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Physical and Biological Properties of a Chitosan Hydrogel Scaffold Associated to Photobiomodulation Therapy for Dental Pulp Regeneration: An In Vitro and In Vivo Study. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 2021:6684667. [PMID: 33575339 PMCID: PMC7857869 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6684667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2020] [Revised: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Background The regeneration of dental pulp, especially in cases of pulp death of immature teeth, is the goal of the regenerative endodontic procedures (REPs) that are based on tissue engineering principles, consisting of stem cells, growth factors, and scaffolds. Photobiomodulation therapy (PBMT) showed to improve dental pulp regeneration through cell homing approaches in preclinical studies and has been proposed as the fourth element of tissue engineering. However, when a blood clot was used as a scaffold in one of these previous studies, only 30% of success was achieved. The authors pointed out the instability of the blood clot as the regeneration shortcoming. Then, to circumvent this problem, a new scaffold was developed to be applied with the blood clot. The hypothesis of the present study was that an experimental injectable chitosan hydrogel would facilitate the three-dimensional spatial organization of endogenous stem cells in dental pulp regeneration with no interference on the positive influence of PBMT. Methods For the in vitro analysis, stem cells from the apical papilla (SCAPs) were characterized by flow cytometry and applied in the chitosan scaffold for evaluating adhesion, migration, and proliferation. For the in vivo analysis, the chitosan scaffold was applied in a rodent orthotopic dental pulp regeneration model under the influence of PBMT (660 nm; power output of 20 mW, beam area of 0.028 cm2, and energy density of 5 J/cm2). Results The scaffold tested in this study allowed significantly higher viability, proliferation, and migration of SCAPs in vitro when PBMT was applied, especially with the energy density of 5 J/cm2. These results were in consonance to those of the in vivo data, where pulp-like tissue formation was observed inside the root canal. Conclusion Chitosan hydrogel when applied with a blood clot and PBMT could in the future improve previous results of dental pulp regeneration through cell homing approaches.
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Biophysical, Biochemical, and Cell Based Approaches Used to Decipher the Role of Carbonic Anhydrases in Cancer and to Evaluate the Potency of Targeted Inhibitors. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY 2018; 2018:2906519. [PMID: 30112206 PMCID: PMC6077552 DOI: 10.1155/2018/2906519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2018] [Accepted: 06/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Carbonic anhydrases (CAs) are thought to be important for regulating pH in the tumor microenvironment. A few of the CA isoforms are upregulated in cancer cells, with only limited expression in normal cells. For these reasons, there is interest in developing inhibitors that target these tumor-associated CA isoforms, with increased efficacy but limited nonspecific cytotoxicity. Here we present some of the biophysical, biochemical, and cell based techniques and approaches that can be used to evaluate the potency of CA targeted inhibitors and decipher the role of CAs in tumorigenesis, cancer progression, and metastatic processes. These techniques include esterase activity assays, stop flow kinetics, and mass inlet mass spectroscopy (MIMS), all of which measure enzymatic activity of purified protein, in the presence or absence of inhibitors. Also discussed is the application of X-ray crystallography and Cryo-EM as well as other structure-based techniques and thermal shift assays to the studies of CA structure and function. Further, large-scale genomic and proteomic analytical methods, as well as cell based techniques like those that measure cell growth, apoptosis, clonogenicity, and cell migration and invasion, are discussed. We conclude by reviewing approaches that test the metastatic potential of CAs and how the aforementioned techniques have contributed to the field of CA cancer research.
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Park MK, Kanaho YI, Enomoto M. Regulation of the cell proliferation and migration as extra-pituitary functions of GnRH. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2013; 181:259-64. [PMID: 23032076 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2012.09.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2012] [Accepted: 09/21/2012] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
GnRH was originally identified as a hypothalamic factor which promotes gonadotropin release from the pituitary and was named gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH). However, broad tissue distributions of GnRH and the GnRH receptor in various extrapituitary tissues and organs have been revealed and it has been suggested that GnRH has extrapituitary effects such as neuromodulation, immunomodulation, and regulation of follicular atresia and ovulation. Although a number of studies have been performed on these effects, little is known about the molecular mechanisms and physiological settings in which GnRH exerts its activities in extrapituitary organs or tissues. Our recent studies had demonstrated that GnRH is able to regulate both cell proliferation and cell migration at much lower concentration than that in the peripheral circulation by using human carcinoma cell lines. Moreover, stimulating activity of GnRH on the developing chick embryonic GnRH neurons was also demonstrated and strongly suggests possible involvement of GnRH in some of extrapituitary functions. This mini-review intends to provide solid evidence of GnRH activity in the regulation of cell proliferation and migration and its physiological relevance in extra-pituitary functions. Recent other research, including that in various invertebrates, provides new insight into the evolutionary scenarios of GnRH signaling systems, and GnRH functions. Both proliferating and migrating activities are important fundamental cellular activities and could provide an important clue into understanding what the driving force behind the evolution of the GnRH signaling system was.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Kyun Park
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan.
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Chen WY, Yang WB, Wong CH, Shih DTB. Effect of Reishi polysaccharides on human stem/progenitor cells. Bioorg Med Chem 2010; 18:8583-91. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2010.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2010] [Revised: 10/01/2010] [Accepted: 10/06/2010] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Xun C, Luo C, Wu X, Zhang Q, Yan L, Shen S. Expression of hepaCAM and Its Effect on Proliferation of Tumor Cells in Renal Cell Carcinoma. Urology 2010; 75:828-34. [DOI: 10.1016/j.urology.2009.11.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2009] [Revised: 10/09/2009] [Accepted: 11/11/2009] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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Jaeger RG, Scarabotto-Neto N, Azambuja N, Freitas VM. Secretion of collagen I and tenascin is modulated by laminin-111 in 3D culture of human adenoid cystic carcinoma cells. Int J Exp Pathol 2008; 89:98-105. [PMID: 18336527 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2613.2007.00571.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Adenoid cystic carcinoma is a frequent malignant salivary gland neoplasm with high levels of recurrence and metastasis. This neoplasm expresses prominent extracellular matrix (ECM). We are studying regulatory mechanisms underlying secretion of ECM molecules in adenoid cystic carcinoma. We have previously demonstrated that laminin modulates the phenotype of a human adenoid cystic carcinoma (CAC2) cell line. Thus, this molecule would be a good candidate to regulate secretion of ECM molecules in these cells. Here we analysed the role played by laminin-111 [formerly laminin-1; Aumailley et al. (2005). Matrix Biol. 24, 326] stimulating secretory activity of CAC2 cells. Three-dimensional cultures of cells in laminin-111 (treated) or agarose (controls) were studied by light and electron microscopy. Ultrastructural analysis of CAC2 cells grown within laminin-111 showed pseudocysts filled with secretory-like material. Cells exhibited prominent and dilated endoplasmic reticulum and coated and uncoated vesicles. Ultrastructural findings suggested that laminin-111 induced secretory activity in CAC2 cells. We further investigated this point by light microscopy, immunofluorescence and confocal microscopy. Histochemistry showed periodic acid-Schiff (PAS)-positive diastase-resistant material in CAC2 cells treated by laminin-111. This material could represent laminin-induced secretion of ECM molecules. We searched for collagen I and tenascin in CAC2 cells treated by laminin-111. Confocal microscopy and immunoblot showed that laminin-111 enhanced secretion of collagen I and tenascin in CAC2 cells. We suggest that laminin-111 modulates secretion of collagen I and tenascin in cells derived from human adenoid cystic carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruy G Jaeger
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
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Gama-de-Souza LN, Cyreno-Oliveira E, Freitas VM, Melo ES, Vilas-Boas VF, Moriscot AS, Jaeger RG. Adhesion and protease activity in cell lines from human salivary gland tumors are regulated by the laminin-derived peptide AG73, syndecan-1 and beta1 integrin. Matrix Biol 2008; 27:402-19. [PMID: 18378436 DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2008.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2007] [Revised: 02/16/2008] [Accepted: 02/20/2008] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
We studied the induction of protease activity by the laminin alpha1-derived peptide AG73 in cells from adenoid cystic carcinoma (CAC2) and myoepithelioma (M1), respectively a malignant and a benign salivary gland tumors. Laminin alpha1 chain and MMP9 were immunolocalized in adenoid cystic carcinoma and myoepithelioma in vivo and in vitro. Cells grown inside AG73-enriched laminin-111 exhibited large spaces in the extracellular matrix, suggestive of remodeling. The broad spectrum MMP inhibitor GM6001 decreased spaces induced by AG73 in CAC2 and M1 cells. This result strongly suggests that AG73-mediated matrix remodeling involves matrix metalloproteinases. CAC2 and M1 cells cultured on AG73 showed a dose-dependent increase of MMP9 secretion, as detected by zymography. Furthermore, siRNA silencing of MMP9 decreased remodeling in 3D cultures. We searched for AG73 receptors regulating MMP9 activity in our cell lines. CAC2 and M1 cells grown on AG73 exhibited colocalization of syndecan-1 and beta1 integrin. siRNA knockdown of syndecan-1 expression in these cells resulted in decreased adhesion to AG73 and reduced protease and remodeling activity. We investigated syndecan-1 co-receptors in both cell lines. Silencing beta1 integrin inhibited adhesion to AG73, matrix remodeling and protease activity. Double-knockdown experiments were carried out to further explore syndecan-1 and beta1 integrin cooperation. CAC2 cells transfected with both syndecan-1 and beta1 integrin siRNA oligos showed significant decrease in adhesion to AG73. Simultaneous silencing of receptors also induced a decrease in protease activity. Our results suggest that syndecan-1 and beta1 integrin signaling downstream of AG73 regulate adhesion and MMP production by CAC2 and M1 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Letícia N Gama-de-Souza
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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Freitas VM, Vilas-Boas VF, Pimenta DC, Loureiro V, Juliano MA, Carvalho MR, Pinheiro JJV, Camargo ACM, Moriscot AS, Hoffman MP, Jaeger RG. SIKVAV, a laminin alpha1-derived peptide, interacts with integrins and increases protease activity of a human salivary gland adenoid cystic carcinoma cell line through the ERK 1/2 signaling pathway. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2007; 171:124-38. [PMID: 17591960 PMCID: PMC1941583 DOI: 10.2353/ajpath.2007.051264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Adenoid cystic carcinoma is a frequently occurring malignant salivary gland neoplasm. We studied the induction of protease activity by the laminin-derived peptide, SIKVAV, in cells (CAC2) derived from this neoplasm. Laminin alpha1 and matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) 2 and 9 were immunolocalized in adenoid cystic carcinoma cells in vivo and in vitro. CAC2 cells cultured on SIKVAV showed a dose-dependent increase of MMP9 as detected by zymography and colocalization of alpha3 and alpha6 integrins. Small interfering RNA (siRNA) knockdown of integrin expression in CAC2 cells resulted in decreased adhesion to the peptide. SIKVAV affinity chromatography and immunoblot analysis showed that alpha3, alpha6, and beta1 integrins were eluted from the SIKVAV column, which was confirmed by mass spectrometry and a solid-phase binding assay. Small interfering RNA experiments also showed that these integrins, through extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) 1/2 signaling, regulate MMP secretion induced by SIKVAV in CAC2 cells. We propose that SIKVAV increases protease activity of a human salivary gland adenoid cystic carcinoma cell line through alpha3beta1 and alpha6beta1 integrins and the ERK 1/2 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa M Freitas
- Universidade de São Paulo, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Departamento de Biologia Celular e do Desenvolvimento, Av Prof Lineu Prestes 1524, Ed Biomédicas 1, sala 405, São Paulo SP, Brazil
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Morais Freitas V, Nogueira da Gama de Souza L, Cyreno Oliveira E, Furuse C, Cavalcanti de Araújo V, Gastaldoni Jaeger R. Malignancy-related 67kDa laminin receptor in adenoid cystic carcinoma. Effect on migration and beta-catenin expression. Oral Oncol 2007; 43:987-98. [PMID: 17257887 DOI: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2006.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2006] [Revised: 11/07/2006] [Accepted: 11/08/2006] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Adenoid cystic carcinoma is a malignant salivary gland neoplasm with recurrence and metastasis. We studied the expression of a malignancy-related non-integrin laminin receptor, the 67LR, in this neoplasm. Immunohistochemistry showed 67LR in adenoid cystic carcinoma. This receptor binds a sequence of laminin beta1 chain, the YIGSR peptide. We studied the effect of 67LR and YIGSR in cells (CAC2) from adenoid cystic carcinoma. Three-dimensional cultures of cells embedded into either laminin-111 gel (controls) or YIGSR-enriched laminin-111 (treated) were prepared and studied by light microscopy. CAC2 cells treated with YIGSR appeared fibroblast-like, while control cells were epithelioid. Blockage of 67LR by antibody abolished YIGSR effect in three-dimensional cultures. We analysed the relevance of 67LR and YIGSR on beta-catenin expression in CAC2 cells. Immunofluorescence and immunoblot showed that YIGSR decreased beta-catenin, while blockage of 67LR restored the presence of this molecule. The 67LR and YIGSR induced fibroblast-like morphology in CAC2 cells, with disruption of cell-cell contacts and decrease of beta-catenin. These features resemble epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). EMT also increases cell migration. In monolayer assays YIGSR increased migration of CAC2 cells. We conclude that 67LR and YIGSR are involved in epithelial-mesenchymal transition, modulation of beta-catenin expression, and migratory activity of CAC2 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Morais Freitas
- Department of Cellular and Developmental Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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Marques MM, Martins MD, França CM. Effect of Matrigel on adenoid cystic carcinoma cell line differentiation. Int J Exp Pathol 2007; 87:405-10. [PMID: 17222208 PMCID: PMC2517392 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2613.2006.00498.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC) is a frequent malignant salivary gland neoplasm presenting different growth patterns described as tubular, cribriform and solid, which represent distinct differentiation stages. Cell lines originated from ACCs grown inside three-dimensional environments have not been capable to reproduce all in vivo ACC growth patterns. As ACC cells in vivo present replicated basement membrane, to mimic this situation in vitro ACC cells (CAC2 cells) were grown on the top of a reconstituted basement membrane (Matrigel). Phenotype differences were assessed by light, fluorescence and transmission electron microscopy. The cultures grown on the top of Matrigel presented three-dimensional arrangement of cells intercepted by cellular cords. At these, cell nests pseudocyst formations were observed. This morphological structure entirely reproduced the cribriform growth pattern of ACC. We suggest that the cribriform differentiation of ACC in culture is dependent of proteins and growth factors associated in a bi-dimensional structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Márcia M Marques
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
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Jarahian M, Watzl C, Issa Y, Altevogt P, Momburg F. Blockade of natural killer cell-mediated lysis by NCAM140 expressed on tumor cells. Int J Cancer 2007; 120:2625-34. [PMID: 17294447 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.22579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Expression of the neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM) on malignant cells of neuroendocrine, epithelial and hematopoeitic origin has been reported, but its role for tumor cell recognition by the immune system remained uncertain so far. We have studied the cytotoxicity of the natural killer (NK) cell line NK92 and polyclonal NK cells from different donors, against NCAM-deficient and NCAM-transfected tumors. While the pancreatic carcinoma PANC-1 and the glioblastoma T98G showed no enhanced susceptibility to NK lysis after NCAM transfection, de novo NCAM expression in HeLa cervical carcinoma, SHEP neuroblastoma and the multiple myeloma lines RPMI-8226 and LP-1 was associated with significantly decreased lysis by NK cells. Binding of an NCAM-specific monoclonal antibody to NCAM-positive target cells was able to reverse the reduced lysis susceptibility. Conjugate formation of NCAM-expressing tumor cells with NK cells was blocked and could be restored by anti-NCAM. NK cell-expressed NCAM molecules which might engage in homotypic cis- or trans-interactions had no apparent inhibitory function. The known cis-ligands of NCAM, heparan sulfate proteoglycan and L1-CAM, were also not directly involved in NK inhibition. ICAM-1 mRNA and cell surface expression was downmodulated in NCAM-transfected HeLa cells. ICAM-1 is involved in killer cell immune synapse formation. Its downmodulation may therefore contribute to the reduced lysis of NCAM-expressing target cells. We conclude that aberrant expression of NCAM on tumor cells of different histogenetic origin can lead to inhibition of target cell recognition and lysis by NK cells.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/immunology
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/pharmacology
- CHO Cells
- Cell Adhesion Molecules, Neuronal/genetics
- Cell Adhesion Molecules, Neuronal/immunology
- Cell Line
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Clone Cells
- Cricetinae
- Cricetulus
- Cytotoxicity Tests, Immunologic
- Cytotoxicity, Immunologic/drug effects
- Cytotoxicity, Immunologic/immunology
- Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
- Gene Expression
- HeLa Cells
- Humans
- Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1/genetics
- Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1/immunology
- Killer Cells, Natural/immunology
- Killer Cells, Natural/metabolism
- Neoplasms/genetics
- Neoplasms/immunology
- Neoplasms/pathology
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Transfection
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Affiliation(s)
- Mostafa Jarahian
- Department of Molecular Immunology, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
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Wang L, Sun M, Jiang Y, Yang L, Lei D, Lu C, Zhao Y, Zhang P, Yang Y, Li J. Nerve growth factor and tyrosine kinase A in human salivary adenoid cystic carcinoma: expression patterns and effects on in vitro invasive behavior. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2006; 64:636-41. [PMID: 16546643 DOI: 10.1016/j.joms.2005.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2004] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Perineural invasion is a frequent occurrence in salivary adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC) and may prevent complete surgical resection. Studies have indicated that nerve growth factor (NGF) and its high-affinity receptor tyrosine kinase A (TrkA) may play a role in perineural invasion in several malignancies in which perineural invasion is observed. The present study was conducted to investigate the expression of NGF and TrkA in salivary ACC and to examine the effects of NGF on adhesion, migration and invasion capacities of a salivary ACC cell line (SACC-83) in vitro. PATIENTS AND METHODS Expression of NGF and TrkA was explored using immunohistochemistry in paraffin-embedded tissues of 32 cases of salivary ACC. The effects of NGF on in vitro adhesion, migration, and invasion capacities of the SACC-83 cell line were examined using an MTT assay and a modified Boyden chamber assay respectively. RESULTS In ACC specimens, 31 (96.9%) and 32 (100%) tumors showed immunoreactivity for NGF and TrkA respectively. Significant correlations were found between NGF/TrkA expression levels and perineural invasion (P < .05). In cell adhesion assay, the percent adherences of SACC-83 cells co-cultured with 25 ng/ml NGF at 1.5 hours and 5, 25 ng/ml NGF at 6 hours were significantly higher than that co-cultured with 0 ng/ml NGF (P < .05). However, high concentration of NGF (500 ng/ml) resulted in a significant inhibition of invasion (P < .05). CONCLUSION Overexpression of NGF and TrkA in human salivary ACC tissues may constitute a reason for perineural invasion in salivary ACC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Wang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, P.R. China
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Enomoto M, Utsumi M, Park MK. Gonadotropin-releasing hormone induces actin cytoskeleton remodeling and affects cell migration in a cell-type-specific manner in TSU-Pr1 and DU145 cells. Endocrinology 2006; 147:530-42. [PMID: 16195410 DOI: 10.1210/en.2005-0460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
GnRH was first identified as the hypothalamic decapeptide that promotes gonadotropin release from pituitary gonadotropes. Thereafter, direct stimulatory and inhibitory effects of GnRH on cell proliferation were demonstrated in a number of types of primary cultured cells and established cell lines. Recently, the effects of GnRH on cell attachment, cytoskeleton remodeling, and cell migration have also been reported. Thus, the effects of GnRH on various cell activities are of great interest among researchers who study the actions of GnRH. In this study, we demonstrated that GnRH induces actin cytoskeleton remodeling and affects cell migration using two human prostatic carcinoma cell lines, TSU-Pr1 and DU145. In TSU-Pr1, GnRH-I and -II induced the filopodia formation of the cells and promoted cell migration, whereas in DU145, GnRH-I and -II induced the formation of the cells with stress fiber and inhibited cell migration. In our previous studies, we reported the stimulatory and inhibitory effects of GnRH on the cell proliferation of TSU-Pr1 and DU145 cells. This study provides the first evidence for the effects of GnRH on actin cytoskeleton remodeling and cell migration of cells in which cell proliferation was affected by GnRH at the same time. Moreover, we also demonstrated that the same human GnRH receptor subtype, human type I GnRH receptor, is essential for the effects of GnRH-I and -II on actin cytoskeleton remodeling and cell migration in both TSU-Pr1 and DU145 cells using the technique of gene knock-down by RNA interference.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masahiro Enomoto
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
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Abu-Ali S, Sugiura T, Takahashi M, Shiratsuchi T, Ikari T, Seki K, Hiraki A, Matsuki R, Shirasuna K. Expression of the urokinase receptor regulates focal adhesion assembly and cell migration in adenoid cystic carcinoma cells. J Cell Physiol 2005; 203:410-9. [PMID: 15521066 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.20242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Adenoid cystic carcinoma (AdCC) cell lines (ACCS and ACCT) showed higher migration responses and adhesion to the extracellular matrix (ECM), especially types I and IV collagen, than did the oral squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) lines (NA and TF). The response to collagens was largely and exclusively inhibited by anti-alpha(2) integrin antibody. Moreover, AdCC cell lines expressed higher surface levels of urokinase-type plasminogen activator receptor (uPAR) than did SCC cell lines. When AdCC cells were plated on collagen, the surface level of uPAR was increased, and numerous focal adhesions consisting of uPAR, vinculin, and paxillin were assembled; whereas collagen-stimulated SCC cell counterparts or AdCC cells plated on other types of ECM, such as fibronectin, failed to assemble such definite focal adhesions. In order to elucidate the association of uPAR with collagen-induced events, an ACCS-AS cell line transfected with a vector expressing antisense uPAR RNA was established and shown to have reduced uPAR (about 10% that of parental ACCS at both the protein and mRNA levels). ACCS-AS showed a strong reduction of collagen-stimulated migration and focal adhesion assembly of alpha(2) integrin, vinculin, and paxillin. These findings suggest that AdCC has a proclivity for migrating to types I and IV collagens due to the overexpression of uPAR, which plays a key role in focal adhesion assembly and migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samah Abu-Ali
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Graduate School of Dental Science, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
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Sequeiros Santiago G, Rodrigo Tapia JP, Llorente Pendás JL, Suárez Nieto C. Factores pronósticos en el carcinoma adenoide quístico de glándulas salivares. ACTA OTORRINOLARINGOLOGICA ESPANOLA 2005; 56:361-7. [PMID: 16285435 DOI: 10.1016/s0001-6519(05)78630-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC) is a relatively rare tumor which is characterized by its long clinical history, with multiple recurrences and late distant metastasis. The aim of the present study is to show our experience in the management of this tumor and the relationship of different clinico-pathological parameters with its prognosis. MATERIAL AND METHODS A retrospective study was carried out between 1984 and 2004 in 28 patients with ACC of the salivary glands, analyzing the most outstanding clinico-pathological variables in this tumor related to the prognosis of the tumor and the survival. RESULTS The overall survival rates at 5, 10 and 15 years were 88%, 69% and 52% respectively. Ten (36%) patients presented local recurrence and 10 (36%) presented distant metastasis (four of which also have local recurrence). Although the differences were not statistically significant, the patients with solid histological subtype (p=0.17), with positive margins status (p=0.2), with perineural invasion (p=0.59), and those treated with surgery alone (p=0.19), presented a worse survival. DISCUSSION/CONCLUSION Our study confirms that the ACC is a tumor with a high tendency to local recurrence and development of distant metastasis, even long term, which means a close follow-up for life. Nevertheless, it also demonstrates that acceptable survival rates can be obtained with aggressive treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Sequeiros Santiago
- Servicio de ORL. Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Instituto Universitario de Oncología, Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, Asturias.
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Freitas VM, Scheremeta B, Hoffman MP, Jaeger RG. Laminin-1 and SIKVAV a laminin-1-derived peptide, regulate the morphology and protease activity of a human salivary gland adenoid cystic carcinoma cell line. Oral Oncol 2004; 40:483-9. [PMID: 15006619 DOI: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2003.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2003] [Accepted: 10/01/2003] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
In a previous paper, we demonstrated that laminin-1 and its derived peptide SIKVAV modulates the morphology of an adenoid cystic carcinoma cell line (CAC2 cells). Light microscopy of CAC2 cells grown in three-dimensional preparations of SIKVAV-enriched laminin-1 showed the presence of pseudocystic spaces. Pseudocysts are hallmarks of adenoid cystic carcinoma in vivo. We hypothesized that these pseudocystic spaces could be due to the protease-inducing/activating role of SIKVAV. Thus, we studied the presence of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) in CAC2 cells treated either by laminin-1 or by SIKVAV-enriched laminin-1. Immunohistochemistry and zymography suggested that SIKVAV enhanced the secretion of MMP-2 and MMP-9 in CAC2 cells. We propose that SIKVAV induces pseudocystic formation probably through the secretion of MMPs 2 and 9.
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Affiliation(s)
- V M Freitas
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes 1524, São Paulo SP 05508-900, Brazil
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Capuano ACT, Jaeger RG. The effect of laminin and its peptide SIKVAV on a human salivary gland myoepithelioma cell line. Oral Oncol 2004; 40:36-42. [PMID: 14662413 DOI: 10.1016/s1368-8375(03)00130-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
We have demonstrated that the basement membrane regulates the myoepithelioma. We are now studying the effect of laminin, a basement membrane protein, in the morphology of a cell line (M1) derived from human salivary gland plasmacytoid myoepithelioma. These cells were grown inside a three-dimensional preparation of laminin-1. Phenotype differences were assessed by light and transmission electron microscopy. In addition, we analysed the effect of a molecular domain of laminin-1, the peptide SIKVAV, on M1 cells. This peptide was chosen because it is effective in cell proliferation and differentiation. M1 cells grown inside laminin-1 were mostly plasmacytoid-like, while cells treated by SIKVAV showed light and electron microscopic features of typical plasmacytoid cells. This peptide also modulated smooth-muscle actin expression in M1 cells. We demonstrated that laminin-1 and its derived peptide SIKVAV morphoregulates myoepithelioma cells in culture.
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Affiliation(s)
- A C T Capuano
- Department of Oral Pathology, School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo SP 05508-900, Brazil
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Chen HW, Yu SL, Chen JJW, Li HN, Lin YC, Yao PL, Chou HY, Chien CT, Chen WJ, Lee YT, Yang PC. Anti-invasive gene expression profile of curcumin in lung adenocarcinoma based on a high throughput microarray analysis. Mol Pharmacol 2004; 65:99-110. [PMID: 14722241 DOI: 10.1124/mol.65.1.99] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Curcumin has been reported to exhibit anti-invasive and/or antimetastatic activities, but the mechanism remains unclear. In this study, microarray analysis of gene expression profiles were used to characterize the anti-invasive mechanisms of curcumin in highly invasive lung adenocarcinoma cells (CL1-5). Results showed that curcumin significantly reduces the invasive capacity of CL1-5 cells in a concentration range far below its levels of cytotoxicity (20 microM) and that this anti-invasive effect was concentration dependent (10.17 +/- 0.76 x 10(3) cells at 0 microM; 5.67 +/- 1.53 x 10(3) cells at 1 microM; 2.67 +/- 0.58 x 10(3) cells at 5 microM; 1.15 +/- 1.03 x 10(3) cells at 10 microM; P < 0.05) in the Transwell cell culture chamber assay. Using microarray analysis, 81 genes were down-regulated and 71 genes were up-regulated after curcumin treatment. Below sublethal concentrations of curcumin (10 microM), several invasion-related genes were suppressed, including matrix metalloproteinase 14 (MMP14; 0.65-fold), neuronal cell adhesion molecule (0.54-fold), and integrins alpha6 (0.67-fold) and beta4 (0.63-fold). In addition, several heat-shock proteins (Hsp) [Hsp27 (2.78-fold), Hsp70 (3.75-fold), and Hsp40-like protein (3.21-fold)] were induced by curcumin. Real-time quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, Western blotting, and immunohistochemistry confirmed these results in both RNA and protein levels. Curcumin (1 to 10 microM) reduced the MMP14 expression in both mRNA and protein levels and also inhibited the activity of MMP2, the down-stream gelatinase of MMP14, by gelatin zymographic analysis. Based on these data, it can be concluded that curcumin might be an effective antimetastatic agent with a mechanism of anti-invasion via the regulation of certain gene expressions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huei-Wen Chen
- Department of Medical Research, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
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Saleh ERM, França CM, Marques MM. Neural adhesion molecule (N-CAM) in pleomorphic adenoma and carcinoma ex-pleomorphic adenoma. J Oral Pathol Med 2003; 32:562-7. [PMID: 12969231 DOI: 10.1034/j.1600-0714.2003.00076.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The neural cell adhesion molecule (N-CAM) has been implicated in the behaviour of the adenoid cystic carcinoma. In vitro, it was demonstrated that N-CAM inhibits cell invasion. The aim of this study was to search for N-CAM in the most common salivary gland tumour that has a malignant counterpart. METHODS We investigated the presence of N-CAM in pleomorphic adenoma and its malignant counterpart, the carcinoma ex-pleomorphic adenoma, using the immunohistochemistry technique. RESULTS Neural cell adhesion molecule was expressed in all cases of pleomorphic adenoma, strongly labelling the luminal cells of the double-layered ductform structures. This expression was weaker in neoplastic myoepithelial cells and progressively diminished at a distance from the luminal cells. In carcinoma, ex-pleomorphic adenoma N-CAM was either totally absent or faintly present at the apical pole of the few luminal cells. CONCLUSIONS As a result of the peculiar distribution of N-CAM in pleomorphic adenoma, we speculated that N-CAM behaves as a tumour-suppressor molecule, which is expressed in the benign neoplasm and which is down-regulated after malignancy, when the tumour assumes an invasive behaviour.
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Affiliation(s)
- E R M Saleh
- School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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