1
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Innovative ochre processing and tool use in China 40,000 years ago. Nature 2022; 603:284-289. [PMID: 35236981 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-022-04445-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Homo sapiens was present in northern Asia by around 40,000 years ago, having replaced archaic populations across Eurasia after episodes of earlier population expansions and interbreeding1-4. Cultural adaptations of the last Neanderthals, the Denisovans and the incoming populations of H. sapiens into Asia remain unknown1,5-7. Here we describe Xiamabei, a well-preserved, approximately 40,000-year-old archaeological site in northern China, which includes the earliest known ochre-processing feature in east Asia, a distinctive miniaturized lithic assemblage with bladelet-like tools bearing traces of hafting, and a bone tool. The cultural assembly of traits at Xiamabei is unique for Eastern Asia and does not correspond with those found at other archaeological site assemblages inhabited by archaic populations or those generally associated with the expansion of H. sapiens, such as the Initial Upper Palaeolithic8-10. The record of northern Asia supports a process of technological innovations and cultural diversification emerging in a period of hominin hybridization and admixture2,3,6,11.
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2
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Yang Q, Li X, Han Z, Wang X, Zhao W, Yi S, Lu H. DCB dissolution of iron oxides in aeolian dust deposits controlled by particle size rather than mineral species. Sci Rep 2022; 12:2786. [PMID: 35181710 PMCID: PMC8857261 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-06734-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Dithionite-citrate-bicarbonate (DCB) treatment is a classical method for removing iron oxides from soil. The DCB-induced dissolution effects on iron oxides are controversial. In this paper, samples from a typical loess-paleosol sequence in the Chinese Loess Plateau (CLP) and from other aeolian dust deposits in southern China were collected, and changes in the grain size composition and magnetic properties of the samples after DCB treatment were analyzed. The results show that the dissolution of iron oxides in loess-paleosol samples from the CLP is highly grain size dependent. In addition to completely dissolving nanometer-sized pedogenic iron oxides (< 0.2 μm), the standard DCB procedure can also dissolve submicron- and micron-sized aeolian iron oxides (0.2–6 μm). For these aeolian iron oxides, the submicron-sized (0.2–1 μm) iron oxides are sufficiently dissolved, and the solubility of the micron-sized (1–6 μm) iron oxides decreases with increasing particle size. The dissolution of > 6 μm aeolian iron oxides is negligible. DCB can neither separate pedogenic iron oxides from aeolian iron oxides nor selectively dissolve magnetite or maghemite. Although the total amount of dissolved iron oxides in the profiles from southern China is higher than that in the LC profile from northern China, the submicron- and micron-sized aeolian iron oxides in the latter are more easily dissolved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianqian Yang
- School of Geography and Ocean Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Xusheng Li
- School of Geography and Ocean Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China.
| | - Zhiyong Han
- School of Geography and Ocean Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China.
| | - Xiaoyong Wang
- School of Geography and Ocean Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Wancang Zhao
- School of Geographical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Shuangwen Yi
- School of Geography and Ocean Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Huayu Lu
- School of Geography and Ocean Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
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3
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Chen Y, Zhang W, Dong C, Hutchinson SM, Feng H. Characteristics of iron-containing magnetic particles in household dust from an urban area: A case study in the megacity of Shanghai. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 424:127212. [PMID: 34879540 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.127212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Revised: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
In order to characterize the magnetic properties and trace sources of household dust particles, magnetic measurements, geochemical and SEM/TEM analyses were performed on vacuum dust from 40 homes in Shanghai, China. Iron-containing magnetic particles (IMPs) in the household dust were dominated by magnetite, while maghemite, hematite and metallic iron were also present. The IMPs were mainly composed of coarse-grained particles (e.g., >0.1 µm). Ultrafine superparamagnetic (SP) grains (<30 nm) increased proportionately with the abundance of the total IMPs. Household dust had more and coarser IMPs than background soil, but less and finer IMPs than street dust and industrial emissions (coal combustion and metallurgy). Metallic Fe and spherical IMPs, originating from brake wear abrasion and coal combustion, respectively, have been observed using the SEM/TEM. Contents of magnetic particles were positively correlated to Mo, Ni and Sb, while HIRM was associated with As, Mo, Pb and Sb. The multiple lines of evidence including magnetic measurements, geochemical and SEM/TEM analyses suggested that industrial and traffic emissions and street dust were dominant contributors to the IMPs. Such an approach can help to establish more precisely the sources of household dust particles and could be applied to other indoor contexts and further urban environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinglu Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, East China Normal University, Shanghai 201100, PR China
| | - Weiguo Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, East China Normal University, Shanghai 201100, PR China
| | - Chenyin Dong
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Health Risk Assessment, South China Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Guangzhou 510655, PR China; Ministry of Education-Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children's Environmental Health, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, PR China.
| | - Simon M Hutchinson
- School of Science, Engineering and Environment, University of Salford, Gt. Manchester M5 4WT, UK
| | - Huan Feng
- Department of Earth and Environmental Studies, Montclair State University, Montclair, NJ 07043, USA
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4
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Han Y, Liu X, Zhao G, Lü B, Chen Q. Magnetic monitoring of topsoil and street dust in Xinyang (China) and their environmental implications. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2021; 193:602. [PMID: 34448076 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-021-09407-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The magnetic measurement is an effective tool to identify the source of pollutants and diagnose the urban pollution. In this study, 132 group samples (that topsoil and street dust were sampled at the same location is regarded as a group) were collected from Xinyang, central eastern China. In addition, the background samples (19 topsoils under woodland around the outskirts) were also sampled. Herein, the aim was to investigate and compare the magnetic characteristics of both topsoil and street dust, and further to discuss the source and environmental implications using magnetic and diffuse reflection spectrum methods. The following points are highlighted: (1) the primary magnetic carrier of both materials was magnetite and that of the background sample were magnetite and maghemite. Furthermore, the ferrimagnetic mineral concentration and magnetic domain follow the order: street dust > topsoil > background sample. (2) The source of both materials was mainly from anthropogenic activities (e.g. industrial and traffic vehicles). The difference between them was the contribution related to natural sources (e.g. parent materials), which was negligible in street dust, and played a secondary role in topsoil. (3) Both materials showed that areas with a higher intensity of anthropogenic activities had higher pollution level, whereas areas with a lower anthropogenic intensity had lower pollution level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Han
- Key Laboratory for Subtropical Mountain Ecology, College of Geographical Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350007, Fujian, China
- Key Laboratory for Synergistic Prevention of Water and Soil Environmental Pollution (Henan Province), School of Geographic Sciences, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang 464000, Henan, China
| | - Xiuming Liu
- Key Laboratory for Subtropical Mountain Ecology, College of Geographical Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350007, Fujian, China.
| | - Guoyong Zhao
- Key Laboratory for Synergistic Prevention of Water and Soil Environmental Pollution (Henan Province), School of Geographic Sciences, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang 464000, Henan, China.
| | - Bin Lü
- Key Laboratory for Subtropical Mountain Ecology, College of Geographical Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350007, Fujian, China
| | - Qu Chen
- College of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, Zhejiang, 321004, China
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5
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Liu G. Traffic-related pollution history (1994-2014) determined using urban lake sediments from Nanjing, China. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0255395. [PMID: 34339452 PMCID: PMC8328331 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0255395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
With the development of urbanisation and the increasing number of modern vehicles, traffic contamination has become an important source of environmental pollution. Most previous studies have focused on using roadside soil or plants to determine the spatial pattern of traffic pollutants along roads and the factors that influence this pattern, whereas few studies have reconstructed pollution histories caused by traffic using suitable methods. In this study, two gravity cores were obtained from Qianhu Lake, which is in the Zhongshan tourist area of Nanjing City and is distant from industrial areas. An accurate chronological framework covering the period from 1994 to 2014 was established using the correlation between the variation in grain size of the sediment cores and the variation in annual rainfall in Nanjing City. Moreover, magnetic and chemical parameters were also measured, and the results demonstrated that concentration-related magnetic parameters exhibited different correlations with different heavy metal concentrations. These correlations were significantly positive for Zn, Pb, and Co; weakly positive for Ni; absent for Cr; and negative for V. Combined with statistical data on industrial emissions and private cars in Nanjing City since 1994, the observed variations in magnetic susceptibility, anhysteretic remanent magnetisation, saturation isothermal remanent magnetisation, Zn, Pb, and Co, were controlled by traffic activities in the tourist area but not by industry. Therefore, the variations in these parameters record the traffic pollution history of the study area. Combined with the obtained chronological framework, the traffic-related pollution history could be divided into two stages: 1) from 1994 to 2003, when traffic-related pollution became increasingly serious because of the exponential increase in the number of private cars and the prosperity of tourism; 2) from 2003 to 2014, when traffic-related pollution continuously increased but at a much slower rate than in stage 1. This slower rate of increase was probably related to the maximum carrying capacity of the tourist area and technological innovations in automobile manufacturing, as well as improvements in fuels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gengyu Liu
- School of Geographical Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China
- Fuzhou Investigation and Surveying Institute, Fuzhou, China
- * E-mail: ,
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6
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Zhao G, Zhang R, Han Y, Lü B, Meng Y, Wang S, Wang N. Identifying environmental pollution recorded in street dust using the magnetic method: a case study from central eastern China. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:34966-34977. [PMID: 32583102 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-09771-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Urban street dust constitutes important intermediate products for the transmission of solid organic and inorganic pollutants in the urban environment. In this study, 133 street dust samples were collected from Xinyang to explore their magnetic characteristics, spatial distribution, and environmental implications using magnetic measurements. The results are as follows. (1) There were ferrimagnetic, antiferrimagnetic, and paramagnetic (e.g., lepidocrocite) minerals in the dust. Among these, the dominant magnetic carriers were ferrimagnetic minerals. Furthermore, magnetite was a first-order ferrimagnetic carrier. (2) The magnetic domains of the dust were pseudo single-domain to multi-domain. (3) The magnetic concentration (χ and SIRM) of dust were 2.6 and 4.1 times higher than those of background samples that were not polluted by urban and anthropogenic activities, respectively. Therefore, we conclude that the dust consisted of high concentration of ferrimagnetic minerals and coarse magnetic particles. (4) The magnetic distribution was spatially different. The industrial area, which was the most polluted sampling area, had the highest magnetic concentration and the coarsest magnetic particles. This was attributable to industrial emissions, fossil fuel combustion, and exhaust emissions from heavy-laden trucks. Residential and commercial areas, which were the second most polluted areas, had higher concentration and coarser particles. This was primarily due to the high population density and traffic activities of mini-cars (i.e., high flux and exhaust emissions). Hence, the conclusion is that the magnetic characteristics, spatial distribution, and the sources of dust are dictated by anthropogenic activities. Our results indicate that the magnetic method is a highly effective tool to monitor urban environmental pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoyong Zhao
- Henan Key Laboratory for Synergistic Prevention of Water and Soil Environmental Pollution, School of Geographic Sciences, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang, 464000, Henan, China
| | - Ronglei Zhang
- Henan Key Laboratory for Synergistic Prevention of Water and Soil Environmental Pollution, School of Geographic Sciences, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang, 464000, Henan, China
| | - Yan Han
- Henan Key Laboratory for Synergistic Prevention of Water and Soil Environmental Pollution, School of Geographic Sciences, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang, 464000, Henan, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Mountain Ecology (Ministry of Science and Technology and Fujian Province Funded), College of Geographical Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, 350007, Fujian, China.
| | - Bin Lü
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Mountain Ecology (Ministry of Science and Technology and Fujian Province Funded), College of Geographical Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, 350007, Fujian, China
| | - Yuanhang Meng
- Henan Key Laboratory for Synergistic Prevention of Water and Soil Environmental Pollution, School of Geographic Sciences, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang, 464000, Henan, China
| | - Shijie Wang
- Henan Key Laboratory for Synergistic Prevention of Water and Soil Environmental Pollution, School of Geographic Sciences, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang, 464000, Henan, China
| | - Ningning Wang
- Henan Key Laboratory for Synergistic Prevention of Water and Soil Environmental Pollution, School of Geographic Sciences, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang, 464000, Henan, China
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7
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Zhao Y, Tzedakis PC, Li Q, Qin F, Cui Q, Liang C, Birks HJB, Liu Y, Zhang Z, Ge J, Zhao H, Felde VA, Deng C, Cai M, Li H, Ren W, Wei H, Yang H, Zhang J, Yu Z, Guo Z. Evolution of vegetation and climate variability on the Tibetan Plateau over the past 1.74 million years. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2020; 6:eaay6193. [PMID: 32494698 PMCID: PMC7202886 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aay6193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2019] [Accepted: 02/13/2020] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
The Tibetan Plateau exerts a major influence on Asian climate, but its long-term environmental history remains largely unknown. We present a detailed record of vegetation and climate changes over the past 1.74 million years in a lake sediment core from the Zoige Basin, eastern Tibetan Plateau. Results show three intervals with different orbital- and millennial-scale features superimposed on a stepwise long-term cooling trend. The interval of 1.74-1.54 million years ago is characterized by an insolation-dominated mode with strong ~20,000-year cyclicity and quasi-absent millennial-scale signal. The interval of 1.54-0.62 million years ago represents a transitional insolation-ice mode marked by ~20,000- and ~40,000-year cycles, with superimposed millennial-scale oscillations. The past 620,000 years are characterized by an ice-driven mode with 100,000-year cyclicity and less frequent millennial-scale variability. A pronounced transition occurred 620,000 years ago, as glacial cycles intensified. These new findings reveal how the interaction of low-latitude insolation and high-latitude ice-volume forcing shaped the evolution of the Tibetan Plateau climate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Polychronis C. Tzedakis
- Environmental Change Research Centre, Department of Geography, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Quan Li
- Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Feng Qin
- Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Qiaoyu Cui
- Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Chen Liang
- Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - H. John B. Birks
- Environmental Change Research Centre, Department of Geography, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK
- Department of Biological Sciences and Bjerknes Centre for Climate Research, University of Bergen, PO Box 7803, N-5020 Bergen, Norway
| | - Yaoliang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Zhiyong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- Lushan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Jiujiang 332900, China
| | - Junyi Ge
- Key Laboratory of Vertebrate Evolution and Human Origins, Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100044, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Life and Paleoenvironment, Beijing 100044, China
| | - Hui Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Desert and Desertification, Cold and Arid Environmental and Engineering Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Vivian A. Felde
- Department of Biological Sciences and Bjerknes Centre for Climate Research, University of Bergen, PO Box 7803, N-5020 Bergen, Norway
| | - Chenglong Deng
- Key Laboratory of Cenozoic Geology and Environment, Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Maotang Cai
- Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Huan Li
- Department of Earth Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1085, 1081 HV Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Weihe Ren
- Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Haicheng Wei
- Qinghai Institute of Salt Lakes, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining 810008, China
| | - Hanfei Yang
- Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Jiawu Zhang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Western China’s Environmental Systems, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Zicheng Yu
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, PA 18015, USA
- Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Zhengtang Guo
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Key Laboratory of Cenozoic Geology and Environment, Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China
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8
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Zhang F, Jin Z, West AJ, An Z, Hilton RG, Wang J, Li G, Densmore AL, Yu J, Qiang X, Sun Y, Li L, Gou L, Xu Y, Xu X, Liu X, Pan Y, You CF. Monsoonal control on a delayed response of sedimentation to the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2019; 5:eaav7110. [PMID: 31206017 PMCID: PMC6561737 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aav7110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2018] [Accepted: 05/09/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Infrequent extreme events such as large earthquakes pose hazards and have lasting impacts on landscapes and biogeochemical cycles. Sediments provide valuable records of past events, but unambiguously identifying event deposits is challenging because of nonlinear sediment transport processes and poor age control. Here, we have been able to directly track the propagation of a tectonic signal into stratigraphy using reservoir sediments from before and after the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake. Cycles in magnetic susceptibility allow us to define a precise annual chronology and identify the timing and nature of the earthquake's sedimentary record. The grain size and Rb/Sr ratio of the sediments responded immediately to the earthquake. However, the changes were muted until 2 years after the event, when intense monsoonal runoff drove accumulation of coarser grains and lower Rb/Sr sediments. The delayed response provides insight into how climatic and tectonic agents interact to control sediment transfer and depositional processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Zhang
- SKLLQG, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi’an 710061, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Quaternary Science and Global Change, Xi’an 710061, China
| | - Zhangdong Jin
- SKLLQG, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi’an 710061, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Quaternary Science and Global Change, Xi’an 710061, China
- Institute of Global Environmental Change, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China
| | - A. Joshua West
- Department of Earth Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Zhisheng An
- SKLLQG, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi’an 710061, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Quaternary Science and Global Change, Xi’an 710061, China
| | | | - Jin Wang
- SKLLQG, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi’an 710061, China
- Department of Geography, Durham University, Durham DH1 3LE, UK
| | - Gen Li
- Department of Earth Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | | | - Jimin Yu
- Research School of Earth Sciences, The Australian National University, Canberra ACT 2601, Australia
- Open Studio for Oceanic-Continental Climate and Environment Changes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266061, China
| | - Xiaoke Qiang
- SKLLQG, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi’an 710061, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Quaternary Science and Global Change, Xi’an 710061, China
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Chang’an University, Xi′an 710054, China
| | - Youbin Sun
- SKLLQG, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi’an 710061, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Quaternary Science and Global Change, Xi’an 710061, China
| | - Liangbo Li
- SKLLQG, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi’an 710061, China
- Interdisciplinary Research Center of Earth Science Frontier, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Longfei Gou
- SKLLQG, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi’an 710061, China
| | - Yang Xu
- SKLLQG, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi’an 710061, China
| | - Xinwen Xu
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Earth Surface System and Environmental Carrying Capacity, Northwest University, Xi′an 710127, China
| | - Xingxing Liu
- SKLLQG, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi’an 710061, China
| | - Yanhui Pan
- MOE Key Laboratory of Western China’s Environment Systems, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Chen-Feng You
- EDSRC, Taiwan Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan
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9
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Kong Y, Deng C, Liu W, Wu X, Pei S, Sun L, Ge J, Yi L, Zhu R. Magnetostratigraphic dating of the hominin occupation of Bailong Cave, central China. Sci Rep 2018; 8:9699. [PMID: 29946102 PMCID: PMC6018768 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-28065-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2017] [Accepted: 06/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Intermontane basins in the southern piedmont of the Qinling Mountains are important sources of information on hominin occupation and settlement, and provide an excellent opportunity to study early human evolution and behavioral adaptation. Here, we present the results of a detailed magnetostratigraphic investigation of the sedimentary sequence of hominin-bearing Bailong Cave in Yunxi Basin, central China. Correlation to the geomagnetic polarity time scale was achieved using previously published biostratigraphy, 26Al/10Be burial dating, and coupled electron spin resonance (ESR) and U-series dating. The Bailong Cave hominin-bearing layer is dated to the early Brunhes Chron, close to the Matuyama-Brunhes geomagnetic reversal at 0.78 Ma. Our findings, coupled with other records, indicate the flourishing of early humans in mainland East Asia during the Mid-Pleistocene climate transition (MPT). This suggests that early humans were adapted to diverse and variable environments over a broad latitudinal range during the MPT, from temperate northern China to subtropical southern China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanfen Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Lithospheric Evolution, Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100029, China.,Institutions of Earth Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100029, China.,College of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Chenglong Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Lithospheric Evolution, Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100029, China. .,Institutions of Earth Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100029, China. .,College of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
| | - Wu Liu
- Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100044, China
| | - Xiujie Wu
- College of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.,Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100044, China
| | - Shuwen Pei
- Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100044, China
| | - Lu Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Lithospheric Evolution, Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100029, China.,Institutions of Earth Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Junyi Ge
- Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100044, China
| | - Liang Yi
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Geology, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Rixiang Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Lithospheric Evolution, Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100029, China.,Institutions of Earth Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100029, China.,College of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
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10
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Song Y, Li Y, Wang Q, Dong H, Zhang Z, Orozbaev R. Effect of chemical pretreatments on magnetic susceptibility of loess from Central Asia and the Chinese Loess Plateau. RSC Adv 2018; 8:11087-11094. [PMID: 35558089 PMCID: PMC9088824 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra00617b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2018] [Accepted: 03/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Magnetic susceptibility (MS) as a paleoclimatic proxy plays an important role in paleoenvironmental reconstruction and past global climatic change. In order to discriminate the effect of composition on the MS of Quaternary eolian loess in inland arid Central Asia (CA), a series of comparative chemical experiments were designed to investigate the effects of different components on MS of loess from the Ili Basin CA and Chinese Loess Plateau (CLP). The results indicate that hydrochloric acid (HCl) can not only remove carbonate minerals, but also react with ferrous ions minerals by dissolving fine superparamagnetic particles (SPs), which reduces MS, especially in the CLP samples. Compared to the original samples, MS (χlf) of acetic acid (AA) pretreated samples from CA and CLP increased by 20.3% and 4.8%, respectively, and their frequency-dependent MS (χfd) increased by 53.4% and 13.0%, respectively, which indicates that the effect of carbonates on MS is greater for CA samples than for CLP samples. The variation in MS was below 5% in samples pretreated with perhydrol (H2O2) or distilled water, indicating that organic material and soluble components have very small influences on the MS. Temperature-dependence MS curves indicate that the transformation of magnetic minerals during the cooling of loess from the CLP mainly affected fine particles in the SPs, and that the contents of lepidocrocite and maghemite or goethite in the CA loess are lower than those in the CLP. The loess MS enhancement mechanism in Central Asia differs from that in the CLP. Different chemical pretreat methods proved that the loess MS enhancement mechanism in Central Asia differs from that in the Chinese Loess Plateau (CLP).![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Yougui Song
- State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology
- Institute of Earth Environment
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Xi'an
- China
| | - Yue Li
- State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology
- Institute of Earth Environment
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Xi'an
- China
| | - Qiansuo Wang
- College of Resources and Environment
- Linyi University
- Linyi 276005
- China
| | - Hongmei Dong
- School of Management
- Xi'an University of Science and Technology
- Xi'an 710054
- China
| | - Zhiping Zhang
- Environmental Monitoring Station of Ili Kazakh Autonomous Prefecture
- Yining 835000
- China
| | - Rustam Orozbaev
- Institute of Geology
- National Academy of Sciences of Kyrgyz Republic
- Bishkek 720040
- Kyrgyzstan
- Research Center for Ecology and Environmental of Central Asia (Bishkek)
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Bourliva A, Papadopoulou L, Aidona E, Giouri K. Magnetic signature, geochemistry, and oral bioaccessibility of "technogenic" metals in contaminated industrial soils from Sindos Industrial Area, Northern Greece. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 24:17041-17055. [PMID: 28580550 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-017-9355-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2016] [Accepted: 05/23/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to assess the contamination level of potentially harmful elements (PHEs) in industrial soils and how this relates to environmental magnetism. Moreover, emphasis was given to the determination of the potential mobile fractions of typically "technogenic" metals. Therefore, magnetic and geochemical parameters were determined in topsoils (0-20 cm) collected around a chemical industry in Sindos Industrial Area, Thessaloniki, Greece. Soil samples were presented significantly enriched in "technogenic" metals such Cd, Pb, and Zn, while cases of severe soil contamination were observed in sampling sites north-west of the industrial unit. Contents of Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, Mo, Sb, Sn, and Zn in soils and pollution load index (PLI) were highly correlated with mass specific magnetic susceptibility (χ lf). Similarly, enrichment factor (EF) and geoaccumulation index (I geo) for "technogenic" Pb and Zn exhibited high positive correlation factors with χ lf. Principal component analysis (PCA) classified PHEs along with the magnetic variable (χ lf) into a common group indicating anthropogenic influence. The water extractable concentrations were substantially low, while the descending order of UBM (Unified BARGE Method) extractable concentrations in the gastric phase was Zn > Pb > As > Cd, yet Cd showed the highest bioaccessibility (almost 95%).
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Bourliva
- Department of Mineralogy-Petrology-Economic Geology, Faculty of Geology, School of Geology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124, Thessaloniki, Greece.
| | - Lambrini Papadopoulou
- Department of Mineralogy-Petrology-Economic Geology, Faculty of Geology, School of Geology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Elina Aidona
- Department of Geophysics, Faculty of Geology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Katerina Giouri
- Department of Mineralogy-Petrology-Economic Geology, Faculty of Geology, School of Geology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124, Thessaloniki, Greece
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Wang B, Xia D, Yu Y, Jia J, Nie Y, Wang X. Detecting the sensitivity of magnetic response on different pollution sources--A case study from typical mining cities in northwestern China. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2015; 207:288-298. [PMID: 26412269 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2015.08.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2015] [Revised: 08/10/2015] [Accepted: 08/21/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Rapid monitoring and discriminating different anthropogenic pollution is a key scientific issue. To detect the applicability and sensitivity of magnetic measurements for evaluating different industrial pollution in urban environment, characteristics of topsoil from three typical fast developing industrial cities (Jinchang, Baiyin and Jiayuguan in Gansu province, northwestern China) were studied by magnetic and geochemical analyses. The results showed that magnetic susceptibility was enhanced near industrial areas, and PSD-MD magnetite dominated the magnetic properties. Magnetic concentration parameters (χlf, SIRM, and χARM) showed different correlations with heavy metals and PLI in the three cities, indicating significantly different magnetic response to different pollution sources. Principal component analysis showed that ferrimagnetic minerals coexist with heavy metals of Fe, As, Cu, Pb, and Zn in Baiyin and Fe, V, Cu, Mn, Pb, and Cr in Jiayuguan. Fuzzy cluster analysis and regression analysis further indicated that the sensitivity of magnetic monitoring to fuel dust is higher than that to mineral dust near non-ferrous metal smelters, and fossil fuel consumption is an important factor for increasing magnetite content. In all the three cities, the sensitivity of magnetic monitoring to pollutants from steel plants is much higher than that from non-ferrous metal plants. Therefore, magnetic proxies provide a rapid means for detecting heavy metal contamination caused by multi-anthropogenic pollution sources in a large scale area, however, the sensitivity was controlled by pollution sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Wang
- Key Laboratory of Land Surface Process & Climate Change in Clod & Arid Regions, Clod & Arid Regions Environmental & Engineering Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China; Key Laboratory of West China's Environmental System (Ministry of Education), Lanzhou University of China, Lanzhou 730000, China.
| | - Dunsheng Xia
- Key Laboratory of West China's Environmental System (Ministry of Education), Lanzhou University of China, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Ye Yu
- Key Laboratory of Land Surface Process & Climate Change in Clod & Arid Regions, Clod & Arid Regions Environmental & Engineering Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Jia Jia
- Key Laboratory of West China's Environmental System (Ministry of Education), Lanzhou University of China, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Yan Nie
- Key Laboratory of West China's Environmental System (Ministry of Education), Lanzhou University of China, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Xin Wang
- Key Laboratory of West China's Environmental System (Ministry of Education), Lanzhou University of China, Lanzhou 730000, China
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Ma M, Hu S, Cao L, Appel E, Wang L. Atmospheric pollution history at Linfen (China) uncovered by magnetic and chemical parameters of sediments from a water reservoir. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2015; 204:161-172. [PMID: 25969376 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2015.04.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2014] [Revised: 04/24/2015] [Accepted: 04/27/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
We studied magnetic and chemical parameters of sediments from sediments of a water reservoir at Linfen (China) in order to quantitatively reconstruct the atmospheric pollution history in this region. The results show that the main magnetic phases are magnetite and maghemite originating from the surrounding catchment and from anthropogenic activities, and there is a significant positive relationship between magnetic concentration parameters and heavy metals concentrations, indicating that magnetic proxies can be used to monitor the anthropogenic pollution. In order to uncover the atmospheric pollution history, we combined the known events of environmental improvement with variations of magnetic susceptibility (χ) and heavy metals along the cores to obtain a detailed chronological framework. In addition, air comprehensive pollution index (ACPI) was reconstructed from regression equation among magnetic and chemical parameters as well as atmospheric monitoring data. Based on these results, the atmospheric pollution history was successfully reconstructed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingming Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Shouyun Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China.
| | - Liwan Cao
- Department of Geosciences, University of Tübingen, 72074 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Erwin Appel
- Department of Geosciences, University of Tübingen, 72074 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Longsheng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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14
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The use of fire at Zhoukoudian: evidence from magnetic susceptibility and color measurements. CHINESE SCIENCE BULLETIN-CHINESE 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s11434-013-0111-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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15
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Wang B, Xia D, Yu Y, Jia J, Xu S. Detection and differentiation of pollution in urban surface soils using magnetic properties in arid and semi-arid regions of northwestern China. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2014; 184:335-346. [PMID: 24095704 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2013.08.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2013] [Revised: 08/09/2013] [Accepted: 08/11/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Increasing urbanization and industrialization over the world has caused many social and environmental problems, one of which drawing particular concern is the soil pollution and its ecological degradation. In this study, the efficiency of magnetic methods for detecting and discriminating contaminates in the arid and semi-arid regions of northwestern China was investigated. Topsoil samples from six typical cities (i.e. Karamay, Urumqi, Lanzhou, Yinchuan, Shizuishan and Wuhai) were collected and a systematic analysis of their magnetic properties was conducted. Results indicate that the topsoil samples from the six cities were all dominated by coarse low-coercivity magnetite. In addition, the average magnetite contents in the soils from Urumqi and Lanzhou were shown to be much higher than those from Karamay, Yinchuan, Shizuishan and Wuhai, and they also have relatively higher χlf and χfd% when compared with cities in eastern China. Moreover, specific and distinctive soil pollution signals were identified at each sampling site using the combined various magnetic data, reflecting distinct sources. Industrial and traffic-derived pollution was dominant in Urumqi and Lanzhou, in Yinchuan industrial progress was observed to be important with some places affected by vehicle emission, while Karamay, Shizuishan and Wuhai were relatively clean. The magnetic properties of these latter three cities are significantly affected by both anthropogenic pollution and local parent materials from the nearby Gobi desert. The differences in magnetic properties of topsoil samples affected by mixed industrial and simplex traffic emissions are not obvious, but significant differences exist in samples affected by simplex industrial/vehicle emissions and domestic pollution. The combined magnetic analyses thus provide a sensitive and powerful tool for classifying samples according to likely sources, and may even provide a valuable diagnostic tool for discriminating among different cities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Wang
- Key Laboratory of West China's Environmental System, Ministry of Education, Lanzhou University of China, Lanzhou 730000, China
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Ting CHEN, Zhang-Hua WANG, Xiao-Ke QIANG, Chun-Yan MA, Qing ZHAN. Mineral Magnetic Properties and Late Quaternary Transgressions Recorded by the Borehole WJ in the Taihu Plain, China. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/cjg2.20060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- CHEN Ting
- State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology; Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Xi'an 710075 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100049 China
- Department of Geography; East China Normal University; Shanghai 200062 China
| | - WANG Zhang-Hua
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research; East China Normal University; Shanghai 200062 China
| | - QIANG Xiao-Ke
- State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology; Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Xi'an 710075 China
| | - MA Chun-Yan
- Department of Geography; East China Normal University; Shanghai 200062 China
| | - ZHAN Qing
- Department of Geography; East China Normal University; Shanghai 200062 China
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17
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LI P, QIANG XK, XU XW, LI XB, SUN YF. Magnetic Properties of Street Dust: A Case in Xi'an City, Shaanxi Province, China. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/cjg2.1478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Xiao-Ke QIANG
- State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology; Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Xi'an; 710075; China
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18
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LU SG, BAI SQ. Magnetic Characterization and Magnetic Mineralogy of the Hangzhou Urban Soils and Its Environmental Implications. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/cjg2.1245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Wang B, Xia D, Yu Y, Jia J, Xu S. Magnetic records of heavy metal pollution in urban topsoil in Lanzhou, China. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s11434-012-5404-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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20
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Mid-Late Quaternary loess-paleosol sequence in Lantian’s Yushan, China: An environmental magnetism approach and its paleoclimatic significance. CHINESE SCIENCE BULLETIN-CHINESE 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/s11434-010-3212-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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21
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Liu W, Wu X, Li Y, Deng C, Wu X, Pei S. Evidence of fire use of late Pleistocene humans from the Huanglong Cave, Hubei Province, China. Sci Bull (Beijing) 2008. [DOI: 10.1007/s11434-008-0469-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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22
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Wang L, Pan Y, Li J, Qin H. Magnetic properties related to thermal treatment of pyrite. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1007/s11430-008-0083-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Kim W, Doh SJ, Yu Y, Lee M. Role of Chinese wind-blown dust in enhancing environmental pollution in Metropolitan Seoul. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2008; 153:333-41. [PMID: 17904713 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2007.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2007] [Revised: 08/13/2007] [Accepted: 08/17/2007] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
A suite of rock magnetic experiments and intensive microscopic observations were carried out on Asian dust deposits in Seoul, Korea, collected on 19 and 23 March 2002, 9 April 2002 and 12 April 2003. Desert-sand and loess from the dust source regions in China were also analyzed as a comparison. Asian dust showed a higher magnetic concentration than the source region samples, indicating a significant influx of magnetic particles into Asian dust had occurred during its transportation. Electron microscopy identified carbon-bearing iron-oxides as the added material. These iron-oxides were likely to have been produced by anthropogenic pollution (fossil fuel combustion) while the wind-blown dusts passing across the industrial areas of eastern China and western Korea. Such wind-paths were confirmed by a simulation of the air-mass trajectories. The magnetic technique appears to be useful for determining the anthropogenic pollution of Asian dust.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wonnyon Kim
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Korea University, Seoul 136-713, Republic of Korea
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24
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Deng C. Mineral magnetic variation of the Jiaodao Chinese loess/paleosol sequence and its bearing on long-term climatic variability. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005. [DOI: 10.1029/2004jb003451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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25
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Deng C, Zhu R, Verosub KL, Singer MJ, Vidic NJ. Mineral magnetic properties of loess/paleosol couplets of the central loess plateau of China over the last 1.2 Myr. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004. [DOI: 10.1029/2003jb002532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chenglong Deng
- Paleomagnetism Laboratory, Institute of Geology and Geophysics; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing China
| | - Rixiang Zhu
- Paleomagnetism Laboratory, Institute of Geology and Geophysics; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing China
| | | | - Michael J. Singer
- Department of Land, Air and Water Resources; University of California; Davis California USA
| | - Natasa J. Vidic
- Department of Geology; University of California; Davis California USA
- Department of Land, Air and Water Resources; University of California; Davis California USA
- Agronomy Department; University of Ljubljana; Ljubljana Slovenia
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