Pulmonary vein isolation and PFA-associated safety were assessed 30 min after ablation in both cohorts and 30 days later in the chronic cohort. Detailed necropsy and histopathology were performed. Additional intracardiac echocardiography and coronary angiogram were evaluated for safety. All target PVs (n = 20) were successfully isolated on the first attempt. No spasm of coronary artery or microbubble was seen during the procedure. Eleven of 12 PVs (91.6%) remained in isolation at the 30-day invasive study. No evidence of PV stenosis was observed in any targets. However, transient diaphragm capture occurred in 17.6%. Histopathological examinations showed no evidence of collateral injury. CONCLUSION This study provides scientific evidence demonstrating the safety and efficacy of the novel PFA catheter and system for single-shot PVI, which shows great potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sijia Pu
- School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, 106 Zhongshan Er Rd, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Fangzhou Liu
- Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, 106 Zhongshan Er Rd, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Yuhan Chen
- Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, 106 Zhongshan Er Rd, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Cihua Luo
- Insight Medtech Co., Ltd, Shenzhen, China
| | - Peng Li
- Insight Medtech Co., Ltd, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yanlin Chen
- Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, 106 Zhongshan Er Rd, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Lu Fu
- Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, 106 Zhongshan Er Rd, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Huiyi Liu
- Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, 106 Zhongshan Er Rd, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Xingdong Ye
- Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, 106 Zhongshan Er Rd, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Shulin Wu
- Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, 106 Zhongshan Er Rd, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Yumei Xue
- School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, 106 Zhongshan Er Rd, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Weidong Lin
- Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, 106 Zhongshan Er Rd, Guangzhou 510080, China
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Guymer RH, Chen FK, Hodgson LAB, Caruso E, Harper CA, Wickremashinghe SS, Cohn AC, Sivarajah P, Tindill N, Luu CD, Wu Z. Subthreshold Nanosecond Laser in Age-Related Macular Degeneration: Observational Extension Study of the LEAD Clinical Trial. Ophthalmol Retina 2021; 5:1196-1203. [PMID: 33662615 DOI: 10.1016/j.oret.2021.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Revised: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the long-term effect of subthreshold nanosecond laser (SNL) treatment on progression to late age-related macular degeneration (AMD). DESIGN Observational extension study of a randomized, sham-controlled trial. PARTICIPANTS Two hundred twelve participants with bilateral large drusen. METHODS The Laser Intervention in the Early Stages of AMD (LEAD) study was a 36-month trial where participants were randomized to receive SNL or sham treatment in 1 eye at 6-monthly intervals up to 30 months. After the completion of the LEAD study, the 2 largest recruiting sites offered remaining participants an opportunity to enroll in a 24-month observational extension study. This study thus examined all participants from these 2 sites who were enrolled in the LEAD study at baseline, including the additional observational data. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Time to develop late AMD, defined on multimodal imaging, between those randomized the SNL or sham treatment. RESULTS Overall, no significant difference was found in the rate of progression over a 60-month period in those randomized to the SNL compared with the sham group (adjusted hazard ratio [HR], 0.63; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.36-1.09; P = 0.098), similar to the findings at 36 months in the LEAD Study. However, evidence of treatment effect modification continued to emerge based on the coexistence of reticular pseudodrusen (RPD; P = 0.007, adjusted interaction). Namely, progression was slowed significantly with SNL treatment for those without coexistent RPD (adjusted HR, 0.34; 95% CI, 0.16-0.71; P = 0.004), but it was not significantly different for those with RPD (adjusted HR, 1.81; 95% CI, 0.67-4.88; P = 0.239). CONCLUSIONS A 24-month observational extension study to the LEAD Study confirmed that SNL treatment did not significantly reduce the overall rate of progression to late AMD in a cohort with intermediate AMD. However, the persistence of a potential beneficial treatment effect in those without coexistent RPD over a longer follow-up duration of an additional 24 months without additional treatment is encouraging. These findings provide further justification for future trials to examine the potential value of SNL treatment for slowing progression in intermediate AMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robyn H Guymer
- Centre for Eye Research Australia, Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, East Melbourne, Australia; Ophthalmology, Department of Surgery, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.
| | - Fred K Chen
- Centre for Ophthalmology and Visual Science (incorporating Lions Eye Institute), The University of Western Australia, and the Department of Ophthalmology, Royal Perth Hospital, Perth, Australia
| | - Lauren A B Hodgson
- Centre for Eye Research Australia, Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, East Melbourne, Australia
| | - Emily Caruso
- Centre for Eye Research Australia, Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, East Melbourne, Australia
| | - Colin A Harper
- Centre for Eye Research Australia, Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, East Melbourne, Australia; Ophthalmology, Department of Surgery, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Sanjeewa S Wickremashinghe
- Centre for Eye Research Australia, Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, East Melbourne, Australia; Ophthalmology, Department of Surgery, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Amy C Cohn
- Centre for Eye Research Australia, Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, East Melbourne, Australia
| | - Pyrawy Sivarajah
- Centre for Eye Research Australia, Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, East Melbourne, Australia
| | - Nicole Tindill
- Centre for Eye Research Australia, Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, East Melbourne, Australia
| | - Chi D Luu
- Centre for Eye Research Australia, Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, East Melbourne, Australia; Ophthalmology, Department of Surgery, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Zhichao Wu
- Centre for Eye Research Australia, Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, East Melbourne, Australia; Ophthalmology, Department of Surgery, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
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Han D, Yuan R, Jiang X, Geng S, Zhong Q, Zhang Y, Yao Z, Wang F. Nanosecond resolution photography system for laser-induced cavitation based on PIV dual-head laser and industrial camera. Ultrason Sonochem 2021; 78:105733. [PMID: 34536700 PMCID: PMC8452887 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2021.105733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Revised: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The detailed study of the initial and collapse processes of the laser-induced cavitation requires nanosecond resolution (both nanoseconds exposure and nanoseconds interframe time) of the photography measurement system. The high-speed video cameras are difficult to achieve nanoseconds interval time. The framing and streak cameras are able to reach the nanosecond resolution, but their complex technology and expensive prices make them far from being commercially available. The present study builds a nanosecond resolution photography system based on PIV dual-head laser and conventional industrial camera. The exposure time of the photography system is controlled by the laser pulse width, which is 5 ns. The two heads of the PIV laser are operated independently thus the smallest time interval between two laser pulses can be set to less than 10 ns. A double-pulse per-exposure imaging technique is used to record the information from two laser pulses on single frame on a low-speed industrial camera. The nanosecond resolution photography system was applied to the laser-induced cavitation experiments to verify the reliability of the measurement results. The measurement of the shock wave velocity demonstrates the ability of the system to capture ultrafast phenomena, which reduces from 3611 m/s to approximately 1483 m/s within 400 ns. The experimental results also reveal the asymmetric evolution of laser-induced cavitation bubbles. The major axis of the ellipsoidal bubble has twice reversals along the laser propagation and perpendicular direction from the laser-induced breakdown to the first collapse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dixi Han
- College of Water Resources and Civil Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Rui Yuan
- College of Water Resources and Civil Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Xinkuan Jiang
- College of Water Resources and Civil Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Siyuan Geng
- College of Water Resources and Civil Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Qiang Zhong
- College of Water Resources and Civil Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; Beijing Engineering Research Center of Safety and Energy Saving Technology for Water Supply Network System, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Yifan Zhang
- College of Water Resources and Civil Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Zhifeng Yao
- College of Water Resources and Civil Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; Beijing Engineering Research Center of Safety and Energy Saving Technology for Water Supply Network System, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Fujun Wang
- College of Water Resources and Civil Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; Beijing Engineering Research Center of Safety and Energy Saving Technology for Water Supply Network System, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
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Sözer EB, Pakhomov AG, Semenov I, Casciola M, Kim V, Vernier PT, Zemlin CW. Analysis of electrostimulation and electroporation by high repetition rate bursts of nanosecond stimuli. Bioelectrochemistry 2021; 140:107811. [PMID: 33862549 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioelechem.2021.107811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Revised: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Exposures to short-duration, strong electric field pulses have been utilized for stimulation, ablation, and the delivery of molecules into cells. Ultrashort, nanosecond duration pulses have shown unique benefits, but they require higher field strengths. One way to overcome this requirement is to use trains of nanosecond pulses with high repetition rates, up to the MHz range. Here we present a theoretical model to describe the effects of pulse trains on the plasma membrane and intracellular membranes modeled as resistively charged capacitors. We derive the induced membrane potential and the stimulation threshold as functions of pulse number, pulse duration, and repetition rate. This derivation provides a straightforward method to calculate the membrane charging time constant from experimental data. The derived excitation threshold agrees with nerve stimulation experiments, indicating that nanosecond pulses are not more effective than longer pulses in charging nerve fibers. The derived excitation threshold does not, however, correctly predict the nanosecond stimulation of cardiomyocytes. We show that a better agreement is possible if multiple charging time constants are considered. Finally, we expand the model to intracellular membranes and show that pulse trains do not lead to charge buildup, but can create significant oscillations of the intracellular membrane potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esin B Sözer
- Frank Reidy Research Center for Bioelectrics, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA 23508, USA.
| | - Andrei G Pakhomov
- Frank Reidy Research Center for Bioelectrics, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA 23508, USA
| | - Iurii Semenov
- Frank Reidy Research Center for Bioelectrics, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA 23508, USA
| | - Maura Casciola
- Frank Reidy Research Center for Bioelectrics, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA 23508, USA
| | - Vitalii Kim
- Frank Reidy Research Center for Bioelectrics, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA 23508, USA
| | - P Thomas Vernier
- Frank Reidy Research Center for Bioelectrics, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA 23508, USA
| | - Christian W Zemlin
- Frank Reidy Research Center for Bioelectrics, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA 23508, USA.
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