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Sorapukdee S, Sumpavapol P, Benjakul S, Tangwatcharin P. Collagenolytic proteases from Bacillus subtilis B13 and B. siamensis S6 and their specificity toward collagen with low hydrolysis of myofibrils. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2020.109307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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2
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Iigatani R, Ito T, Watanabe F, Nagamine M, Suzuki Y, Inoue K. Electricity generation from sweet potato-shochu waste using microbial fuel cells. J Biosci Bioeng 2019; 128:56-63. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiosc.2018.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2018] [Revised: 11/25/2018] [Accepted: 12/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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3
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Pequeno ACL, Arruda AA, Silva DF, Duarte Neto JMW, Silveira Filho VM, Converti A, Marques DAV, Porto ALF, Lima CA. Production and characterization of collagenase from a new Amazonian Bacillus cereus strain. Prep Biochem Biotechnol 2019; 49:501-509. [PMID: 30945982 DOI: 10.1080/10826068.2019.1587627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
A new collagenase producing a strain of Bacillus cereus, isolated from the pollen of a bee of Amazon Region (Brazil), had its enzyme characterized and the production medium composition and culture conditions enhanced. A two-level design on three factors, namely initial medium pH, the substrate (gelatin) concentration and agitation intensity, allowed identifying the first two variables as the most significant ones, while a central composite design (CCD) was subsequently used to identify their optimal levels. Statistics highlighted maximized collagenolytic activity when substrate concentration and initial medium pH were selected at their highest levels (positive effects), whereas agitation intensity at the lowest (negative effect). Triplicate runs performed under predicted optimal conditions (pH 7.8 and 1.7% gelatin concentration) yielded a collagenolytic activity (305.39 ± 5.15 U) 4.6- to 15-fold those obtained with the preliminary design. The enzyme displayed optimum activity at 45 °C and pH 7.2, was stable over wide ranges of pH values and temperatures (7.2-11.0 and 25-50 °C, respectively) and was strongly inhibited by 10 mM phenylmethylsulphonyl fluoride. The zymogram showed two prominent bands at 50 and 76 kDa. These results are a first attempt to elucidate the features of this new collagenase, its production conditions, and possible scale-up.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexsandra C L Pequeno
- a Laboratory of Biotechnology and Therapeutic Innovation, University of Pernambuco-UPE , Garanhuns , PE , Brazil
| | - Aline A Arruda
- b Laboratory of Immunopathology Keizo Asami (LIKA) , Federal University of Pernambuco-UFPE , Recife , PE , Brazil
| | - Douglas F Silva
- a Laboratory of Biotechnology and Therapeutic Innovation, University of Pernambuco-UPE , Garanhuns , PE , Brazil
| | - José M W Duarte Neto
- b Laboratory of Immunopathology Keizo Asami (LIKA) , Federal University of Pernambuco-UFPE , Recife , PE , Brazil
| | - Vladimir M Silveira Filho
- a Laboratory of Biotechnology and Therapeutic Innovation, University of Pernambuco-UPE , Garanhuns , PE , Brazil
| | - Attilio Converti
- c Department of Civil, Chemical and Environmental Engineering , Genoa University , Genoa , Italy
| | - Daniela A V Marques
- d Laboratory of Microbiology and Parasitology, University of Pernambuco (UPE) , Serra Talhada , PE , Brazil
| | - Ana L F Porto
- e Department of Morphology and Animal Physiology , Federal Rural University of Pernambuco- UFRPE , Recife , PE , Brazil
| | - Carolina A Lima
- a Laboratory of Biotechnology and Therapeutic Innovation, University of Pernambuco-UPE , Garanhuns , PE , Brazil
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Orellana R, Macaya C, Bravo G, Dorochesi F, Cumsille A, Valencia R, Rojas C, Seeger M. Living at the Frontiers of Life: Extremophiles in Chile and Their Potential for Bioremediation. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:2309. [PMID: 30425685 PMCID: PMC6218600 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.02309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2018] [Accepted: 09/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Extremophiles are organisms capable of adjust, survive or thrive in hostile habitats that were previously thought to be adverse or lethal for life. Chile gathers a wide range of extreme environments: salars, geothermal springs, and geysers located at Altiplano and Atacama Desert, salars and cold mountains in Central Chile, and ice fields, cold lakes and fjords, and geothermal sites in Patagonia and Antarctica. The aims of this review are to describe extremophiles that inhabit main extreme biotopes in Chile, and their molecular and physiological capabilities that may be advantageous for bioremediation processes. After briefly describing the main ecological niches of extremophiles along Chilean territory, this review is focused on the microbial diversity and composition of these biotopes microbiomes. Extremophiles have been isolated in diverse zones in Chile that possess extreme conditions such as Altiplano, Atacama Desert, Central Chile, Patagonia, and Antarctica. Interesting extremophiles from Chile with potential biotechnological applications include thermophiles (e.g., Methanofollis tationis from Tatio Geyser), acidophiles (e.g., Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans, Leptospirillum ferriphilum from Atacama Desert and Central Chile copper ores), halophiles (e.g., Shewanella sp. Asc-3 from Altiplano, Streptomyces sp. HKF-8 from Patagonia), alkaliphiles (Exiguobacterium sp. SH31 from Altiplano), xerotolerant bacteria (S. atacamensis from Atacama Desert), UV- and Gamma-resistant bacteria (Deinococcus peraridilitoris from Atacama Desert) and psychrophiles (e.g., Pseudomonas putida ATH-43 from Antarctica). The molecular and physiological properties of diverse extremophiles from Chile and their application in bioremediation or waste treatments are further discussed. Interestingly, the remarkable adaptative capabilities of extremophiles convert them into an attractive source of catalysts for bioremediation and industrial processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Orellana
- Laboratorio de Microbiología Molecular y Biotecnología Ambiental, Departamento de Química and Centro de Biotecnología Daniel Alkalay Lowitt, Universidad Técnica Federico Santa María, Valparaíso, Chile
- Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Exactas, Universidad de Playa Ancha, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Constanza Macaya
- Laboratorio de Microbiología Molecular y Biotecnología Ambiental, Departamento de Química and Centro de Biotecnología Daniel Alkalay Lowitt, Universidad Técnica Federico Santa María, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Guillermo Bravo
- Laboratorio de Microbiología Molecular y Biotecnología Ambiental, Departamento de Química and Centro de Biotecnología Daniel Alkalay Lowitt, Universidad Técnica Federico Santa María, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Flavia Dorochesi
- Laboratorio de Microbiología Molecular y Biotecnología Ambiental, Departamento de Química and Centro de Biotecnología Daniel Alkalay Lowitt, Universidad Técnica Federico Santa María, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Andrés Cumsille
- Laboratorio de Microbiología Molecular y Biotecnología Ambiental, Departamento de Química and Centro de Biotecnología Daniel Alkalay Lowitt, Universidad Técnica Federico Santa María, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Ricardo Valencia
- Laboratorio de Microbiología Molecular y Biotecnología Ambiental, Departamento de Química and Centro de Biotecnología Daniel Alkalay Lowitt, Universidad Técnica Federico Santa María, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Claudia Rojas
- Laboratorio de Microbiología Molecular y Biotecnología Ambiental, Departamento de Química and Centro de Biotecnología Daniel Alkalay Lowitt, Universidad Técnica Federico Santa María, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Michael Seeger
- Laboratorio de Microbiología Molecular y Biotecnología Ambiental, Departamento de Química and Centro de Biotecnología Daniel Alkalay Lowitt, Universidad Técnica Federico Santa María, Valparaíso, Chile
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Diversity, Structures, and Collagen-Degrading Mechanisms of Bacterial Collagenolytic Proteases. Appl Environ Microbiol 2015; 81:6098-107. [PMID: 26150451 DOI: 10.1128/aem.00883-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacterial collagenolytic proteases are important because of their essential role in global collagen degradation and because of their virulence in some human bacterial infections. Bacterial collagenolytic proteases include some metalloproteases of the M9 family from Clostridium or Vibrio strains, some serine proteases distributed in the S1, S8, and S53 families, and members of the U32 family. In recent years, there has been remarkable progress in discovering new bacterial collagenolytic proteases and in investigating the collagen-degrading mechanisms of bacterial collagenolytic proteases. This review provides comprehensive insight into bacterial collagenolytic proteases, especially focusing on the structures and collagen-degrading mechanisms of representative bacterial collagenolytic proteases in each family. The roles of bacterial collagenolytic proteases in human diseases and global nitrogen cycling, together with the biotechnological and medical applications for these proteases, are also briefly discussed.
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Lima CA, Campos JF, Filho JLL, Converti A, da Cunha MGC, Porto ALF. Antimicrobial and radical scavenging properties of bovine collagen hydrolysates produced by Penicillium aurantiogriseum URM 4622 collagenase. Journal of Food Science and Technology 2014; 52:4459-66. [PMID: 26139912 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-014-1463-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 06/17/2014] [Accepted: 06/27/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
A 2(3) full factorial design was used to identify the main effects and interactions of pH, collagen concentration and temperature on the degree of collagen hydrolysis (DH) by collagenase from Penicillium aurantiogriseum URM 4622. Increases in both pH and collagen concentration improved DH, and a positive interaction effect was observed for these variables. On the other hand, temperature had a negative main effect on DH. The maximum value of DH (4.65 μg/mL) was achieved at 7.5 mg/mL collagen concentration, pH 8.0 and 25 °C. The peptide profile showed several peptides with molecular weights lower than 2 kDa and exhibited antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli, Bacillus subtilis and Staphylococcus aureus. An antioxidant activity of 84.7 ± 0.24 % towards the radical ABTS• + was obtained with 50 mg/mL hydrolysates. This study demonstrated that collagen hydrolysed by P. aurantiogriseum URM 4622 collagenase possesses interesting antibacterial and antioxidant activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina A Lima
- Faculty of Science, Education and Technology of Garanhuns, University of Pernambuco-UPE, Av. Capitão Pedro Rodrigues, n 105, Garanhuns, PE Brazil
| | - Júlia Furtado Campos
- Northeastern Center of Strategic Technologies (CETENE), Av. Prof. Luiz Freire, n 1, Recife, PE 50740-540 Brazil
| | - José L Lima Filho
- Laboratory of Immunopathology Keizo Asami (LIKA), Federal University of Pernambuco-UFPE, Av. Prof. Moraes Lins do Rego, s/n, Recife, PE 50670-901 Brazil ; Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Pernambuco-UFPE, Av. Professor Moraes Rego, s/n, Campus Universitário, Recife, PE 50670-901 Brazil
| | - Attilio Converti
- Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, University of Genoa, via Opera Pia 15, 16145, Genoa, Italy
| | - Maria G Carneiro da Cunha
- Laboratory of Immunopathology Keizo Asami (LIKA), Federal University of Pernambuco-UFPE, Av. Prof. Moraes Lins do Rego, s/n, Recife, PE 50670-901 Brazil ; Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Pernambuco-UFPE, Av. Professor Moraes Rego, s/n, Campus Universitário, Recife, PE 50670-901 Brazil
| | - Ana L F Porto
- Laboratory of Immunopathology Keizo Asami (LIKA), Federal University of Pernambuco-UFPE, Av. Prof. Moraes Lins do Rego, s/n, Recife, PE 50670-901 Brazil ; Department of Morphology and Animal Physiology, Federal Rural University of Pernambuco-UFRPE, Av. Dom Manoel de Medeiros, s/n, Recife, PE 52171-900 Brazil
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Decomposition of Intact Chicken Feathers by a Thermophile in Combination with an Acidulocomposting Garbage-Treatment Process. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2014; 73:2519-21. [DOI: 10.1271/bbb.90398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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8
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Gelatinolytic enzymes from Bacillus amyloliquefaciens isolated from fish docks: Characteristics and hydrolytic activity. Food Sci Biotechnol 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s10068-013-0178-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
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9
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Lima CA, Júnior ACF, Filho JLL, Converti A, Marques DAV, Carneiro-da-Cunha MG, Porto ALF. Two-phase partitioning and partial characterization of a collagenase from Penicillium aurantiogriseum URM4622: Application to collagen hydrolysis. Biochem Eng J 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2013.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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10
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Lima CA, Filho JLL, Neto BB, Converti A, Carneiro da Cunha MG, Porto ALF. Production and characterization of a collagenolytic serine proteinase by Penicillium aurantiogriseum URM 4622: A factorial study. BIOTECHNOL BIOPROC E 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s12257-010-0247-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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11
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Acidophilic bacteria and archaea: acid stable biocatalysts and their potential applications. Extremophiles 2011; 16:1-19. [PMID: 22080280 DOI: 10.1007/s00792-011-0402-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2010] [Accepted: 10/05/2011] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Acidophiles are ecologically and economically important group of microorganisms, which thrive in acidic natural (solfataric fields, sulfuric pools) as well as artificial man-made (areas associated with human activities such as mining of coal and metal ores) environments. They possess networked cellular adaptations to regulate pH inside the cell. Several extracellular enzymes from acidophiles are known to be functional at much lower pH than the cytoplasmic pH. Enzymes like amylases, proteases, ligases, cellulases, xylanases, α-glucosidases, endoglucanases, and esterases stable at low pH are known from various acidophilic microbes. The possibility of improving them by genetic engineering and directed evolution will further boost their industrial applications. Besides biocatalysts, other biomolecules such as plasmids, rusticynin, and maltose-binding protein have also been reported from acidophiles. Some strategies for circumventing the problems encountered in expressing genes encoding proteins from extreme acidophiles have been suggested. The investigations on the analysis of crystal structures of some acidophilic proteins have thrown light on their acid stability. Attempts are being made to use thermoacidophilic microbes for biofuel production from lignocellulosic biomass. The enzymes from acidophiles are mainly used in polymer degradation.
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Suphatharaprateep W, Cheirsilp B, Jongjareonrak A. Production and properties of two collagenases from bacteria and their application for collagen extraction. N Biotechnol 2011; 28:649-55. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nbt.2011.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2011] [Revised: 03/02/2011] [Accepted: 04/18/2011] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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13
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Production and Stability of Protease from Candida buinensis. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2010; 162:830-42. [DOI: 10.1007/s12010-009-8779-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2009] [Accepted: 09/07/2009] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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14
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Kurata A, Miyazaki M, Kobayashi T, Nogi Y, Horikoshi K. Alkalimonas collagenimarina sp. nov., a psychrotolerant, obligate alkaliphile isolated from deep-sea sediment. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2007; 57:1549-1553. [PMID: 17625192 DOI: 10.1099/ijs.0.65084-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
A psychrotolerant, obligately alkaliphilic, collagenolytic enzyme-producing bacterium, strain AC40(T), was isolated from a deep-sea sediment off Torishima Island, Japan, at a depth of 4026 m. Phylogenetic analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that this bacterium was closely related to members of the genus Alkalimonas, with highest sequence similarity (97.9 %) to Alkalimonas delamerensis 1E1(T). DNA-DNA hybridization experiments of strain AC40(T) with A. delamerensis 1E1(T) revealed a level of relatedness of less than 30 %. Cells of strain AC40(T) were strictly aerobic, rod-shaped, Gram-negative and motile by means of a single polar flagellum. The organism grew over a range of temperatures from 5 to 37 degrees C and at initial pH values between 7.0 and 10.5. Optimal growth was observed at 33 degrees C and at pH 8.5-10.0. Cellular fatty acids of strain AC40(T) were predominantly saturated and mono-unsaturated straight-chain components (C(16 : 0) and C(18 : 1)). The major isoprenoid quinone was Q-8. The G+C content of the DNA was 49.3 mol%. Phylogenetic characteristics, physiological properties and DNA-DNA hybridization data indicate that strain AC40(T) represents a novel species of the genus Alkalimonas, for which the name Alkalimonas collagenimarina sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is AC40(T) (=JCM 14267(T)=NCIMB 14266(T)).
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MESH Headings
- Aerobiosis
- Bacterial Typing Techniques
- Base Composition
- Collagen/metabolism
- Collagenases/analysis
- DNA, Bacterial/chemistry
- DNA, Bacterial/genetics
- DNA, Ribosomal/chemistry
- DNA, Ribosomal/genetics
- Fatty Acids/analysis
- Flagella/physiology
- Gammaproteobacteria/chemistry
- Gammaproteobacteria/classification
- Gammaproteobacteria/isolation & purification
- Gammaproteobacteria/physiology
- Genes, rRNA
- Geologic Sediments/microbiology
- Hydrogen-Ion Concentration
- Japan
- Locomotion
- Microscopy, Electron, Transmission
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Nucleic Acid Hybridization
- Phylogeny
- Quinones/analysis
- RNA, Bacterial/genetics
- RNA, Ribosomal, 16S/genetics
- Sequence Analysis, DNA
- Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid
- Temperature
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsushi Kurata
- Extremobiosphere Research Center of Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology (JAMSTEC), 2-15 Natsushima, Yokosuka 237-0061, Japan
| | - Masayuki Miyazaki
- Extremobiosphere Research Center of Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology (JAMSTEC), 2-15 Natsushima, Yokosuka 237-0061, Japan
| | - Tohru Kobayashi
- Extremobiosphere Research Center of Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology (JAMSTEC), 2-15 Natsushima, Yokosuka 237-0061, Japan
| | - Yuichi Nogi
- Extremobiosphere Research Center of Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology (JAMSTEC), 2-15 Natsushima, Yokosuka 237-0061, Japan
| | - Koki Horikoshi
- Extremobiosphere Research Center of Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology (JAMSTEC), 2-15 Natsushima, Yokosuka 237-0061, Japan
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Suzuki Y, Tsujimoto Y, Matsui H, Watanabe K. Decomposition of extremely hard-to-degrade animal proteins by thermophilic bacteria. J Biosci Bioeng 2006; 102:73-81. [PMID: 17027867 DOI: 10.1263/jbb.102.73] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2006] [Accepted: 05/15/2006] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Hard-to-degrade animal proteins are ubiquitously present throughout animal bodies. Enormous numbers of these proteins generated in the meat industry are converted to industrial wastes, the disposal of which is tremendously difficult. Most hard-to-degrade animal proteins are currently disposed of by incineration; however, this method has ecological disadvantages in terms of an apparent energy loss and the production of a large amount of carbon dioxide. As a result, an innovative solution to these problems has been sought. In this review, we focus on the degradation of three hard-to-degrade animal proteins (extracellular matrix proteins, collagen in particular, keratin, and prion proteins) and discuss the decomposing capability of thermophilic bacteria. These proteins are strongly resistant to proteinases because of their structural features; therefore, new approaches employing bacterial proteases with strong activity and broad specificity are required for practical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasunori Suzuki
- Department of Applied Biochemistry, Kyoto Prefectural University, Shimogamo, Sakyo, Kyoto 606-8522, Japan
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17
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Wlodawer A, Li M, Gustchina A, Tsuruoka N, Ashida M, Minakata H, Oyama H, Oda K, Nishino T, Nakayama T. Crystallographic and biochemical investigations of kumamolisin-As, a serine-carboxyl peptidase with collagenase activity. J Biol Chem 2004; 279:21500-10. [PMID: 15014068 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m401141200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Kumamolisin-As (previously called ScpA) is the first known example of a collagenase from the sedolisin family (MEROPS S53). This enzyme is active at low pH and in elevated temperatures. In this study that used x-ray crystallographic and biochemical methods, we investigated the structural basis of the preference of this enzyme for collagen and the importance of a glutamate residue in the unique catalytic triad (Ser(278)-Glu(78)-Asp(82)) for enzymatic activity. Crystal structures of the uninhibited enzyme and its complex with a covalently bound inhibitor, N-acetyl-isoleucyl-prolyl-phenylalaninal, showed the occurrence of a narrow S2 pocket and a groove that encompasses the active site and is rich in negative charges. Limited endoproteolysis studies of bovine type-I collagen as well as kinetic studies using peptide libraries randomized at P1 and P1', showed very strong preference for arginine at the P1 position, which correlated very well with the presence of a negatively charged residue in the S1 pocket of the enzyme. All of these features, together with those predicted through comparisons with fiddler crab collagenase, a serine peptidase, rationalize the enzyme's preference for collagen. A comparison of the Arrhenius plots of the activities of kumamolisin-As with either collagen or peptides as substrates suggests that collagen should be relaxed before proteolysis can occur. The E78H mutant, in which the catalytic triad was engineered to resemble that of subtilisin, showed only 0.01% activity of the wild-type enzyme, and its structure revealed that Ser(278), His(78), and Asp(82) do not interact with each other; thus, the canonical catalytic triad is disrupted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Wlodawer
- Protein Structure Section, Macromolecular Crystallography Laboratory, NCI-Frederick, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, MD 21702, USA.
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Tsuruoka N, Isono Y, Shida O, Hemmi H, Nakayama T, Nishino T. Alicyclobacillus sendaiensis sp. nov., a novel acidophilic, slightly thermophilic species isolated from soil in Sendai, Japan. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2003; 53:1081-1084. [PMID: 12892130 DOI: 10.1099/ijs.0.02409-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
An acidophilic, slightly thermophilic bacterium, designated strain NTAP-1T, that produces a thermostable extracellular acid collagenase activity with potential industrial applications was isolated from soil of Aoba-yama Park, Sendai, Japan. The temperature range for growth was 40-65 degrees C, with an optimum at 55 degrees C, and the pH range for growth was 2.5-6.5, with an optimum at pH 5.5. Analysis of the 16S rDNA sequence of strain NTAP-1T showed that it is most closely related to strains of the genus Alicyclobacillus. Consistently, the major constituents of the cell-membrane lipid of strain NTAP-1T were omega-alicyclic fatty acids. However, DNA-DNA reassociation studies showed only low similarities (less than 33%) to any type strain of Alicyclobacillus. On the basis of the phenotypic and genotypic properties, a novel species is proposed, Alicyclobacillus sendaiensis sp. nov., represented by strain NTAP-1T (=JCM 11817T=ATCC BAA-609T).
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoki Tsuruoka
- Department of Biomolecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, Aoba-yama 07, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8579, Japan
| | - Yuri Isono
- Department of Biomolecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, Aoba-yama 07, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8579, Japan
| | - Osamu Shida
- Research Laboratory, Higeta Shoyu Co. Ltd, Choshi, Chiba 288, Japan
| | - Hisashi Hemmi
- Department of Biomolecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, Aoba-yama 07, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8579, Japan
| | - Toru Nakayama
- Department of Biomolecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, Aoba-yama 07, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8579, Japan
| | - Tokuzo Nishino
- Department of Biomolecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, Aoba-yama 07, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8579, Japan
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NAGANO H, KASUYA S, SHOJI Z, TAMURA A, OMORI M, IIBUCHI S, ARAI M. Identification of Microorganisms in Traditional Asian Foods Made with Fermented Wheat Flour and Their Hypoallergenization. FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY RESEARCH 2003. [DOI: 10.3136/fstr.9.7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Tsuruoka N, Nakayama T, Ashida M, Hemmi H, Nakao M, Minakata H, Oyama H, Oda K, Nishino T. Collagenolytic serine-carboxyl proteinase from Alicyclobacillus sendaiensis strain NTAP-1: purification, characterization, gene cloning, and heterologous expression. Appl Environ Microbiol 2003; 69:162-9. [PMID: 12513991 PMCID: PMC152441 DOI: 10.1128/aem.69.1.162-169.2003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Enzymatic degradation of collagen produces peptides, the collagen peptides, which show a variety of bioactivities of industrial interest. Alicyclobacillus sendaiensis strain NTAP-1, a slightly thermophilic, acidophilic bacterium, extracellularly produces a novel thermostable collagenolytic activity, which exhibits its optimum at the acidic region (pH 3.9) and is potentially applicable to the efficient production of such peptides. Here, we describe the purification to homogeneity, characterization, gene cloning, and heterologous expression of this enzyme, which we call ScpA. Purified ScpA is a monomeric, pepstatin-insensitive carboxyl proteinase with a molecular mass of 37 kDa which exhibited the highest reactivity toward collagen (type I, from a bovine Achilles tendon) among the macromolecular substrates examined. On the basis of the sequences of the peptides obtained by digestion of collagen with ScpA, the following synthetic peptides were designed as substrates for ScpA and kinetically analyzed: Phe-Gly-Pro-Ala*Gly-Pro-Ile-Gly (k(cat), 5.41 s(-1); K(m), 32 micro M) and Met-Gly-Pro-Arg*Gly-Phe-Pro-Gly-Ser (k(cat), 351 s(-1); K(m), 214 micro M), where the asterisks denote the scissile bonds. The cloned scpA gene encoded a protein of 553 amino acids with a calculated molecular mass of 57,167 Da. Heterologous expression of the scpA gene in the Escherichia coli cells yielded a mature 37-kDa species after a two-step proteolytic cleavage of the precursor protein. Sequencing of the scpA gene revealed that ScpA was a collagenolytic member of the serine-carboxyl proteinase family (the S53 family according to the MEROPS database), which is a recently identified proteinase family on the basis of crystallography results. Unexpectedly, ScpA was highly similar to a member of this family, kumamolysin, whose specificity toward macromolecular substrates has not been defined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoki Tsuruoka
- Department of Biomolecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8579, Japan
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