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Bahman A, Abaza MS, Khoushaish S, Al-Attiyah RJ. Therapeutic efficacy of sorafenib and plant-derived phytochemicals in human colorectal cancer cells. BMC Complement Med Ther 2023; 23:210. [PMID: 37365571 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-023-04032-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The present study aimed to investigate the sequence-dependent anticancer effects of combined treatment with sorafenib (Sora), a Food and Drug Administration-approved multikinase inhibitor drug, and plant-derived phytochemicals (PPCs) on human colorectal cancer (CRC) cell growth, and proteins associated with the control of cell cycle and apoptosis. METHODS The cytotoxic effects of 14 PPCs on CRL1554 fibroblast cells were determined using an MTT assay. Moreover, the cytotoxicity of Sora, PPCs, and a combination of both on CRC cells were also investigated. Cell cycle analysis was performed using flow cytometry, and cell apoptosis was investigated using DNA fragmentation, Annexin V/propidium iodide double staining, and mitochondrial membrane potential analyses. The cell cycle- and apoptosis-associated protein expression levels were analysed using western blotting. RESULTS Based on their low levels of cytotoxicity in CRL1554 cells at ≤ 20%, curcumin, quercetin, kaempferol, and resveratrol were selected for use in subsequent experiments. The combined treatment of sora and PPCs caused levels of CRC cytotoxicity in a dose-, cell type-, and schedule-dependent manner. Moreover, the combined treatment of CRC cells arrested cell growth at the S and G2/M phases, induced apoptotic cell death, caused extensive mitochondrial membrane damage, and altered the expression of the cell cycle and apoptotic proteins. CONCLUSIONS Results of the present study highlighted a difference in the level of sora efficacy in CRC cells when combined with PPCs. Further in vivo and clinical studies using the combined treatment of sora and PPCs are required to determine their potential as a novel therapeutic strategy for CRCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdulmajeed Bahman
- Department of Biological Sciences, Molecular Biology Program, Faculty of Science, Kuwait University, P.O. Box 5969, 13060, Safat, Kuwait
| | - Mohamed-Salah Abaza
- Department of Biological Sciences, Molecular Biology Program, Faculty of Science, Kuwait University, P.O. Box 5969, 13060, Safat, Kuwait.
| | - Sarah Khoushaish
- Department of Biological Sciences, Molecular Biology Program, Faculty of Science, Kuwait University, P.O. Box 5969, 13060, Safat, Kuwait
| | - Rajaa J Al-Attiyah
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Kuwait University, P.O. Box 24923, 13110, Safat, Kuwait
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Guo H, Deng H, Liu H, Jian Z, Cui H, Fang J, Zuo Z, Deng J, Li Y, Wang X, Zhao L. Nickel carcinogenesis mechanism: cell cycle dysregulation. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:4893-4901. [PMID: 33230792 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-11764-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Nickel (Ni) is a widely distributed metal in the environment and an important pollutant due to its widespread industrial applications. Ni has various toxicity in humans and experimental animals, including carcinogenicity. However, the carcinogenic effects of Ni remain troublesome. Cell cycle dysregulation may be an important carcinogenic mechanism and is also a potential molecular mechanism for Ni complexes anti-cancerous effects. Therefore, we conducted a literature review to summarize the effects of Ni on cell cycle. Up to now, there were three different reports on Ni-induced cell cycle arrest: (i) Ni can induce cell cycle arrest in G0/G1 phase, phosphorylation and degradation of IkappaB kinase-alpha (IKKα)-dependent cyclin D1 and phosphoinositide-3-kinase (PI3K)/serine-threonine kinase (Akt) pathway-mediated down-regulation of expressions of cyclin-dependent kinases 4 (CDK4) play important role in it; (ii) Ni can induce cell cycle arrest in S phase, but the molecular mechanism is not known; (iii) G2/M phase is the target of Ni toxicity, and Ni compounds cause G2/M cell cycle phase arrest by reducing cyclinB1/Cdc2 interaction through the activation of the ataxia telangiectasia mutated (ATM)-p53-p21 and ATM-checkpoint kinase inhibitor 1 (Chk1)/Chk2-cell division cycle 25 (Cdc25) pathways. Revealing the mechanisms of cell cycle dysregulation associated with Ni exposure may help in the prevention and treatment of Ni-related carcinogenicity and toxicology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongrui Guo
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611130, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Diseases and Environmental Hazards of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agriculture University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Huidan Deng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611130, China.
- Key Laboratory of Animal Diseases and Environmental Hazards of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agriculture University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611130, China.
| | - Huan Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Zhijie Jian
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Hengmin Cui
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611130, China.
- Key Laboratory of Animal Diseases and Environmental Hazards of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agriculture University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611130, China.
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural information engineering of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agriculture University, Yaan, Sichuan, 625014, China.
| | - Jing Fang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611130, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Diseases and Environmental Hazards of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agriculture University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Zhicai Zuo
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611130, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Diseases and Environmental Hazards of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agriculture University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Junliang Deng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611130, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Diseases and Environmental Hazards of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agriculture University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Yinglun Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611130, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Diseases and Environmental Hazards of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agriculture University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Xun Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611130, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Diseases and Environmental Hazards of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agriculture University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Ling Zhao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611130, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Diseases and Environmental Hazards of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agriculture University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611130, China
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Wu C, Ma L, Wei H, Nie F, Ning J, Jiang T. MiR-1256 inhibits cell proliferation and cell cycle progression in papillary thyroid cancer by targeting 5-hydroxy tryptamine receptor 3A. Hum Cell 2020; 33:630-640. [PMID: 32130678 DOI: 10.1007/s13577-020-00325-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2019] [Accepted: 01/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Aberrant expression of miR-1256 has been reported to be closely associated with the development and progression of tumors, including colon cancer and lung cancer. However, study of its expression pattern and functional role in papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) is rare. Using quantitative real time PCR analysis, we found miR-1256 was significantly down-regulated in PTC tissues and cell lines. The correlation of miR-1256 expression with clinicopathological features was statistically analyzed. The results showed miR-1256 expression was significantly correlated with tumor size (p = 0.0124) and TNM stage (p = 0.0032). Restoring miR-1256 expression significantly inhibited proliferation and cell cycle progression of PTC cells demonstrated by CCK-8 and flow cytometry assays. Luciferase reporter assay and biotin-avidin pull-down assay showed miR-1256 can directly target 5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 3A (HTR3A) in PTC cells. The expression of miR-1256 was inversely correlated with HTR3A expression in PTC tissues. Knockdown of HTR3A imitated the suppressive effects of miR-1256 in PTC cells. Ectopic expression of HTR3A can antagonize the effects of miR-1256 on PTC cells. Furthermore, the suppressive effects of miR-1256 on the expression of PCNA, CDK4, Cyclin D1, and p21 were partially reversed by HTR3A overexpression in PTC cells. In summary, our data suggested that miR-1256 could suppress PTC cellular function by targeting HTR3A, which might be a potential therapeutic target for patients with PTC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaowen Wu
- Department of Metabolic Endocrinology, Shenzhen Longhua District Central Hospital, No. 187 Guanlan Avenue, Longhua District, Shenzhen, 518110, China
| | - Liyuan Ma
- Department of Ultrasound, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, China
| | - Hongfa Wei
- Department of Metabolic Endocrinology, Shenzhen Longhua District Central Hospital, No. 187 Guanlan Avenue, Longhua District, Shenzhen, 518110, China
| | - Furong Nie
- Department of Metabolic Endocrinology, Shenzhen Longhua District Central Hospital, No. 187 Guanlan Avenue, Longhua District, Shenzhen, 518110, China
| | - Jie Ning
- Department of Metabolic Endocrinology, Shenzhen Longhua District Central Hospital, No. 187 Guanlan Avenue, Longhua District, Shenzhen, 518110, China.
| | - Tao Jiang
- Department of Anal-Colorectal Surgery, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, No. 804 South Shengli Road, Yinchuan, 750004, China.
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Lv M, Shao S, Zhang Q, Zhuang X, Qiao T. Acetyl-11-Keto-β-Boswellic Acid Exerts the Anti-Cancer Effects via Cell Cycle Arrest, Apoptosis Induction and Autophagy Suppression in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Cells. Onco Targets Ther 2020; 13:733-744. [PMID: 32158225 PMCID: PMC6986255 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s236346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2019] [Accepted: 01/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Acetyl-11-keto-β-boswellic acid (AKBA) is a triterpenoid, which is the main component of boswellic acid from Boswellia Serrata, a medicinal plant that has shown immense potential in anti-cancer therapy. This study aims to explore the roles and molecular mechanisms of AKBA on cell behavior in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells. Materials and Methods The effects of AKBA on the cell viability in A549, H460, H1299, and BEAS-2B cells were determined by the CCK-8 assay. The colony formation assay was used to identify the effects of AKBA on cell proliferation. Potential roles of AKBA in regulating the cell cycle, apoptosis, and autophagy in A549 were evaluated by flow cytometry, Western blotting, reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and immunofluorescence (IF). Results AKBA reduced cell viability in A549, H460, H1299, and BEAS-2B. In A549 cells, AKBA suppressed the clone formation, arrested the cell cycle at the G0/G1 phase, induced cellular apoptosis. We found that AKBA suppressed the formation of autolysosome, and decreased the expression levels of Beclin-1, LC3A/B-I, and LC3A/B-II proteins. Furthermore, AKBA also inhibited the expression levels of PI3K/Akt signaling pathway proteins. Conclusion AKBA exerts the anti-cancer effects via cell cycle arrest, apoptosis induction, and autophagy suppression in NSCLC cells. This body of evidence supports the potential of AKBA as a promising drug in the treatment of NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minghe Lv
- Center for Tumor Diagnosis and Therapy, Jinshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 201508, People's Republic of China
| | - Shali Shao
- Center for Tumor Diagnosis and Therapy, Jinshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 201508, People's Republic of China
| | - Qi Zhang
- Center for Tumor Diagnosis and Therapy, Jinshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 201508, People's Republic of China
| | - Xibing Zhuang
- Center for Tumor Diagnosis and Therapy, Jinshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 201508, People's Republic of China
| | - Tiankui Qiao
- Center for Tumor Diagnosis and Therapy, Jinshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 201508, People's Republic of China
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Li H, Tian X, Wang P, Huang M, Xu R, Nie T. MicroRNA-582-3p negatively regulates cell proliferation and cell cycle progression in acute myeloid leukemia by targeting cyclin B2. Cell Mol Biol Lett 2019; 24:66. [PMID: 31844417 PMCID: PMC6894134 DOI: 10.1186/s11658-019-0184-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2019] [Accepted: 10/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Background MicroRNAs (miRNAs) function as post-transcriptional gene expression regulators. Some miRNAs, including the recently discovered miR-582–3p, have been implicated in leukemogenesis. This study aimed to reveal the biological function of miR-582–3p in acute myeloid leukemia (AML), which is one of the most frequently diagnosed hematological malignancies. Methods The expression of miR-582–3p was determined using quantitative real-time PCR in blood samples from leukemia patients and in cell lines. Cell proliferation and cell cycle distribution were analyzed using the CCK-8, colony formation and flow cytometry assays. The target gene of miR-582–3p was verified using a dual-luciferase reporter assay. The G2/M phase arrest-related molecule contents were measured using western blotting analysis. Results We found miR-582–3p was significantly downregulated in the blood samples from leukemia patients and in the cell lines. MiR-582–3p overexpression significantly impaired cell proliferation and induced G2/M cell cycle arrest in THP-1 cells. Furthermore, cyclin B2 (CCNB2) was confirmed as a target gene of miR-582–3p and found to be negatively regulated by miR-582–3p overexpression. More importantly, CCNB2 knockdown showed suppressive effects on cell proliferation and cell cycle progression similar to those caused by miR-582–3p overexpression. The inhibitory effects of miR-582–3p overexpression on cell proliferation and cell cycle progression were abrogated by CCNB2 transfection. Conclusion These findings indicate new functions and mechanisms for miR-582–3p in AML development. Further study could clarify if miR-582–3p and CCNB2 are potential therapeutic targets for the treatment of AML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haixia Li
- 1Department of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Hunan Children's Hospital, Changsha, 410007 China.,2Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, 410208 China
| | - Xuefei Tian
- 3College of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, 410208 China
| | - Paoqiu Wang
- 1Department of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Hunan Children's Hospital, Changsha, 410007 China
| | - Mao Huang
- 4Department of Pediatric Rehabilitation, Hebei Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, 050000 Hebei China
| | - Ronghua Xu
- 5Department of Hematology, The First Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, 95 Shaoshan Middle Road, Changsha City, 410007 Hunan Province China
| | - Tian Nie
- 5Department of Hematology, The First Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, 95 Shaoshan Middle Road, Changsha City, 410007 Hunan Province China
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Bahman AA, Abaza MSI, Khoushiash SI, Al-Attiyah RJ. Sequence‑dependent effect of sorafenib in combination with natural phenolic compounds on hepatic cancer cells and the possible mechanism of action. Int J Mol Med 2018; 42:1695-1715. [PMID: 29901131 PMCID: PMC6089756 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2018.3725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2017] [Accepted: 05/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Sorafenib (Nexavar, BAY43-9006 or Sora) is the first molecular targeted agent that has exhibited significant therapeutic benefits in advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, not all HCC patients respond well to Sora and novel therapeutic strategies to optimize the efficacy of Sora are urgently required. Plant-based drugs have received increasing attention owing to their excellent chemotherapeutic and chemopreventive activities; they are also well tolerated, non-toxic, easily available and inexpensive. It is well known that certain biologically active natural products act synergistically with synthetic drugs used in clinical applications. The present study aimed to investigate whether a combination therapy with natural phenolic compounds (NPCs), including curcumin (Cur), quercetin (Que), kaempherol (Kmf) and resveratrol (Rsv), would allow a dose reduction of Sora without concomitant loss of its effectiveness. Furthermore, the possible molecular mechanisms of this synergy were assessed. The hepatic cancer cell lines Hep3b and HepG2 were treated with Sora alone or in combination with NPCs in concomitant, sequential, and inverted sequential regimens. Cell proliferation, cell cycle, apoptosis and expression of proteins associated with the cell cycle and apoptosis were investigated. NPCs markedly potentiated the therapeutic efficacy of Sora in a sequence-, type-, NPC dose- and cell line-dependent manner. Concomitant treatment with Sora and Cur [sensitization ratio (SR)=28], Kmf (SR=18) or Que (SR=8) was associated with the highest SRs in Hep3b cells. Rsv markedly potentiated the effect of Sora (SR=17) on Hep3b cells when administered in a reverse sequential manner. By contrast, Rsv and Que did not improve the efficacy of Sora against HepG2 cells, while concomitant treatment with Cur (SR=10) or Kmf (SR=4.01) potentiated the cytotoxicity of Sora. Concomitant treatment with Sora and Cur or Kmf caused S-phase and G2/M phase arrest of liver cancer cells and markedly induced apoptosis compared with mono-treatment with Sora, Cur or Kmf. Concomitant treatment with Sora and Cur reduced the protein levels of cyclins A, B2 and D1, phosphorylated retinoblastoma and B-cell lymphoma (Bcl) extra-large protein. By contrast, Sora and Cur co-treatment increased the protein levels of Bcl-2-associated X protein, cleaved caspase-3 and cleaved caspase-9 in a dose-dependent manner. In conclusion, concomitant treatment with Sora and Cur or Kmf appears to be a potent and promising therapeutic approach that may control hepatic cancer by triggering cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. Additional studies are required to examine the potential of combined treatment with Sora and NPCs in human hepatic cancer and other solid tumor types in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdulmajeed A Bahman
- Molecular Biology Program, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Kuwait University, 13060 Safat, State of Kuwait
| | - Mohamed Salah I Abaza
- Molecular Biology Program, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Kuwait University, 13060 Safat, State of Kuwait
| | - Sarah I Khoushiash
- Molecular Biology Program, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Kuwait University, 13060 Safat, State of Kuwait
| | - Rajaa J Al-Attiyah
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Kuwait University, 13060 Safat, State of Kuwait
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Tanaka T, Ochi H, Takahashi S, Ueno N, Taira M. Genes coding for cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors are fragile in Xenopus. Dev Biol 2017; 426:291-300. [PMID: 27393661 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2016.06.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2016] [Revised: 06/16/2016] [Accepted: 06/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Cell proliferation is strictly regulated by the dosage balance among cell-cycle regulators such as CDK/cyclin complexes and CDK-Inhibitors. Even in the allotetraploid genome of Xenopus laevis, the dosage balance must be maintained for animals to stay alive, and the duplicated homeologous genes seem to have gradually changed, through evolution, resulting in the best genes for them to thrive. In the Xenopus laevis genome, while homeologous gene pairs of CDKs are fundamentally maintained and a few cyclin genes are amplified, homeologous gene pairs of the important CDK-Inhibitors, CDKn1c and CDKn2a, are deleted from chromosomes L and S. Although losses of CDKn1c and CDKn2a can lead to diseases in humans, their loss in X. laevis does not affect the animals' health. Also, another gene coding CDKn1b is lost besides CDKn1c and CDKn2a in the genome of Xenopus tropicalis. These findings suggest a high resistance of Xenopus to diseases. We also found that CDKn2c.S expression is higher than that of CDKn2c.L, and a conserved noncoding sequence (CNS) of CDKn2c genomic loci on X. laevis chromosome S and X. tropicalis has an enhancement activity in regulating the different expression. These findings together indicate a surprising fragility of CDK inhibitor gene loci in the Xenopus genome in spite of their importance, and may suggest that factors other than CDK-inhibitors decelerate cell-cycling in Xenopus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshiaki Tanaka
- School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8501, Japan.
| | - Haruki Ochi
- Institute for Promotion of Medical Science Research, Yamagata University Faculty of Medicine, 2-2-2 Iida-Nishi, Yamagata, Yamagata 990-9585, Japan
| | - Shuji Takahashi
- Institute for Amphibian Biology, Graduate School of Science, Hiroshima University, 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan
| | - Naoto Ueno
- National Institute for Basic Biology, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, 38 Nishigonaka, Myodaiji, Okazaki 444-8585, Aichi, Japan
| | - Masanori Taira
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
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Lv Y, Li H, Li F, Liu P, Zhao X. Long Noncoding RNA MNX1-AS1 Knockdown Inhibits Cell Proliferation and Migration in Ovarian Cancer. Cancer Biother Radiopharm 2017; 32:91-99. [PMID: 28414551 DOI: 10.1089/cbr.2017.2178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yan Lv
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Zhongxin Hospital of Huizhou, Huizhou, China
| | - Huan Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Beijing University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Fengling Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Yantai Affiliated Hospital of Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China
| | - Peishu Liu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Xinrui Zhao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
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Kibbey MC, MacAllan D, Karaszkiewicz JW. Novel Electrochemiluminescent Assays for Drug Discovery. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/s1535-5535-04-00049-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
IGEN's ORIGEN® technology, which is based on electrochemiluminescence, has been adopted by a number of research and bioanalytical laboratories who have recognized its exquisite sensitivity, high precision, wide dynamic range, and flexibility in formatting a wide variety of applications. IGEN's M-SERIES™ marks the introduction of the second generation of detection systems employing the ORIGEN technology specifically repackaged to address the needs of the high throughput laboratories involved in drug discovery. Assays are formatted without wash steps. Users realize the high performance of a heterogeneous technology with the convenience of a homogeneous format. The M-SERIES platform can address enzymatic assays (kinases, proteases, helicases, etc.), receptor-ligand or protein-protein assays, immunoassays, quantitation of nucleic acids, as well as other applications. Recent assay formats will be explored in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maura C. Kibbey
- IGEN® International Inc., 16020 Industrial Drive, Gaithersburg MD 20877 USA
| | - David MacAllan
- IGEN® International Inc., 16020 Industrial Drive, Gaithersburg MD 20877 USA
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Abaza MSI, Afzal M, Al-Attiyah RJ, Guleri R. Methylferulate from Tamarix aucheriana inhibits growth and enhances chemosensitivity of human colorectal cancer cells: possible mechanism of action. BMC COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2016; 16:384. [PMID: 27716288 PMCID: PMC5045602 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-016-1358-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2016] [Accepted: 09/08/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Background Natural products are valuable sources for anticancer agents. In the present study, methylferulate (MF) was identified for the first time from Tamarix aucheriana. Spectral data were used for identification of MF. The potential of MF to control cell growth, cell cycle, apoptosis, generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), cancer cell invasion, nuclear factor kappa B (NFkB) DNA-binding activity and proteasomal activities, as well as the enhancement of chemosensitivity in human colorectal cancer cells, were evaluated. The possible molecular mechanism of MF’s therapeutic efficacy was also assessed. Methods Column chromatography and spectral data were used for isolation and identification of MF. MTT, immunofluorescence, flow cytometry, in vitro invasion, fluoremetry, EIA and Real time qPCR were used to measure antiproliferative, chemo-sensitizing effects and other biochemical parameters. Results MF showed a dose-dependent anti-proliferative effect on colorectal cancer cells (IC50 = 1.73 – 1.9 mM) with a nonsignificant cytotoxicity toward normal human fibroblast. Colony formation inhibition (P ≤ 0.001, 0.0001) confirmed the growth inhibition by MF. MF arrested cell cycle progression in the S and G2/M phases; induced apoptosis and ROS generation; and inhibited NF-kB DNA-binding activity, proteasomal activities and cell invasion in colorectal cancer cells. MF up-regulated cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors (p19 INK4D, p21WAF1/CIP1, p27KIP1), pro-apoptotic gene expression (Bax, Bad, Apaf1, Bid, Bim, Smac) and caspases (caspase 2, 3, 6, 7, 8, 9). Moreover, MF down-regulated cyclin-dependent kinases (Cdk1, Cdk2) and anti-apoptotic gene expression (c-IAP-1, c-IAP-2, Bcl2,FLIP). In addition, MF differentially potentiated the sensitivity of colorectal cancer cells to standard chemotherapeutic drugs. Conclusion MF showed a multifaceted anti-proliferative and chemosensitizing effects. These results suggest the chemotherapeutic and co-adjuvant potential of MF.
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Jianpi Huayu Decoction Inhibits Proliferation in Human Colorectal Cancer Cells (SW480) by Inducing G0/G1-Phase Cell Cycle Arrest and Apoptosis. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2015; 2015:236506. [PMID: 26457107 PMCID: PMC4589617 DOI: 10.1155/2015/236506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2015] [Accepted: 09/07/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Jianpi Huayu Decoction (JHD), a Chinese medicine formula, is a typical prescription against multiple tumors in the clinical treatment, which can raise quality of life and decrease complications. The aim of this study is to assess the efficacy of JHD against human colorectal carcinoma cells (SW480) and explore its mechanism. MTT assay showed that JHD decreased the cellular viability of SW480 cells in dose-dependent and time-dependent manner. Flow cytometry analysis revealed that JHD induced G0/G1-phase cell cycle arrest in SW480 cells and had a strong apoptosis-inducing effect on SW480 cells. Meanwhile it enhanced the expression of p27, cleaved PARP, cleaved caspase-3, and Bax and decreased the levels of PARP, caspase-3, Bcl-2, CDK2, CDK4, CDK6, cyclin D1, cyclin D2, cyclin D3, and cyclin E1, which was evidenced by RT-qPCR and Western blot analysis. In conclusion, these results indicated that JHD inhibited proliferation in SW480 cells by inducing G0/G1-phase cell cycle arrest and apoptosis, providing a practicaltherapeutic strategy against colorectal cancer.
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Zhang F, Mijiti M, Ding W, Song J, Yin Y, Sun W, Li Z. (+)‑Terrein inhibits human hepatoma Bel‑7402 proliferation through cell cycle arrest. Oncol Rep 2015; 33:1191-200. [PMID: 25592371 DOI: 10.3892/or.2015.3719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2014] [Accepted: 12/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatoma is a common malignant tumor. Thus, the development of a high‑efficacy therapeutic drug for hepatoma is required. In this study, (+)‑terrein isolated from the marine sponge‑derived Aspergillus terreus PF‑26 against cell growth, apoptosis and cell cycle were assessed by MTT and flow cytometry. mRNA array containing 73 cell cycle‑related genes and three cell morphology‑related genes was generated and its performance evaluated. The cell cycle pathway map was created using the pathview package. The results showed that (+)‑terrein inhibited the growth of Bel‑7402 cells with alterations in cell morphology and a reduced transcript expression of cell morphology genes (fibronectin, N‑cadherin, and vimentin). In addition, flow cytometric analysis revealed that (+)‑terrein arrested the Bel‑7402 cell cycle without inducing apoptosis. Based on multiple mRNA analysis, the downregulated expression of the CCND2, CCNE2, CDKN1C, CDKN2B, ANAPC, PKMYT1, CHEK2 and PCNA genes was observed in 10 µM (+)‑terrein‑treated Bel‑7402 cells (>2‑fold and P≤0.05), compared with the controls. Thus, the antiprolife-rative mechanism of (+)‑terrein against Bel‑7402 cells may be due to the cell cycle arrest by blocking cell cycle gene expression and changing cell morphology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengli Zhang
- Marine Biotechnology Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism and School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, P.R. China
| | - Meiheriguli Mijiti
- Marine Biotechnology Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism and School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, P.R. China
| | - Wei Ding
- Marine Biotechnology Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism and School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, P.R. China
| | - Jiale Song
- Marine Biotechnology Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism and School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, P.R. China
| | - Ying Yin
- Marine Biotechnology Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism and School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, P.R. China
| | - Wei Sun
- Marine Biotechnology Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism and School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, P.R. China
| | - Zhiyong Li
- Marine Biotechnology Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism and School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, P.R. China
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13
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Aloperine induces G2/M phase cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in HCT116 human colon cancer cells. Int J Mol Med 2014; 33:1613-20. [DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2014.1718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2013] [Accepted: 03/20/2014] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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14
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Ríos-Luci C, Bonifazi EL, León LG, Montero JC, Burton G, Pandiella A, Misico RI, Padrón JM. β-Lapachone analogs with enhanced antiproliferative activity. Eur J Med Chem 2012; 53:264-74. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2012.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2012] [Revised: 03/30/2012] [Accepted: 04/07/2012] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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15
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Hu W, Shen T, Wang MH. Cell cycle arrest and apoptosis induced by methyl 3,5-dicaffeoyl quinate in human colon cancer cells: Involvement of the PI3K/Akt and MAP kinase pathways. Chem Biol Interact 2011; 194:48-57. [PMID: 21872580 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2011.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2011] [Revised: 08/02/2011] [Accepted: 08/12/2011] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Methyl 3,5-dicaffeoyl quinate (MDQ) is a flavonoid glucoside found in several plants that scavenges 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radicals and peroxynitrite, and inhibits the formation of cholesteryl ester hydroperoxide during the copper ion-induced oxidation of blood plasma in rats. In this study, MDQ inhibited proliferation and induced apoptosis in HT-29 cells in a dose-dependent manner as detected by 1-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-3,5-diphenylformazan (MTT), trypan blue exclusion, and flow cytometric assays. Western blot analysis showed that apoptosis was dependent on caspase-3 activity. PARP cleavage and the cytosolic release of cytochrome c from mitochondria increased significantly. In addition, these events were accompanied by a collapse in the mitochondrial membrane potential and a decreased Bcl-2/Bax ratio. Furthermore, the MDQ-induced G(0)/G(1) arrest was correlated with an increase in p27 and a decrease in cyclin D1 and p53. MDQ also inhibited the phosphorylation of PI3K/Akt and ERK; significantly reduced NF-κB; and in general displayed a significant anti-proliferative effect via a cell cycle arrest and apoptotic induction in HT-29 cells. These results suggest that MDQ has therapeutic potential against human colon carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weicheng Hu
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, College of Biomedical Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon, Republic of Korea.
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16
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Fauré A, Thieffry D. Logical modelling of cell cycle control in eukaryotes: a comparative study. MOLECULAR BIOSYSTEMS 2009; 5:1569-81. [PMID: 19763341 DOI: 10.1039/b907562n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Dynamical modelling is at the core of the systems biology paradigm. However, the development of comprehensive quantitative models is complicated by the daunting complexity of regulatory networks controlling crucial biological processes such as cell division, the paucity of currently available quantitative data, as well as the limited reproducibility of large-scale experiments. In this context, qualitative modelling approaches offer a useful alternative or complementary framework to build and analyse simplified, but still rigorous dynamical models. This point is illustrated here by analysing recent logical models of the molecular network controlling mitosis in different organisms, from yeasts to mammals. After a short introduction covering cell cycle and logical modelling, we compare the assumptions and properties underlying these different models. Next, leaning on their transposition into a common logical framework, we compare their functional structure in terms of regulatory circuits. Finally, we discuss assets and prospects of qualitative approaches for the modelling of the cell cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrien Fauré
- Aix-Marseille University & INSERM U928-TAGC, Marseille, France.
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17
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Catania A, Grieco P, Randazzo A, Novellino E, Gatti S, Rossi C, Colombo G, Lipton JM. Three-dimensional structure of the alpha-MSH-derived candidacidal peptide [Ac-CKPV]2. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005; 66:19-26. [PMID: 15946192 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-3011.2005.00265.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Previous research has shown that the immunomodulatory peptide alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (alpha-MSH) and its carboxy-terminal tripeptide KPV (Lys-Pro-Val alpha-MSH11-13) have antimicrobial influences. By inserting a Cys-Cys linker between two units of KPV, we designed the dimer [Ac-CKPV]2 that showed excellent candidacidal effects in pilot tests and was the subject of further investigations. [Ac-CKPV]2 was active against azole-resistant Candida spp. Therefore, the molecule appeared a promising candidate for therapy of fungal infections and was the subject of a structural study. 1H-NMR and restrained mechanic and dynamic calculations suggest that the peptide adopts an extended backbone structure with a beta-turn-like structure. These results open a pathway to development of additional novel compounds that have candidacidal effects potentially useful against clinical infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Catania
- Division of Internal Medicine, Ospedale Maggiore di Milano IRCCS, 20122 Milano, Italy.
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18
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Nutley BP, Raynaud FI, Wilson SC, Fischer PM, Hayes A, Goddard PM, McClue SJ, Jarman M, Lane DP, Workman P. Metabolism and pharmacokinetics of the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor R-roscovitine in the mouse. Mol Cancer Ther 2005. [DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.125.4.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
R-roscovitine (seliciclib, CYC202) is a cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor currently in phase II clinical trials in patients with cancer. Here, we describe its mouse metabolism and pharmacokinetics as well as the identification of the principal metabolites in hepatic microsomes, plasma, and urine. Following microsomal incubation of R-roscovitine at 10 μg/mL (28 μmol/L) for 60 minutes, 86.7% of the parent drug was metabolized and 60% of this loss was due to formation of one particular metabolite. This was identified as the carboxylic acid resulting from oxidation of the hydroxymethyl group of the amino alcohol substituent at C2 of the purine core present in R-roscovitine. Identification was confirmed by chemical synthesis and comparison of an authentic sample of the R-roscovitine-derived carboxylate metabolite (COOH-R-roscovitine). Other minor metabolites were identified as C8-oxo-R-roscovitine and N9-desisopropyl-R-roscovitine; these accounted for 4.9% and 2.6% of the parent, respectively. The same metabolic pattern was observed in vivo, with a 4.5-fold lower AUC∞ for R-roscovitine (38μmol/L/h) than for COOH-R-roscovitine (174 μmol/L/h). Excretion of R-roscovitine in the urine up to 24 hours post-dosing accounted for an average of only 0.02% of the administered dose of 50 mg/kg, whereas COOH-R-roscovitine represented 65% to 68% of the dose irrespective of the route of administration (i.v., i.p., or p.o.). A partially deuterated derivative (R-roscovitine-d9) was synthesized to investigate if formation of COOH-R-roscovitine could be inhibited by replacement of metabolically labile protons with deuterium. After 60 minutes of incubation of R-roscovitine-d9 or R-roscovitine with mouse liver microsomes, formation of COOH-R-roscovitine-d9 was decreased by ∼24% compared with the production of COOH-R-roscovitine. In addition, the levels of R-roscovitine-d9 remaining were 33% higher than those of R-roscovitine. However, formation of several minor R-roscovitine metabolites was enhanced with R-roscovitine-d9, suggesting that metabolic switching from the major carbinol oxidation pathway had occurred. Synthetic COOH-R-roscovitine and C8-oxo-R-roscovitine were tested in functional cyclin-dependent kinase assays and shown to be less active than R-roscovitine, confirming that these metabolic reactions are deactivation pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernard P. Nutley
- 1Cancer Research UK Centre for Cancer Therapeutics, Institute of Cancer Research, Surrey, United Kingdom and
| | - Florence I. Raynaud
- 1Cancer Research UK Centre for Cancer Therapeutics, Institute of Cancer Research, Surrey, United Kingdom and
| | - Stuart C. Wilson
- 1Cancer Research UK Centre for Cancer Therapeutics, Institute of Cancer Research, Surrey, United Kingdom and
| | | | - Angela Hayes
- 1Cancer Research UK Centre for Cancer Therapeutics, Institute of Cancer Research, Surrey, United Kingdom and
| | - Phyllis M. Goddard
- 1Cancer Research UK Centre for Cancer Therapeutics, Institute of Cancer Research, Surrey, United Kingdom and
| | | | - Michael Jarman
- 1Cancer Research UK Centre for Cancer Therapeutics, Institute of Cancer Research, Surrey, United Kingdom and
| | | | - Paul Workman
- 1Cancer Research UK Centre for Cancer Therapeutics, Institute of Cancer Research, Surrey, United Kingdom and
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19
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McLaughlin F, Finn P, La Thangue NB. The cell cycle, chromatin and cancer: mechanism-based therapeutics come of age. Drug Discov Today 2003; 8:793-802. [PMID: 12946642 DOI: 10.1016/s1359-6446(03)02792-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Tumour cells grow and divide in an uncontrolled fashion. Recent advances in the cell cycle have uncovered new mechanisms that integrate growth and division with chromatin and gene expression control. Small-molecule drugs that target key enzyme classes involved in these pathways, the cyclin-dependent kinases (Cdk) in the cell cycle and histone deacetylases (HDAC) in chromatin control, have entered clinical studies, with emerging clinical efficacy. These new mechanism-based approaches could provide significant improvements over many current chemotherapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fiona McLaughlin
- TopoTarget Prolifix, 87a Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon, UK OX14 4RY
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20
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Brooks G, Yu XM, Wang Y, Crabbe MJC, Shattock MJ, Harper JV. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) inhibit vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation via differential effects on the cell cycle. J Pharm Pharmacol 2003; 55:519-26. [PMID: 12803774 DOI: 10.1211/002235702775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Abnormal vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) proliferation plays an important role in the pathogenesis of both atherosclerosis and restenosis. Recent studies suggest that high-dose salicylates, in addition to inhibiting cyclooxygenase activity, exert an antiproliferative effect on VSMC growth both in-vitro and in-vivo. However, whether all non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) exert similar antiproliferative effects on VSMCs, and do so via a common mechanism of action, remains to be shown. In this study, we demonstrate that the NSAIDs aspirin, sodium salicylate, diclofenac, ibuprofen, indometacin and sulindac induce a dose-dependent inhibition of proliferation in rat A10 VSMCs in the absence of significant cytotoxicity. Flow cytometric analyses showed that exposure of A10 cells to diclofenac, indometacin, ibuprofen and sulindac, in the presence of the mitotic inhibitor, nocodazole, led to a significant G0/G1 arrest. In contrast, the salicylates failed to induce a significant G1 arrest since flow cytometry profiles were not significantly different from control cells. Cyclin A levels were elevated, and hyperphosphorylated p107 was present at significant levels, in salicylate-treated A10 cells, consistent with a post-G1/S block, whereas cyclin A levels were low, and hypophosphorylated p107 was the dominant form, in cells treated with other NSAIDs consistent with a G1 arrest. The ubiquitously expressed cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) inhibitors, p21 and p27, were increased in all NSAID-treated cells. Our results suggest that diclofenac, indometacin, ibuprofen and sulindac inhibit VSMC proliferation by arresting the cell cycle in the G1 phase, whereas the growth inhibitory effect of salicylates probably affects the late S and/or G2/M phases. Irrespective of mechanism, our results suggest that NSAIDs might be of benefit in the treatment of certain vasculoproliferative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gavin Brooks
- Cardiovascular Research Group, Division of Cell and Molecular Biology, School of Animal and Microbial Sciences, The University of Reading, P.O. Box 228, Whiteknights, Reading, Berkshire RG6 6AJ, UK.
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21
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Abstract
With taxanes continuing to prove useful in the clinical treatment of cancer, the next generation of antimitotic agents has entered clinical trials. Other mechanisms awaiting proof-of-concept for the treatment of antiproliferative diseases include inhibition of cyclin-dependent kinases (Cdks). Flavopiridol and UCN-01 are continuing in clinical trials, and newer more selective Cdk inhibitors are now entering clinical evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter L Toogood
- Pfizer Global Research and Development 2800 Plymouth Road, Ann Arbor, MI 48105, USA.
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22
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Abstract
Protein kinases have a fundamental role in signal transduction pathways, and aberrant kinase activity has been observed in many diseases. In recent years, kinase inhibition has become a major area for therapeutic intervention and a variety of kinase inhibitor pharmacophores has been described. This review illustrates some of the efforts and results in the field of structure-based design of protein kinase inhibitors. The methods and results discussed here illustrate the power of structure-based design in lead discovery, for example via virtual screening and in guiding the optimization of the pharmacological properties of these molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanna Scapin
- Merck Research Laboratories, PO Box 2000, RY50 105, Rahway, NJ 07065, USA.
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23
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Bains W. Implications of the network structure of cellular control circuits for the design of anti-cancer vaccine therapies. Med Hypotheses 2002; 58:403-10. [PMID: 12056878 DOI: 10.1054/mehy.2001.1523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
I describe the use of a statistical mechanical model of a heirarchical network of failure-prone elements as a model for the failure of a network of interconnected biological elements that are or could be involved in the causation of cancer. From its topology, such a model predicts some of the properties of observed oncogene/tumour suppressor gene networks. I show that the same model suggests that a cancer vaccine strategy that targets 'key' network elements, such as p53 or RAS gene products, is not the only effective strategy for a broadly effective anti-cancer therapy. A mixed antigen or whole cell strategy could be as effective as single antigen vaccines, even if the latter are targeted at the most commonly mutated gene products.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Bains
- Amedis Pharmaceuticals, Cambridge, UK.
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24
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Sotillo R, Dubus P, Martín J, Cueva EDL, Ortega S, Malumbres M, Barbacid M. Wide spectrum of tumors in knock-in mice carrying a Cdk4 protein insensitive to INK4 inhibitors. EMBO J 2001; 20:6637-47. [PMID: 11726500 PMCID: PMC125323 DOI: 10.1093/emboj/20.23.6637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 149] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
We have introduced a point mutation in the first coding exon of the locus encoding the cyclin-dependent kinase 4 (Cdk4) by homologous recombination in embryonic stem cells. This mutation (replacement of Arg24 by Cys) was first found in patients with hereditary melanoma and renders Cdk4 insensitive to INK4 inhibitors. Here, we report that primary embryonic fibroblasts expressing the mutant Cdk4R24C kinase are immortal and susceptible to transformation by Ras oncogenes. Moreover, homozygous Cdk4(R24C/R24C) mutant mice develop multiple tumors with almost complete penetrance. The most common neoplasia (endocrine tumors and hemangiosarcomas) are similar to those found in pRb(+/-) and p53(-/-) mice. This Cdk4 mutation cooperates with p53 and p27(Kip1) deficiencies in decreasing tumor latency and favoring development of specific tumor types. These results provide experimental evidence for a central role of Cdk4 regulation in cancer and provide a valuable model for testing the potential anti-tumor effect of Cdk4 inhibitors in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Pierre Dubus
- Molecular Oncology Program, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Oncológicas, Melchor Fernández Almagro 3 E-28029 Madrid and Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, CSIC, Campus de Cantoblanco, E-28049, Madrid, Spain and
Laboratoire d’Histologie Embryologie, E.A. 2406, Université de Bordeaux 2, Bordeaux, France Corresponding author e-mail: R.Sotillo and P.Dubus contributed equally to this work
| | | | | | | | | | - Mariano Barbacid
- Molecular Oncology Program, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Oncológicas, Melchor Fernández Almagro 3 E-28029 Madrid and Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, CSIC, Campus de Cantoblanco, E-28049, Madrid, Spain and
Laboratoire d’Histologie Embryologie, E.A. 2406, Université de Bordeaux 2, Bordeaux, France Corresponding author e-mail: R.Sotillo and P.Dubus contributed equally to this work
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25
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Abstract
Tumour cells undergo uncontrolled proliferation, yet tumours most often originate from adult tissues, in which most cells are quiescent. So, the proliferative advantage of tumour cells arises from their ability to bypass quiescence. This can be due to increased mitogenic signalling and/or alterations that lower the threshold required for cell-cycle commitment. Understanding the molecular mechanisms that underlie this commitment should provide important insights into how normal cells become tumorigenic and how new anticancer strategies can be devised.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Malumbres
- Molecular Oncology Program, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Oncológicas, Madrid, Spain.
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26
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Furet P, Meyer T, Mittl P, Fretz H. Identification of cylin-dependent kinase 1 inhibitors of a new chemical type by structure-based design and database searching. J Comput Aided Mol Des 2001; 15:489-95. [PMID: 11394741 DOI: 10.1023/a:1011128510728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
We have selected cyclin-dependent kinase 1 (CDK1), an enzyme participating in the regulation of the cell cycle, as a target in our efforts to discover new antitumor agents. By exploiting available structural information, we designed an ATP-site directed ligand scaffold that allowed us to identify 4-(3-methyl-1,4-dioxo-1,4-dihydro-naphthalen-2-ylamino)-benzenesulfonamide as a new potent inhibitor of CDK1 in a subsequent database search. The synthesis and testing of some analogues confirmed the interest of this class of compounds as novel CDK1 inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Furet
- Novartis Pharma Inc., Oncology Research Department, Basel, Switzerland.
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27
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Lawrence RN, Tranter DA. News in brief. Drug Discov Today 2000. [DOI: 10.1016/s1359-6446(99)01442-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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