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Luo J, Hu J, Mulati Y, Wu Z, Lai C, Kong D, Liu C, Xu K. Developing and validating a nomogram for penile cancer survival: A comprehensive study based on SEER and Chinese data. Cancer Med 2024; 13:e7111. [PMID: 38566587 PMCID: PMC10988236 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.7111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Revised: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The primary aim of this study was to create a nomogram for predicting survival outcomes in penile cancer patients, utilizing data from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) and a Chinese organization. METHODS Our study involved a cohort of 5744 patients diagnosed with penile cancer from the SEER database, spanning from 2004 to 2019. In addition, 103 patients with penile cancer from Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University were included during the same period. Based on the results of regression analysis, a nomogram is constructed and validated internally and externally. The predictive performance of the model was evaluated by concordance index (c-index), area under the curve, decision curve analysis, and calibration curve, in internal and external datasets. Finally, the prediction efficiency is compared with the TNM staging model. RESULTS A total of 3154 penile patients were randomly divided into the training group and the internal validation group at a ratio of 2:1. Nine independent risk factors were identified, including age, race, marital status, tumor grade, histology, TNM stage, and the surgical approach. Based on these factors, a nomogram was constructed to predict OS. The nomogram demonstrated relatively better consistency, predictive accuracy, and clinical relevance, with a c-index over 0.73 (in the training cohort, the validation cohort, and externally validation cohort.) These evaluation indexes are far better than the TNM staging system. CONCLUSION Penile cancer, often overlooked in research, has lacked detailed investigative focus and guidelines. This study stands as the first to validate penile cancer prognosis using extensive data from the SEER database, supplemented by data from our own institution. Our findings equip surgeons with an essential tool to predict the prognosis of penile cancer better suited than TNM, thereby enhancing clinical decision-making processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiawen Luo
- Department of Urology, Sun Yat‐sen Memorial HospitalSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouChina
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat‐sen Memorial HospitalSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Jintao Hu
- Department of Urology, Sun Yat‐sen Memorial HospitalSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouChina
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat‐sen Memorial HospitalSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Yelisudan Mulati
- Department of Urology, Sun Yat‐sen Memorial HospitalSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouChina
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat‐sen Memorial HospitalSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Zhikai Wu
- Department of Urology, Sun Yat‐sen Memorial HospitalSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouChina
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat‐sen Memorial HospitalSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Cong Lai
- Department of Urology, Sun Yat‐sen Memorial HospitalSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouChina
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat‐sen Memorial HospitalSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Degeng Kong
- Department of Urology, Sun Yat‐sen Memorial HospitalSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouChina
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat‐sen Memorial HospitalSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Cheng Liu
- Department of Urology, Sun Yat‐sen Memorial HospitalSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouChina
- Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Urological DiseasesGuangdongChina
| | - Kewei Xu
- Department of Urology, Sun Yat‐sen Memorial HospitalSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouChina
- Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Urological DiseasesGuangdongChina
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Huang J, Chan SC, Pang WS, Liu X, Zhang L, Lucero-Prisno DE, Xu W, Zheng ZJ, Ng ACF, Necchi A, Spiess PE, Teoh JYC, Wong MCS. Incidence, risk factors, and temporal trends of penile cancer: a global population-based study. BJU Int 2024; 133:314-323. [PMID: 37953505 DOI: 10.1111/bju.16224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To examine the global disease burden and country-specific trends of penile cancer incidence by age group and investigate its associations with several factors. MATERIALS AND METHODS The Global Cancer Observatory database was interrogated for penile cancer incidence. The 10-year cancer incidence rates were collected from the Cancer Incidence in Five Continents Plus. The country-specific data were extracted from the World Health Organization Global Health Observatory and Global Burden of Disease databases for conducting risk factors analysis. The penile cancer incidence was presented using age-standardised rates. Its associations with various factors were examined by linear regression, while the incidence trend was estimated using joinpoint regression and presented as average annual percentage change with 95% confidence intervals in different age groups. RESULTS There were an estimated 36 068 new cases of penile cancer in 2020. There was a considerable geographical disparity in the disease burden of penile cancer, with South America reporting the highest incidence. Overall, alcohol drinking, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, and unsafe sex were positively associated with a higher penile cancer incidence, while circumcision was found to be a protective factor. There has been a mixed trend in penile cancer incidence overall, but an increasing trend was found among younger males. CONCLUSIONS There was a global variation in the penile cancer burden associated with prevalence of alcohol drinking, HIV infection, unsafe sex, and circumcision. The increasing penile cancer incidence in the younger population is worrying and calls for early detection and preventive interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junjie Huang
- The Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Centre for Health Education and Health Promotion, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Sze Chai Chan
- The Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Wing Sze Pang
- The Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Xianjing Liu
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Lin Zhang
- Suzhou Industrial Park Monash Research Institute of Science and Technology, Suzhou, China
- The School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Vic, Australia
| | - Don Eliseo Lucero-Prisno
- Department of Global Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Faculty of Public Health, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Wanghong Xu
- School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhi-Jie Zheng
- Department of Global Health and Development, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Anthony Chi-Fai Ng
- S.H. Ho Urology Centre, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Andrea Necchi
- Department of Oncology, IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Philippe E Spiess
- Department of Genitourinary Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Jeremy Yuen-Chun Teoh
- S.H. Ho Urology Centre, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- European Association of Urology - Young Academic Urologists (EAU-YAU), Arnhem, The Netherlands
| | - Martin C S Wong
- The Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Centre for Health Education and Health Promotion, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Global Health and Development, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
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Noronha V, Kapu V, Joshi A, Menon N, Singh A, Prakash G, Menon S, Sable N, Murthy V, Pal M, Arora A, Kumar S, Banavali S, Prabhash K. Clinical Profile and Outcomes of Carcinoma Penis Patients Receiving Systemic Therapy at an Indian tertiary care Center: A Retrospective Observational Study. Clin Genitourin Cancer 2024; 22:102053. [PMID: 38442451 DOI: 10.1016/j.clgc.2024.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Penile cancer is a rare malignancy with scant data on the impact of systemic therapy on outcomes. METHODS Retrospective observational study of patients with a histological diagnosis of carcinoma penis treated with systemic therapy at the Tata Memorial Centre (Mumbai, India) between August 2010 and February 2018. Primary objective was overall survival (OS); secondary objectives included assessment of clinical characteristics, treatment approaches, and toxicity profiles. RESULTS We included 91 patients with penile carcinoma who received systemic therapy at our center. Intent of therapy was curative in 71 patients (78%), and palliative in 20 (22%). Median age was 57 years (interquartile range [IQR], 50-65.5) for curatively treated patients and 58.5 years (IQR, 44-65.2) for those with advanced disease. Common presenting symptoms were lumps (70%), and pain (57%). Neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT) with paclitaxel + platinum was administered to 19 patients (20.9%), of which 7 (37%) attained complete or partial response. Six patients (31.5%) underwent R0 surgery post-NACT. All 71 patients underwent primary surgery; 47 (66.2%) undergoing partial penectomy. Of the 20 patients treated with palliative first-line chemotherapy, 4(20%) attained a partial response. Median OS of patients treated in curative and palliative settings was 33.8 months (95% CI, 17.2-not recorded) and 11.4 months (95% CI, 9.53-23.3), respectively. CONCLUSIONS Patients with penile cancer treated with systemic therapy have poor outcomes. Little over a third of the patients respond to neoadjuvant chemotherapy and those with advanced disease have poor survival despite systemic therapy, emphasizing the need for early detection and optimum management of primary and nodal disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanita Noronha
- Department of Medical Oncology, Tata Memorial Hospital, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India; Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Venkatesh Kapu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Tata Memorial Hospital, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India; Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Amit Joshi
- Department of Medical Oncology, Tata Memorial Hospital, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India; Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Nandini Menon
- Department of Medical Oncology, Tata Memorial Hospital, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India; Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Ajaykumar Singh
- Department of Medical Oncology, Tata Memorial Hospital, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India; Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Gagan Prakash
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Tata Memorial Hospital, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India; Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Santosh Menon
- Department of Pathology, Tata Memorial Hospital, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India; Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Nilesh Sable
- Department of Radiodiagnosis, Tata Memorial Hospital, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India; Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Vedang Murthy
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Tata Memorial Hospital, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India; Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Mahendra Pal
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Tata Memorial Hospital, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India; Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Amandeep Arora
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Tata Memorial Hospital, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India; Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Sravan Kumar
- Department of Medical Oncology, Tata Memorial Hospital, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India; Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Shripad Banavali
- Department of Medical Oncology, Tata Memorial Hospital, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India; Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Kumar Prabhash
- Department of Medical Oncology, Tata Memorial Hospital, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India; Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumai, Maharashtra, India.
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Chen YH, Geng JH, Shen JT, Lee YC, Jhan JH. Penile squamous cell carcinoma originating from a silicone granuloma. Urol Case Rep 2023; 51:102595. [PMID: 37886345 PMCID: PMC10598490 DOI: 10.1016/j.eucr.2023.102595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Revised: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Penile enlargement has been a controversial issue throughout history. We presented a patient who had undergone a procedure involving the injection of subcutaneous liquid silicone over the penile shaft four years prior. He developed long-term negative consequences from inflammatory granulomas. The patient's condition worsened over time, causing pain and impairing his sexual function. Eventually, he was diagnosed with penile SCC caused by chronic inflammation. Although it is rare, it is important to be aware of this probability because, compared to penile granuloma resection for symptom relief, penile SCC requires a comprehensive survey and more aggressive surgical intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Hsuan Chen
- Department of Urology, Kaohsiung Municipal Siaogang Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Department of Urology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Department of Urology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Jiun-Hung Geng
- Department of Urology, Kaohsiung Municipal Siaogang Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Department of Urology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Department of Urology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Jung-Tsung Shen
- Department of Urology, Kaohsiung Municipal Siaogang Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Department of Urology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Yung-Chin Lee
- Department of Urology, Kaohsiung Municipal Siaogang Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Department of Urology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Department of Urology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Jhen-Hao Jhan
- Department of Urology, Kaohsiung Municipal Siaogang Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Department of Urology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Department of Urology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
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Lubner MG, Marko J, Hu R, Kawashima A, Potretzke TA, Frazier AA, Whiting R, Udager AM. Malignant Neoplasms of the Penis with Radiologic and Pathologic Correlation. Radiographics 2023; 43:e230025. [PMID: 37471245 DOI: 10.1148/rg.230025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/22/2023]
Abstract
Penile malignancy is the third most common male-specific genitourinary malignancy, with squamous cell carcinoma representing the most common histologic type. Squamous cell carcinoma is an epithelial malignancy, frequently developing from the mucosal surfaces of the foreskin, glans, and coronal sulcus and manifesting as a distal infiltrative or ulcerated mass. This typically occurs in men from the 6th to 8th decades of life, and risk factors include human papillomavirus, phimosis, presence of foreskin and poor hygiene, chronic inflammatory conditions such as lichen sclerosus, trauma, and smoking. Primary urethral malignancies including urothelial carcinoma and adenocarcinoma can occur but may lack this distal predilection. Sarcoma, melanoma, leukemia or lymphoma, and metastatic disease are less common sources of penile malignancy. Because of the sensitive nature of penile malignancies, there may be delays in seeking care and in subsequent diagnosis. Recently, the staging guidelines for penile cancer have been updated concurrently with a shift toward more penile-preserving therapies, which have led to a larger role of imaging in diagnosis, staging, and treatment planning for penile malignancies. A variety of imaging modalities may play a role in the identification and staging of penile malignancy, including an increased use of MRI for local staging of tumors, CT and PET/CT for identification of nodal and distant disease, and US for image-guided biopsy. The authors discuss an imaging approach to a spectrum of penile malignancies, with an emphasis on radiologic and pathologic correlation and how knowledge of normal tissue types and anatomic structures can aid in the diagnosis and staging of these tumors. ©RSNA, 2023 Quiz questions for this article are available in the supplemental material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meghan G Lubner
- From the Department of Radiology (M.G.L.) and Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (R.H.), University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, E3/311 Clinical Sciences Center, 600 Highland Ave, Madison, WI 53792; American College of Radiology Institute for Radiologic Pathology, Silver Spring, Md (M.G.L., J.M., A.A.F.); Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Scottsdale, Ariz (A.K.); Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minn (T.A.P.); Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Md (A.A.F.); Department of Radiology, Moncrief Army Health Clinic, Fort Jackson, Columbia, SC (R.W.); and Department of Pathology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Mich (A.M.U.)
| | - Jamie Marko
- From the Department of Radiology (M.G.L.) and Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (R.H.), University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, E3/311 Clinical Sciences Center, 600 Highland Ave, Madison, WI 53792; American College of Radiology Institute for Radiologic Pathology, Silver Spring, Md (M.G.L., J.M., A.A.F.); Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Scottsdale, Ariz (A.K.); Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minn (T.A.P.); Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Md (A.A.F.); Department of Radiology, Moncrief Army Health Clinic, Fort Jackson, Columbia, SC (R.W.); and Department of Pathology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Mich (A.M.U.)
| | - Rong Hu
- From the Department of Radiology (M.G.L.) and Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (R.H.), University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, E3/311 Clinical Sciences Center, 600 Highland Ave, Madison, WI 53792; American College of Radiology Institute for Radiologic Pathology, Silver Spring, Md (M.G.L., J.M., A.A.F.); Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Scottsdale, Ariz (A.K.); Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minn (T.A.P.); Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Md (A.A.F.); Department of Radiology, Moncrief Army Health Clinic, Fort Jackson, Columbia, SC (R.W.); and Department of Pathology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Mich (A.M.U.)
| | - Akira Kawashima
- From the Department of Radiology (M.G.L.) and Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (R.H.), University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, E3/311 Clinical Sciences Center, 600 Highland Ave, Madison, WI 53792; American College of Radiology Institute for Radiologic Pathology, Silver Spring, Md (M.G.L., J.M., A.A.F.); Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Scottsdale, Ariz (A.K.); Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minn (T.A.P.); Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Md (A.A.F.); Department of Radiology, Moncrief Army Health Clinic, Fort Jackson, Columbia, SC (R.W.); and Department of Pathology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Mich (A.M.U.)
| | - Theodora A Potretzke
- From the Department of Radiology (M.G.L.) and Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (R.H.), University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, E3/311 Clinical Sciences Center, 600 Highland Ave, Madison, WI 53792; American College of Radiology Institute for Radiologic Pathology, Silver Spring, Md (M.G.L., J.M., A.A.F.); Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Scottsdale, Ariz (A.K.); Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minn (T.A.P.); Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Md (A.A.F.); Department of Radiology, Moncrief Army Health Clinic, Fort Jackson, Columbia, SC (R.W.); and Department of Pathology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Mich (A.M.U.)
| | - Aletta Ann Frazier
- From the Department of Radiology (M.G.L.) and Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (R.H.), University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, E3/311 Clinical Sciences Center, 600 Highland Ave, Madison, WI 53792; American College of Radiology Institute for Radiologic Pathology, Silver Spring, Md (M.G.L., J.M., A.A.F.); Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Scottsdale, Ariz (A.K.); Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minn (T.A.P.); Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Md (A.A.F.); Department of Radiology, Moncrief Army Health Clinic, Fort Jackson, Columbia, SC (R.W.); and Department of Pathology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Mich (A.M.U.)
| | - Ryan Whiting
- From the Department of Radiology (M.G.L.) and Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (R.H.), University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, E3/311 Clinical Sciences Center, 600 Highland Ave, Madison, WI 53792; American College of Radiology Institute for Radiologic Pathology, Silver Spring, Md (M.G.L., J.M., A.A.F.); Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Scottsdale, Ariz (A.K.); Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minn (T.A.P.); Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Md (A.A.F.); Department of Radiology, Moncrief Army Health Clinic, Fort Jackson, Columbia, SC (R.W.); and Department of Pathology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Mich (A.M.U.)
| | - Aaron M Udager
- From the Department of Radiology (M.G.L.) and Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (R.H.), University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, E3/311 Clinical Sciences Center, 600 Highland Ave, Madison, WI 53792; American College of Radiology Institute for Radiologic Pathology, Silver Spring, Md (M.G.L., J.M., A.A.F.); Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Scottsdale, Ariz (A.K.); Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minn (T.A.P.); Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Md (A.A.F.); Department of Radiology, Moncrief Army Health Clinic, Fort Jackson, Columbia, SC (R.W.); and Department of Pathology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Mich (A.M.U.)
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Garg V, Ray M, Haresh KP, Sahoo RK, Sharma A, Kaushal S, Batra A. Clinical Profile and Predictors of Survival in Carcinoma Penis Patients. Curr Oncol 2023; 30:4563-4574. [PMID: 37232803 DOI: 10.3390/curroncol30050345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Revised: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Carcinoma penis is a rare neoplasm, and the literature is scarce on long-term survival and its predictors. The aim of the study was to determine the clinical profile and management patterns, identify predictors of survival, and the impact of education and rural/urban dwelling on survival. METHODS Patients with a histological diagnosis of carcinoma penis from January 2015 to December 2019 were included in the study. Demographics, clinical profile, education status, primary residence address, and outcomes were obtained from the case records. Distance from the treatment centre was obtained from the postal code. The primary objectives were to assess relapse-free survival (RFS) and overall survival (OS). The secondary objectives were to identify the predictors of RFS and OS and to determine the clinical profile and treatment patterns in patients with carcinoma penis in India. Time-to-event was calculated by Kaplan-Meir analysis and survival was compared by the log-rank test. Univariate and multivariable Cox regression analyses were used to find independent predictors of relapse and mortality. Logistic regression analyses to examine the associations of rural residence, education status, and distance from the treatment centre with the relapse adjusting for measured confounding variables. RESULTS Case records of 102 patients treated during the above period were retrieved. The median age was 55.5 (interquartile range [IQR] 42-65 years). Ulcero-proliferative growth (65%), pain (57%), and dysuria (36%) were the most common presenting features. Clinical examination or imaging revealed inguinal lymphadenopathy in 70.6% of patients, however, only 42% of these lesions were pathologically involved. A total of 58.8% of patients were from rural areas, 46.9% had no formal education, and 50.9% had a primary residence ≥100 km from the hospital. Patients with lower education and rural households had higher TNM stages and nodal involvement. Median RFS and OS were 57.6 months (15.8 months to not reached) and 83.9 months (32.5 months to not reached), respectively. On univariate analysis tumor stage, involvement of lymph nodes, T stage, performance status, and albumin was predictive for relapse and survival. However, on multivariate analysis, the stage remained the only predictor of RFS and nodal involvement, and metastatic disease was a predictor of OS. Education status, rural habitation, and distance from the treatment centre were not predictors for relapse or survival. CONCLUSIONS Patients with carcinoma have locally advanced disease at presentation. Rural dwellings and lower education were associated with the advanced stage but did not have a significant bearing on the survival outcomes. The stage at diagnosis and nodal involvement is the most important predictor of RFS and OS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vikas Garg
- Department of Medical Oncology, BR Ambedkar Institute Rotary Cancer Hospital, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Delhi 110029, India
| | - Mukurdipi Ray
- Department of Surgical Oncology, BR Ambedkar Institute Rotary Cancer Hospital, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Delhi 110029, India
| | - K P Haresh
- Department of Radiation Oncology, BR Ambedkar Institute Rotary Cancer Hospital, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Delhi 110029, India
| | - Ranjit Kumar Sahoo
- Department of Medical Oncology, BR Ambedkar Institute Rotary Cancer Hospital, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Delhi 110029, India
| | - Atul Sharma
- Department of Medical Oncology, BR Ambedkar Institute Rotary Cancer Hospital, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Delhi 110029, India
| | - Seema Kaushal
- Department of Pathology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Delhi 110029, India
| | - Atul Batra
- Department of Medical Oncology, BR Ambedkar Institute Rotary Cancer Hospital, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Delhi 110029, India
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Yi X, Lu H, Li W, Tang Y. Venous thrombosis, multiple carcinomatous foci and differences in metastatic pathways of penile carcinoma. Oncol Lett 2023; 25:88. [PMID: 36817041 PMCID: PMC9932005 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2023.13674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to explore the life-threatening complications and metastatic pathways of penile squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), as numerous patients with penile cancer are relatively young, are of good general health and have no visceral metastasis, yet have poor survival rates. A total of 94 patients with SCC of the penis who were surgically treated were included in the current study. The coagulation parameters, including prothrombin time (PT), fibrinogen and D-dimer, were analyzed. The patients' age ranged from 25 to 95 years (mean ± standard deviation, 53.3±1.4 years). A total of 77 patients (81.9%) underwent partial penectomy and 17 (18.1%) underwent radical penectomy. The PT was significantly different between patients whose tumour invaded the corpora cavenosum and those whose tumour had not invaded, and between patients with and without pelvic lymph node metastasis. A negative correlation was obtained between PT and pelvic lymph node metastasis. In addition, six typical SCC cases and one metastatic penile carcinoma case manifested with multiple carcinomatous foci, embolisms and evidence of a metastatic pathway occurring simultaneously with tumour progression were presented. The present study indicated that venous thrombosis is one of the life-threatening complications of advanced penile cancer. Furthermore, multiple carcinomatous foci were detected in histological images. Of note, direct clinical evidence for different metastatic pathways of primary and secondary penile carcinoma was provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianlin Yi
- Department of Urology, Wuming Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530199, P.R. China
| | - Haoyuan Lu
- Department of Urology, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, P.R. China
| | - Wenhui Li
- Division of General Practice, Community Healthcare Center of Zhongshan Torch Development Zone, Zhongshan, Guangdong 528437, P.R. China
| | - Yong Tang
- Department of Urology, Wuming Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530199, P.R. China,Correspondence to: Professor Yong Tang, Department of Urology, Wuming Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, 26 Yong Ning Road, Nanning, Guangxi 530199, P.R. China, E-mail:
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Drevinskaite M, Patasius A, Kincius M, Jonušas J, Ladukas A, Jievaltas M, Kairevice L, Smailyte G. Incidence, mortality and survival trends of penile cancer in Lithuania 1998-2017. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1124101. [PMID: 37213282 PMCID: PMC10196467 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1124101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and objectives The aim of this study was to analyse trends in penile cancer incidence, mortality, and relative survival in Lithuania during the period of 1998-2017. Materials and methods The study was based on all cases of penile cancer reported to the Lithuanian Cancer Registry between 1998 and 2017. Age-specific rates standardized rates were calculated, using the direct method (World standard population). The Joinpoint regression model was used to provide estimated average annual percentage change (AAPC). One-year and five-year relative survival estimates were calculated using period analysis. Relative survival was calculated as the ratio of the observed survival of cancer patients and the expected survival of the underlying general population. Results During the study period, the age-standardized incidence rate of penile cancer varied between 0.72 and 1.64 per 100 000, with AAPC 0.9% (95% CI -0.8-2.7). The mortality rate of penile cancer in Lithuania during this period varied from 0.18 to 0.69 per 100 000, with AAPC of -2.6% (95% CI -5.3-0.3). Relative one-year survival of patients, diagnosed with penile cancer improved over the time from 75.84% in period 1998-2001 to 89.33% in period 2014-2017. Relative five-year survival rate of patients, diagnosed with penile cancer changed from 55.44% in period 1998-2001 to 72.90% in period 2014-2017. Conclusions The incidence rates of penile cancer showed an increasing trend, while mortality rates were decreasing in Lithuania during 1998-2017. One-year and five-year relative survival increased, however, it does not reach the highest scores of Northern European countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingaile Drevinskaite
- Laboratory of Cancer Epidemiology, National Cancer Institute, Vilnius, Lithuania
- *Correspondence: Mingaile Drevinskaite,
| | - Ausvydas Patasius
- Laboratory of Cancer Epidemiology, National Cancer Institute, Vilnius, Lithuania
- Department of Public Health, Institute of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Marius Kincius
- Laboratory of Clinical Oncology, National Cancer Institute, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Justinas Jonušas
- Laboratory of Cancer Epidemiology, National Cancer Institute, Vilnius, Lithuania
- The Clinic of Internal Diseases, Family Medicine and Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius Universitys, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Adomas Ladukas
- Laboratory of Cancer Epidemiology, National Cancer Institute, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Mindaugas Jievaltas
- Urology Department, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Medicine Academy, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Laura Kairevice
- Department of Oncology and Hematology, Institute of Oncology, Medical Faculty, Lithuanian University of Health Science, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Giedre Smailyte
- Laboratory of Cancer Epidemiology, National Cancer Institute, Vilnius, Lithuania
- Department of Public Health, Institute of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
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Whyte E, Sutcliffe A, Keegan P, Clifford T, Matu J, Shannon OM, Griffiths A. Effects of partial penectomy for penile cancer on sexual function: A systematic review. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0274914. [PMID: 36137121 PMCID: PMC9499284 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0274914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Penile cancer is a rare but debilitating condition, which often requires aggressive treatment. Partial penectomy is considered as a treatment option when a sufficient portion of the penile shaft can be maintained to preserve functionality. This systematic review, which followed the PRIMSA guidelines, aimed to evaluate the effects of partial penectomy for penile cancer on sexual function—the maintenance of which is often a priority in patient groups—and to identify potential factors which may moderate these effects. A systematic search of PubMed, The Cochrane Library, and Open Grey as well as MEDLINE, CINAHL and Open Dissertations via EBSCOhost was conducted from inception through to 24th March, 2022. Studies were required to include adults aged ≥18 years who had undergone partial penectomy for the treatment of penile cancer, with a quantitative measure of sexual function available pre- and post-surgery. Four eligible articles were identified for inclusion in this review, three of which reported a decrease in sexual function pre- to post-surgery across all domains of the International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF) questionnaire (erectile function, orgasmic function, sexual desire, intercourse satisfaction and overall satisfaction). Conversely, one study reported an increase in sexual function across IIEF domains, except for orgasmic function, which decreased, pre- to post-surgery. Greater penile length was associated with higher post-operative sexual function, whilst increasing age and higher anxiety levels were associated with lower post-operative sexual function levels in one study. Despite the overall drop in sexual function, many patients were still able to maintain satisfactory sex lives following partial penectomy. Given the limited research in this area and small sample sizes across studies, additional well-controlled investigations are warranted to provide further evidence on the effects of partial penectomy for penile cancer on sexual function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleanor Whyte
- South Tyneside and Sunderland NHS Foundation Trust, Sunderland Royal Hospital, Sunderland, United Kingdom
| | - Alexandra Sutcliffe
- South Tyneside and Sunderland NHS Foundation Trust, Sunderland Royal Hospital, Sunderland, United Kingdom
| | - Philip Keegan
- South Tyneside and Sunderland NHS Foundation Trust, Sunderland Royal Hospital, Sunderland, United Kingdom
| | - Tom Clifford
- School of Sport, Exercise and Health Science, Loughborough University, Loughborough, United Kingdom
| | - Jamie Matu
- School of Health, Leeds Beckett University, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Oliver M. Shannon
- Population Health Sciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Alex Griffiths
- School of Health, Leeds Beckett University, Leeds, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
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Deng X, Liu Y, Zhan X, Chen T, Jiang M, Jiang X, Chen L, Fu B. Trends in Incidence, Mortality, and Survival of Penile Cancer in the United States: A Population-Based Study. Front Oncol 2022; 12:891623. [PMID: 35785206 PMCID: PMC9248743 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.891623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
PurposeThe aim of this study is to investigate the trends in incidence and mortality, and explore any change in survival of penile cancer in the United States.MethodsWe obtained data from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database (2000–2018) utilizing the SEER Stat software. The joinpoint regression was used to analyze the secular trend of incidence and incidence-based mortality (IBM) stratified by age, race, and summary stage. The 5-year relative survival rate was also calculated.ResultThe age-adjusted rates of penile cancer patients were 0.38 (0.37–0.39) and 0.21 (0.2–0.21) for overall incidence and IBM, respectively. The 5-year relative survival rates were 67.7%, 66.99%, and 65.67% for the calendar periods of 2000–2004, 2005–2009, and 2010–2014, respectively. No significant changes in incidence by era were observed from 2000 to 2018 [annual percentage change (APC) = 0.5%, p = 0.064]. The IBM rate of penile cancer showed an initial significant increase from 2000 to 2002 (APC = 78.6%, 95% CI, −1.7–224.6) followed by a deceleration rate of 4.6% (95% CI, 3.9–5.3) during 2002 to 2018. No significant improvement in 5-year relative survival was observed. The trends by age, race, and summary stage in incidence and IBM were significantly different.ConclusionThis study, using population-level data from the SEER database, showed an increasing trend in IBM and no significant improvement in the 5-year relative survival rate. Meanwhile, the incidence of penile cancer exhibited a relatively stable trend during the study period. These results might be due to the lack of significant progress in the treatment and management of penile cancer patients in the United States in recent decades. More efforts, like increasing awareness among the general population and doctors, and centralized management, might be needed in the future to improve the survival of this rare disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinxi Deng
- Department of Urology, Jiu Jiang No.1 People’s Hospital, Jiujiang, China
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Xiangpeng Zhan
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Tao Chen
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Ming Jiang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Xinhao Jiang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Luyao Chen
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
- *Correspondence: Bin Fu, ; Luyao Chen,
| | - Bin Fu
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
- *Correspondence: Bin Fu, ; Luyao Chen,
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Chen Y, Liu Y, Gao L, Tang L, Guo J, Tian Y, You P, Zheng LW. Development and Verification of Prognostic Nomogram for Penile Cancer Based on the SEER Database. BioMed Research International 2022; 2022:1-16. [PMID: 35419456 PMCID: PMC9001101 DOI: 10.1155/2022/8752388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Revised: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Aim We aimed to establish a prognostic nomogram for penile cancer (PC) patients based on the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Program (SEER) database. Methods Data from 1643 patients between 2010 and 2015 were downloaded and extracted from the SEER database. They were randomly divided into the development group (70%) and the verification group (30%), and then, univariate and multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression, respectively, was used to explore the possible risk factors of PC. The factors significantly related to overall survival (OS) and cancer-specific survival (CSS) were used to establish the nomogram, which was assessed via the concordance index (C-index), receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve, and calibration curve. An internal validation was conducted to test the accuracy and effectiveness of the nomogram. Kaplan–Meier calculation was used to predict the further OS and CSS status of these patients. Results On multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression, the independent prognostic risk factors associated with OS were age, race, marital status, N/M stage, surgery, surgery of lymph nodes, and histologic type, with a moderate C-index of 0.737 (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.713–0.760) and 0.766 (95% CI: 0.731–0.801) in the development and verification groups, respectively. The areas under the ROC (AUC) of 3- and 5-year OS were 0.749 and 0.770, respectively. While marital status, N/M stage, surgery, surgery of lymph nodes, and histologic type were significantly linked to PC patients' CSS, which have better C-index of 0.802 (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.771–0.833) and 0.82 (95% CI: 0.775–0.865) in the development and verification groups, and the AUC of 3- and 5-year CSS were 0.766 and 0.787. Both of the survival calibration curves of 3- and 5-year OS and CSS brought out a high consistency. Conclusion Our study produced a satisfactory nomogram revealing the survival of PC patients, which could be helpful for clinicians to assess the situation of PC patients and to implement further treatment.
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Fitra AF, Kloping YP, Djatisoesanto W, Hakim L. Doxorubicin and ifosfamide for recurrent renal synovial sarcoma: The first case report in Indonesia. Int J Surg Case Rep 2022; 92:106895. [PMID: 35259702 PMCID: PMC8902623 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijscr.2022.106895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2022] [Revised: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction and importance Synovial sarcoma (SS) is the fourth most common soft tissue sarcoma. The primary treatment for renal SS is radical surgical resection of the tumor. However, there are several stages of SS that need systemic treatment. The consensus regarding systemic treatment remains unclear. Therefore, we reported a case of an 18-year-old male with recurrent renal SS treated with doxorubicin and ifosfamide as systemic chemotherapy. Case presentation An 18-year-old male was admitted with a chief complaint of right flank pain for three months. He had a history of radical nephrectomy due to a suspicion of Wilms tumor. The histopathological and immunohistochemistry results showed a SS of the kidney. One year after the surgery, the patient came with a sign of a residual tumor. The diagnosis of recurrent renal SS was established after the physical examination, and Second-line chemotherapy was not administered because the patient refused any further treatment. However, the patient showed a partial response after the first chemotherapy session, indicating the benefit of the treatment. Clinical discussion The chemotherapy regimen is generally considered safe and can be widely used in clinical practice. Partial response was shown after six courses of treatment. Ifosfamide-based chemotherapy was also used in some reported cases. Most of the cases reported in the current literature were only managed by surgery without using chemotherapy. These cases had various RFS, ranging from 5 to 25 months. Conclusion Doxorubicin and ifosfamide are useful as first-line chemotherapy for recurrent renal synovial sarcoma. Synovial sarcoma is a rare tumor. There has not been any consensus on systemic treatment for synovial sarcoma. Partial response are apparent in patients after receiving six courses of Doxorubicin and Ifosfamide. The regimen has a potential role as systemic chemotherapy for recurrent renal synovial sarcoma. More trials are needed before the regimen can be used in daily practice.
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Dai S, Liu Y, Liu T, Zhang Y, Luo D. Case report of penile cancer recurrence treated with cetuximab combined with anlotinib. Clin Case Rep 2022; 10:e05443. [PMID: 35223013 PMCID: PMC8847399 DOI: 10.1002/ccr3.5443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2021] [Revised: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Penile squamous cell carcinoma with pelvic lymph node metastases/recurrence has a poor prognosis. We reported a case with recurrent pSCC was administered cetuximab and anlotinib after failure of first‐line treatment and achieved an effective response. Cetuximab combined with anlotinib may be a new choice for relapsed pSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Dai
- Lung Cancer Center Department of Medical Oncology West China Hospital Sichuan University Chengdu China
| | - Yan‐Yang Liu
- Lung Cancer Center Department of Medical Oncology West China Hospital Sichuan University Chengdu China
| | - Tao Liu
- Department of Oncology The First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical CollegeChengdu Medical College Chengdu China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Pathology West China Hospital Sichuan University Chengdu China
| | - De‐Yun Luo
- Department of Abdominal Oncology West China Hospital Sichuan University Chengdu China
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Malik K, Chandrasekaran D, Kathiresan N, Raja A. Factors Predicting Nodal Metastasis in Penile Cancer: Analysis from a Tertiary Center. Urol Int 2021; 106:716-721. [PMID: 34818663 DOI: 10.1159/000519918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Lymph node metastasis is an important prognostic marker in penile cancer. Identification of occult metastasis is by lymphadenectomy based on the histological features of primary tumor; however, this leads to unnecessary surgical morbidity in node negative patients. METHODS A retrospective analysis of all surgically treated penile cancer patients managed at our institute from January 2011 to March 2014 was performed. Patient characteristics, histological factors, and lymph node involvement were identified. Logistic regression analysis was used to compute odds ratio (OR) in univariate and multivariate analysis. RESULTS Ninety seven patients underwent surgical management at our institute during the abovementioned period. Grade III tumor, presence of lymphovascular invasion, tumor thickness >10 mm, perineural invasion (PNI) and Ki67 >50% were significantly associated with nodal metastasis. On multivariate analysis, only presence of PNI was found to be significant (OR: 6.82) (95% confidence interval: 1.72-27.03) (p = 0.006). CONCLUSION PNI is a strong independent predictor of occult lymph node metastasis in penile cancers. Its inclusion in stratification of clinically node negative patients will identify high-risk patients who will benefit from prophylactic lymphadenectomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanuj Malik
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Cancer Institute (WIA), Chennai, India,
| | - Deepak Chandrasekaran
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Velammal Medical College Hospital and Research Institute, Madurai, India
| | | | - Anand Raja
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Cancer Institute (WIA), Chennai, India
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Liu Y, Shao Y, Kan W, Li X. Tensor fasciae lata transfer flap for repair of advanced penile cancer after groin dissection: A case series. Asian J Surg 2021; 44:1479-81. [PMID: 34426061 DOI: 10.1016/j.asjsur.2021.07.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
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Preto M, Falcone M, Blecher G, Capece M, Cocci A, Timpano M, Gontero P. Functional and Patient Reported Outcomes Following Total Glans Resurfacing. J Sex Med 2021; 18:1099-1103. [PMID: 37057466 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsxm.2021.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2021] [Revised: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Whilst there is a trend away from aggressive nonorgan sparing surgical treatments for malignant penile disease, a variety of penile preservation options exist but functional outcomes and patient reported outcomes (PROs) in this area are poorly reported to date. AIM The aim of this study is to report functional outcomes and PROs of total glans resurfacing (TGR) in a consecutive series of patients with lichen sclerosis (LS) or localized penile cancer (PC). METHODS From 2004 to 2018 a consecutive series of patients underwent TGR for the management of LS or localized PC in a tertiary referral network. Patient clinical records and operative notes were retrospectively reviewed. Statistical analysis was conducted with Stata 12. OUTCOMES Urinary and sexual outcomes were recorded utilizing both the International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF) and International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS) validated questionnaires while PROs were extrapolated from a 5-item "ad hoc" telephone questionnaire administered at 1 year post procedure. RESULTS 37 consecutive patients were enrolled. Histology results demonstrated LS in 16 patients, with the remaining 21 having a diagnosis of PC. The most common reasons for patient presentation were local pain (32.4%), pruritus (37.8%) and bleeding (29.7%). Median follow-up was 22 (IQR 13-77) months. Median age was 62 (IQR 55-68). Neither of the questionnaires assessing urinary and sexual function showed any significant deterioration after surgery. Glans sensitivity was fully maintained in 89.2% of cases. 94.5% of patients reported to be fully satisfied with the aesthetic appearance of the penis and would consider undergoing the same procedure again if necessary. 91.9% of patients would recommend the same procedure to someone else. An overall improvement of the quality of life was reported by 86.4% of patients. CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS TGR should be considered a treatment of choice for selected cases of benign or malignant penile lesions STRENGTHS AND LIMITATIONS: Our study has some limitations, the first being its retrospective nature. Furthermore, despite being one of the largest series to date, follow-up duration is somewhat limited and a control group is lacking. CONCLUSION TGR represents an excellent surgical option ensuring satisfactory voiding and sexual function, as well as cosmesis for selected cases of penile lesions. M. Preto, M. Falcone, G. Blecher, et al. Functional and Patient Reported Outcomes Following Total Glans Resurfacing. J Sex Med 2021;18:1099-1103.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirko Preto
- Urology Clinic - A.O.U. "Città della Salute e della Scienza" - Molinette Hospital, University of Turin, Italy.
| | - Marco Falcone
- Urology Clinic - A.O.U. "Città della Salute e della Scienza" - Molinette Hospital, University of Turin, Italy; Neurourology Clinic - A.O.U. "Città della Salute e della Scienza" - Unità Spinale Unipolare, Italy
| | - Gideon Blecher
- Adjunct Lecturer, Department of Surgery. Monash University. Melbourne (Australia) Wellington Rd, Clayton VIC, Australia; Urology Consultant. Department of Urology, The Alfred Hospital. Melbourne, Melbourne VIC, Australia
| | - Marco Capece
- Urology department, Federico II Hospital, University of Naples, Italy
| | - Andrea Cocci
- Urology department, Careggi Hospital, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Massimiliano Timpano
- Urology Clinic - A.O.U. "Città della Salute e della Scienza" - Molinette Hospital, University of Turin, Italy
| | - Paolo Gontero
- Urology Clinic - A.O.U. "Città della Salute e della Scienza" - Molinette Hospital, University of Turin, Italy
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de Castro RB. Editorial Comment: Erectile function after partial penectomy for penile cancer. Int Braz J Urol 2021; 47:523-524. [PMID: 33620996 PMCID: PMC7993955 DOI: 10.1590/s1677-5538.ibju.2019.0119.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo Barros de Castro
- Serviço de Urologia, Hospital Universitário Antônio Pedro - Universidade Federal Fluminense - UFF, Niterói, RJ, Brasil
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18
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Lam W. Editorial Comment to Human papilloma virus prevalence in penile cancer: A multicenter study from Denmark (DaPeCa-6). Int J Urol 2021; 28:468. [PMID: 33745211 DOI: 10.1111/iju.14552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wayne Lam
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, LKS Faculty of Medicine, Queen Mary Hospital, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
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Ranjan SK, Ghorai RP, Kumar S, Usha P, Panwar VK, Kundal A. Modified "parachute technique" of partial penectomy: A penile preservation surgery for carcinoma penis. J Family Med Prim Care 2021; 10:1054-1056. [PMID: 34041123 PMCID: PMC8138405 DOI: 10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_1784_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Revised: 10/25/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Carcinoma penis is a rare malignancy which mostly occurs after the sixth decade of life. It is managed surgically and partial penectomy is the most common procedure done in carcinoma involving the distal penis. Partial penectomy provides the opportunity of preservation of sexual function and enables the patient to micturate in standing position. The conventional technique of neourethra creation in partial penectomy is slitting the urethra dorsally. We propose an alternative approach to neourethra formation. Technique involves ventral slitting of the urethra followed by suturing which begins at the ventral aspect and continued in a parachute fashion toward the dorsal end. This new technique will help primary physicians and surgeons in providing better surgical results in caring for patients with carcinoma penis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satish K Ranjan
- Department of Urology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Rudra P Ghorai
- Department of Urology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Sunil Kumar
- Department of Urology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Preeti Usha
- Department of Community and Family Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Vikas K Panwar
- Department of Urology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Ashikesh Kundal
- Department of General Surgery, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh, Uttarakhand, India
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Emmanuel A, Watkin N. Update on organ preserving surgical strategies for penile cancer. Urol Oncol 2021; 40:179-183. [PMID: 33610446 DOI: 10.1016/j.urolonc.2021.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2020] [Revised: 12/13/2020] [Accepted: 01/09/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
With the passage of time, there has been a major paradigm shift in the surgical management of penile cancer from radical to organ preserving penile surgical techniques, with closer surgical margins which offer good oncological, cosmetic and functional outcomes with improved physical and psychosexual well-being. This article aims to provide an update of the current organ preserving surgical strategies for penile cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony Emmanuel
- Department of Urology, Freeman Hospital, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK.
| | - Nick Watkin
- Penile Cancer Centre, St George's Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK
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Thomas A, Kölling F, Haferkamp A, Tsaur I. [Quality of care criteria in the treatment of penile cancer]. Urologe A 2021; 60:186-192. [PMID: 33452551 DOI: 10.1007/s00120-020-01429-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Penile cancer is a rare malignancy and the wide range of quality of care associated with it often results in inferior oncologic and functional treatment outcomes. OBJECTIVES Assessment of the current healthcare situation in clinical routine and identification of the relevant key features and reference values for quality of care. MATERIALS AND METHODS Search for relevant peer-reviewed articles and published congress abstracts in Medline, Embase and other databases as well as Google web search engine. RESULTS Key quality features of penile cancer management include organ-sparing surgery of the primary tumor, invasive inguinal lymph node staging and systemic treatment. Adherence to treatment guidelines is currently low. Centralization of care has already led to a considerable improvement in the quality of care in some areas and increasing conformity with the guidelines' recommendations. CONCLUSION Centralization of care and networks based on this can significantly improve patient outcomes. Thus, reference values for core parameters of quality cancer care can be generated and validated. Moreover, organ-sparing surgery, invasive lymph node staging and systemic therapy should be increasingly utilized. As a reference value, 90% adherence to the guidelines for these three features is recommended. However, before centralization of care can be introduced, aspects relevant to practical implementation must be addressed, such as the reimbursement of travel costs for those affected, infrastructure costs and instruments to measure quality of life and patient satisfaction after centralization.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Thomas
- Klinik für Urologie und Kinderurologie, Universitätsmedizin Mainz, Langenbeckstr. 1, 55131, Mainz, Deutschland.
| | - F Kölling
- Klinik für Urologie und Kinderurologie, Universitätsmedizin Mainz, Langenbeckstr. 1, 55131, Mainz, Deutschland
| | - A Haferkamp
- Klinik für Urologie und Kinderurologie, Universitätsmedizin Mainz, Langenbeckstr. 1, 55131, Mainz, Deutschland
| | - I Tsaur
- Klinik für Urologie und Kinderurologie, Universitätsmedizin Mainz, Langenbeckstr. 1, 55131, Mainz, Deutschland
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Bandini M, Ross JS, Zhu Y, Ye DW, Ornellas AA, Watkin N, Ayres BA, Hakenberg OW, Heidenreich A, Salvioni R, Catanzaro M, Raggi D, Giannatempo P, Marandino L, Haidl F, Pederzoli F, Briganti A, Montorsi F, Chipollini J, Azizi M, De Meerleer G, Brouwer OR, Grass GD, Johnstone PA, Albersen M, Spiess PE, Necchi A. Association Between Human Papillomavirus Infection and Outcome of Perioperative Nodal Radiotherapy for Penile Carcinoma. Eur Urol Oncol 2020; 4:802-810. [PMID: 33199252 DOI: 10.1016/j.euo.2020.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Revised: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Data on the impact of human papillomavirus (HPV) infection status and outcomes for perioperative treatments for patients with lymph node-involved penile squamous-cell carcinoma (PSCC) are lacking. OBJECTIVE To analyze the benefit from perioperative radiotherapy (RT) for PSCC according to HPV infection status. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS In an international multicenter database of 1254 patients with PSCC who received inguinal lymph node dissection (ILND), 507 had suitable clinical information. INTERVENTION ILND, with or without chemotherapy or RT for involved lymph nodes. OUTCOME MEASUREMENTS AND STATISTICAL ANALYSIS Kaplan-Meier and restricted mean survival time (RMST) analyses for overall survival (OS) were performed for all patients and after propensity score-matching (PSM; n = 136), for which patient age, histology, type of penile surgical procedure, pathological tumor and nodal stage, ILND laterality, pelvic LND, and perioperative treatment were taken into account when assessing differences between HPV+ and HPV- patients. Finally, we looked at genomic alterations in PSCC using data from the Foundation Medicine database (n = 199) to characterize HPV+ PSCC. RESULTS AND LIMITATIONS Patients with HPV+ PSCC (n = 86; 17%) had lower clinical N stage (p < 0.001) and inguinal lymph node metastasis density (p < 0.001). Perioperative RT was delivered in 49 patients (9.7%), with the vast majority receiving adjuvant RT (n = 40). HPV+ patients had similar median OS (p = 0.1) but longer RMST than HPV- patients at different time points. Nevertheless, HPV+ patients treated with perioperative RT exhibited longer median OS (p = 0.015) and longer RMST compared to HPV- patients. In the PSM cohorts, HPV+ status remained significantly associated with longer OS after RT. The HPV- PSCC group had a higher frequency of TP53 mutations compared to HPV+ PSCC (75% vs 15%; p < 0.001). The results are limited by the retrospective nature of the data. CONCLUSIONS Perioperative RT was more effective in the HPV+ PSCC subgroup. Reasons for the enhanced radiosensitivity may be related to the lack of TP53 mutations. PATIENT SUMMARY We analyzed data from a large multicenter database for patients with penile cancer who had received inguinal lymph node dissection, with or without chemotherapy or radiotherapy. We found that for tumors positive for human papillomavirus (HPV), use of radiotherapy resulted in prolonged survival compared to HPV-negative tumors. On the basis of these results we are inspired to design studies on the use of radiotherapy in HPV-selected patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Bandini
- San Raffaele Hospital and Scientific Institute, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Jeffrey S Ross
- Foundation Medicine Inc., Cambridge, MA, USA; Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA
| | - Yao Zhu
- Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Ding-Wei Ye
- Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Antonio A Ornellas
- Hospital Mário Kröeff and Brazilian Cancer Institute, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Nick Watkin
- St. George's University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Benjamin A Ayres
- St. George's University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | | | | | | | - Mario Catanzaro
- Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Daniele Raggi
- Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Laura Marandino
- Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Filippo Pederzoli
- San Raffaele Hospital and Scientific Institute, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Alberto Briganti
- San Raffaele Hospital and Scientific Institute, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesco Montorsi
- San Raffaele Hospital and Scientific Institute, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Juan Chipollini
- Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Mounsif Azizi
- Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
| | | | - Oscar R Brouwer
- The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - G Daniel Grass
- Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
| | | | | | | | - Andrea Necchi
- San Raffaele Hospital and Scientific Institute, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy; Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy.
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Rajaian S, Pragatheeswarane M, Boopesh P, Jain D. Penile carcinoma with isolated expansile skull metastasis. J Postgrad Med 2020; 66:55-56. [PMID: 31898593 PMCID: PMC6970323 DOI: 10.4103/jpgm.jpgm_264_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- S Rajaian
- Department of Urology, MIOT International, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | | | - P Boopesh
- Department of Neurosurgery, MIOT International, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - D Jain
- Department of Pathology, MIOT International, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
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Korkes F, Rodrigues AFS, Baccaglini W, Cunha FTS, Slongo J, Spiess P, Glina S. Penile cancer trends and economic burden in the Brazilian public health system. Einstein (Sao Paulo) 2020; 18:eAO5577. [PMID: 33174969 PMCID: PMC7607917 DOI: 10.31744/einstein_journal/2020ao5577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: To gather information on penile cancer epidemiologic trends and its economic impact on the Brazilian Public Health System across the last 25 years. Methods: The Brazilian Public Health System database was used as the primary source of data from January 1992 to December 2017. Mortality and incidence data from the Instituto Nacional de Câncer José Alencar Gomes da Silva was collected using the International Classification of Diseases ICD10 C60. Demographic data from the Brazilian population was obtained from the last census by the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics, performed in 2010 and its 2017 review. Results: There were 9,743 hospital admissions related to penile cancer from 1992 to 2017. There was a reduction (36%) in the absolute number of admissions per year related to penile cancer in 2017, as compared to 1992 (2.7versus 1.7 per 100,000; p<0.001). The expenses with admissions related to this condition in this period were US$ 3,002,705.73 (US$ 115,488.68/year). Approximately 38% of the total amount was spent in Northeast Region. In 1992, penile cancer costed US$ 193,502.05 to the public health system, while in 2017, it reduced to US$ 47,078.66 (p<0.02). Penile cancer incidence in 2017 was 0.43/100,000 male Brazilian, with the highest incidence rate found in the Northeast Region. From 1992 to 2017, the mortality rates of penile cancer in Brazil were 0.38/100,000 man, and 0.50/100,000 man in the North Region. Conclusion: Despite the decrease in admissions, penile cancer still imposes a significant economic and social burden to the Brazilian population and the Public Health System.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Júlio Slongo
- University of South Florida, Tampa, United States
| | - Philippe Spiess
- H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, United States
| | - Sidney Glina
- Faculdade de Medicina do ABC, Santo André, SP, Brazil
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Abstract
PURPOSE Penile cancer (PeCa) is a rare malignancy with a poor prognosis in advanced disease. There is still a limited understanding of the biological mediators that are important in the prognosis and therapy of the disease. This review aims to provide a summary of the immune micro-environment, molecular oncogenesis and the role of HPV in the disease applying to the potential of the use of immunotherapy. METHODS Narrative, non-systematic review based on publications retrieved by PubMed and EMBASE search. RESULTS The molecular mechanisms underlying penile carcinogenesis are complex, and human papillomavirus (HPV) infection is a well-characterized driver of penile cancer. Up to 50% of the penile carcinomas are HPV related. There is potential to improve prevention, treatment and follow-up strategies pertaining to the role of HPV in penile cancer. Immune response modifiers such as toll-like receptor agonists are being used in a topical fashion for penile intraepithelial neoplasia while immune checkpoint inhibitors are currently under clinical investigation for its application in penile cancer. CONCLUSIONS The knowledge of prognosis-relevant biological pathways in penile cancer is expanding. HPV plays an important role in the carcinogenesis. This can lead to the identification of therapeutic targets which could significantly influence the prognosis of advanced penile cancer. Clinical trials are being conducted to pave the way for immune-modifying treatment modalities.
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Falcone M, Preto M, Oderda M, Timpano M, Russo GI, Capogrosso P, Cocci A, Fode M, Gontero P. Total Glans Resurfacing for the Management of Superficial Penile Cancer: A Retrospective Cohort Analysis in a Tertiary Referral Center. Urology 2020; 145:281-286. [DOI: 10.1016/j.urology.2020.06.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Revised: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Ribeiro de Campos EC, Adriano Júnior MG, Winheski MR, Lima JA, Martins R, Guimarães GC. Penile carcinoma and myiasis: A rare association. Case report and literature review. Urol Case Rep 2020; 33:101410. [PMID: 33102107 PMCID: PMC7574289 DOI: 10.1016/j.eucr.2020.101410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Revised: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Penile carcinoma is rare neoplasm in western countries. In development countries can constitute more than 10–20% malignant disease in men. It is usually seen in men with poor standards of penile hygiene. The bot fly (Dermatobia hominis) is endemic in certainly regions such as Central and South America. Human infestation at nonendemic areas is difficult to diagnose and the penile localization is rare and makes the diagnosis more difficult. The authors describe a rare case of simultaneous association between penile carcinoma and myiasis treated both surgically.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Marcus Rivabem Winheski
- Oncology Surgical Department of Evangélico Mackenzie University Hospital, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | - José Arruda Lima
- Oncology Surgical Department of Evangélico Mackenzie University Hospital, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
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Hajiran A, Zemp L, Aydin AM, Cheryian SK, Pow-Sang JM, Chahoud J, Spiess PE. Topical chemotherapy for penile carcinoma in situ: Contemporary outcomes and reported toxicity. Urol Oncol 2021; 39:72.e1-5. [PMID: 33036902 DOI: 10.1016/j.urolonc.2020.09.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Revised: 08/16/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The toxicity of topical chemotherapeutics has been well-characterized in extra-genital squamous cell carcinoma; however, there is limited data regarding the use of topical agents for penile squamous cell carcinoma in situ (CIS). We aim to describe the clinical outcomes and toxicities associated with the use of topical fluorouracil and imiquimod for penile CIS. MATERIALS AND METHODS We performed an observational analysis of penile CIS cases treated with topical chemotherapy from 2009 to 2019 at a tertiary cancer center. RESULTS Twenty patients with penile CIS received fluorouracil (n= 17, 85%) or imiquimod (n = 3, 15%). The median age was 66 years. The median follow-up was 18 months. Complete response (CR) was achieved in 65% (n= 13/20), partial response in 25% (n = 5/20), and no response in 10% (n = 2/20). Overall, 50% required additional alternative treatments due to lack of CR or relapse. The median recurrence-free survival was 14 months. Fifty percent of patients reported Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events v5.0 grade 1 to 2 acute toxicities, including local skin irritation (40%), pain (35%), dysuria (5%), or nausea (5%). Only 65% completed the full course of treatment. Nonadherence was associated with a diminished CR rate of 28.6%. CONCLUSIONS Topical chemotherapy is a reasonable first-line therapy for penile CIS. A substantial proportion of patients experience acute toxicity and are unable to complete the full course of therapy. We recommend that patients with penile CIS be monitored regularly in order to promptly address issues with adherence and toxicity associated with topical treatment.
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Thomas A, Vanthoor J, Vos G, Tsaur I, Albersen M; and in collaboration with the European Reference Network for rare urogenital diseases and complex conditions (eUROGEN). Risk factors and molecular characterization of penile cancer: impact on prognosis and potential targets for systemic therapy. Curr Opin Urol 2020; 30:202-7. [PMID: 31895076 DOI: 10.1097/MOU.0000000000000712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW To provide a comprehensive summary of risk factors, molecular machinery as well as potential therapeutic targets with a particular focus on literature published in the last 2 years on prognosis and treatment of penile cancer (PeCa). RECENT FINDINGS E2F, LAMC2, MAML2, ID1 and IGFBP2 proteins were demonstrated to play a critical role for aggressive tumor behavior and might predict poor survival in PeCa. PD-L1 axis was confirmed as a promising pathway to serve as a therapeutic target. A number of genetic alterations were illuminated. In clinical testing, pan-HER tyrosine kinase inhibitor dacomitinib provided promising results in chemo-naïve and EGFR monoantibody nimotuzumab in chemotherapy-failed PeCa patients. SUMMARY Knowledge of prognosis-relevant altered molecular pathways in PeCa is expanding paving the way for identification of potential therapeutic targets. Multicenter clinical trials in the setting of centralized PeCa care are warranted to foster effective marker-based individualized treatment strategies.
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Bandini M, Zhu Y, Ye DW, Ornellas AA, Watkin N, Ayres B, Hakenberg OW, Heidenreich A, Raggi D, Giannatempo P, Marandino L, Haidl F, Pederzoli F, Briganti A, Montorsi F, Chipollini J, Azizi M, De Meerleer G, Brouwer OR, Grass GD, Johnstone PA, Albersen M, Spiess PE, Necchi A. Contemporary Treatment Patterns and Outcomes for Patients with Penile Squamous Cell Carcinoma: Identifying Management Gaps to Promote Multi-institutional Collaboration. Eur Urol Oncol 2021; 4:121-3. [PMID: 32943378 DOI: 10.1016/j.euo.2020.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Revised: 06/25/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Abstract
PURPOSE Accurate nodal staging for male urogenital malignancies has important implications for therapy and prognosis. Male pelvic malignancies, including prostatic, penile, testicular, and bladder cancer, typically metastasize to regional lymph nodes first which is reported by the N-stage. Spread beyond these groups to non-regional nodes is regarded as M-stage disease. METHODS In this review, we discuss the typical patterns of male pelvic lymphatic drainage and the tumor-specific regional nodal chains. RESULTS The impact of tumor-specific imaging features and the implications of previous treatments on staging are discussed. CONCLUSIONS While anatomic imaging, including CT and MRI, is the most widely employed imaging modality at present, newer functional imaging techniques have demonstrated promise in the accurate identification and characterization of nodal metastases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aileen O'Shea
- Division of Abdominal Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA.
| | - Aoife Kilcoyne
- Division of Abdominal Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
| | - Sandeep S Hedgire
- Division of Cardiovascular Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
| | - Mukesh G Harisinghani
- Division of Abdominal Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
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Baweja A, Mar N. Metastatic penile squamous cell carcinoma with dramatic response to combined checkpoint blockade with ipilimumab and nivolumab. J Oncol Pharm Pract 2020; 27:212-215. [PMID: 32380900 DOI: 10.1177/1078155220922602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Prognosis for patients with lymph node positive or metastatic penile squamous cell carcinoma remains poor. Chemotherapy with paclitaxel, ifosfamide, and cisplatin (TIP regimen) is recommended as a first-line option in this cohort of patients. No standard preferred subsequent-line therapy exists for patients with relapsed or refractory penile carcinoma following TIP chemotherapy. Molecular pathogenesis of penile cancer can be subdivided into human papilloma virus-dependent and human papilloma virus-independent pathways. Recent studies have demonstrated increased expression of programmed death ligand-1 in some penile tumors, commonly those that are human papilloma virus-negative. Given the rarity of penile carcinoma in industrialized countries and lack of effective therapies, checkpoint inhibitors may be an attractive treatment option for this subset of patients. CASE REPORT We report a case of metastatic penile cancer refractory to TIP chemotherapy, with a dramatic treatment response to ipilimumab and nivolumab. Molecular profiling of this tumor showed a high programmed death ligand-1 expression, high tumor mutational burden, high microsatellite instability, and alterations in DNA mismatch repair genes. DISCUSSION This case highlights another dimension of information that may be gained with molecular genomic profiling of penile tumors, providing insight into the biologic behavior of this neoplasm and assessing for predictive biomarkers of response to immune checkpoint inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abinav Baweja
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, 8788University of California Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Nataliya Mar
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, 8788University of California Irvine, CA, USA
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Abstract
The opportunity to prevent, to improve their prognosis, or even to cure uro-oncological diseases by modifying the lifestyle habits is a very modern topical subject and represents a great and fascinating challenge for the future. A PubMed and Web of Science databases search has been performed to review the published knowledge on most important lifestyle habits, such as smoking, physical activity, nutrition, sexual activity, and personal hygiene, highlighting modifiable factors influencing development and progression of urological cancers. Cigarette smoking has been historically established as risk factors for urothelial cancer, and an association with risk of renal cell carcinoma and worse prognosis of prostate cancer has been sufficiently demonstrated. Poor genital hygiene is a recognized risk factor for penile cancer. Furthermore, a convincing evidence has been found on the association between physical activity and both risk and prognosis of bladder and prostate cancer. Obesity is strongly associated with increased risk of developing lethal prostate cancer. An unequivocal evidence of a direct relationship between most of the other lifestyle habits and development of the uro-oncological diseases has not been found.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sacco Emilio
- Department of Urology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Roma, Italy
| | - Vaccarella Luigi
- Department of Urology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Roma, Italy
| | - Bientinesi Riccardo
- Department of Urology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Roma, Italy
| | - Gandi Carlo
- Department of Urology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Roma, Italy
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Vieira CB, Feitoza L, Pinho J, Teixeira-Júnior A, Lages J, Calixto J, Coelho R, Nogueira L, Cunha I, Soares F, Silva GEB. Profile of patients with penile cancer in the region with the highest worldwide incidence. Sci Rep 2020; 10:2965. [PMID: 32076037 PMCID: PMC7031540 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-59831-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2019] [Accepted: 01/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
To determine the epidemiological, histopathological, and clinical characteristics of patients diagnosed with penile cancer in the Brazilian state of Maranhão, the region with the highest incidence worldwide. One hundred and sixteen penile cancer patients were interviewed from July 2016 to October 2018. The majority of patients lived in a rural area (57%), worked in farming (58%), had a low level of schooling or no schooling (90%), and were married or in a stable relationship (74%). The mean age was 60.4 ± 16.51 years (range, 23–93 years). Phimosis (66%), poor/moderate genital hygiene (73%), history of sexually transmitted infections (55%), and zoophilia (60%) were found in the majority of patients. Most patients had their first sexual encounter at 16.2 ± 2.8 years (range, 10–25 years), and 75% had >6 sexual partners. The most common initial symptom was pruritus (37%), and most patients waited to seek treatment (average time to treatment, 18.9 months; range, 2–84 months). Human papillomavirus (HPV)-related histologies were observed in 62% of patients. Most patients had histological grades II or III (87%), stage ≥T2 disease (84%), and lymphadenopathy at admission (42%). Penectomy was performed in 96% of patients. The population with penile cancer in the region of highest incidence in the world is marked by low socioeconomic status, high prevalence of HPV infection, and phimosis. The delay in seeking treatment is related to a very high rate of advanced cancer and aggressive surgical treatment. The high prevalence of young patients was also a striking feature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ciro Bezerra Vieira
- University Hospital of Federal University of Maranhão (UFMA), Barão de Itapari Street, Centro, São Luís, Brazil
| | - Laisson Feitoza
- Department of Radiology, University Clinic Hospital of Estadual University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Jaqueline Pinho
- Laboratory of Immunofluorescence and Electron Microscopy (LIME), Presidente Dutra University Hospital (HUUFMA), São Luís, MA, Brazil
| | - Antonio Teixeira-Júnior
- Postgraduate Program in Adult Health (PPGSAD), Federal University of Maranhão (UFMA), São Luis, MA, Brazil
| | - Joyce Lages
- Department of Public Health, Presidente Dutra University Hospital (HUUFMA), São Luís, MA, Brazil
| | - José Calixto
- Department of Medicine II, Federal University of Maranhão (UFMA), São Luís, MA, Brazil
| | - Ronald Coelho
- Doctor, Oncologist at the Aldenora Bello Cancer Hospital (HCAB), São Luís, MA, Brazil
| | - Leudivan Nogueira
- Doctor, Urologist at the Aldenora Bello Cancer Hospital (HCAB), São Luís, MA, Brazil
| | - Isabela Cunha
- Doctor at the Antônio Prudente Foundation, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fernando Soares
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Gyl Eanes Barros Silva
- Laboratory of Immunofluorescence and Electron Microscopy (LIME), Presidente Dutra University Hospital (HUUFMA), São Luís, MA, Brazil. .,Department of Pathology, Ribeirão Preto Medical of School, University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, Brazil.
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Lindner AK, Schachtner G, Steiner E, Kroiss A, Uprimny C, Steinkohl F, Horninger W, Heidegger I, Madersbacher S, Pichler R. Organ-sparing surgery of penile cancer: higher rate of local recurrence yet no impact on overall survival. World J Urol 2020; 38:417-424. [PMID: 31062123 PMCID: PMC6994547 DOI: 10.1007/s00345-019-02793-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2019] [Accepted: 04/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To report on the oncological outcome of organ-sparing surgery (OSS) compared to (total or partial) penectomy regarding recurrence patterns and survival in squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the penis. METHODS This was a retrospective study of all patients with penile SCC and eligible follow-up data of at least 2 years at our institution. Patients with tumors staged ≥ pT1G2 underwent invasive lymph node (LN) staging by dynamic sentinel-node biopsy or modified inguinal lymphadenectomy. Radical inguinal lymphadenectomy was performed when LNs were palpable at diagnosis and in those with a positive LN status after invasive nodal staging. Follow-up visits were assessed, and local, regional and distant recurrences were defined and analyzed. RESULTS 55 patients were identified with a mean follow-up of 63.7 months. Surgical management was OSS in 26 patients (47.2%) and partial or total penectomy in 29 cases (52.8%). Histopathological staging was: pTis (12.7%), pTa (16.3%), pT1a (18.2%), pT1b (5.5%), pT2 (29.1%) and pT3 (18.2%), respectively. Patients in the penectomy group were significantly older (mean 68 vs. 62 years; p = 0.026) with a higher rate of advanced tumor stage (≥ pT2: 44.8% vs. 11.5%; p = 0.002). The local recurrence rate was 42.3% (n = 11) following OSS compared to 10.3% (n = 3) after penectomy (p = 0.007). Kaplan-Meier curves showed no significant differences between the two groups regarding metastasis-free and overall survival. CONCLUSIONS OSS is associated with a higher local recurrence rate compared to penectomy, yet it has no negative impact on overall and metastasis-free survival.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gert Schachtner
- Department of Urology, Medical University Innsbruck, Anichstraße 35, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Eberhard Steiner
- Department of Urology, Medical University Innsbruck, Anichstraße 35, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Alexander Kroiss
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Christian Uprimny
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Fabian Steinkohl
- Department of Radiology, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Wolfgang Horninger
- Department of Urology, Medical University Innsbruck, Anichstraße 35, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Isabel Heidegger
- Department of Urology, Medical University Innsbruck, Anichstraße 35, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Stephan Madersbacher
- Department of Urology, Kaiser Franz Josef Hospital, Sigmund Freud Private University, Vienna, Austria
| | - Renate Pichler
- Department of Urology, Medical University Innsbruck, Anichstraße 35, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
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36
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Niyogi D, Noronha J, Pal M, Bakshi G, Prakash G. Management of clinically node-negative groin in patients with penile cancer. Indian J Urol 2020; 36:8-15. [PMID: 31983820 PMCID: PMC6961429 DOI: 10.4103/iju.iju_221_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2019] [Accepted: 11/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Malignant penile neoplasms are commonly squamous etiology, with the inguinal nodes being the first echelon of spread. The disease spreads to the pelvic lymph nodes only after metastases to the groin nodes, and this is the most important prognostic factor in penile carcinoma. While treatment of penile carcinoma with proven metastases to the inguinal lymph nodes mandates ilioinguinal lymph node dissection, the treatment of patients with impalpable nodes is more controversial. Overtreatment leads to excessive treatment-related morbidity in these patients, while a wait-and-see policy runs the risk of patients presenting with inguinal and distant metastases, which would have been curable at presentation. Unfortunately, no single imaging modality has been proved to be convincingly superior in the staging, and hence, management of the clinically negative groin has been subject to debate. While some high volume centers have promoted the use of dynamic sentinel lymph node biopsy, others advocate the use of the modified inguinal lymph node template to stage the groin adequately. Newer techniques such as video endoscopic inguinal lymph node dissection have been introduced as an alternative to the original radical inguinal lymphadenectomy to reduce morbidity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devayani Niyogi
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Tata Memorial Hospital, Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Jarin Noronha
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Tata Memorial Hospital, Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Mahendra Pal
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Tata Memorial Hospital, Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Ganesh Bakshi
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Tata Memorial Hospital, Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Gagan Prakash
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Tata Memorial Hospital, Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
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Iorga L, Dragos Marcu R, Cristina Diaconu C, Maria Alexandra Stanescu A, Pantea Stoian A, Liviu Dorel Mischianu D, Surcel M, Bungau S, Constantin T, Boda D, Fekete L, Gabriel Bratu O. Penile carcinoma and HPV infection (Review). Exp Ther Med 2019; 20:91-96. [PMID: 32518604 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2019.8181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2019] [Accepted: 10/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Penile carcinoma is a relatively frequent health issue in the developing countries such as Africa, Asia and South America, usually affecting men aged between 50 and 70 years. It is a highly treatable disease in its early stages, but has serious physical and psychological consequences. Usually, penile carcinoma is located in the penile glans, in approximately half the cases, with the most frequent histological type being squamous cell carcinoma with its microscopic subtypes. A large number of risk factors have been reported for this disease, having a multifactorial etiology, HPV infection being one of the most important factors involved in its appearance. Out of the HPV DNA positive genital cancers HPV-16 is the most frequently found type in men, followed by HPV-18. The evolution of penile cancer includes two independent carcinogenic pathways, related or unrelated to HPV infection. There is limited data available in literature regarding HPV-related neoplasia, as well as on the efficacy of vaccination in men, with studies still ongoing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucian Iorga
- Urology Department, Emergency University Central Military Hospital, 010825 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Radu Dragos Marcu
- Urology Department, Emergency University Central Military Hospital, 010825 Bucharest, Romania.,'Carol Davila' University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Camelia Cristina Diaconu
- 'Carol Davila' University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania.,Internal Medicine Department, Clinical Emergency Hospital of Bucharest, 014461 Bucharest, Romania
| | | | - Anca Pantea Stoian
- 'Carol Davila' University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Dan Liviu Dorel Mischianu
- Urology Department, Emergency University Central Military Hospital, 010825 Bucharest, Romania.,'Carol Davila' University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Mihaela Surcel
- Immunology Department, Victor Babes National Institute of Pathology, 050096 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Simona Bungau
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Oradea, 410073 Oradea, Romania
| | - Traian Constantin
- 'Carol Davila' University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania.,Urology Department, 'Prof. Th Burghele' Clinical Hospital, 050652 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Daniel Boda
- Dermatology Research Laboratory, 'Carol Davila' University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Laszlo Fekete
- Dermamed Private Clinic, 211 E60 Targu Mures, Romania
| | - Ovidiu Gabriel Bratu
- Urology Department, Emergency University Central Military Hospital, 010825 Bucharest, Romania.,'Carol Davila' University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania
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38
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Shkolyar E, Laurie MA, Mach KE, Trivedi DR, Zlatev DV, Chang TC, Metzner TJ, Leppert JT, Kao CS, Liao JC. Optical biopsy of penile cancer with in vivo confocal laser endomicroscopy. Urol Oncol 2019; 37:809.e1-809.e8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.urolonc.2019.08.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2019] [Revised: 07/19/2019] [Accepted: 08/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Wang Y, Wang K, Chen Y, Zhou J, Liang Y, Yang X, Li X, Cao Y, Wang D, Luo L, Li B, Li D, Wang L, Liang Z, Gao C, Wang Q, Lv Q, Li Z, Shi Y, Niu H. Mutational landscape of penile squamous cell carcinoma in a Chinese population. Int J Cancer 2019; 145:1280-1289. [PMID: 31034097 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.32373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2018] [Revised: 04/04/2019] [Accepted: 04/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Penile squamous cell carcinoma (PSCC) is a malignancy that affects the skin and tissues of the penis, but the knowledge of pathogenesis and carcinogenesis is limited. Here, we characterize the PSCC genomic landscape using whole-exome sequencing. Of the 30 paired blood and tumor samples, we identified recurrent mutations in 11 genes; confirmed previous findings for FAT1 (4/30), HRAS (4/30), NOTCH1 (4/30), TP53 (3/30) and PIK3CA (3/30); and revealed novel candidate driver genes [CASP8 (4/30), SLITRK2 (3/30), FLG (3/30) and TRRAP (3/30)]. Our in vitro experiments suggested CASP8 was involved in mediating TRAIL-induced apoptosis of penile cancer cell lines. We also observed the frequently altered pathways for potential therapeutic implications: alterations in the Notch (30% of sample altered), RTK-RAS (26.7% altered) and Hippo (23.3% altered) pathways accounted for over 50% of tumors. The frequently altered genes (>10%) in these pathways were proved to be expressed in penile tumors by immunohistochemistry assay. These findings provide new insight into the mutational and pathway landscapes of PSCC and suggest potential novel therapeutic opportunities for this malignancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonghua Wang
- Department of Urology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Ke Wang
- Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders (Ministry of Education), the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuanbin Chen
- Key Laboratory, Department of Urology and Andrology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Juan Zhou
- Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders (Ministry of Education), the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ye Liang
- Key Laboratory, Department of Urology and Andrology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Xuecheng Yang
- Department of Urology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Xiaoqi Li
- Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders (Ministry of Education), the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanwei Cao
- Department of Urology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Dong Wang
- Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders (Ministry of Education), the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lei Luo
- Department of Urology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Bin Li
- Department of Urology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Dan Li
- Key Laboratory, Department of Urology and Andrology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Liping Wang
- Key Laboratory, Department of Urology and Andrology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Zhijuan Liang
- Key Laboratory, Department of Urology and Andrology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Chengwen Gao
- The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University & The Biomedical Sciences Institute of Qingdao University (Qingdao Branch of SJTU Bio-X Institutes), Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Qifeng Wang
- Department of Pathology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.,Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qiang Lv
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhiqiang Li
- Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders (Ministry of Education), the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University & The Biomedical Sciences Institute of Qingdao University (Qingdao Branch of SJTU Bio-X Institutes), Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.,Institute of Social Cognitive and Behavioral Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,Institute of Neuropsychiatric Science and Systems Biological Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yongyong Shi
- Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders (Ministry of Education), the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University & The Biomedical Sciences Institute of Qingdao University (Qingdao Branch of SJTU Bio-X Institutes), Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.,Institute of Social Cognitive and Behavioral Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,Institute of Neuropsychiatric Science and Systems Biological Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Department of Psychiatry, First Teaching Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
| | - Haitao Niu
- Department of Urology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.,Key Laboratory, Department of Urology and Andrology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
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40
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Lieblong BJ, Montgomery BEE, Su LJ, Nakagawa M. Natural history of human papillomavirus and vaccinations in men: A literature review. Health Sci Rep 2019; 2:e118. [PMID: 31139757 PMCID: PMC6529831 DOI: 10.1002/hsr2.118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2018] [Revised: 12/07/2018] [Accepted: 02/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Infection with high-risk (HR) genotypes of the human papillomavirus (HPV) is necessary for and causative of almost all cervical cancers and their precursor condition, cervical intraepithelial neoplasia. These conditions have been sharply reduced by cervical cytology screening, and a further decrease is expected because of the recent introduction of prophylactic HPV vaccinations. While significant attention has been given to gynecologic HPV disease, men can be affected by HPV-related cancers of the anus, penis, and oropharynx. This literature review aims to address disparities in HPV-related disease in men, and certain HR male subpopulations, compared with women. DISCUSSION Overall, immunocompetent men are far less likely than women to develop anogenital HPV-related cancers, despite harboring HR HPV infections at anogenital sites. On the other hand, men who have sex with men and men living with human immunodeficiency virus infection are at considerably higher risk of HPV-related disease. Historic rates of prophylactic HPV vaccination in males have trailed those of females due to numerous multilevel factors, although, in recent years, this sex gap in vaccination coverage has been closing. In the absence of routine HPV screening in males, therapeutic vaccinations have emerged as a potential treatment modality for preinvasive neoplasia and are in various phases of clinical testing. CONCLUSION Successful reductions in HPV disease morbidity at the population level must acknowledge and target HPV infections in men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin J. Lieblong
- College of Medicine, Department of PathologyUniversity of Arkansas for Medical SciencesLittle RockArkansasUSA
| | - Brooke E. E. Montgomery
- Faye W. Boozman College of Public Health, Department of Health Behavior and Health EducationUniversity of Arkansas for Medical SciencesLittle RockArkansasUSA
| | - L. Joseph Su
- Faye W. Boozman College of Public Health, Department of EpidemiologyUniversity of Arkansas for Medical SciencesLittle RockArkansasUSA
| | - Mayumi Nakagawa
- College of Medicine, Department of PathologyUniversity of Arkansas for Medical SciencesLittle RockArkansasUSA
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Abstract
Penile cancer (PC) is a relatively rare malignancy in the United States (US) but a greater concern in developing nations. Lymph node imaging remains critical to the staging and treatment of this disease as metastases develop in a predictable, anatomic fashion. Early surgical intervention remains a mainstay in treatment and imaging often aids in decision making. This review highlights the indications for imaging in both low-stage and advanced disease. Furthermore, we discuss the benefits and limitations of currently available imaging for staging of inguinal and pelvic lymph nodes in PC and novel modalities in development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan B Bloom
- Urologic Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Michael Stern
- Department of Urology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, USA
| | - Neel H Patel
- Department of Urology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, USA
| | - Michael Zhang
- Department of Urology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, USA
| | - John L Phillips
- Department of Urology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, USA
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42
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Wei Z, Yu Z, Li H, Peng W, Zhang J, Zhang Y, Song W, Liu J, Yang W, Wang T. The appropriate number of negative lymph nodes dissection for nonmetastatic penile cancer. Andrologia 2018; 51:e13154. [PMID: 30255596 DOI: 10.1111/and.13154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2018] [Revised: 08/01/2018] [Accepted: 08/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Negative lymph nodes status has been attached more attention as a prognostic indicator for nonmetastatic penile cancer. We aimed to identify the appropriate number of negative lymph nodes dissection for nonmetastatic penile cancer using the Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results database. A total of 1,470 nonmetastatic patients with penile squamous cell carcinoma were identified during 2004 and 2013. All patients were categorised according to different risk levels and lymphadenectomy. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses were performed to evaluate the relationship between prognostic risk factors and cancer-specific survival. The optimal cut-off value of negative lymph nodes dissection was determined using the X-Tile program. A total of 1,470 patients were categorised into low- (pT1G1), intermediate- (pT1G2) or high-risk (pT1G3 and all higher stages) groups. In multivariate Cox analysis, lymphadenectomy improved the cancer-specific survival for patients in high-risk group (p = 0.014). Further, the optimal cut-off value of negative lymph nodes dissection for high-risk patients was 5 and patients with >5 negative lymph nodes had a higher cancer-specific survival (χ2 = 9.3676, p < 0.05). Therefore, lymphadenectomy improved survival for high-risk penile cancer and the removal of more than five negative lymph nodes was correlated with higher cancer-specific survival for high-risk patients who underwent lymphadenectomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhewen Wei
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Institute of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhe Yu
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Institute of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Hao Li
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Institute of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Wei Peng
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Institute of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Junfeng Zhang
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Institute of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Institute of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Wen Song
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Institute of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jihong Liu
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Institute of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Weimin Yang
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Institute of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Tao Wang
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Institute of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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Zhou QH, Deng CZ, Li ZS, Chen JP, Yao K, Huang KB, Liu TY, Liu ZW, Qin ZK, Zhou FJ, Huang W, Han H, Liu RY. Molecular characterization and integrative genomic analysis of a panel of newly established penile cancer cell lines. Cell Death Dis 2018; 9:684. [PMID: 29880898 PMCID: PMC5992159 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-018-0736-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2018] [Revised: 05/06/2018] [Accepted: 05/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Cell line models are essential tools to study the molecular mechanisms underlying tumor initiation and progression. There are limited treatment options for penile squamous cell carcinoma (PSCC), accounting for 1–2% of male tumors in developing countries, and limited progress in preclinical research in PSCC due to lacking available models with identified genomic characteristics. Here, biological and molecular characteristics and whole-genomic alterations were analyzed in a panel of PSCC cell lines newly established in our laboratory. These cell lines were all human papillomavirus (HPV)-negative, epithelial-like, immortalized, and tumorigenic in nude mice, whereas they displayed different proliferation, migration and invasion capacities in vitro, and tumorigenic ability in nude mice. They were all cisplatin sensitive, anti-EGFR therapy resistant, and androgen irresponsive. Whole-genomic sequecing analysis revealed that transition mutations (C:G>T:A and T:A>C:G) were the most common substitution types in these cell lines, whereas ERCC5, TP53, PTH1, CLTCL1, NOTCH2, MAP2K3, CDK11A/B, USP6, ADCH5, BCLAF1, CDKN2A, FANCD2, HRAS, and NOTCH1 were the most frequently altered genes. Amplifications of MYC, PLAG1, NCOA2, RUNX1T1, COX6C, and EGFR and losses of FBXW7, TET2, XPC, and FANCE were frequently observed in cell lines. The exomic variations between cell lines and their corresponding cancer tissues were highly consistent. Genetic variations were mainly involved in the MAPK, Jak-STAT, TGF-beta, Notch, and apoptosis signaling pathways. Conclusively, these panel of PSCC cell lines established in our laboratory harbor some common or specific biological characteristics and genomic variations, and they may serve as optimal models to investigate the molecular mechanisms underlying the progression, metastasis, relapses, and treatment resistance of PSCC and to develop effective treatment strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang-Hua Zhou
- Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine, 510060, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Urology, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, 510060, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chuang-Zhong Deng
- Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine, 510060, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zai-Shang Li
- Department of Urology, Shenzhen People's Hospital, Jinan University, 518020, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jie-Ping Chen
- Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine, 510060, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kai Yao
- Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine, 510060, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Urology, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, 510060, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kang-Bo Huang
- Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine, 510060, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Urology, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, 510060, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ting-Yu Liu
- Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine, 510060, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Urology, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, 510060, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhuo-Wei Liu
- Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine, 510060, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Urology, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, 510060, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zi-Ke Qin
- Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine, 510060, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Urology, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, 510060, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fang-Jian Zhou
- Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine, 510060, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Urology, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, 510060, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenlin Huang
- Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine, 510060, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Targeted Drugs and Guangzhou Enterprise Key Laboratory of Gene Medicine, Guangzhou Doublle Bioproducts Co. Ltd., 510663, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hui Han
- Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine, 510060, Guangzhou, China. .,Department of Urology, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, 510060, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Ran-Yi Liu
- Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine, 510060, Guangzhou, China.
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Hansen BT, Orumaa M, Lie AK, Brennhovd B, Nygård M. Trends in incidence, mortality and survival of penile squamous cell carcinoma in Norway 1956-2015. Int J Cancer 2018; 142:1586-1593. [PMID: 29205336 PMCID: PMC5838782 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.31194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2017] [Revised: 11/20/2017] [Accepted: 11/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
We examine trends in incidence, mortality and survival of penile squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) in Norway over 60 years. Data on all cases of penile cancer diagnosed in Norway during 1956-2015 were obtained from the Cancer Registry of Norway. Trends in age-standardized rates of penile SCC incidence, mortality and 5-year relative survival were assessed by the annual percentage change statistic and joinpoint regression. A total of 1,596 penile cancer cases were diagnosed during 1956-2015, among which 1,474 (92.4%) were SCC. During 2011-2015, the age-standardized incidence and mortality of penile SCC were 0.91 (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.78; 1.05) and 0.50 (0.42; 0.60) per 100,000, respectively, and the 5-year relative survival was 61.6% (41.9; 76.4). The incidence of SCC increased during 1956-2015, with an average annual percentage change (AAPC) of 0.80% (0.46; 1.15). The increase was strongest among men diagnosed at a relatively early age (age<=64 years; AAPC: 1.47% (0.90; 2.05)). Mortality also increased over the study period (AAPC: 0.47% (0.10; 0.85)), whereas 5-year relative survival did not change (AAPC: 0.08% (-0.19; 0.36)). We conclude that the incidence of penile SCC has increased at a moderate and constant rate during 1956-2015, and that the most consistent increase occurred among younger men. Mortality also increased during the study period. However, survival did not change, thus changes in diagnostics and treatment had little impact on survival from penile SCC. Since a substantial proportion of penile SCC is caused by human papillomavirus (HPV), the incidence increase may in part be attributed to increased exposure to HPV in the population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo T. Hansen
- Department of ResearchCancer Registry of NorwayOsloNorway
| | - Madleen Orumaa
- Department of ResearchCancer Registry of NorwayOsloNorway
| | - A. Kathrine Lie
- Section for Pathology, Center for Laboratory MedicineØstfold Hospital TrustGrålumNorway
| | - Bjørn Brennhovd
- Division of Cancer Medicine, Transplantation and SurgeryOslo University HospitalOsloNorway
| | - Mari Nygård
- Department of ResearchCancer Registry of NorwayOsloNorway
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Wan X, Zheng D, Liu C, Xu H, Xie M, Zhou J, Yao HJ, Wang Z. A Comparative study of two types of organ-sparing surgeries for early stage penile cancer: Wide local excision vs partial penectomy. Eur J Surg Oncol 2018; 44:1425-1431. [PMID: 29656798 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejso.2018.03.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2018] [Revised: 03/13/2018] [Accepted: 03/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Till date, there have been few reports of comparative studies on the outcomes of these different treatment modalities. In this study, we have aimed to comparatively evaluate the quality-of-life parameters, including sexual function, urinary function, and health-related quality of life (HRQOL), in patients with early stage penile cancers who underwent two different organ-sparing surgeries. MATERIAL AND METHODS From March 2012 to March 2015, we enrolled 15 patients with early stage penile cancers who underwent either wide local excision or partial penectomy as organ-sparing surgical treatments. We assessed their sexual and urinary functions and their HRQOL, using the International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF-15), Self-Esteem and Relationship (SEAR), and Erectile Dysfunction Inventory of Treatment Satisfaction (EDITS) questionnaires and urodynamic determinations, and comparatively analyzed the outcomes of these patients who underwent either type of surgery. RESULTS All patients who underwent these two types of surgeries experienced satisfactory outcomes. The patients who underwent wide local excision performed relatively better, in terms of their sexual functions, urinary functions, and HRQOL, but no statistically significant differences were observed in the data collected via the IIEF-15, SEAR, EDITS, and EORTC-QLQ-C30 questionnaires and urodynamic determinations (p > 0.05), except in the data corresponding to the orgasmic function (p = 0.033). CONCLUSION Both types of organ-sparing surgeries assessed in this study achieved good outcomes, in terms of the aesthetics, sexual functions, urinary functions, and HRQOL in patients, without compromising the therapeutic effects of these surgeries. However, the observed decreases in orgasmic function will need to be addressed further.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Wan
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, China
| | - Dachao Zheng
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, China
| | - Chong Liu
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, China
| | - Huan Xu
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, China
| | - Minkai Xie
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, China
| | - Juan Zhou
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, China
| | - Hai-Jun Yao
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, China.
| | - Zhong Wang
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, China.
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Zhang S, Li W, Liang F. Clinical value of fluorine-18 2-fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography in penile cancer. Oncotarget 2018; 7:48600-48606. [PMID: 27203206 PMCID: PMC5217041 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.9375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2016] [Accepted: 05/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose This study investigated the value of Fluorine-18 2-fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose (FDG) positron emission tomography (PET)/computed tomography (CT) imaging in the management of patients with advanced penile cancer. Patients and Methods Between January 2009 and August 2012, 48 patients with penile cancer at our center underwent FDG-PET/CT after CT (n=39) or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI; n=9). The accuracy of FDG-PET/CT was assessed with both organ-based and patient-based analyses. FDG-PET/CT findings were validated by either biopsy or serial CT/MRI. Clinician questionnaires performed before and after FDG-PET/CT evaluated whether the scan results affected management. Results One hundred fifteen individual lesions were evaluable in 42 patients for the organ-based analysis. Overall sensitivity was 85% and specificity was 86%. In the patient-based analysis, overall sensitivity and specificity were 82% and 93%, respectively. Pre- and post-PET surveys showed that FDG-PET/CT detected more malignant diseases than CT/MRI in 33% patients. Planned treatments were changed in 57% patients after FDG-PET/CT scan. Conclusion FDG-PET/CT has good sensitivity and specificity in the detection of metastatic penile cancer. It provides more diagnostic information to enhance clinical management than CT/MRI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng Zhang
- Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenfeng Li
- Department of Medical Oncology, Qingdao University Medical Center, Qingdao, China
| | - Fei Liang
- Clinical Statistics Center, Shanghai Cancer Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Attalla K, Paulucci DJ, Blum K, Anastos H, Moses KA, Badani KK, Spiess PE, Sfakianos JP. Demographic and socioeconomic predictors of treatment delays, pathologic stage, and survival among patients with penile cancer: A report from the National Cancer Database. Urol Oncol 2018; 36:14.e17-14.e24. [PMID: 29031418 PMCID: PMC10182403 DOI: 10.1016/j.urolonc.2017.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2017] [Revised: 08/19/2017] [Accepted: 09/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate whether socioeconomic factors affect pathologic stage, treatment delays, pathologic upstaging, and overall survival (OS) in patients with penile cancer (PC). PATIENTS AND METHODS A total of 13,283 eligible patients diagnosed with PC from 1998 to 2012 were identified from the National Cancer Database. Socioeconomic, demographic and pathologic variables were used in multivariable regression models to identify predictors of pathologic T stage ≥2, pathologic lymph node positivity, cT to pT upstaging, treatment delays, and OS. RESULTS A 5-year OS was 61.5% with a median follow-up of 41.7 months. Pathologic T stage ≥2 was identified in 3,521 patients (27.2%), 1,173 (9.2%) had ≥pN1 and 388 (7.9%) experienced cT to pT upstaging. Variables associated with a higher likelihood of pathologic T stage ≥2 included no insurance (OR = 1.79, P<0.001), lower higher education based on zip code (OR = 1.13, P = 0.027), black race (OR = 1.17, P = 0.046) and Hispanic ethnicity (OR = 1.66, P<0.001). Patients with Hispanic ethnicity (OR = 1.46; P<0.001) or living in nonmetropolitan areas were more likely to have ≥pN1 (P = 0.001). Lack of insurance was associated with cT to pT upstaging (OR = 2.05, P = 0.001) as was living in an urban vs. metropolitan area (OR = 1.35, P = 0.031). In addition to TNM stage, black vs. white race (HR = 1.56, P<0.001), living in an urban vs. metropolitan area (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.18, P = 0.022), age (HR = 1.04, P<0.001) and Charlson score (HR = 1.49, P<0.001) were associated with lower OS. CONCLUSION Socioeconomic variables including no insurance, lower education, race, Hispanic ethnicity, and nonmetropolitan residence were found to be poor prognostic factors. Increased educational awareness of this rare disease may help reduce delays in diagnosis, improve prognosis and ultimately prevent deaths among socioeconomically disadvantaged men with PC.
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Abstract
Penile cancer is a rare neoplasm representing less than 1% of all malignancies in the USA and Europe but is a significant public health hazard in the developing world. Male neonatal circumcision has been associated with a dramatic decrease in penile cancer rates with countries such as Israel, where circumcision is widely performed, having the lowest incidence in the world at <0.1% of malignancies. Many risk factors have been identified for penile cancer including phimosis, lack of circumcision, obesity, lichen sclerosis, chronic inflammation, smoking, UVA phototherapy, socioeconomic status, human papillomavirus (HPV) infection and immune compromised states. The relationship between these factors and invasive disease varies and continues to be investigated. Our objective was to present a contemporary overview of the epidemiology and risk factors for invasive penile cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antoin Douglawi
- Department of Urology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Timothy A Masterson
- Department of Urology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
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Abstract
Penile carcinoma is a rare malignancy with a potential for local invasion and regional/distant extension. Penile cancer can be cured in over 80% of cases if diagnosed early. However, local treatment, although potentially lifesaving, can be mutilating and devastating for the patient's psychological well-being. In patients with long-term survival after penile cancer, sexual dysfunction, voiding problems and cosmetic penile appearance may adversely affect the patient's quality of life. Although there is little data in the literature about psychosocial impact of penile carcinoma, organ-preserving treatment seems to allow for better quality of life and sexual function and should be offered to all patients whenever feasible.
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Affiliation(s)
- François Audenet
- Department of Urology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - John P Sfakianos
- Department of Urology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
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Ornellas P, Ribeiro-Carvalho MDM, Ornellas AA, Scherrer L, Koifman L, Magni F, Ornellas MH, Alves G. Experimental validation of the complement protein C3a down expression in the plasma of patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the penis. Urol Oncol 2017; 35:545.e13-545.e18. [PMID: 28552465 DOI: 10.1016/j.urolonc.2017.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2017] [Revised: 02/15/2017] [Accepted: 05/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We have previously shown the importance of the complement system in differentiating between patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the penis (SCCP) and controls. These patients had low expression of C3a and C4 fragments. Therefore, in this study, we investigated the complement protein C3a as a potential circulating biomarker in these patients by a commercially available enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) test. PATIENTS AND METHODS Plasma samples from 39 patients with SCCP, 15 patients with prostate cancer, and 50 healthy male subjects were evaluated using the ELISA-Bioscience OptEIA Kit human anti-C3a (BD). The nonparametric Mann-Whitney test was used for comparison of means among the groups. RESULTS The complement protein C3a was found down expressed in patients with SCCP (P<0.05) in comparison to either subjects with good health or subjects with prostate cancer. CONCLUSION Experimental validation of the down expression of C3a was well succeeded using a commercial ELISA kit. Complement system fragment C3a is down expressed in patients with SCCP. Besides, C3a is also low expressed in the plasma of patients with initial prostate cancer when compared to healthy subjects. These results suggest that the innate immune response might be suppressed in patients with these malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulo Ornellas
- Department of Urology, Mário Kröeff Hospital, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Department of Urology, Souza Aguiar Hospital, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Médicas, Circulating Biomarkers Laboratory, Department of Pathology, Rio de Janeiro State University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
| | - Marilza de M Ribeiro-Carvalho
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Médicas, Circulating Biomarkers Laboratory, Department of Pathology, Rio de Janeiro State University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Antonio Augusto Ornellas
- Department of Urology, Mário Kröeff Hospital, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Department of Urology, Souza Aguiar Hospital, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Department of Urology, Brazilian National Cancer Institute, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Luciano Scherrer
- Department of Engineering and Production, Faculdades Kennedy, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Leandro Koifman
- Department of Urology, Souza Aguiar Hospital, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Fulvio Magni
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Maria Helena Ornellas
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Médicas, Circulating Biomarkers Laboratory, Department of Pathology, Rio de Janeiro State University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Gilda Alves
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Médicas, Circulating Biomarkers Laboratory, Department of Pathology, Rio de Janeiro State University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Research Coordination, Brazilian National Cancer Institute, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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