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Smith S, Goodge K, Delaney M, Struzyk A, Tansey N, Frey M. A Comprehensive Review of the Covalent Immobilization of Biomolecules onto Electrospun Nanofibers. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 10:E2142. [PMID: 33121181 PMCID: PMC7692479 DOI: 10.3390/nano10112142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Revised: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Biomolecule immobilization has attracted the attention of various fields such as fine chemistry and biomedicine for their use in several applications such as wastewater, immunosensors, biofuels, et cetera. The performance of immobilized biomolecules depends on the substrate and the immobilization method utilized. Electrospun nanofibers act as an excellent substrate for immobilization due to their large surface area to volume ratio and interconnectivity. While biomolecules can be immobilized using adsorption and encapsulation, covalent immobilization offers a way to permanently fix the material to the fiber surface resulting in high efficiency, good specificity, and excellent stability. This review aims to highlight the various covalent immobilization techniques being utilized and their benefits and drawbacks. These methods typically fall into two categories: (1) direct immobilization and (2) use of crosslinkers. Direct immobilization techniques are usually simple and utilize the strong electrophilic functional groups on the nanofiber. While crosslinkers are used as an intermediary between the nanofiber substrate and the biomolecule, with some crosslinkers being present in the final product and others simply facilitating the reactions. We aim to provide an explanation of each immobilization technique, biomolecules commonly paired with said technique and the benefit of immobilization over the free biomolecule.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soshana Smith
- Department of Fiber Science and Apparel Design, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA; (K.G.); (N.T.); (M.F.)
| | - Katarina Goodge
- Department of Fiber Science and Apparel Design, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA; (K.G.); (N.T.); (M.F.)
| | - Michael Delaney
- Robert Frederick Smith School of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA; (M.D.); (A.S.)
| | - Ariel Struzyk
- Robert Frederick Smith School of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA; (M.D.); (A.S.)
| | - Nicole Tansey
- Department of Fiber Science and Apparel Design, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA; (K.G.); (N.T.); (M.F.)
| | - Margaret Frey
- Department of Fiber Science and Apparel Design, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA; (K.G.); (N.T.); (M.F.)
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Memon AH, Ding R, Yuan Q, Liang H, Wei Y. Coordination of GMP ligand with Cu to enhance the multiple enzymes stability and substrate specificity by co-immobilization process. Biochem Eng J 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2018.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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3
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Kumari A, Datta S. Phospholipid bilayer functionalized membrane pores for enhanced efficiency of immobilized glucose oxidase enzyme. J Memb Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2017.05.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Dong C, Wang H, Zhang Z, Zhang T, Liu B. Carboxybetaine methacrylate oligomer modified nylon for circulating tumor cells capture. J Colloid Interface Sci 2014; 432:135-43. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2014.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2014] [Revised: 06/30/2014] [Accepted: 07/01/2014] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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Ren T, Mao Z, Moya SE, Gao C. Immobilization of Enzymes on 2-Hydroxyethyl Methacrylate and Glycidyl Methacrylate Copolymer Brushes. Chem Asian J 2014; 9:2132-9. [DOI: 10.1002/asia.201402150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2014] [Revised: 04/01/2014] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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Nylon 6 film and nanofiber carriers: Preparation and laccase immobilization performance. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molcatb.2014.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Biocatalytic nylon nanofibrous membranes. Anal Bioanal Chem 2010; 398:3097-103. [PMID: 20953773 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-010-4267-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2010] [Revised: 09/27/2010] [Accepted: 09/28/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Nylon-6 nanofibrous membranes (NFM) have been prepared, characterized and used to build-up electrochemical biosensing devices. The assembly and the functioning of biocatalytic NFM are described in connection with the physical and the covalent immobilization of glucose oxidase for the detection of glucose. Effects of the enzyme loading, the mediator, the pH, the surface acidity and the kinetic of the catalysis have been thoroughly investigated. The results show that NFM allow the binding of proteins without the need for the hydrolysis step, in contrast to the nylon film. Furthermore, the high surface-to-volume ratio of the NFM allow superior loading of the enzyme with respect to thin film technology. The immobilization step does not affect the permeability of the coating to the mediator used. These results give evidence that NFM are a promising and inexpensive coating for a novel electrochemical transducer.
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Scampicchio M, Arecchi A, Bianco A, Bulbarello A, Bertarelli C, Mannino S. Nylon Nanofibrous Biosensors for Glucose Determination. ELECTROANAL 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.200900446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Zhang Z, Zhu X, Xu F, Neoh K, Kang E. Temperature- and pH-sensitive nylon membranes prepared via consecutive surface-initiated atom transfer radical graft polymerizations. J Memb Sci 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2009.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Nan C, Zhang Y, Zhang G, Dong C, Shuang S, Choi MM. Activation of nylon net and its application to a biosensor for determination of glucose in human serum. Enzyme Microb Technol 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2008.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Jin G, Yao Q, Zhang S, Zhang L. Surface modifying of microporous PTFE capillary for bilirubin removing from human plasma and its blood compatibility. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2008.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Portaccio M, Durante D, Viggiano A, Di Martino S, De Luca P, Di Tuoro D, Bencivenga U, Rossi S, Canciglia P, De Luca B, Mita D. Amperometric Glucose Determination by Means of Glucose Oxidase Immobilized on a Cellulose Acetate Film: Dependence on the Immobilization Procedures. ELECTROANAL 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.200703934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Xu FJ, Zhao JP, Kang ET, Neoh KG, Li J. Functionalization of nylon membranes via surface-initiated atom-transfer radical polymerization. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2007; 23:8585-92. [PMID: 17622163 DOI: 10.1021/la7011342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
The ability to manipulate and control the surface properties of nylons is of crucial importance to their widespread applications. In this work, surface-initiated atom-transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) is employed to tailor the functionality of the nylon membrane and pore surfaces in a well-controlled manner. A simple two-step method, involving the activation of surface amide groups with formaldehyde and the reaction of the resulting N-methylol polyamide with 2-bromoisobutyryl bromide, was first developed for the covalent immobilization of ATRP initiators on the nylon membrane and its pore surfaces. Functional polymer brushes of 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA) and poly(ethylene glycol)monomethacrylate (PEGMA) were prepared via surface-initiated ATRP from the nylon membranes. A kinetics study revealed that the chain growth from the membranes was consistent with a "controlled" process. The dormant chain ends of the grafted HEMA polymer (P(HEMA)) and PEGMA polymer (P(PEGMA)) on the nylon membranes could be reactivated for the consecutive surface-initiated ATRP to produce the corresponding nylon membranes functionalized by P(HEMA)-b-P(PEGMA) and P(PEGMA)-b-P(HEMA) diblock copolymer brushes. In addition, membranes with grafted P(HEMA) and P(PEGMA) brushes exhibited good resistance to protein adsorption and fouling under continuous-flow conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- F J Xu
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, Kent Ridge, Singapore 119260
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Portaccio M, Di Martino S, Maiuri P, Durante D, De Luca P, Lepore M, Bencivenga U, Rossi S, De Maio A, Mita D. Biosensors for phenolic compounds: The catechol as a substrate model. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molcatb.2006.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Pérez JPH, López-Cabarcos E, López-Ruiz B. The application of methacrylate-based polymers to enzyme biosensors. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006; 23:233-45. [PMID: 16880004 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioeng.2006.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2005] [Revised: 06/19/2006] [Accepted: 06/19/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Enzyme electrodes based on methacrylates have received significant attention in the development of biosensors. This article reviews the use and application of methacrylate and its derivatives as an immobilization system for the preparation of enzyme electrodes. Resent examples, extracted from the literature, illustrate the superior performance of such materials in the fabrication of biosensors and bioreactors.
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Affiliation(s)
- J P Hervás Pérez
- Sección Departamental de Química Analítica, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain
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Yamada K, Iizawa Y, Yamada JI, Hirata M. Retention of activity of urease immobilized on grafted polymer films. J Appl Polym Sci 2006. [DOI: 10.1002/app.24861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Vasileva N, Godjevargova T, Konsulov V, Simeonova A, Turmanova S. Behavior of immobilized glucose oxidase on membranes from polyacrylonitrile and copolymer of methylmethacrylate-dichlorophenylmaleimide. J Appl Polym Sci 2006. [DOI: 10.1002/app.24221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Zhou Z, Qiao L, Zhang P, Xiao D, Choi MMF. An optical glucose biosensor based on glucose oxidase immobilized on a swim bladder membrane. Anal Bioanal Chem 2005; 383:673-9. [PMID: 16177915 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-005-0023-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2005] [Revised: 07/04/2005] [Accepted: 07/06/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
An optical glucose biosensor using a swim bladder membrane as an enzyme immobilization platform and an oxygen-sensitive membrane as an optical oxygen transducer has been developed. During the enzymatic reaction, glucose is oxidized by glucose oxidase with a concomitant consumption of dissolved oxygen resulting in an increase in the fluorescence intensity of the optical oxygen transducer. The fluorescence intensity is directly related to the glucose concentration. The effects of pH, temperature, buffer concentration, and selectivity have been studied in detail. The immobilized enzyme retained 80% of its initial activity after being kept for more than 10 months at 4 degrees C. The glucose biosensor has been successfully applied to the determination of glucose content in human blood serum and urine samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zaide Zhou
- College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, P.R. China
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Abstract
A layer-by-layer deposition strategy for preparing protein nanotubes within the pores of a nanopore alumina template membrane is described. This method entails alternately exposing the template membrane to a solution of the desired protein and then to a solution of glutaraldehyde, which acts as cross-linking agent to hold the protein layers together. The number of layers of protein that make up the nanotube walls can be controlled at will by varying the number of alternate protein/glutaraldehyde cycles. After the desired number of layers have been deposited on the pore walls, the alumina template can be dissolved to liberate the protein nanotubes. We show here that glucose oxidase nanotubes prepared in this way catalyze glucose oxidation and that hemoglobin nanotubes retain their heme electroactivity. Furthermore, for the glucose oxidase nanotubes, the enzymatic activity increases with the nanotube wall thickness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shifeng Hou
- Departments of Chemistry and Anesthesiology and Center for Research at the Bio/Nano Interface, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611-7200
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Bayramoğlu G, Altınok H, Bulut A, Denizli A, Arıca M. Preparation and application of spacer-arm-attached poly(hydroxyethyl methacrylate-co-glycidyl methacrylate) films for urease immobilisation. REACT FUNCT POLYM 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/s1381-5148(03)00050-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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