1
|
van der Heijden ME. Converging and Diverging Cerebellar Pathways for Motor and Social Behaviors in Mice. CEREBELLUM (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2024:10.1007/s12311-024-01706-w. [PMID: 38780757 DOI: 10.1007/s12311-024-01706-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Evidence from clinical and preclinical studies has shown that the cerebellum contributes to cognitive functions, including social behaviors. Now that the cerebellum's role in a wider range of behaviors has been confirmed, the question arises whether the cerebellum contributes to social behaviors via the same mechanisms with which it modulates movements. This review seeks to answer whether the cerebellum guides motor and social behaviors through identical pathways. It focuses on studies in which cerebellar cells, synapses, or genes are manipulated in a cell-type specific manner followed by testing of the effects on social and motor behaviors. These studies show that both anatomically restricted and cerebellar cortex-wide manipulations can lead to social impairments without abnormal motor control, and vice versa. These studies suggest that the cerebellum employs different cellular, synaptic, and molecular pathways for social and motor behaviors. Future studies warrant a focus on the diverging mechanisms by which the cerebellum contributes to a wide range of neural functions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Meike E van der Heijden
- Fralin Biomedical Research Institute, Virginia Tech Carilion, Roanoke, VA, USA.
- Center for Neurobiology Research, Virginia Tech Carilion, Roanoke, VA, USA.
- School of Neuroscience, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Sefik E, Guest RM, Aberizk K, Espana R, Goines K, Novacek DM, Murphy MM, Goldman-Yassen AE, Cubells JF, Ousley O, Li L, Shultz S, Walker EF, Mulle JG. Psychosis spectrum symptoms among individuals with schizophrenia-associated copy number variants and evidence of cerebellar correlates of symptom severity. Psychiatry Res 2024; 335:115867. [PMID: 38537595 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2024.115867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Revised: 03/14/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
The 3q29 deletion (3q29Del) is a copy number variant (CNV) with one of the highest effect sizes for psychosis-risk (>40-fold). Systematic research offers avenues for elucidating mechanism; however, compared to CNVs like 22q11.2Del, 3q29Del remains understudied. Emerging findings indicate that posterior fossa abnormalities are common among carriers, but their clinical relevance is unclear. We report the first in-depth evaluation of psychotic symptoms in participants with 3q29Del (N=23), using the Structured Interview for Psychosis-Risk Syndromes, and compare this profile to 22q11.2Del (N=31) and healthy controls (N=279). We also explore correlations between psychotic symptoms and posterior fossa abnormalities. Cumulatively, 48% of the 3q29Del sample exhibited a psychotic disorder or attenuated positive symptoms, with a subset meeting criteria for clinical high-risk. 3q29Del had more severe ratings than controls on all domains and only exhibited less severe ratings than 22q11.2Del in negative symptoms; ratings demonstrated select sex differences but no domain-wise correlations with IQ. An inverse relationship was identified between positive symptoms and cerebellar cortex volume in 3q29Del, documenting the first clinically-relevant neuroanatomical connection in this syndrome. Our findings characterize the profile of psychotic symptoms in the largest 3q29Del sample reported to date, contrast with another high-impact CNV, and highlight cerebellar involvement in psychosis-risk.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Esra Sefik
- Department of Human Genetics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA; Department of Psychology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Ryan M Guest
- Department of Psychology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Katrina Aberizk
- Department of Psychology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Roberto Espana
- Department of Psychology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Katrina Goines
- Department of Psychology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Derek M Novacek
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Desert Pacific Mental Illness, Research, Education, and Clinical Center, VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Melissa M Murphy
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Adam E Goldman-Yassen
- Department of Radiology, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA, USA; Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Joseph F Cubells
- Department of Human Genetics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Opal Ousley
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Longchuan Li
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA; Marcus Autism Center, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta and Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Sarah Shultz
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA; Marcus Autism Center, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta and Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Elaine F Walker
- Department of Psychology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Jennifer G Mulle
- Department of Psychiatry, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, NJ, USA; Center for Advanced Biotechnology and Medicine, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, NJ, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Kasatkin VN, Romanova EN, Glebova EV, Deviaterikova AA, Tolchennikova VV, Sharapkova AA, Manukyan PA, Karpova NM, Sarkisyan RA, Karelin AF. Effects of cognitive-motor intervention for pediatric posterior fossa tumor survivors: results of a pilot study. J Neurooncol 2024; 168:57-67. [PMID: 38489149 DOI: 10.1007/s11060-024-04636-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024]
Abstract
The purpose of this prospective pilot study was to evaluate the feasibility and effects of cognitive-motor intervention on the cognitive and motor abilities of pediatric survivors of posterior fossa tumors. The study involved patients aged 7 to 18 years with cognitive deficits who had completed primary treatment for posterior fossa tumors. 25 participants (Mage=11.3 ± 2.93, 64% male; 17 medulloblastoma, 1 ependymoma, 1 desmoplastic medulloblastoma, 6 piloid astrocytoma; 22 in remission (Mmonths =45), 3 in stabilization (Mmonths=49)) were recruited from the Research Institute for Brain Development and Peak Performance. The intervention consisted of two phases with a 3-month break for home training, and a total duration of 6 months. Each phase lasted 7 weeks and included two assessment procedures (pre- and post-intervention) and 10 training sessions over a period of 5 weeks (two 3-hour sessions per week). At baseline and pre- and post-intervention, all participants underwent a battery of cognitive and motor tests. Each training session included gross motor training (GMT), graphomotor training (GT), and cognitive-motor training (CMT). Statistical analysis was performed using the Friedman test for repeated measures and post-hoc Durbin-Conover test. The results indicated significant improvements in visuospatial working memory, visual attention, eye-hand coordination, semantic verbal fluency, auditory-motor synchronization, reaction time, and a decrease in the rate of ataxia. These improvements remained stable even in the absence of direct intervention. The findings demonstrate positive effects and feasibility of the intervention and suggest the need for further research in this area including randomized controlled feasibility studies with a larger sample.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir N Kasatkin
- Cognitive Development and Neurorehabilitation Foundation (Foundation CRANE), Moscow, Russia
| | - Elizaveta N Romanova
- Research Institute for Brain Development and Peak Performance, RUDN University, Moscow, Russia.
| | - Elena V Glebova
- Research Institute for Brain Development and Peak Performance, RUDN University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Alena A Deviaterikova
- Research Institute for Brain Development and Peak Performance, RUDN University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Vera V Tolchennikova
- Research Institute for Brain Development and Peak Performance, RUDN University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Anastasia A Sharapkova
- Research Institute for Brain Development and Peak Performance, RUDN University, Moscow, Russia
- Department of English Linguistics, Philological Faculty, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Piruza A Manukyan
- Research Institute for Brain Development and Peak Performance, RUDN University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Nadezhda M Karpova
- Research Institute for Brain Development and Peak Performance, RUDN University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Roza A Sarkisyan
- Research Institute for Brain Development and Peak Performance, RUDN University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexander F Karelin
- Dmitry Rogachev National Medical Research Center of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Immunology, Moscow, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Walsh KS, Pizer B, Samargia-Grivette S, Lux AL, Schmahmann JD, Hartley H, Avula S. Proceedings of the first global meeting of the Posterior Fossa Society: state of the art in cerebellar mutism syndrome. Childs Nerv Syst 2024:10.1007/s00381-024-06411-x. [PMID: 38647662 DOI: 10.1007/s00381-024-06411-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE The Posterior Fossa Society, an international multidisciplinary group, hosted its first global meeting designed to share the current state of the evidence across the multidisciplinary elements of pediatric post-operative cerebellar mutism syndrome (pCMS). The agenda included keynote talks from world-leading speakers, compelling abstract presentations and engaging discussions led by members of the PFS special interest groups. METHODS This paper is a synopsis of the first global meeting, a 3-day program held in Liverpool, England, UK, in September 2022. RESULTS Topics included nosology, patient and family experience, cerebellar modulation of cognition, and cerebellar cognitive affective syndrome. In addition, updates from large-scale studies were shared as well as abstracts across neuroradiology, neurosurgery, diagnosis/scoring, ataxia, and rehabilitation. CONCLUSIONS Based on data-driven evidence and discussions, each special interest group created research priorities to target before the second global meeting, in the spring of 2024.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karin S Walsh
- , 15254 Shady Grove Road, Rockville, MD, 20850, USA.
- The George Washington University School of Medicine and Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC, USA.
| | - Barry Pizer
- Oncology Department, Alder Hey Children's NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, UK
| | | | - Andrew L Lux
- Department of Paediatric Neurology, Bristol Royal Hospital for Children, Bristol, UK
| | - Jeremy D Schmahmann
- Ataxia Center, Cognitive Behavioral Neurology Unit, Laboratory for Neuroanatomy and Cerebellar Neurobiology, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
| | - Helen Hartley
- Department of Physiotherapy, Alder Hey Children's NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, UK
| | - Shivaram Avula
- Department of Radiology, Alder Hey Children's NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, UK
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Liu Q, Zhang Y, Liu C, Chen Y, Zhang Y. Reduced cerebral blood flow and cognitive dysfunction following isolated cerebellar infarction: two case reports. J Int Med Res 2024; 52:3000605241235848. [PMID: 38513145 PMCID: PMC10958817 DOI: 10.1177/03000605241235848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Cognitive impairment in focal cerebellar disorders has been widely recognized and is described as cerebellar cognitive affective syndrome (CCAS). However, the relationship between CCAS and crossed cerebello-cerebral diaschisis (CCD) has rarely been discussed. The present report describes the uncommon phenomenon of CCD in two cases with isolated cerebellar infarction, and discuss its contribution to cognitive impairment. Cognitive performance was examined using the CCAS scale and a battery of neuropsychological assessments. Moreover, the relative distribution of cerebral and cerebellar blood flow was measured using three-dimensional arterial spin labeling imaging. Case 1 showed deficits in general cognition and had impaired language, episodic memory, and executive function. Case 2 showed deficits in general cognition at baseline, and cognitive deterioration of visuospatial abilities, language, episodic memory, and executive function was observed at the 3-month follow-up. Both cases met the diagnosis criteria of CCAS. Reduced cerebral blood flow was observed in the cerebral hemisphere contralateral to the cerebellar infarction at baseline in Case 1, and at the 3-month follow-up in Case 2. The present report describes cognitive decline after isolated cerebellar infarction in combination with contralateral cerebral hypoperfusion, as measured using quantitative arterial spin labeling. One possible mechanism involves the functional depression of cerebello-cerebral pathways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qi Liu
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yingkui Zhang
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Chang Liu
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yu Chen
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Department of Neurology, Memory and Aging Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, USA
| | - Yumei Zhang
- Department of Rehabilitation, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Selvadurai LP, Perlman SL, Ashizawa T, Wilmot GR, Onyike CU, Rosenthal LS, Shakkottai VG, Paulson HL, Subramony SH, Bushara KO, Kuo SH, Dietiker C, Geschwind MD, Nelson AB, Gomez CM, Opal P, Zesiewicz TA, Hawkins T, Yacoubian TA, Nopoulos PC, Sha SJ, Morrison PE, Figueroa KP, Pulst SM, Schmahmann JD. The Cerebellar Cognitive Affective/Schmahmann Syndrome Scale in Spinocerebellar Ataxias. CEREBELLUM (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2024:10.1007/s12311-023-01651-0. [PMID: 38165578 DOI: 10.1007/s12311-023-01651-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/04/2024]
Abstract
The Cerebellar Cognitive Affective/Schmahmann Syndrome (CCAS) manifests as impaired executive control, linguistic processing, visual spatial function, and affect regulation. The CCAS has been described in the spinocerebellar ataxias (SCAs), but its prevalence is unknown. We analyzed results of the CCAS/Schmahmann Scale (CCAS-S), developed to detect and quantify CCAS, in two natural history studies of 309 individuals Symptomatic for SCA1, SCA2, SCA3, SCA6, SCA7, or SCA8, 26 individuals Pre-symptomatic for SCA1 or SCA3, and 37 Controls. We compared total raw scores, domain scores, and total fail scores between Symptomatic, Pre-symptomatic, and Control cohorts, and between SCA types. We calculated scale sensitivity and selectivity based on CCAS category designation among Symptomatic individuals and Controls, and correlated CCAS-S performance against age and education, and in Symptomatic patients, against genetic repeat length, onset age, disease duration, motor ataxia, depression, and fatigue. Definite CCAS was identified in 46% of the Symptomatic group. False positive rate among Controls was 5.4%. Symptomatic individuals had poorer global CCAS-S performance than Controls, accounting for age and education. The domains of semantic fluency, phonemic fluency, and category switching that tap executive function and linguistic processing consistently separated Symptomatic individuals from Controls. CCAS-S scores correlated most closely with motor ataxia. Controls were similar to Pre-symptomatic individuals whose nearness to symptom onset was unknown. The use of the CCAS-S identifies a high CCAS prevalence in a large cohort of SCA patients, underscoring the utility of the scale and the notion that the CCAS is the third cornerstone of clinical ataxiology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Louisa P Selvadurai
- Department of Neurology, Ataxia Center, Cognitive Behavioral Neurology Unit, Laboratory for Neuroanatomy and Cerebellar Neurobiology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 100 Cambridge Street, Suite 2000, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Susan L Perlman
- Department of Neurology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Tetsuo Ashizawa
- Department of Neurology, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, USA
| | - George R Wilmot
- Department of Neurology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Chiadi U Onyike
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Liana S Rosenthal
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Vikram G Shakkottai
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Henry L Paulson
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Sub H Subramony
- Department of Neurology, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Khalaf O Bushara
- Department of Neurology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Sheng-Han Kuo
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Cameron Dietiker
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | - Alexandra B Nelson
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | - Puneet Opal
- Department of Neurology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Theresa A Zesiewicz
- Department of Neurology, University of South Florida Ataxia Research Center, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Trevor Hawkins
- Department of Neurology, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Talene A Yacoubian
- Department of Neurology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Peggy C Nopoulos
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Sharon J Sha
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Peter E Morrison
- Department of Neurology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Karla P Figueroa
- Department of Neurology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Stefan M Pulst
- Department of Neurology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Jeremy D Schmahmann
- Department of Neurology, Ataxia Center, Cognitive Behavioral Neurology Unit, Laboratory for Neuroanatomy and Cerebellar Neurobiology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 100 Cambridge Street, Suite 2000, Boston, MA, 02114, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Epifani F, Pujol Serra SM, Llorens M, Balcells S, Nolasco G, Bolasell M, Aguilera-Albesa S, Cancho Candela R, Cuevas Cervera JL, García Sánchez V, Garcia O, Miranda-Herrero MC, Moreno-Lozano PJ, Robles B, Roldán Aparicio S, Velázquez Fragua R, Serrano M. Untangling adaptive functioning of PMM2-CDG across age and its impact on parental stress: a cross-sectional study. Sci Rep 2023; 13:22783. [PMID: 38129426 PMCID: PMC10739927 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-49518-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Phosphomannomutase deficiency (PMM2-CDG) leads to cerebellar atrophy with ataxia, dysmetria, and intellectual deficits. Despite advances in therapy, the cognitive and adaptive profile remains unknown. Our study explores the adaptive profile of 37 PMM2-CDG patients, examining its association with parental stress and medical characteristics. Assessment tools included ICARS for the cerebellar syndrome and NPCRS for global disease severity. Behavioral and adaptive evaluation consisted of the Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scale and the Health of the Nation Outcome Scales. Psychopathological screening involved the Child Behavior Checklist and the Symptom Check-List-90-R. Parental stress was evaluated using Parental Stress Index. Results were correlated with clinical features. No significant age or sex differences were found. 'Daily living skills' were notably affected. Patients severely affected exhibited lower adaptive skill values, as did those with lipodystrophy and inverted nipples. Greater severity in motor cerebellar syndrome, behavioral disturbances and the presence of comorbidities such as hyperactivity, autistic features and moderate-to-severe intellectual disability correlated with greater parental stress. Our study found no decline in adaptive abilities. We provide tools to assess adaptive deficits in PMM2-CDG patients, emphasizing the importance of addressing communication, daily living skills, and autonomy, and their impact on parental stress in clinical monitoring and future therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Florencia Epifani
- Neuropediatric Department, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Marta Llorens
- Pediatric Mental Health Department, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sol Balcells
- Department of Statistics, Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Gregorio Nolasco
- Neuropediatric Department, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mercè Bolasell
- Department of Genetic and Molecular Medicine IPER, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Ramon Cancho Candela
- Servicio de Pediatría, Hospital Universitario Rio Hortega, Universidad de Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain
| | | | | | - Oscar Garcia
- Department of Pediatrics, Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Salud, Toledo, Spain
| | | | - Pedro J Moreno-Lozano
- Internal Medicine Department, Muscular and Inherited Metabolic Disorders Adults Unit, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Bernabé Robles
- Neurology Department, Hospital de Sant Boi, Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu, Sant Boi, Spain
| | | | | | - Mercedes Serrano
- Neuropediatric Department, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain.
- U-703 Centre for Biomedical Research On Rare Diseases (CIBER-ER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Passeig Sant Joan de Déu, 2, Esplugues, 08950, Barcelona, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Shinn AK, Hurtado-Puerto AM, Roh YS, Ho V, Hwang M, Cohen BM, Öngür D, Camprodon JA. Cerebellar transcranial magnetic stimulation in psychotic disorders: intermittent, continuous, and sham theta-burst stimulation on time perception and symptom severity. Front Psychiatry 2023; 14:1218321. [PMID: 38025437 PMCID: PMC10679721 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1218321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The cerebellum contributes to the precise timing of non-motor and motor functions, and cerebellum abnormalities have been implicated in psychosis pathophysiology. In this study, we explored the effects of cerebellar theta burst stimulation (TBS), an efficient transcranial magnetic stimulation protocol, on temporal discrimination and self-reported mood and psychotic symptoms. Methods We conducted a case-crossover study in which patients with psychosis (schizophrenias, schizoaffective disorders, or bipolar disorders with psychotic features) were assigned to three sessions of TBS to the cerebellar vermis: one session each of intermittent (iTBS), continuous (cTBS), and sham TBS. Of 28 enrolled patients, 26 underwent at least one TBS session, and 20 completed all three. Before and immediately following TBS, participants rated their mood and psychotic symptoms and performed a time interval discrimination task (IDT). We hypothesized that cerebellar iTBS and cTBS would modulate these measures in opposing directions, with iTBS being adaptive and cTBS maladaptive. Results Reaction time (RT) in the IDT decreased significantly after iTBS vs. Sham (LS-mean difference = -73.3, p = 0.0001, Cohen's d = 1.62), after iTBS vs. cTBS (LS-mean difference = -137.6, p < 0.0001, d = 2.03), and after Sham vs. cTBS (LS-mean difference = -64.4, p < 0.0001, d = 1.33). We found no effect on IDT accuracy. We did not observe any effects on symptom severity after correcting for multiple comparisons. Conclusion We observed a frequency-dependent dissociation between the effects of iTBS vs. cTBS to the cerebellar midline on the reaction time of interval discrimination in patients with psychosis. iTBS showed improved (adaptive) while cTBS led to worsening (maladaptive) speed of response. These results demonstrate behavioral target engagement in a cognitive dimension of relevance to patients with psychosis and generate testable hypotheses about the potential therapeutic role of cerebellar iTBS in this clinical population. Clinical Trial Registration clinicaltrials.gov, identifier NCT02642029.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ann K. Shinn
- Psychotic Disorders Division, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, United States
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Aura M. Hurtado-Puerto
- Laboratory for Neuropsychiatry and Neuromodulation, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Youkyung S. Roh
- Psychotic Disorders Division, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, United States
| | - Victoria Ho
- Laboratory for Neuropsychiatry and Neuromodulation, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Melissa Hwang
- Psychotic Disorders Division, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, United States
| | - Bruce M. Cohen
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- Program for Neuropsychiatric Research, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, United States
| | - Dost Öngür
- Psychotic Disorders Division, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, United States
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Joan A. Camprodon
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- Laboratory for Neuropsychiatry and Neuromodulation, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Kang Q, Lang EJ, Sahin M. Transsynaptic entrainment of cerebellar nuclear cells by alternating currents in a frequency dependent manner. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1282322. [PMID: 38027520 PMCID: PMC10667418 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1282322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS) is a non-invasive neuromodulation technique that is being tested clinically for treatment of a variety of neural disorders. Animal studies investigating the underlying mechanisms of tACS are scarce, and nearly absent in the cerebellum. In the present study, we applied 10-400 Hz alternating currents (AC) to the cerebellar cortex in ketamine/xylazine anesthetized rats. The spiking activity of cerebellar nuclear (CN) cells was transsynaptically entrained to the frequency of AC stimulation in an intensity and frequency-dependent manner. Interestingly, there was a tuning curve for modulation where the frequencies in the midrange (100 and 150 Hz) were more effective, although the stimulation frequency for maximum modulation differed for each CN cell with slight dependence on the stimulation amplitude. CN spikes were entrained with latencies of a few milliseconds with respect to the AC stimulation cycle. These short latencies and that the transsynaptic modulation of the CN cells can occur at such high frequencies strongly suggests that PC simple spike synchrony at millisecond time scales is the underlying mechanism for CN cell entrainment. These results show that subthreshold AC stimulation can induce such PC spike synchrony without resorting to supra-threshold pulse stimulation for precise timing. Transsynaptic entrainment of deep CN cells via cortical stimulation could help keep stimulation currents within safety limits in tACS applications, allowing development of tACS as an alternative treatment to deep cerebellar stimulation. Our results also provide a possible explanation for human trials of cerebellar stimulation where the functional impacts of tACS were frequency dependent.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qi Kang
- Biomedical Engineering Department, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ, United States
| | - Eric J. Lang
- Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, Neuroscience Institute, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York City, NY, United States
| | - Mesut Sahin
- Biomedical Engineering Department, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ, United States
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Schmahmann JD. Ferdinando Rossi Lecture: the Cerebellar Cognitive Affective Syndrome-Implications and Future Directions. CEREBELLUM (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2023; 22:947-953. [PMID: 35948744 DOI: 10.1007/s12311-022-01456-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The notion that the cerebellum is devoted exclusively to motor control has been replaced by a more sophisticated understanding of its role in neurological function, one that includes cognition and emotion. Early clinical reports, as well as physiological and behavioral studies in animal models, raised the possibility of a nonmotor role for the cerebellum. Anatomical studies demonstrate cerebellar connectivity with the distributed neural circuits linked with autonomic, sensorimotor, vestibular, associative and limbic/paralimbic brain areas. Identification of the cerebellar cognitive affective syndrome in adults and children underscored the clinical relevance of the role of the cerebellum in cognition and emotion. It opened new avenues of investigation into higher order deficits that accompany the ataxias and other cerebellar diseases, as well as the contribution of cerebellar dysfunction to neuropsychiatric and neurocognitive disorders. Brain imaging studies demonstrate the complexity of cerebellar functional topography, revealing a double representation of the sensorimotor cerebellum in the anterior lobe and lobule VIII and a triple cognitive representation in the cerebellar posterior lobe, as well as representation in the cerebellum of the intrinsic connectivity networks identified in the cerebral hemispheres. This paradigm shift in thinking about the cerebellum has been advanced by the theories of dysmetria of thought and the universal cerebellar transform, harmonizing the dual anatomic realities of homogeneously repeating cerebellar cortical microcircuitry set against the heterogeneous and topographically arranged cerebellar connections with extracerebellar structures. This new appreciation of the cerebellar incorporation into circuits that subserve cognition and emotion enables deeper understanding and improved care of our patients with cerebellar ataxias and novel cerebellar-based approaches to therapy in neuropsychiatry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy D Schmahmann
- Ataxia Center, Cognitive Behavioral Neurology Unit, Laboratory for Neuroanatomy and Cerebellar Neurobiology, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 100 Cambridge Street, Suite 2000, Boston, MA, 02114, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Borges MS, Hoffmann MS, Simioni A, Axelrud LK, Teixeira DS, Zugman A, Jackowski A, Pan PM, Bressan RA, Parker N, Germann J, Bado PP, Satterthwaite TD, Milham MP, Chakravarty MM, Paim Rohde LA, Constantino Miguel E, Paus T, Salum GA. Deviations from a typical development of the cerebellum in youth are associated with psychopathology, executive functions and educational outcomes. Psychol Med 2023; 53:5698-5708. [PMID: 36226568 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291722002926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Understanding deviations from typical brain development is a promising approach to comprehend pathophysiology in childhood and adolescence. We investigated if cerebellar volumes different than expected for age and sex could predict psychopathology, executive functions and academic achievement. METHODS Children and adolescents aged 6-17 years from the Brazilian High-Risk Cohort Study for Mental Conditions had their cerebellar volume estimated using Multiple Automatically Generated Templates from T1-weighted images at baseline (n = 677) and at 3-year follow-up (n = 447). Outcomes were assessed using the Child Behavior Checklist and standardized measures of executive functions and school achievement. Models of typically developing cerebellum were based on a subsample not exposed to risk factors and without mental-health conditions (n = 216). Deviations from this model were constructed for the remaining individuals (n = 461) and standardized variation from age and sex trajectory model was used to predict outcomes in cross-sectional, longitudinal and mediation analyses. RESULTS Cerebellar volumes higher than expected for age and sex were associated with lower externalizing specific factor and higher executive functions. In a longitudinal analysis, deviations from typical development at baseline predicted inhibitory control at follow-up, and cerebellar deviation changes from baseline to follow-up predicted changes in reading and writing abilities. The association between deviations in cerebellar volume and academic achievement was mediated by inhibitory control. CONCLUSIONS Deviations in the cerebellar typical development are associated with outcomes in youth that have long-lasting consequences. This study highlights both the potential of typical developing models and the important role of the cerebellum in mental health, cognition and education.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marina S Borges
- Graduate Program in Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, rua Ramiro Barcelos 2350, Porto Alegre, 90035-003, Brazil
| | - Maurício S Hoffmann
- Graduate Program in Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, rua Ramiro Barcelos 2350, Porto Alegre, 90035-003, Brazil
- Section on Negative Affect and Social Processes, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Avenida Roraima 1000, Santa Maria, 97105-900, Brazil
| | - André Simioni
- Graduate Program in Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, rua Ramiro Barcelos 2350, Porto Alegre, 90035-003, Brazil
- Section on Negative Affect and Social Processes, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Luiza K Axelrud
- Graduate Program in Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, rua Ramiro Barcelos 2350, Porto Alegre, 90035-003, Brazil
- Section on Negative Affect and Social Processes, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Danielle S Teixeira
- Graduate Program in Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, rua Ramiro Barcelos 2350, Porto Alegre, 90035-003, Brazil
- Section on Negative Affect and Social Processes, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - André Zugman
- National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Laboratório Interdisciplinar de Neurociências Integrativas (LiNC), Departamento de Psiquiatria, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Andrea Jackowski
- Laboratório Interdisciplinar de Neurociências Integrativas (LiNC), Departamento de Psiquiatria, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Pedro M Pan
- Laboratório Interdisciplinar de Neurociências Integrativas (LiNC), Departamento de Psiquiatria, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo A Bressan
- Laboratório Interdisciplinar de Neurociências Integrativas (LiNC), Departamento de Psiquiatria, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Nadine Parker
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Jurgen Germann
- University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Cerebral Imaging Centre, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Patrícia P Bado
- Graduate Program in Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, rua Ramiro Barcelos 2350, Porto Alegre, 90035-003, Brazil
- Section on Negative Affect and Social Processes, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | | | - Michael P Milham
- Nathan S. Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Orangeburg, NY 10962, USA
- Center for the Developing Brain, Child Mind Institute, New York, NY 10022, USA
| | - M Mallar Chakravarty
- Cerebral Imaging Centre, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Biological and Biomedical Engineering, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Luis Augusto Paim Rohde
- Graduate Program in Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, rua Ramiro Barcelos 2350, Porto Alegre, 90035-003, Brazil
- National Institute of Developmental Psychiatry for Children and Adolescents (INCT-CNPq), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Eurípedes Constantino Miguel
- National Institute of Developmental Psychiatry for Children and Adolescents (INCT-CNPq), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
- Universidade de São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Tomas Paus
- Departments of Psychology and Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Centre hospitalier universitaire Sainte-Justine, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Giovanni A Salum
- Graduate Program in Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, rua Ramiro Barcelos 2350, Porto Alegre, 90035-003, Brazil
- Section on Negative Affect and Social Processes, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- National Institute of Developmental Psychiatry for Children and Adolescents (INCT-CNPq), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
- Department of Psychiatry and Legal Medicine, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Ramiro Barcelos 2350, Porto Alegre, 90035-003, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Kulkarni M, Kent JS, Park K, Guell X, Anteraper S. Resting-state functional connectivity-based parcellation of the human dentate nucleus: new findings and clinical relevance. Brain Struct Funct 2023; 228:1799-1810. [PMID: 37439862 DOI: 10.1007/s00429-023-02665-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/14/2023]
Abstract
For years, the cerebellum was left out of functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies due to technological limitations. The advent of novel data acquisition and reconstruction strategies (e.g., whole-brain simultaneous multi-slice imaging) employing multi-channel array coils has overcome such limitations, ushering unprecedented improvements in temporal signal-to-noise ratio and spatiotemporal resolution. Here, we aim to provide a brief report on the deep cerebellar nuclei, specifically focusing on the dentate nuclei, the primary output nuclei, situated within both cognitive and motor cerebello-cerebral circuits. We highlight the importance of functional parcellation in refining our understanding of broad resting-state functional connectivity (RSFC) in both health and disease. First, we review work relevant to the functional topography of the dentate nuclei, including recent advances in functional parcellation. Next, we review RSFC studies using the dentate nuclei as seed regions of interest in neurological and psychiatric populations and discuss the potential benefits of applying functionally defined subdivisions. Finally, we discuss recent technological advances and underscore ultrahigh-field neuroimaging as a tool to potentiate functionally parcellated RSFC analyses in clinical populations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maitreyee Kulkarni
- Department of Psychology, School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, USA
| | - Jerillyn S Kent
- Department of Psychology, School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, USA
| | - Katie Park
- University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL, USA
| | - Xavier Guell
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sheeba Anteraper
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 2201 Inwood Road, Dallas, TX, USA.
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Kubo R, Yoshida T, Yamaoka K, Hashimoto K. The indirect corticopontine pathway relays perioral sensory signals to the cerebellum via the mesodiencephalic junction. iScience 2023; 26:107301. [PMID: 37539042 PMCID: PMC10393762 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.107301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Revised: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023] Open
Abstract
In the cerebro-cerebellar loop, outputs from the cerebral cortex are thought to be transmitted via monosynaptic corticopontine gray (PG) pathways and subsequently relayed to the cerebellum. However, it is unclear whether this pathway is used constitutively for cerebro-cerebellar transduction. We examined perioral sensory pathways by unit recording from Purkinje cells in ketamine/xylazine-anesthetized mice. Infraorbital nerve stimulations enhanced simple spikes (SSs) with short and long latencies (first and second peaks), followed by SS inhibition. The second peak and SS inhibition were suppressed by muscimol (a GABAA agonist) injections into not only the PG but also the mesodiencephalic junction (MDJ). The pathway from the secondary somatosensory area (SII) to the MDJ, but not the cortico-PG pathway, transmitted the second peak signals. SS inhibition was processed in the SII and primary motor area. Thus, the indirect cortico-PG pathway, via the MDJ, is recruited for perioral sensory transduction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Reika Kubo
- Department of Neurophysiology, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima 734-8551, Japan
| | - Takayuki Yoshida
- Department of Neurophysiology, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima 734-8551, Japan
| | - Kenji Yamaoka
- Department of Neurophysiology, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima 734-8551, Japan
| | - Kouichi Hashimoto
- Department of Neurophysiology, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima 734-8551, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Abstract
Introduction: Regional hypermetabolism in Alzheimer's disease (AD), especially in the cerebellum, has been consistently observed but often neglected as an artefact produced by the commonly used proportional scaling procedure in the statistical parametric mapping. We hypothesize that the hypermetabolic regions are also important in disease pathology in AD. Methods: Using fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG)-positron emission tomography (PET) images from 88 AD subjects and 88 age-sex matched normal controls (NL) from the publicly available Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative database, we developed a general linear model-based classifier that differentiated AD patients from normal individuals (sensitivity = 87.50%, specificity = 82.95%). We constructed region-region group-wise correlation matrices and evaluated differences in network organization by using the graph theory analysis between AD and control subjects. Results: We confirmed that hypermetabolism found in AD is not an artefact by replicating it using white matter as the reference region. The role of the hypermetabolic regions has been further investigated by using the graph theory. The differences in betweenness centrality (BC) between AD and NL network were correlated with region weights of FDG PET-based AD classifier. In particular, the hypermetabolism in cerebellum was accompanied with higher BC. The brain regions with higher BC in AD network showed a progressive increase in FDG uptake over 2 years in prodromal AD patients (n = 39). Discussion: This study suggests that hypermetabolism found in AD may play an important role in forming the AD-related metabolic network. In particular, hypermetabolic cerebellar regions represent a good candidate for further investigation in altered network organization in AD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vinay Gupta
- Graduate Program in Biomedical Engineering, Price Faculty of Engineering, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
- Neuroscience Research Program, Kleysen Institute for Advanced Medicine, Health Sciences Centre, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Samuel Booth
- Neuroscience Research Program, Kleysen Institute for Advanced Medicine, Health Sciences Centre, Winnipeg, Canada
- Department of Human Anatomy and Cell Science, Max Rady College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Ji Hyun Ko
- Graduate Program in Biomedical Engineering, Price Faculty of Engineering, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
- Neuroscience Research Program, Kleysen Institute for Advanced Medicine, Health Sciences Centre, Winnipeg, Canada
- Department of Human Anatomy and Cell Science, Max Rady College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Simona K, Veronika M, Zahinoor I, Martin V. Neuropsychiatric symptoms in spinocerebellar ataxias and Friedreich ataxia. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2023; 150:105205. [PMID: 37137435 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2023.105205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Revised: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/29/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Apart from its role in motor coordination, the importance of the cerebellum in cognitive and affective processes has been recognized in the past few decades. Spinocerebellar ataxias (SCA) and Friedreich ataxia (FRDA) are rare neurodegenerative diseases of the cerebellum presenting mainly with a progressive loss of gait and limb coordination, dysarthria, and other motor disturbances, but also a range of cognitive and neuropsychiatric symptoms. This narrative review summarizes the current knowledge on neuropsychiatric impairment in SCA and FRDA. We discuss the prevalence, clinical features and treatment approaches in the most commonly reported domains of depression, anxiety, apathy, agitation and impulse dyscontrol, and psychosis. Since these symptoms have a considerable impact on patients' quality of life, we argue that further research is mandated to improve the detection and treatment options of neuropsychiatric co-morbidities in ataxia patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karamazovova Simona
- Center of Hereditary Ataxias, Department of Neurology, 2nd Faculty of Medicine and Motol University Hospital, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Matuskova Veronika
- Center of Hereditary Ataxias, Department of Neurology, 2nd Faculty of Medicine and Motol University Hospital, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Ismail Zahinoor
- Departments of Psychiatry, Clinical Neurosciences, and Community Health Sciences, Cumming School of Medicine; Hotchkiss Brain Institute and O'Brien Institute of Public Health, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Vyhnalek Martin
- Center of Hereditary Ataxias, Department of Neurology, 2nd Faculty of Medicine and Motol University Hospital, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Allen MT. Weaker situations: Uncertainty reveals individual differences in learning: Implications for PTSD. COGNITIVE, AFFECTIVE & BEHAVIORAL NEUROSCIENCE 2023:10.3758/s13415-023-01077-5. [PMID: 36944865 DOI: 10.3758/s13415-023-01077-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/23/2023]
Abstract
Few individuals who experience trauma develop posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Therefore, the identification of individual differences that signal increased risk for PTSD is important. Lissek et al. (2006) proposed using a weak rather than a strong situation to identify individual differences. A weak situation involves less-salient cues as well as some degree of uncertainty, which reveal individual differences. A strong situation involves salient cues with little uncertainty, which produce consistently strong responses. Results from fear conditioning studies that support this hypothesis are discussed briefly. This review focuses on recent findings from three learning tasks: classical eyeblink conditioning, avoidance learning, and a computer-based task. These tasks are interpreted as weaker learning situations in that they involve some degree of uncertainty. Individual differences in learning based on behavioral inhibition, which is a risk factor for PTSD, are explored. Specifically, behaviorally inhibited individuals and rodents (i.e., Wistar Kyoto rats), as well as individuals expressing PTSD symptoms, exhibit enhanced eyeblink conditioning. Behaviorally inhibited rodents also demonstrate enhanced avoidance responding (i.e., lever pressing). Both enhanced eyeblink conditioning and avoidance are most evident with schedules of partial reinforcement. Behaviorally inhibited individuals also performed better on reward and punishment trials than noninhibited controls in a probabilistic category learning task. Overall, the use of weaker situations with uncertain relationships may be more ecologically valid than learning tasks in which the aversive event occurs on every trial and may provide more sensitivity for identifying individual differences in learning for those at risk for, or expressing, PTSD symptoms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Todd Allen
- School of Psychological Sciences, University of Northern Colorado, Greeley, CO, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Laidi C, Neu N, Watilliaux A, Martinez-Teruel A, Razafinimanana M, Boisgontier J, Hotier S, d'Albis MA, Delorme R, Amestoy A, Holiga Š, Moal MLL, Coupé P, Leboyer M, Houenou J, Rondi-Reig L, Paradis AL. Preserved navigation abilities and spatio-temporal memory in individuals with autism spectrum disorder. Autism Res 2023; 16:280-293. [PMID: 36495045 DOI: 10.1002/aur.2865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Cerebellar abnormalities have been reported in autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Beyond its role in hallmark features of ASD, the cerebellum and its connectivity with forebrain structures also play a role in navigation. However, the current understanding of navigation abilities in ASD is equivocal, as is the impact of the disorder on the functional anatomy of the cerebellum. In the present study, we investigated the navigation behavior of a population of ASD and typically developing (TD) adults related to their brain anatomy as assessed by structural and functional MRI at rest. We used the Starmaze task, which permits assessing and distinguishing two complex navigation behaviors, one based on allocentric learning and the other on egocentric learning of a route with multiple decision points. Compared to TD controls, individuals with ASD showed similar exploration, learning, and strategy performance and preference. In addition, there was no difference in the structural or functional anatomy of the cerebellar circuits involved in navigation between the two groups. The findings of our work suggest that navigation abilities, spatio-temporal memory, and their underlying circuits are preserved in individuals with ASD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Charles Laidi
- Univ Paris Est Créteil, INSERM U955, IMRB, Translational Neuro-Psychiatry, Créteil, France.,AP-HP, Hôpitaux Universitaires Henri Mondor, Département Médico-Universitaire de Psychiatrie et d'Addictologie (DMU IMPACT), Fédération Hospitalo-Universitaire de Médecine de Précision en Psychiatrie (FHU ADAPT), Créteil, France.,Fondation fondaMental, Hôpital Albert Chenevier, Créteil, France.,UNIACT, Psychiatry Team, Neurospin Neuroimaging Platform, CEA Saclay, Gif-Sur-Yvette, France
| | - Nathan Neu
- AP-HP, Hôpitaux Universitaires Henri Mondor, Département Médico-Universitaire de Psychiatrie et d'Addictologie (DMU IMPACT), Fédération Hospitalo-Universitaire de Médecine de Précision en Psychiatrie (FHU ADAPT), Créteil, France.,UNIACT, Psychiatry Team, Neurospin Neuroimaging Platform, CEA Saclay, Gif-Sur-Yvette, France
| | - Aurélie Watilliaux
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Inserm, IBPS, Neurosciences Paris Seine, CeZaMe Lab, Paris, France
| | - Axelle Martinez-Teruel
- AP-HP, Hôpitaux Universitaires Henri Mondor, Département Médico-Universitaire de Psychiatrie et d'Addictologie (DMU IMPACT), Fédération Hospitalo-Universitaire de Médecine de Précision en Psychiatrie (FHU ADAPT), Créteil, France
| | - Mihoby Razafinimanana
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Inserm, IBPS, Neurosciences Paris Seine, CeZaMe Lab, Paris, France
| | - Jennifer Boisgontier
- UNIACT, Psychiatry Team, Neurospin Neuroimaging Platform, CEA Saclay, Gif-Sur-Yvette, France
| | - Sevan Hotier
- AP-HP, Hôpitaux Universitaires Henri Mondor, Département Médico-Universitaire de Psychiatrie et d'Addictologie (DMU IMPACT), Fédération Hospitalo-Universitaire de Médecine de Précision en Psychiatrie (FHU ADAPT), Créteil, France.,Fondation fondaMental, Hôpital Albert Chenevier, Créteil, France
| | - Marc-Antoine d'Albis
- AP-HP, Hôpitaux Universitaires Henri Mondor, Département Médico-Universitaire de Psychiatrie et d'Addictologie (DMU IMPACT), Fédération Hospitalo-Universitaire de Médecine de Précision en Psychiatrie (FHU ADAPT), Créteil, France.,Fondation fondaMental, Hôpital Albert Chenevier, Créteil, France.,UNIACT, Psychiatry Team, Neurospin Neuroimaging Platform, CEA Saclay, Gif-Sur-Yvette, France
| | - Richard Delorme
- Service de psychiatrie de l'enfant et de l'adolescent, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Hôpital Robert Debré, Institut Pasteur, Human Genetics and Cognitive Functions Unit, Paris, France
| | | | - Štefan Holiga
- Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd, Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - Pierrick Coupé
- Pictura Research Group, Laboratoire Bordelais de Recherche en Informatique, Unité Mixte de Recherche Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (UMR 5800), University Bordeaux, Talence, France
| | - Marion Leboyer
- Univ Paris Est Créteil, INSERM U955, IMRB, Translational Neuro-Psychiatry, Créteil, France.,AP-HP, Hôpitaux Universitaires Henri Mondor, Département Médico-Universitaire de Psychiatrie et d'Addictologie (DMU IMPACT), Fédération Hospitalo-Universitaire de Médecine de Précision en Psychiatrie (FHU ADAPT), Créteil, France.,Fondation fondaMental, Hôpital Albert Chenevier, Créteil, France
| | - Josselin Houenou
- Univ Paris Est Créteil, INSERM U955, IMRB, Translational Neuro-Psychiatry, Créteil, France.,AP-HP, Hôpitaux Universitaires Henri Mondor, Département Médico-Universitaire de Psychiatrie et d'Addictologie (DMU IMPACT), Fédération Hospitalo-Universitaire de Médecine de Précision en Psychiatrie (FHU ADAPT), Créteil, France.,Fondation fondaMental, Hôpital Albert Chenevier, Créteil, France.,UNIACT, Psychiatry Team, Neurospin Neuroimaging Platform, CEA Saclay, Gif-Sur-Yvette, France
| | - Laure Rondi-Reig
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Inserm, IBPS, Neurosciences Paris Seine, CeZaMe Lab, Paris, France
| | - Anne-Lise Paradis
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Inserm, IBPS, Neurosciences Paris Seine, CeZaMe Lab, Paris, France
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Lai RY, Desai NA, Amlang CJ, Lin CYR, Chen TX, Minyetty MJ, Amokrane N, Kuo SH. Gambling associated risk-taking decision in cerebellar ataxia. Parkinsonism Relat Disord 2023; 107:105252. [PMID: 36577359 PMCID: PMC9905314 DOI: 10.1016/j.parkreldis.2022.105252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Revised: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION People with cerebellar ataxia (CA) can develop impulsive and compulsive behaviors that significantly affect their and their family's quality of life. To further assess the decision-making process associated with these behaviors, we used the Iowa Gambling Task (IGT) to study people with CA. METHODS Sixty individuals with CA and thirty age-matched controls were enrolled in the study to complete the IGT. No participants had a prior or comorbid neurologic or psychiatric disorder associated with impulsivity. IGT performance in each of the five 20-trial blocks was compared between groups and the progression of participants' performance was assessed with simple linear regression models. Subgroup analyses were performed with genetic and non-genetic CA cases. RESULTS CA cases obtained significantly lower IGT total scores than controls (-5.30 ± 37.53 vs. 21.30 ± 37.37, p = 0.004). In addition, those with CA made riskier decisions throughout the task compared to controls. Although both CA and controls learned to make decisions with more favorable outcomes over the course of completing the IGT, CA participants never matched the controls' performance. IGT performance did not correlate with ataxia severity or depressive symptoms. CONCLUSION The IGT may capture a unique behavioral symptom of CA. Future studies may help elucidate the mechanisms underlying impaired decision-making in CA and further the understanding of a broader spectrum of cerebellar cognitive affective syndrome.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ruo-Yah Lai
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University Medical Center, 710 W 168th St, New York, NY, 10032, USA; Initiative for Columbia Ataxia and Tremor, Columbia University Medical Center, 710 W 168th St, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Natasha A Desai
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University Medical Center, 710 W 168th St, New York, NY, 10032, USA; Initiative for Columbia Ataxia and Tremor, Columbia University Medical Center, 710 W 168th St, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Christian J Amlang
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University Medical Center, 710 W 168th St, New York, NY, 10032, USA; Initiative for Columbia Ataxia and Tremor, Columbia University Medical Center, 710 W 168th St, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Chi-Ying R Lin
- Alzheimer's Disease and Parkinson's Disease Centers, Department of Neurology, Baylor College of Medicine, 7200 Cambridge Street, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Tiffany X Chen
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University Medical Center, 710 W 168th St, New York, NY, 10032, USA; Initiative for Columbia Ataxia and Tremor, Columbia University Medical Center, 710 W 168th St, New York, NY, 10032, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Whiting School of Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 N Charles St, Baltimore, MD, 21218, USA
| | - Michael J Minyetty
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University Medical Center, 710 W 168th St, New York, NY, 10032, USA; Initiative for Columbia Ataxia and Tremor, Columbia University Medical Center, 710 W 168th St, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Nadia Amokrane
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University Medical Center, 710 W 168th St, New York, NY, 10032, USA; Initiative for Columbia Ataxia and Tremor, Columbia University Medical Center, 710 W 168th St, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Sheng-Han Kuo
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University Medical Center, 710 W 168th St, New York, NY, 10032, USA; Initiative for Columbia Ataxia and Tremor, Columbia University Medical Center, 710 W 168th St, New York, NY, 10032, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Olivito G, Siciliano L, Clausi S, Lupo M, Baiocco R, Gragnani A, Saettoni M, Delle Chiaie R, Laghi F, Leggio M. The Cerebellum Gets Social: Evidence from an Exploratory Study of Cerebellar, Neurodevelopmental, and Psychiatric Disorders. Biomedicines 2023; 11:309. [PMID: 36830846 PMCID: PMC9953169 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11020309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Revised: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Social prediction is a key feature of social cognition (SC), a function in which the modulating role of the cerebellum is recognized. Accordingly, cerebellar alterations are reported in cerebellar pathologies, neurodevelopmental disorders, and psychiatric conditions that show SC deficits. Nevertheless, to date, no study has directly compared populations representative of these three conditions with respect to SC and cerebellar alterations. Therefore, the present exploratory study aimed to compare the SC profiles of individuals with cerebellar neurodegenerative disorders (CB), autism (ASD), bipolar disorder type 2 (BD2), or healthy subjects (HS) using a battery of social tests requiring different degrees of prediction processing. The patterns of cerebellar gray matter (GM) alterations were compared among the groups using voxel-based morphometry. Compared to HS, the clinical groups showed common SC deficits in tasks involving a moderate to high level of prediction. The behavioral results of the clinical groups are consistent with the presence of overlapping GM reduction in cerebellar right Crus II, an area notably involved in complex social processing and prediction. Although exploratory and preliminary, these results deepen the cerebellar role in social prediction and highlight the transdiagnostic value of the cerebellum in social functioning and prediction in pathologies of different aetiologies, forecasting novel possibilities for shared interventions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giusy Olivito
- Department of Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
- Ataxia Laboratory, Fondazione Santa Lucia IRCCS, 00179 Rome, Italy
| | - Libera Siciliano
- Department of Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
- Ataxia Laboratory, Fondazione Santa Lucia IRCCS, 00179 Rome, Italy
| | - Silvia Clausi
- Ataxia Laboratory, Fondazione Santa Lucia IRCCS, 00179 Rome, Italy
- Klinikos Center for Psychodiagnostics and Psychotherapy, Viale delle Milizie 38, 00192 Roma, Italy
| | - Michela Lupo
- Servizio di Tutela della Salute Mentale e Riabilitazione dell’Età Evolutiva ASL, Roma 2, 00145 Rome, Italy
| | - Roberto Baiocco
- Department of Developmental and Social Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Roma, Italy
| | - Andrea Gragnani
- Scuola di Psicoterapia Cognitiva SPC, 58100 Grosseto, Italy
- Associazione Psicologia Cognitiva (APC)/Scuola di Psicoterapia Cognitiva (SPC), 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Saettoni
- Scuola di Psicoterapia Cognitiva SPC, 58100 Grosseto, Italy
- Unità Funzionale Salute Mentale Adulti ASL Toscana Nord-Ovest Valle del Serchio, 56121 Pisa, Italy
| | - Roberto Delle Chiaie
- Department of Neuroscience and Mental Health–Policlinico Umberto I Hospital, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Fiorenzo Laghi
- Department of Developmental and Social Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Roma, Italy
| | - Maria Leggio
- Department of Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
- Ataxia Laboratory, Fondazione Santa Lucia IRCCS, 00179 Rome, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Ribeiro S, Sherrard RM. Cerebellum and neurodevelopmental disorders: RORα is a unifying force. Front Cell Neurosci 2023; 17:1108339. [PMID: 37066074 PMCID: PMC10098020 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2023.1108339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Errors of cerebellar development are increasingly acknowledged as risk factors for neuro-developmental disorders (NDDs), such as attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), autism spectrum disorder (ASD), and schizophrenia. Evidence has been assembled from cerebellar abnormalities in autistic patients, as well as a range of genetic mutations identified in human patients that affect the cerebellar circuit, particularly Purkinje cells, and are associated with deficits of motor function, learning and social behavior; traits that are commonly associated with autism and schizophrenia. However, NDDs, such as ASD and schizophrenia, also include systemic abnormalities, e.g., chronic inflammation, abnormal circadian rhythms etc., which cannot be explained by lesions that only affect the cerebellum. Here we bring together phenotypic, circuit and structural evidence supporting the contribution of cerebellar dysfunction in NDDs and propose that the transcription factor Retinoid-related Orphan Receptor alpha (RORα) provides the missing link underlying both cerebellar and systemic abnormalities observed in NDDs. We present the role of RORα in cerebellar development and how the abnormalities that occur due to RORα deficiency could explain NDD symptoms. We then focus on how RORα is linked to NDDs, particularly ASD and schizophrenia, and how its diverse extra-cerebral actions can explain the systemic components of these diseases. Finally, we discuss how RORα-deficiency is likely a driving force for NDDs through its induction of cerebellar developmental defects, which in turn affect downstream targets, and its regulation of extracerebral systems, such as inflammation, circadian rhythms, and sexual dimorphism.
Collapse
|
21
|
Pu M, Ma Q, Haihambo N, Li M, Baeken C, Baetens K, Deroost N, Heleven E, Van Overwalle F. Dynamic causal modeling of cerebello-cerebral connectivity when sequencing trait-implying actions. Cereb Cortex 2022; 33:6366-6381. [PMID: 36573440 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhac510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2022] [Revised: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Prior studies suggest that the cerebellum contributes to the prediction of action sequences as well as the detection of social violations. In this dynamic causal modeling study, we explored the effective connectivity of the cerebellum with the cerebrum in processing social action sequences. A first model aimed to explore functional cerebello-cerebral connectivity when learning trait/stereotype-implying action sequences. We found many significant bidirectional connectivities between mentalizing areas of the cerebellum and the cerebrum including the temporo-parietal junction (TPJ) and medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC). Within the cerebrum, we found significant connectivity between the right TPJ and the mPFC, and between the TPJ bilaterally. A second model aimed to investigate cerebello-cerebral connectivity when conflicting information arises. We found many significant closed loops between the cerebellum and cerebral mentalizing (e.g. dorsal mPFC) and executive control areas (e.g. medial and lateral prefrontal cortices). Additional closed loops were found within the cerebral mentalizing and executive networks. The current results confirm prior research on effective connectivity linking the cerebellum with mentalizing areas in the cerebrum for predicting social sequences, and extend it to cerebral executive areas for social violations. Overall, this study emphasizes the critical role of cerebello-cerebral connectivity in understanding social sequences.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Min Pu
- Vrije Universiteit Brussel Faculty of Psychology and Center for Neuroscience, , 1050, Brussels , Belgium
| | - Qianying Ma
- Vrije Universiteit Brussel Faculty of Psychology and Center for Neuroscience, , 1050, Brussels , Belgium
| | - Naem Haihambo
- Vrije Universiteit Brussel Faculty of Psychology and Center for Neuroscience, , 1050, Brussels , Belgium
| | - Meijia Li
- Vrije Universiteit Brussel Faculty of Psychology and Center for Neuroscience, , 1050, Brussels , Belgium
| | - Chris Baeken
- Ghent University Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Department of Head and Skin, Ghent Experimental Psychiatry (GHEP) lab, , 9000, Ghent , Belgium
- University Hospital (UZBrussel) Department of Psychiatry, , 1090, Brussels , Belgium
- Eindhoven University of Technology , Department of Electrical Engineering, 5612, Eindhoven, Th e Netherlands
| | - Kris Baetens
- Vrije Universiteit Brussel Faculty of Psychology and Center for Neuroscience, , 1050, Brussels , Belgium
| | - Natacha Deroost
- Vrije Universiteit Brussel Faculty of Psychology and Center for Neuroscience, , 1050, Brussels , Belgium
| | - Elien Heleven
- Vrije Universiteit Brussel Faculty of Psychology and Center for Neuroscience, , 1050, Brussels , Belgium
| | - Frank Van Overwalle
- Vrije Universiteit Brussel Faculty of Psychology and Center for Neuroscience, , 1050, Brussels , Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Ma L, Liu G, Zhang P, Wang J, Huang W, Jiang Y, Zheng Y, Han N, Zhang Z, Zhang J. Altered Cerebro-Cerebellar Effective Connectivity in New-Onset Juvenile Myoclonic Epilepsy. Brain Sci 2022; 12:brainsci12121658. [PMID: 36552118 PMCID: PMC9775154 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci12121658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Revised: 11/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
(1) Objective: Resting-state fMRI studies have indicated that juvenile myoclonic epilepsy (JME) could cause widespread functional connectivity disruptions between the cerebrum and cerebellum. However, the directed influences or effective connectivities (ECs) between these brain regions are poorly understood. In the current study, we aimed to evaluate the ECs between the cerebrum and cerebellum in patients with new-onset JME. (2) Methods: Thirty-four new-onset JME patients and thirty-four age-, sex-, and education-matched healthy controls (HCs) were included in this study. We compared the degree centrality (DC) between the two groups to identify intergroup differences in whole-brain functional connectivity. Then, we used a Granger causality analysis (GCA) to explore JME-caused changes in EC between cerebrum regions and cerebellum regions. Furthermore, we applied a correlation analysis to identify associations between aberrant EC and disease severity in patients with JME. (3) Results: Compared to HCs, patients with JME showed significantly increased DC in the left cerebellum posterior lobe (CePL.L), the right inferior temporal gyrus (ITG.R) and the right superior frontal gyrus (SFG.R), and decreased DC in the left inferior frontal gyrus (IFG.L) and the left superior temporal gyrus (STG.L). The patients also showed unidirectionally increased ECs from cerebellum regions to the cerebrum regions, including from the CePL.L to the right precuneus (PreCU.R), from the left cerebellum anterior lobe (CeAL.L) to the ITG.R, from the right cerebellum posterior lobe (CePL.R) to the IFG.L, and from the left inferior semi-lunar lobule of the cerebellum (CeISL.L) to the SFG.R. Additionally, the EC from the CeISL.L to the SFG.R was negatively correlated with the disease severity. (4) Conclusions: JME patients showed unidirectional EC disruptions from the cerebellum to the cerebrum, and the negative correlation between EC and disease severity provides a new perspective for understanding the cerebro-cerebellar neural circuit mechanisms in JME.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laiyang Ma
- Department of Magnetic Resonance, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou 730030, China
- Second Clinical School, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730030, China
- Gansu Province Clinical Research Center for Functional and Molecular Imaging, Lanzhou 730030, China
| | - Guangyao Liu
- Department of Magnetic Resonance, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou 730030, China
- Gansu Province Clinical Research Center for Functional and Molecular Imaging, Lanzhou 730030, China
| | - Pengfei Zhang
- Department of Magnetic Resonance, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou 730030, China
- Second Clinical School, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730030, China
- Gansu Province Clinical Research Center for Functional and Molecular Imaging, Lanzhou 730030, China
| | - Jun Wang
- Department of Magnetic Resonance, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou 730030, China
- Second Clinical School, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730030, China
- Gansu Province Clinical Research Center for Functional and Molecular Imaging, Lanzhou 730030, China
| | - Wenjing Huang
- Department of Magnetic Resonance, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou 730030, China
- Second Clinical School, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730030, China
- Gansu Province Clinical Research Center for Functional and Molecular Imaging, Lanzhou 730030, China
| | - Yanli Jiang
- Department of Magnetic Resonance, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou 730030, China
- Second Clinical School, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730030, China
- Gansu Province Clinical Research Center for Functional and Molecular Imaging, Lanzhou 730030, China
| | - Yu Zheng
- Department of Magnetic Resonance, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou 730030, China
- Second Clinical School, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730030, China
- Gansu Province Clinical Research Center for Functional and Molecular Imaging, Lanzhou 730030, China
| | - Na Han
- Department of Magnetic Resonance, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou 730030, China
- Second Clinical School, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730030, China
- Gansu Province Clinical Research Center for Functional and Molecular Imaging, Lanzhou 730030, China
| | - Zhe Zhang
- School of Physics, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China
- Institute of Brain Science, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China
- Correspondence: (Z.Z.); (J.Z.); Tel.: +86-0571-28861955 (Z.Z.); +86-0931-8942090 (J.Z.)
| | - Jing Zhang
- Department of Magnetic Resonance, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou 730030, China
- Gansu Province Clinical Research Center for Functional and Molecular Imaging, Lanzhou 730030, China
- Correspondence: (Z.Z.); (J.Z.); Tel.: +86-0571-28861955 (Z.Z.); +86-0931-8942090 (J.Z.)
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Argyropoulos GPD, Lupo M, Olivito G. Editorial: The cerebellar role in psychiatric disorders: Emerging evidence and future perspectives. Front Behav Neurosci 2022; 16:1075679. [PMID: 36386782 PMCID: PMC9664192 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2022.1075679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Michela Lupo
- Servizio di Tutela della Salute Mentale e Riabilitazione dell'Età Evolutiva Azienda Sanitaria Locale, Rome, Italy
| | - Giusy Olivito
- Department of Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
- Ataxia Laboratory, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Chipika RH, Mulkerrin G, Pradat PF, Murad A, Ango F, Raoul C, Bede P. Cerebellar pathology in motor neuron disease: neuroplasticity and neurodegeneration. Neural Regen Res 2022; 17:2335-2341. [PMID: 35535867 PMCID: PMC9120698 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.336139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis is a relentlessly progressive multi-system condition. The clinical picture is dominated by upper and lower motor neuron degeneration, but extra-motor pathology is increasingly recognized, including cerebellar pathology. Post-mortem and neuroimaging studies primarily focus on the characterization of supratentorial disease, despite emerging evidence of cerebellar degeneration in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Cardinal clinical features of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, such as dysarthria, dysphagia, cognitive and behavioral deficits, saccade abnormalities, gait impairment, respiratory weakness and pseudobulbar affect are likely to be exacerbated by co-existing cerebellar pathology. This review summarizes in vivo and post mortem evidence for cerebellar degeneration in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Structural imaging studies consistently capture cerebellar grey matter volume reductions, diffusivity studies readily detect both intra-cerebellar and cerebellar peduncle white matter alterations and functional imaging studies commonly report increased functional connectivity with supratentorial regions. Increased functional connectivity is commonly interpreted as evidence of neuroplasticity representing compensatory processes despite the lack of post-mortem validation. There is a scarcity of post-mortem studies focusing on cerebellar alterations, but these detect pTDP-43 in cerebellar nuclei. Cerebellar pathology is an overlooked facet of neurodegeneration in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis despite its contribution to a multitude of clinical symptoms, widespread connectivity to spinal and supratentorial regions and putative role in compensating for the degeneration of primary motor regions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rangariroyashe H Chipika
- Computational Neuroimaging Group, Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Grainne Mulkerrin
- Computational Neuroimaging Group, Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | | | - Aizuri Murad
- Computational Neuroimaging Group, Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Fabrice Ango
- The Neuroscience Institute of Montpellier (INM), INSERM, CNRS, Montpellier, France
| | - Cédric Raoul
- The Neuroscience Institute of Montpellier (INM), INSERM, CNRS, Montpellier, France
| | - Peter Bede
- Computational Neuroimaging Group, Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland; Pitié-Salpêtrière University Hospital, Sorbonne University, Paris, France
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Liu Q, Liu C, Zhang Y. Characteristics of cognitive function in patients with cerebellar infarction and its association with lesion location. Front Aging Neurosci 2022; 14:965022. [PMID: 36268191 PMCID: PMC9577113 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2022.965022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: This study aimed to explore the characteristics of cognitive function in patients with cerebellar infarction and its association with lesion location. Methods: Forty-five patients with isolated cerebellar infarction were collected in the Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital. Thirty healthy controls were recruited matched by age and education. Global cognitive function was evaluated by using Addenbrooke's Cognitive Examination version III (ACE-III). An extensive neuropsychological assessment battery was also tested to evaluate the characteristics of each cognitive domain. 3D slicer software was used to draw the lesion, and evaluate the lesions' volume, side, and location. Group analysis was used to compare the differences in cognitive performance between patients and healthy controls, and patients with left and right cerebellar hemisphere infarction. Spearman analysis was used to explore the correlation between cognitive function and lesion volume. We also subdivided each patient's lesions according to the cerebellar atlas to identify the specific cerebellar location related to cognitive decline. Results: Patients with cerebellar infarction had a lower ACE-III score compared with the healthy group (87.9 ± 6.2 vs. 93.7 ± 2.9, p < 0.001), and 22 (48.9%) patients were diagnosed with cognitive impairment. The z-transformed score of attention and executive function in the patients' group was -0.9 ± 1.4 and -0.8 ± 1.0 respectively, with 19 (43.2%) and 23 (56.4%) patients impaired. Compared with healthy controls, the relative risk ratio with 95% confidence interval (CI) for impairment in attention and executive function were 3.24 (1.22-8.57) and 3.39 (1.45-7.89). However, only 10 (22.1%) patients showed impairment in more than two cognitive domains. Compared with the left lesion group, patients with right cerebellar infarction showed significantly impaired executive function (-1.1 ± 0.3 vs. -0.5 ± 0.2, p = 0.01). And the cerebellar posterior lobe regions, especially lobules VI, VIII, and IX, were explored to have lower cognitive performance. Furthermore, lesion volume was identified to be associated with the ACE-III score (r = -0.37, p = 0.04). Conclusion: We identified that cerebellar involvement in cognition, especially in attention processing and executive function. Cerebellar right-sided lateralization of cognition and functional topography were also revealed in the current study.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qi Liu
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Chang Liu
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yumei Zhang
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Department of Rehabilitation, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Samaniego‐Toro D, González V, Llauradó Gayete A, Gabaldón Domínguez MA, Hernández‐Vara J. The Dentate Nucleus Is the Clue: Erdheim-Chester Disease as a Cause of Cerebellar Syndrome. Mov Disord Clin Pract 2022; 9:S17-S20. [PMID: 36118514 PMCID: PMC9464993 DOI: 10.1002/mdc3.13526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Revised: 02/20/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Samaniego‐Toro
- Neurology DepartmentHospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Universitat Autònoma de BarcelonaBarcelonaSpain
| | - Victoria González
- Neurology DepartmentHospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Universitat Autònoma de BarcelonaBarcelonaSpain
| | - Arnau Llauradó Gayete
- Neurology DepartmentHospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Universitat Autònoma de BarcelonaBarcelonaSpain
| | | | - Jorge Hernández‐Vara
- Neurology DepartmentHospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Universitat Autònoma de BarcelonaBarcelonaSpain
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Abderrakib A, Ligot N, Naeije G. Cerebellar cognitive affective syndrome after acute cerebellar stroke. Front Neurol 2022; 13:906293. [PMID: 36034280 PMCID: PMC9403248 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2022.906293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction The cerebellum modulates both motor and cognitive behaviors, and a cerebellar cognitive affective syndrome (CCAS) was described after a cerebellar stroke in 1998. Yet, a CCAS is seldom sought for, due to a lack of practical screening scales. Therefore, we aimed at assessing both the prevalence of CCAS after cerebellar acute vascular lesion and the yield of the CCAS-Scale (CCAS-S) in an acute stroke setting. Materials and methods All patients admitted between January 2020 and January 2022 with acute onset of a cerebellar ischemic or haemorrhagic first stroke at the CUB-Hôpital Erasme and who could be evaluated by the CCAS-S within a week of symptom onset were included. Results Cerebellar acute vascular lesion occurred in 25/1,580 patients. All patients could complete the CCAS-S. A definite CCAS was evidenced in 21/25 patients. Patients failed 5.2 ± 2.12 items out of 8 and had a mean raw score of 68.2 ± 21.3 (normal values 82–120). Most failed items of the CCAS-S were related to verbal fluency, attention, and working memory. Conclusion A definite CCAS is present in almost all patients with acute cerebellar vascular lesions. CCAS is efficiently assessed by CCAS-S at bedside tests in acute stroke settings. The magnitude of CCAS likely reflects a cerebello-cortical diaschisis.
Collapse
|
28
|
Tonna M, Lucarini V, Lucchese J, Presta V, Paraboschi F, Marsella F, Daniel BD, Vitale M, Marchesi C, Gobbi G. Posture, gait and self‐disorders: An empirical study in individuals with schizophrenia. Early Interv Psychiatry 2022; 17:447-461. [PMID: 37156494 DOI: 10.1111/eip.13340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Revised: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
AIM In schizophrenia, subjectively perceived disruptions of the sense of the Self (also referred to as "self-disorders") seem to be intimately associated with a perturbation of the implicit awareness of one's own body. Indeed, an early impairment of the motor system, including posture and gait, is now considered a marker of schizophrenia neurodevelopmental substrate and appears more pronounced in early-onset schizophrenia. Therefore, the present study was aimed at: (1) investigating a possible relationship between self-disorders, symptom dimensions and postural and gait profile in schizophrenia; (2) identifying a specific motor profile in early-onset conditions. METHODS A total of 43 schizophrenia outpatients and 38 healthy controls underwent an exhaustive investigation of posture and gait pattern. The positive and negative syndrome scale (PANSS), the examination of anomalous self experience scale (EASE) and the abnormal involuntary movement scale (AIMS) were administered to the schizophrenia group. Subsequently, schizophrenia patients were divided into early and adult-onset subgroups and compared with respect to their motor profile. RESULTS We found an association between specific postural patterns (impaired sway area), a general disruption of the gait cycle and subjective bodily experiences (concerning the loss of bodily integrity, cohesion and demarcation). Only motor parameters (increased sway area and gait cadence reduction) differentiated between early and adult-onset patients. CONCLUSION The results of the present study hint at a link between motor impairment and self-disturbances in schizophrenia and candidate a specific motor profile as a possible marker of early-onset forms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Tonna
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Psychiatry Unit, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
- Department of Mental Health, Local Health Service, Parma, Italy
| | | | - Jacopo Lucchese
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Psychiatry Unit, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Valentina Presta
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Human Anatomy, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | | | - Filippo Marsella
- Department of Mental Health, Local Health Service, Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | | | - Marco Vitale
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Human Anatomy, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Movement Analysis Laboratory (LAM), University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Carlo Marchesi
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Psychiatry Unit, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
- Department of Mental Health, Local Health Service, Parma, Italy
| | - Giuliana Gobbi
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Human Anatomy, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Nakatani H, Nakamura Y, Okanoya K. Respective Involvement of the Right Cerebellar Crus I and II in Syntactic and Semantic Processing for Comprehension of Language. CEREBELLUM (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2022:10.1007/s12311-022-01451-y. [PMID: 35927417 DOI: 10.1007/s12311-022-01451-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The right posterolateral portions of the cerebellum (crus-I/II) are involved in language processing. However, their functional role in language remains unknown. The cerebellum is hypothesized to acquire an internal model that is a functional copy of mental representations in the cerebrum and to contribute to cognitive function. In this research, based on the cerebellar internal model hypothesis, we conducted task-based and resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) experiments to investigate the role of the cerebellum in the syntactic and semantic aspects of comprehension of sentences. In a syntactic task, participants read sentences with center-embedded hierarchical structures. The hierarchical level-dependent activity was found in the right crus-I as well as Broca's area (p < 0.05, voxel-based small volume correction (SVC)). In a semantic task, the participants read three types of sentences for investigation of sentence-level, phrase-level, and word-level semantic processing. The semantic level-dependent activity was found in the right crus-II as well as in the left anterior temporal lobe and the left angular gyrus (p < 0.05, voxel-based SVC). Moreover, the right crus-I/II showed significant activity when the cognitive load was high. Resting-state fMRI demonstrated intrinsic functional connectivity between the right crus-I/II and language-related regions in the left cerebrum (p < 0.05, voxel-based SVC). These findings suggest that the right crus-I and crus-II are involved, respectively, in the syntactic and semantic aspects of sentence processing. The cerebellum assists processing of language in the cerebrum when the cognitive load is high.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hironori Nakatani
- School of Information and Telecommunication Engineering, Tokai University, 2-3-23, Minato-ku, TakanawaTokyo, 108-8619, Japan.
- RIKEN Center for Brain Science, 2-1, Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan.
| | - Yuko Nakamura
- The Center for Evolutionary Cognitive Sciences, Graduate School of Art and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 3-8-1, Meguro-ku, KomabaTokyo, 153-8902, Japan
- Institute for Diversity & Adaptation of Human Mind (UTIDAHM), The University of Tokyo, 3-8-1, Meguro-ku, KomabaTokyo, 153-8902, Japan
| | - Kazuo Okanoya
- RIKEN Center for Brain Science, 2-1, Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan
- The Center for Evolutionary Cognitive Sciences, Graduate School of Art and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 3-8-1, Meguro-ku, KomabaTokyo, 153-8902, Japan
- Institute for Diversity & Adaptation of Human Mind (UTIDAHM), The University of Tokyo, 3-8-1, Meguro-ku, KomabaTokyo, 153-8902, Japan
- Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 3-8-1, Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 153-8902, Japan
- Teikyo University, Advanced Comprehensive Research Organization, 2-21-1, Kaga, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, 173-0003, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Clausi S, Siciliano L, Olivito G, Leggio M. Cerebellum and Emotion in Social Behavior. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2022; 1378:235-253. [PMID: 35902475 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-99550-8_15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Accumulating evidence suggests that the cerebellum plays a crucial role not only in the motor and cognitive domains but also in emotions and social behavior. In the present chapter, after a general introduction on the significance of the emotional components of social behavior, we describe recent efforts to understand the contributions of the cerebellum in social cognition focusing on the emotional and affective aspects. Specifically, starting from the description of the cerebello-cortical networks subtending the social-affective domains, we illustrate the most recent findings on the social cerebellum and the possible functional mechanisms by which the cerebellum modulate social-affective behavior. Finally, we discuss the possible consequences of cerebellar dysfunction in the social-affective domain, focusing on those neurological and psychopathological conditions in which emotional and social behavior difficulties have been described as being associated with cerebellar structural or functional alterations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Clausi
- Ataxia Laboratory, Santa Lucia Foundation IRCCS, Rome, Italy. .,Psychology Department, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy.
| | - Libera Siciliano
- Ataxia Laboratory, Santa Lucia Foundation IRCCS, Rome, Italy.,Psychology Department, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Giusy Olivito
- Ataxia Laboratory, Santa Lucia Foundation IRCCS, Rome, Italy.,Psychology Department, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Leggio
- Ataxia Laboratory, Santa Lucia Foundation IRCCS, Rome, Italy.,Psychology Department, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Tse NY, Tu S, Chen Y, Caga J, Dobson-Stone C, Kwok JB, Halliday GM, Ahmed RM, Hodges JR, Piguet O, Kiernan MC, Devenney EM. Schizotypal traits across the amyotrophic lateral sclerosis-frontotemporal dementia spectrum: pathomechanistic insights. J Neurol 2022; 269:4241-4252. [PMID: 35279757 PMCID: PMC9294025 DOI: 10.1007/s00415-022-11049-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Revised: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Psychiatric presentations similar to that observed in primary psychiatric disorders are well described across the amyotrophic lateral sclerosis-frontotemporal dementia (ALS-FTD) spectrum. Despite this, schizotypal personality traits associated with increased risks of clinical psychosis development and poor psychosocial outcomes have never been examined. The current study aimed to provide the first exploration of schizotypal traits and its neural underpinnings in the ALS-FTD spectrum to gain insights into a broader spectrum of psychiatric overlap with psychiatric disorders. METHODS Schizotypal traits were assessed using the targeted Schizotypal Personality Questionnaire in 99 participants (35 behavioural variant FTD, 10 ALS-FTD and 37 ALS patients, and 17 age-, sex- and education-matched healthy controls). Voxel-based morphometry analysis of whole-brain grey matter volume was conducted. RESULTS Relative to controls, pervasive schizotypal personality traits across positive and negative schizotypy and disorganised thought disorders were identified in behavioural variant FTD, ALS (with the exception of negative schizotypy) and ALS-FTDALS-FTD patients (all p < .013), suggesting the presence of a wide spectrum of subclinical schizotypal symptoms beyond classic psychotic symptoms. Atrophy in frontal, anterior cingulate and insular cortices, and caudate and thalamus was involved in positive schizotypy, while integrity of the cerebellum was associated with disorganised thought disorder traits. CONCLUSIONS The frontal-striatal-limbic regions underpinning manifestation of schizotypy in the ALS-FTDALS-FTD spectrum are similar to that established in previous schizophrenia research. This finding expands the concept of a psychiatric overlap in ALS-FTD and schizophrenia, and suggests potentially common underlying mechanisms involving disruptions to frontal-striatal-limbic networks, warranting a transdiagnostic approach for future investigations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nga Yan Tse
- The Brain and Mind Centre, University of Sydney; and Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, 94 Mallet Street, Camperdown, Sydney, NSW, 2050, Australia
| | - Sicong Tu
- The Brain and Mind Centre, University of Sydney; and Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, 94 Mallet Street, Camperdown, Sydney, NSW, 2050, Australia
| | - Yu Chen
- School of Psychology and Brain and Mind Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Jashelle Caga
- The Brain and Mind Centre, University of Sydney; and Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, 94 Mallet Street, Camperdown, Sydney, NSW, 2050, Australia
| | - Carol Dobson-Stone
- The Brain and Mind Centre, University of Sydney; and Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, 94 Mallet Street, Camperdown, Sydney, NSW, 2050, Australia
| | - John B Kwok
- The Brain and Mind Centre, University of Sydney; and Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, 94 Mallet Street, Camperdown, Sydney, NSW, 2050, Australia
| | - Glenda M Halliday
- The Brain and Mind Centre, University of Sydney; and Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, 94 Mallet Street, Camperdown, Sydney, NSW, 2050, Australia
- Neuroscience Research Australia, Randwick, Australia
| | - Rebekah M Ahmed
- The Brain and Mind Centre, University of Sydney; and Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, 94 Mallet Street, Camperdown, Sydney, NSW, 2050, Australia
- Memory and Cognition Clinic, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, Australia
| | - John R Hodges
- The Brain and Mind Centre, University of Sydney; and Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, 94 Mallet Street, Camperdown, Sydney, NSW, 2050, Australia
| | - Olivier Piguet
- School of Psychology and Brain and Mind Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Matthew C Kiernan
- The Brain and Mind Centre, University of Sydney; and Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, 94 Mallet Street, Camperdown, Sydney, NSW, 2050, Australia
| | - Emma M Devenney
- The Brain and Mind Centre, University of Sydney; and Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, 94 Mallet Street, Camperdown, Sydney, NSW, 2050, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Xu Y, Zhong L, Wei H, Li Y, Xie J, Xie L, Chen X, Guo X, Yin P, Li S, Zeng J, Li XJ, Lin L. Brain Region- and Age-Dependent 5-Hydroxymethylcytosine Activity in the Non-Human Primate. Front Aging Neurosci 2022; 14:934224. [PMID: 35912074 PMCID: PMC9326314 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2022.934224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Because of the difficulty in collecting fresh brains of humans at different ages, it remains unknown how epigenetic regulation occurs in the primate brains during aging. In the present study, we examined the genomic distribution of 5hmC, an indicator of DNA methylation, in the brain regions of non-human primates (rhesus monkey) at the ages of 2 (juvenile), 8 (young adult), and 17 (old) years. We found that genomic 5hmC distribution was accumulated in the monkey brain as age increased and displayed unique patterns in the cerebellum and striatum in an age-dependent manner. We also observed a correlation between differentially hydroxymethylated regions (DhMRs) and genes that contribute to brain region-related functions and diseases. Our studies revealed, for the first time, the brain-region and age-dependent 5hmC modifications in the non-human primate and the association of these 5hmC modifications with brain region-specific function and potentially aging-related brain diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yanru Xu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nonhuman Primate Models of Human Diseases, Key Laboratory of CNS Regeneration (Ministry of Education), Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau Institute of CNS Regeneration, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Liying Zhong
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nonhuman Primate Models of Human Diseases, Key Laboratory of CNS Regeneration (Ministry of Education), Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau Institute of CNS Regeneration, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huixian Wei
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nonhuman Primate Models of Human Diseases, Key Laboratory of CNS Regeneration (Ministry of Education), Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau Institute of CNS Regeneration, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuwei Li
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nonhuman Primate Models of Human Diseases, Key Laboratory of CNS Regeneration (Ministry of Education), Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau Institute of CNS Regeneration, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiaxiang Xie
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nonhuman Primate Models of Human Diseases, Key Laboratory of CNS Regeneration (Ministry of Education), Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau Institute of CNS Regeneration, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Leijie Xie
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nonhuman Primate Models of Human Diseases, Key Laboratory of CNS Regeneration (Ministry of Education), Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau Institute of CNS Regeneration, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiusheng Chen
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nonhuman Primate Models of Human Diseases, Key Laboratory of CNS Regeneration (Ministry of Education), Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau Institute of CNS Regeneration, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiangyu Guo
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nonhuman Primate Models of Human Diseases, Key Laboratory of CNS Regeneration (Ministry of Education), Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau Institute of CNS Regeneration, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Peng Yin
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nonhuman Primate Models of Human Diseases, Key Laboratory of CNS Regeneration (Ministry of Education), Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau Institute of CNS Regeneration, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shihua Li
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nonhuman Primate Models of Human Diseases, Key Laboratory of CNS Regeneration (Ministry of Education), Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau Institute of CNS Regeneration, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Junwei Zeng
- Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Jiang Li
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nonhuman Primate Models of Human Diseases, Key Laboratory of CNS Regeneration (Ministry of Education), Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau Institute of CNS Regeneration, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Li Lin
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nonhuman Primate Models of Human Diseases, Key Laboratory of CNS Regeneration (Ministry of Education), Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau Institute of CNS Regeneration, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Li Lin
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Early life adversity drives sex-specific anhedonia and meningeal immune gene expression through mast cell activation. Brain Behav Immun 2022; 103:73-84. [PMID: 35339629 PMCID: PMC9149134 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2022.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Revised: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Exposure to early life adversity (ELA) in the form of physical and/or psychological abuse or neglect increases the risk of developing psychiatric and inflammatory disorders later in life. It has been hypothesized that exposure to ELA results in persistent, low grade inflammation that leads to increased disease susceptibility by amplifying the crosstalk between stress-processing brain networks and the immune system, but the mechanisms remain largely unexplored. The meninges, a layer of three overlapping membranes that surround the central nervous system (CNS)- dura mater, arachnoid, and piamater - possess unique features that allow them to play a key role in coordinating immune trafficking between the brain and the peripheral immune system. These include a network of lymphatic vessels that carry cerebrospinal fluid from the brain to the deep cervical lymph nodes, fenestrated blood vessels that allow the passage of molecules from blood to the CNS, and a rich population of resident mast cells, master regulators of the immune system. Using a mouse model of ELA consisting of neonatal maternal separation plus early weaning (NMSEW), we sought to explore the effects of ELA on sucrose preference behavior, dura mater expression of inflammatory markers and mast cell histology in adult male and female C57Bl/6 mice. We found that NMSEW alone does not affect sucrose preference behavior in males or females, but it increases the dura mater expression of the genes coding for mast cell protease CMA1 (cma1) and the inflammatory cytokine TNF alpha (tnf alpha) in females. When NMSEW is combined with an adult mild stress (that does not affect behavior or gene expression in NH animals) females show reduced sucrose preference and even greater increases in meningeal cma1 levels. Interestingly, systemic administration of the mast cell stabilizer Ketotifen before exposure to adult stress prevents both, reduction in sucrose preference an increases in cma1 expression in NMSEW females, but facilitates stress-induced sucrose anhedonia in NMSEW males and NH females. Finally, histological analyses showed that, compared to males, females have increased baseline activation levels of mast cells located in the transverse sinus of the dura mater, where the meningeal lymphatics run along, and that, in males and females exposed to adult stress, NMSEW increases the number of mast cells in the interparietal region of the dura mater and the levels of mast cell activation in the sagittal sinus regions of the dura mater. Together, our results indicate that ELA induces long-term meningeal immune gene changes and heightened sensitivity to adult stress-induced behavioral and meningeal immune responses and that these effects could mediated via mast cells.
Collapse
|
34
|
Cosentino S, Shih LC. Does essential tremor increase risk of cognitive impairment and dementia? Yes. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF NEUROBIOLOGY 2022; 163:195-231. [PMID: 35750363 DOI: 10.1016/bs.irn.2022.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Essential Tremor (ET), by definition, is a disorder of movement. Yet over the years, epidemiologic, clinical, pathologic, and neuroimaging studies have converged to reveal a cognitive side of ET. The cognitive symptoms in ET are heterogeneous and are likely to reflect heterogeneous underlying mechanisms. In this chapter, we review and synthesize a diverse set of studies from both population-based settings to cohorts with more detailed investigations into cognition to consider the various mechanisms by which cognitive symptoms may emerge in a subset of individuals with ET. As part of our analysis, we consider questions surrounding ET diagnosis and the possibility of comorbid disease as potential factors that, upon closer examination, appear to strengthen the argument in favor of ET as a risk factor for dementia. Importantly, we also consider the clinical relevance of cognitive impairment in ET. While ET is not universally characterized by significant cognitive deficits, the data from epidemiological, cognitive, neuroimaging, and postmortem neuropathologic studies converge to reveal an increased risk for cognitive impairment and dementia among individuals with ET. We conclude by offering directions for future research, and a neurocognitive framework with which to consider existing findings and to use in the design of novel studies dedicated to clarifying the basis, nature, and course of cognitive impairments in ET.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Cosentino
- Cognitive Neuroscience Division of the Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, United States; Department of Neurology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, United States.
| | - Ludy C Shih
- Department of Neurology, Parkinson's Disease and Movement Disorders Center, Boston Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, United States; Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Frazier MR, Hoffman LJ, Popal H, Sullivan-Toole H, Olino TM, Olson IR. A missing link in affect regulation: the cerebellum. Soc Cogn Affect Neurosci 2022; 17:1068-1081. [PMID: 35733348 PMCID: PMC9714429 DOI: 10.1093/scan/nsac042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Revised: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The cerebellum is one-third the size of the cerebrum yet holds twice the number of neurons. Historically, its sole function was thought to be in the calibration of smooth movements through the creation and ongoing modification of motor programs. This traditional viewpoint has been challenged by findings showing that cerebellar damage can lead to striking changes in non-motor behavior, including emotional changes. In this manuscript, we review the literature on clinical and subclinical affective disturbances observed in individuals with lesions to the cerebellum. Disorders include pathological laughing and crying, bipolar disorder, depression and mixed mood changes. We propose a theoretical model based on cerebellar connectivity to explain how the cerebellum calibrates affect. We conclude with actionable steps for future researchers to test this model and improve upon the limitations of past literature.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Linda J Hoffman
- Department of Psychology, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19122, USA
| | - Haroon Popal
- Department of Psychology, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19122, USA
| | | | - Thomas M Olino
- Department of Psychology, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19122, USA
| | - Ingrid R Olson
- Correspondence should be addressed to Ingrid R. Olson, Department of Psychology, Temple University, 1701 N. 13th Street, Philadelphia, PA 19122, USA. E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Cognitive Dysfunction following Cerebellar Stroke: Insights Gained from Neuropsychological and Neuroimaging Research. Neural Plast 2022; 2022:3148739. [PMID: 35465397 PMCID: PMC9033331 DOI: 10.1155/2022/3148739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Revised: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Although the cerebellum has been consistently noted in the process of cognition, the pathophysiology of this link is still under exploration. Cerebellar stroke, in which the lesions are focal and limited, provides an appropriate clinical model disease for studying the role of the cerebellum in the cognitive process. This review article targeting the cerebellar stroke population (1) describes a cognitive impairment profile, (2) identifies the cerebellar structural alterations linked to cognition, and (3) reveals possible mechanisms of cerebellar cognition using functional neuroimaging. The data indicates the disruption of the cerebro-cerebellar loop in cerebellar stroke and its contribution to cognitive dysfunctions. And the characteristic of cognitive deficits are mild, span a broad spectrum, dominated by executive impairment. The consideration of these findings could contribute to deeper and more sophisticated insights into the cognitive function of the cerebellum and might provide a novel approach to cognitive rehabilitation. The goal of this review is to spread awareness of cognitive impairments in cerebellar disorders.
Collapse
|
37
|
Metoki A, Wang Y, Olson IR. The Social Cerebellum: A Large-Scale Investigation of Functional and Structural Specificity and Connectivity. Cereb Cortex 2022; 32:987-1003. [PMID: 34428293 PMCID: PMC8890001 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhab260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Revised: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The cerebellum has been traditionally disregarded in relation to nonmotor functions, but recent findings indicate it may be involved in language, affective processing, and social functions. Mentalizing, or Theory of Mind (ToM), is the ability to infer mental states of others and this skill relies on a distributed network of brain regions. Here, we leveraged large-scale multimodal neuroimaging data to elucidate the structural and functional role of the cerebellum in mentalizing. We used functional activations to determine whether the cerebellum has a domain-general or domain-specific functional role, and effective connectivity and probabilistic tractography to map the cerebello-cerebral mentalizing network. We found that the cerebellum is organized in a domain-specific way and that there is a left cerebellar effective and structural lateralization, with more and stronger effective connections from the left cerebellar hemisphere to the right cerebral mentalizing areas, and greater cerebello-thalamo-cortical and cortico-ponto-cerebellar streamline counts from and to the left cerebellum. Our study provides novel insights to the network organization of the cerebellum, an overlooked brain structure, and mentalizing, one of humans' most essential abilities to navigate the social world.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Athanasia Metoki
- Department of Psychology, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19122, USA
- Department of Neurology,Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63108, USA
| | - Yin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, and IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Ingrid R Olson
- Department of Psychology, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19122, USA
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Mendez MF. The neurologist who could not stop rhyming and rapping. Neurocase 2022; 28:77-83. [PMID: 35067191 PMCID: PMC9064902 DOI: 10.1080/13554794.2022.2027455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
.A neurologist, at age 55, developed an irrepressible urge to rhyme after a series of strokes and seizures. His strokes included right posterior cerebellar and right thalamic infarctions, and his subsequent focal-onset seizures emanated from the left frontotemporal region. On recovery, he described the emergence of an irresistible urge to rhyme, even in thought and daily speech. His pronounced focus on rhyming led him to actively participate in freestyle rap and improvisation. This patient's rhyming and rapping may have been initially facilitated by epileptiform activation of word sound associations but perpetuated as compensation for impaired cerebellar effects on timed anticipation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mario F Mendez
- Department of Neurology and Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles (UCLA); Neurology Service, Neurobehavior Unit, V.A. Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Cao H. Towards the understanding of state-independent neural traits underlying psychiatric disorders. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2021; 133:104515. [PMID: 34968524 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2021.104515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Revised: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Hampered by the symptom complexity and diversity, the understanding of fundamental mechanisms underlying psychiatric disorders remains elusive. Traditional neuroscience research focusing on each behavioral domain separately may lack an overarching view of the pathogenesis of an entire disorder, offering limited power to identify core neuropathology that could possibly account for the disorder's various symptoms. The search for neural traits that are robustly present across different brain functional states and disease stages may provide insights into the rudimentary changes beneath manifest clinical phenotypes and thus help penetrate the causal mechanisms underlying a complex disorder. In this review, I briefly summarize previous research on this topic, emphasize how neural traits may help boost the understanding of biological mechanisms underlying psychiatric disorders, and exemplify how the observed traits may aid individualized predictions for diagnosis and prognosis in precision psychiatry, in particular related to schizophrenia. I also discuss a proposed research framework that can be leveraged for future studies on neural traits, as well as considerations for future applications of this nascent research strategy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hengyi Cao
- Center for Psychiatric Neuroscience, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, United States; Division of Psychiatry Research, Zucker Hillside Hospital, Glen Oaks, NY, United States; Department of Psychiatry, Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead, NY, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Hwang M, Roh YS, Talero J, Cohen BM, Baker JT, Brady RO, Öngür D, Shinn AK. Auditory hallucinations across the psychosis spectrum: Evidence of dysconnectivity involving cerebellar and temporal lobe regions. Neuroimage Clin 2021; 32:102893. [PMID: 34911197 PMCID: PMC8636859 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2021.102893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Auditory hallucinations (AH) are typically associated with schizophrenia (SZ), but they are also prevalent in bipolar disorder (BD). Despite the large body of research on the neural correlates of AH in SZ, the pathophysiology underlying AH remains unclear. Few studies have examined the neural substrates associated with propensity for AH in BD. Investigating AH across the psychosis spectrum has the potential to inform about the neural signature associated with the trait of AH, irrespective of psychiatric diagnosis. METHODS We compared resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging data in psychosis patients with (n = 90 AH; 68 SZ, 22 BD) and without (n = 55 NAH; 16 SZ, 39 BD) lifetime AH. We performed region of interest (ROI)-to-ROI functional connectivity (FC) analysis using 91 cortical, 15 subcortical, and 26 cerebellar atlas-defined regions. The primary aim was to identify FC differences between patients with and without lifetime AH. We secondarily examined differences between AH and NAH within each diagnosis. RESULTS Compared to the NAH group, patients with AH showed higher FC between cerebellum and frontal (left precentral gyrus), temporal [right middle temporal gyrus (MTG), left inferior temporal gyrus (ITG), left temporal fusiform gyrus)], parietal (bilateral superior parietal lobules), and subcortical (left accumbens, left palldium) brain areas. AH also showed lower FC between temporal lobe regions (between right ITG and right MTG and bilateral superior temporal gyri) relative to NAH. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that dysconnectivity involving the cerebellum and temporal lobe regions may be common neurofunctional elements associated with AH propensity across the psychosis spectrum. We also found dysconnectivity patterns that were unique to lifetime AH within SZ or bipolar psychosis, suggesting both common and distinct mechanisms underlying AH pathophysiology in these disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Melissa Hwang
- Schizophrenia and Bipolar Disorder Program, McLean Hospital, 115 Mill St, Belmont, MA 02478, USA
| | - Youkyung S Roh
- Schizophrenia and Bipolar Disorder Program, McLean Hospital, 115 Mill St, Belmont, MA 02478, USA
| | - Jessica Talero
- Schizophrenia and Bipolar Disorder Program, McLean Hospital, 115 Mill St, Belmont, MA 02478, USA
| | - Bruce M Cohen
- Schizophrenia and Bipolar Disorder Program, McLean Hospital, 115 Mill St, Belmont, MA 02478, USA; Program for Neuropsychiatric Research, McLean Hospital, 115 Mill St, Belmont, MA 02478, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, 25 Shattuck St, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Justin T Baker
- Schizophrenia and Bipolar Disorder Program, McLean Hospital, 115 Mill St, Belmont, MA 02478, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, 25 Shattuck St, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Roscoe O Brady
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, 330 Brookline Ave, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, 25 Shattuck St, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Dost Öngür
- Schizophrenia and Bipolar Disorder Program, McLean Hospital, 115 Mill St, Belmont, MA 02478, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, 25 Shattuck St, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Ann K Shinn
- Schizophrenia and Bipolar Disorder Program, McLean Hospital, 115 Mill St, Belmont, MA 02478, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, 25 Shattuck St, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Devita M, Alberti F, Fagnani M, Masina F, Ara E, Sergi G, Mapelli D, Coin A. Novel insights into the relationship between cerebellum and dementia: A narrative review as a toolkit for clinicians. Ageing Res Rev 2021; 70:101389. [PMID: 34111569 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2021.101389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Revised: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The role of the cerebellum in neurodegenerative disorders that target cognitive functions has been a subject of increasing interest over the past years. However, a review focused on making clinicians more aware of the role of the cerebellum in dementia is still missing. This narrative review explores the possible factors explaining the involvement of the cerebellum in different kinds of dementia by providing more insights on how this structure can be relevant in clinical practice. It emerged that, despite overlapping in specific areas, structural cerebellar alterations in dementia show a certain degree of disease-specificity. Furthermore, the relevance of cerebellar changes in dementia is corroborated by correlations observed between their topography and cognitive symptomatology, as well as by its previously ignored involvement of the cerebellum in early stages of dementia. Despite needing further investigations, these findings could become a useful diagnostic aid for clinicians that should not be overlooked, in particular for those individuals who do not show distinct and manifest brain or neuropsychological alterations, but that still make clinicians suspect the presence of a neurocognitive disease.
Collapse
|
42
|
Starowicz-Filip A, Prochwicz K, Kłosowska J, Chrobak AA, Krzyżewski R, Myszka A, Rajtar-Zembaty A, Bętkowska-Korpała B, Kwinta B. Is Addenbrooke's Cognitive Examination III Sensitive Enough to Detect Cognitive Dysfunctions in Patients with Focal Cerebellar Lesions? Arch Clin Neuropsychol 2021; 37:423-436. [PMID: 34128041 DOI: 10.1093/arclin/acab045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The main aim of the study was to evaluate whether the available brief test of mental functions Addenbrooke's cognitive examination III (ACE III) detects cognitive impairment in patients with cerebellar damage. The second goal was to show the ACE III cognitive impairment profile of patients with focal cerebellar lesions. METHOD The study sample consisted of 31 patients with focal cerebellar lesions, 78 patients with supratentorial brain damage, and 31 subjects after spine surgery or with spine degeneration considered as control group, free of organic brain damage. The ACE III was used. RESULTS Patients with cerebellar damage obtained significantly lower results in the ACE III total score and in several subscales: attention, fluency, language, and visuospatial domains than healthy controls without brain damage. With the cut-off level of 89 points, the ACE III was characterized by the sensitivity of 71%, specificity of 72%, and accuracy of 72%. The cerebellar cognitive impairment profile was found to be "frontal-like" and similar to that observed in patients with anterior supratentorial brain damage, with decreased ability to retrieve previously learned material and its preserved recognition, impaired word fluency, and executive dysfunction. The results are consistent with cerebellar cognitive affective syndrome. CONCLUSIONS The ACE III can be used as a sensitive screening tool to detect cognitive impairments in patients with cerebellar damage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Starowicz-Filip
- Chair of Psychiatry, Department of Medical Psychology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland.,Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital, Kraków, Poland
| | | | | | | | - Roger Krzyżewski
- Department of Neurosurgery, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
| | - Aneta Myszka
- Department of Neurosurgery, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
| | - Anna Rajtar-Zembaty
- Chair of Psychiatry, Department of Medical Psychology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
| | - Barbara Bętkowska-Korpała
- Chair of Psychiatry, Department of Medical Psychology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
| | - Borys Kwinta
- Department of Neurosurgery, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Gökçe E, Güneş E, Arı F, Hayme S, Nalçacı E. Comparison of the effects of open- and closed-skill exercise on cognition and peripheral proteins: A cross-sectional study. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0251907. [PMID: 34086693 PMCID: PMC8177547 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0251907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2020] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous research indicates that different exercise modes might create different effects on cognition and peripheral protein signals. This study aimed to compare the effects of long-term participation in an open and closed-skill exercise on cognitive functions and Brain-derived neurotrophic factor and Cathepsin B levels. 18 fencers, 18 swimmers, 18 sedentary controls between 18–25 years old participated in the study. Participants performed visuospatial working memory, verbal fluency and selective attention tasks. Blood samples were tested for Brain-derived neurotrophic factor and Cathepsin B using ELISA. The results showed that fencers performed superiorly on some part of visuospatial working memory, verbal fluency, and selective attention tasks than swimmers and sedentary controls. Athlete groups showed higher scores on some subtests of visuospatial working memory and selective attention tasks than sedentary controls. The basal serum Brain-derived neurotrophic factor level was not significant between the groups, but Cathepsin B was higher in fencers than swimmers and sedentary controls. The peripheric protein signal response to acute exercise was significantly higher in athletes, particularly in the open-skill group for Cathepsin B. Our research provided noteworthy results that more cognitively challenging exercise may provide more benefits for some aspects of cognition. Since our findings suggest that open-skill exercise improves specific types of executive-control functioning, this exercise mode might be included in training programs to support cognition and prevent cognitive impairment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Evrim Gökçe
- Ankara City Hospital, Sports Rehabilitation Laboratory, Ankara, Turkey
- Department of Physiology, Ankara University School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
- * E-mail:
| | - Emel Güneş
- Department of Physiology, Ankara University School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Fikret Arı
- Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Ankara University Faculty of Engineering, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Serhat Hayme
- Department of Biostatistics, Ankara University School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Erhan Nalçacı
- Department of Physiology, Ankara University School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
McKenna MC, Chipika RH, Li Hi Shing S, Christidi F, Lope J, Doherty MA, Hengeveld JC, Vajda A, McLaughlin RL, Hardiman O, Hutchinson S, Bede P. Infratentorial pathology in frontotemporal dementia: cerebellar grey and white matter alterations in FTD phenotypes. J Neurol 2021; 268:4687-4697. [PMID: 33983551 PMCID: PMC8563547 DOI: 10.1007/s00415-021-10575-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Revised: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The contribution of cerebellar pathology to cognitive and behavioural manifestations is increasingly recognised, but the cerebellar profiles of FTD phenotypes are relatively poorly characterised. A prospective, single-centre imaging study has been undertaken with a high-resolution structural and diffusion tensor protocol to systematically evaluate cerebellar grey and white matter alterations in behavioural-variant FTD(bvFTD), non-fluent variant primary progressive aphasia(nfvPPA), semantic-variant primary progressive aphasia(svPPA), C9orf72-positive ALS-FTD(C9 + ALSFTD) and C9orf72-negative ALS-FTD(C9-ALSFTD). Cerebellar cortical thickness and complementary morphometric analyses were carried out to appraise atrophy patterns controlling for demographic variables. White matter integrity was assessed in a study-specific white matter skeleton, evaluating three diffusivity metrics: fractional anisotropy (FA), axial diffusivity (AD) and radial diffusivity (RD). Significant cortical thickness reductions were identified in: lobule VII and crus I in bvFTD; lobule VI VII, crus I and II in nfvPPA; and lobule VII, crus I and II in svPPA; lobule IV, VI, VII and Crus I and II in C9 + ALSFTD. Morphometry revealed volume reductions in lobule V in all groups; in addition to lobule VIII in C9 + ALSFTD; lobule VI, VIII and vermis in C9-ALSFTD; lobule V, VII and vermis in bvFTD; and lobule V, VI, VIII and vermis in nfvPPA. Widespread white matter alterations were demonstrated by significant fractional anisotropy, axial diffusivity and radial diffusivity changes in each FTD phenotype that were more focal in those with C9 + ALSFTD and svPPA. Our findings indicate that FTD subtypes are associated with phenotype-specific cerebellar signatures with the selective involvement of specific lobules instead of global cerebellar atrophy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mary Clare McKenna
- Computational Neuroimaging Group, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Peter Bede, Room 5.43, Pearse Street, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Rangariroyashe H Chipika
- Computational Neuroimaging Group, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Peter Bede, Room 5.43, Pearse Street, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Stacey Li Hi Shing
- Computational Neuroimaging Group, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Peter Bede, Room 5.43, Pearse Street, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Foteini Christidi
- Computational Neuroimaging Group, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Peter Bede, Room 5.43, Pearse Street, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Jasmin Lope
- Computational Neuroimaging Group, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Peter Bede, Room 5.43, Pearse Street, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Mark A Doherty
- Complex Trait Genomics Laboratory, Smurfit Institute of Genetics, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Jennifer C Hengeveld
- Complex Trait Genomics Laboratory, Smurfit Institute of Genetics, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Alice Vajda
- Complex Trait Genomics Laboratory, Smurfit Institute of Genetics, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Russell L McLaughlin
- Complex Trait Genomics Laboratory, Smurfit Institute of Genetics, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Orla Hardiman
- Computational Neuroimaging Group, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Peter Bede, Room 5.43, Pearse Street, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | | | - Peter Bede
- Computational Neuroimaging Group, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Peter Bede, Room 5.43, Pearse Street, Dublin 2, Ireland. .,Department of Neurology, St James's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland.
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Ren J, Hubbard CS, Ahveninen J, Cui W, Li M, Peng X, Luan G, Han Y, Li Y, Shinn AK, Wang D, Li L, Liu H. Dissociable Auditory Cortico-Cerebellar Pathways in the Human Brain Estimated by Intrinsic Functional Connectivity. Cereb Cortex 2021; 31:2898-2912. [PMID: 33497437 PMCID: PMC8107796 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhaa398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Revised: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The cerebellum, a structure historically associated with motor control, has more recently been implicated in several higher-order auditory-cognitive functions. However, the exact functional pathways that mediate cerebellar influences on auditory cortex (AC) remain unclear. Here, we sought to identify auditory cortico-cerebellar pathways based on intrinsic functional connectivity magnetic resonance imaging. In contrast to previous connectivity studies that principally consider the AC as a single functionally homogenous unit, we mapped the cerebellar connectivity across different parts of the AC. Our results reveal that auditory subareas demonstrating different levels of interindividual functional variability are functionally coupled with distinct cerebellar regions. Moreover, auditory and sensorimotor areas show divergent cortico-cerebellar connectivity patterns, although sensorimotor areas proximal to the AC are often functionally grouped with the AC in previous connectivity-based network analyses. Lastly, we found that the AC can be functionally segmented into highly similar subareas based on either cortico-cerebellar or cortico-cortical functional connectivity, suggesting the existence of multiple parallel auditory cortico-cerebellar circuits that involve different subareas of the AC. Overall, the present study revealed multiple auditory cortico-cerebellar pathways and provided a fine-grained map of AC subareas, indicative of the critical role of the cerebellum in auditory processing and multisensory integration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jianxun Ren
- National Engineering Laboratory for Neuromodulation, School of Aerospace Engineering, Tsinghua University, 100084 Beijing, China
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - Catherine S Hubbard
- Department of Neuroscience, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Jyrki Ahveninen
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - Weigang Cui
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
- Department of Automation Sciences and Electrical Engineering, Beihang University, 100083 Beijing, China
| | - Meiling Li
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - Xiaolong Peng
- Department of Neuroscience, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Guoming Luan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Comprehensive Epilepsy Center, Sanbo Brain Hospital, Capital Medical University, 100093 Beijing, China
| | - Ying Han
- Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, 100053 Beijing, China
| | - Yang Li
- Department of Automation Sciences and Electrical Engineering, Beihang University, 100083 Beijing, China
| | - Ann K Shinn
- Psychotic Disorders Division, McLean Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Belmont, MA 02478, USA
| | - Danhong Wang
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - Luming Li
- National Engineering Laboratory for Neuromodulation, School of Aerospace Engineering, Tsinghua University, 100084 Beijing, China
- Precision Medicine & Healthcare Research Center, Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen Institute, Tsinghua University, 518055 Shenzhen, China
- IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research at Tsinghua University, 100084 Beijing, China
| | - Hesheng Liu
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Pagen LHG, van de Ven VG, Gronenschild EHBM, Priovoulos N, Verhey FRJ, Jacobs HIL. Contributions of Cerebro-Cerebellar Default Mode Connectivity Patterns to Memory Performance in Mild Cognitive Impairment. J Alzheimers Dis 2021; 75:633-647. [PMID: 32310164 PMCID: PMC7458511 DOI: 10.3233/jad-191127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The cerebral default mode network (DMN) can be mapped onto specific regions in the cerebellum, which are specifically vulnerable to atrophy in Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients. OBJECTIVE We set out to determine whether there are specific differences in the interaction between the cerebral and cerebellar DMN in amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) patients compared to healthy controls using resting-state functional MRI and whether these differences are relevant for memory performance. METHODS Eighteen patients with aMCI were age and education-matched to eighteen older adults and underwent 3T MR-imaging. We performed seed-based functional connectivity analysis between the cerebellar DMN seeds and the cerebral DMN. RESULTS Our results showed that compared to healthy older adults, aMCI patients showed lower anti-correlation between the cerebellar DMN and several cerebral DMN regions. Additionally, we showed that degradation of the anti-correlation between the cerebellar DMN and the medial frontal cortex is correlated with worse memory performance in aMCI patients. CONCLUSION These findings provide evidence that the cerebellar DMN and cerebral DMN are negatively correlated during rest in older individuals, and suggest that the reduced anti-correlated impacts the modulatory role of the cerebellum on cognitive functioning, in particular on the executive component of memory functions in neurodegenerative diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Linda H G Pagen
- Faculty of Health, Medicine, and Life Sciences, Alzheimer Centre Limburg, School of Mental Health and Neuroscience (MHeNS), Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Vincent G van de Ven
- Faculty of Psychology and Neuroscience, Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Ed H B M Gronenschild
- Faculty of Health, Medicine, and Life Sciences, Alzheimer Centre Limburg, School of Mental Health and Neuroscience (MHeNS), Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Nikos Priovoulos
- Faculty of Health, Medicine, and Life Sciences, Alzheimer Centre Limburg, School of Mental Health and Neuroscience (MHeNS), Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Frans R J Verhey
- Faculty of Health, Medicine, and Life Sciences, Alzheimer Centre Limburg, School of Mental Health and Neuroscience (MHeNS), Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Heidi I L Jacobs
- Faculty of Health, Medicine, and Life Sciences, Alzheimer Centre Limburg, School of Mental Health and Neuroscience (MHeNS), Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands.,Faculty of Psychology and Neuroscience, Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands.,Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Amore G, Spoto G, Ieni A, Vetri L, Quatrosi G, Di Rosa G, Nicotera AG. A Focus on the Cerebellum: From Embryogenesis to an Age-Related Clinical Perspective. Front Syst Neurosci 2021; 15:646052. [PMID: 33897383 PMCID: PMC8062874 DOI: 10.3389/fnsys.2021.646052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2020] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The cerebellum and its functional multiplicity and heterogeneity have been objects of curiosity and interest since ancient times, giving rise to the urge to reveal its complexity. Since the first hypothesis of cerebellar mere role in motor tuning and coordination, much more has been continuously discovered about the cerebellum’s circuitry and functioning throughout centuries, leading to the currently accepted knowledge of its prominent involvement in cognitive, social, and behavioral areas. Particularly in childhood, the cerebellum may subserve several age-dependent functions, which might be compromised in several Central Nervous System pathologies. Overall, cerebellar damage may produce numerous signs and symptoms and determine a wide variety of neuropsychiatric impairments already during the evolutive age. Therefore, an early assessment in children would be desirable to address a prompt diagnosis and a proper intervention since the first months of life. Here we provide an overview of the cerebellum, retracing its morphology, histogenesis, and physiological functions, and finally outlining its involvement in typical and atypical development and the age-dependent patterns of cerebellar dysfunctions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Greta Amore
- Unit of Child Neurology and Psychiatry, Department of Human Pathology of the Adult and Developmental Age "Gaetano Barresi", University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Giulia Spoto
- Unit of Child Neurology and Psychiatry, Department of Human Pathology of the Adult and Developmental Age "Gaetano Barresi", University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Antonio Ieni
- Unit of Pathology, Department of Human Pathology of the Adult and Developmental Age "Gaetano Barresi", University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Luigi Vetri
- Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Quatrosi
- Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Gabriella Di Rosa
- Unit of Child Neurology and Psychiatry, Department of Human Pathology of the Adult and Developmental Age "Gaetano Barresi", University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Antonio Gennaro Nicotera
- Unit of Child Neurology and Psychiatry, Department of Human Pathology of the Adult and Developmental Age "Gaetano Barresi", University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Lupo M, Olivito G, Angelini L, Funghi G, Pignatelli F, Siciliano L, Leggio M, Clausi S. Does the cerebellar sequential theory explain spoken language impairments? A literature review. CLINICAL LINGUISTICS & PHONETICS 2021; 35:296-309. [PMID: 32290716 DOI: 10.1080/02699206.2020.1745285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2020] [Revised: 03/01/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
During the past decades, converging evidence from clinical, neuroimaging and neuroanatomical studies has demonstrated the key role of the cerebellum in the processing of non-motor aspects of language. Although more is known about the way in which the cerebellum participates in the mechanisms involved in written language, there is ambiguous information on its role in other aspects of language, such as in non-motor aspects of spoken language. Thus, to contribute additional insight into this important issue, in the present work, we review several original scientific papers focusing on the most frequent non-motor spoken language impairments evidenced in patients affected by cerebellar pathology, namely, verbal working memory, grammar processing and verbal fluency impairments. Starting from the collected data, we provide a common interpretation of the spoken language disorders in cerebellar patients, suggesting that sequential processing could be the main mechanism by which the cerebellum participates in these abilities. Indeed, according to the cerebellar sequential theory, spoken language impairments could be due to altered cerebellar function to supervise, synchronize and coordinate the activity of different functional modules, affecting the correct optimization of linguistic processing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Lupo
- Ataxia Laboratory, IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy
| | - G Olivito
- Ataxia Laboratory, IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy
- Department of Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - L Angelini
- Ataxia Laboratory, IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy
| | - G Funghi
- Ataxia Laboratory, IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy
| | - F Pignatelli
- Ataxia Laboratory, IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy
| | - L Siciliano
- PhD Program in Behavioral Neuroscience, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - M Leggio
- Ataxia Laboratory, IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy
- Department of Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - S Clausi
- Department of Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Kim BH, Kim HE, Lee JS, Kim JJ. Anhedonia Relates to the Altered Global and Local Grey Matter Network Properties in Schizophrenia. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10071395. [PMID: 33807226 PMCID: PMC8038049 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10071395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Revised: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Anhedonia is one of the major negative symptoms in schizophrenia and defined as the loss of hedonic experience to various stimuli in real life. Although structural magnetic resonance imaging has provided a deeper understanding of anhedonia-related abnormalities in schizophrenia, network analysis of the grey matter focusing on this symptom is lacking. In this study, single-subject grey matter networks were constructed in 123 patients with schizophrenia and 160 healthy controls. The small-world property of the grey matter network and its correlations with the level of physical and social anhedonia were evaluated using graph theory analysis. In the global scale whole-brain analysis, the patients showed reduced small-world property of the grey matter network. The local-scale analysis further revealed reduced small-world property in the default mode network, salience/ventral attention network, and visual network. The regional-level analysis showed an altered relationship between the small-world properties and the social anhedonia scale scores in the cerebellar lobule in patients with schizophrenia. These results indicate that anhedonia in schizophrenia may be related to abnormalities in the grey matter network at both the global whole-brain scale and local-regional scale.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Byung-Hoon Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea;
- Institute of Behavioral Science in Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea; (H.E.K.); (J.S.L.)
| | - Hesun Erin Kim
- Institute of Behavioral Science in Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea; (H.E.K.); (J.S.L.)
| | - Jung Suk Lee
- Institute of Behavioral Science in Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea; (H.E.K.); (J.S.L.)
- Department of Psychiatry, National Health Insurance Service Ilsan Hospital, Goyang, Gyeonggi-do 10444, Korea
| | - Jae-Jin Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea;
- Institute of Behavioral Science in Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea; (H.E.K.); (J.S.L.)
- Department of Psychiatry, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 211 Eonju-ro, Gangnam-gu, Seoul 06273, Korea
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Out with the Old and in with the New: the Contribution of Prefrontal and Cerebellar Areas to Backward Inhibition. THE CEREBELLUM 2021; 19:426-436. [PMID: 32140845 DOI: 10.1007/s12311-020-01115-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
The inhibitory mechanism named backward inhibition (BI) counteracts interference of previous tasks supporting task switching. For instance, if task set A is inhibited when switching to task B, then it should take longer to immediately return to task set A (as occurring in an ABA sequence), as compared to a task set that has not been just inhibited (as occurring in a CBA sequence), because extra time will be needed to overcome the inhibition of task set A.The evidenced prefrontal and cerebellar role in inhibitory control suggests their involvement even in BI. Here, for the first time, we modulated the excitability of multiple brain sites (right presupplementary motor area (pre-SMA), left and right cerebellar hemispheres) through continuous theta burst stimulation (cTBS) in a valuable sham-controlled order-balanced within-subject experimental design in healthy individuals performing two domain-selective (verbal and spatial) task-switching paradigms. Verbal BI was abolished by prefrontal or cerebellar stimulations through opposite alterations of the basal pattern: cTBS on pre-SMA increased CBA reaction times, disclosing the current prefrontal inhibition of any interfering old task. Conversely, cerebellar cTBS decreased ABA reaction times, disclosing the current cerebellar recognition of sequences in which it is necessary to overcome previously inhibited events.
Collapse
|