1
|
Beltrán-Carrillo VJ, Megías Á, González-Cutre D, Jiménez-Loaisa A. Elements behind sedentary lifestyles and unhealthy eating habits in individuals with severe obesity. Int J Qual Stud Health Well-being 2022; 17:2056967. [PMID: 35356850 PMCID: PMC8979519 DOI: 10.1080/17482631.2022.2056967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose This study examines elements behind sedentary lifestyles and unhealthy eating habits in individuals who lived with severe obesity during many years of their lives. Methods Ten post-bariatric surgery patients participated in semi-structured interviews 7 months after surgery. A year later, a second round of interviews was also conducted to address some knowledge gaps related to the study purpose. The qualitative data collected were analysed through content analysis. Results Embarrassment about showing their body publicly, pain and poor physical condition, and bad experiences in non-inclusive physical activity contexts were found as potential elements that contributed to their adherence to sedentary lifestyles. Poor family food education, loss of a loved one, family problems, arguments or disputes, and past traumatic events (e.g., childhood sexual abuses) could be related to their development of unhealthy eating behaviours. Findings also pointed out that participants’ failed attempts to lose weight provoked them anxiety, feelings of failure and rebellion, and influenced their return to an unhealthy diet and a sedentary lifestyle. Conclusions This study may be helpful to reveal some elements which could be related to the origin and perpetuation of severe obesity, and to design prevention/treatment strategies from a more holistic, sensitive, and respectful perspective.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vicente J. Beltrán-Carrillo
- Department of Sport Sciences, Sports Research Centre, Miguel Hernández University of Elche, Elche (Alicante), Spain
| | - Ángel Megías
- Department of Sport Sciences, Sports Research Centre, Miguel Hernández University of Elche, Elche (Alicante), Spain
| | - David González-Cutre
- Department of Sport Sciences, Sports Research Centre, Miguel Hernández University of Elche, Elche (Alicante), Spain
| | - Alejandro Jiménez-Loaisa
- Department of Didactics of Physical Education, Artistic and Music, Faculty of Education, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Toledo, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Adams V, Gladden A, Craddock J. Perceptions of Health Among Black Women in Emerging Adulthood: Alignment With a Health at Every Size Perspective. JOURNAL OF NUTRITION EDUCATION AND BEHAVIOR 2022; 54:916-924. [PMID: 36055946 PMCID: PMC9561025 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneb.2022.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2022] [Revised: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore the health perceptions of Black women in emerging adulthood and the degree to which perceptions align with core Health at Every Size (HAES) principles. DESIGN Semistructured interviews with Black women in emerging adulthood. Data were collected between June and July 2018 as part of a larger, mixed-methods study. SETTING Southern California. PARTICIPANTS Forty-one Black women aged 18-24 years were recruited via a combination of convenience and respondent-drive sampling. PHENOMENON OF INTEREST Health perceptions of young Black women and alignment with core HAES principles. ANALYSIS Data were analyzed using principles of inductive thematic analysis. Following analysis, data were further interpreted within the HAES framework. RESULTS Participants' insights resulted in 3 main themes: (1) health is multidimensional, (2) good health means taking care of yourself, and (3) systemic and environmental disparities affect Black women's health. These themes reflect 3 HAES principles of health enhancement, weight inclusivity, and eating for well-being. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS Findings provide preliminary support for aligning HAES principles and perceptions and health for Black women in emerging adulthood. Prioritizing holistic well-being, attention to individualized health needs and access to needed information and resources in efforts to improve health outcomes among members of this demographic may be promising.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vashti Adams
- School of Social Work, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD.
| | - Aliya Gladden
- Department of Family Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA
| | - Jaih Craddock
- Department of Family Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Mauldin K, May M, Clifford D. The consequences of a weight-centric approach to healthcare: A case for a paradigm shift in how clinicians address body weight. Nutr Clin Pract 2022; 37:1291-1306. [PMID: 35819360 DOI: 10.1002/ncp.10885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Revised: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Current healthcare is weight-centric, equating weight and health. This approach to healthcare has negative consequences on patient well-being. The aim of this article is to make a case for a paradigm shift in how clinicians view and address body weight. In this review, we (1) address common flawed assumptions in the weight-centric approach to healthcare, (2) review the weight science literature and provide evidence for the negative consequences of promoting dieting and weight loss, and (3) provide practice recommendations for weight-inclusive care.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kasuen Mauldin
- Department of Nutrition, Food Science, and Packaging, San José State University, San José, California, USA.,Department of Clinical Nutrition, Stanford Health Care, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Michelle May
- Am I Hungry? Mindful Eating Programs and Training, USA.,Department of Psychology, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, USA
| | - Dawn Clifford
- Department of Health Sciences, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, Arizona, USA
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Lemmon G, Jensen JM, Kuljanin G. A primer with purpose: Research implications of the objectification of weight in the workplace. JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL AND ORGANIZATIONAL PSYCHOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/joop.12378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Grace Lemmon
- Department of Management & Entrepreneurship DePaul University Chicago Illinois USA
| | - Jaclyn M. Jensen
- Department of Management & Entrepreneurship DePaul University Chicago Illinois USA
| | - Goran Kuljanin
- Department of Management & Entrepreneurship DePaul University Chicago Illinois USA
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Cruwys T, Norwood R, Chachay VS, Ntontis E, Sheffield J. "An Important Part of Who I am": The Predictors of Dietary Adherence among Weight-Loss, Vegetarian, Vegan, Paleo, and Gluten-Free Dietary Groups. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12040970. [PMID: 32244576 PMCID: PMC7231009 DOI: 10.3390/nu12040970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2020] [Revised: 03/19/2020] [Accepted: 03/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Weight-loss diets are notorious for their low adherence, which is a barrier to efforts to reduce population rates of overweight and obesity. However, there is some evidence that adherence is better among people on other kinds of diets, such as vegan and gluten free. This study aimed to explore the predictors of dietary adherence across five restrictive dietary patterns (vegan, vegetarian, paleo, gluten free, and weight loss). This study used both qualitative and quantitative methods among 292 adult community members who were following a restrictive dietary pattern. Personality, mental health, and motivational predictors of adherence were examined. Substantial differences in adherence were found between dietary groups, with vegans and vegetarians being particularly high in adherence and gluten-free and weight-loss dieters being comparably low. Four consistent predictors of adherence across different dietary patterns were supported in both the quantitative and qualitative analyses. Self-efficacy and social identification with one's dietary group positively predicted adherence. Conversely, being motivated in one's dietary choices by mood or by weight control negatively predicted adherence. These findings speak to the importance of social and motivational factors in determining adherence. The results also illustrate the utility of looking beyond weight-loss dieters and virtuous individual traits for insights into how adherence may be improved.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tegan Cruwys
- Research School of Psychology, The Australian National University, Canberra ACT 2601, Australia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +61-2-6125-5023
| | - Rebecca Norwood
- School of Psychology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane QLD 4072, Australia; (R.N.); (J.S.)
| | - Veronique S. Chachay
- School of Human Movement and Nutrition Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane QLD 4072, Australia;
| | - Evangelos Ntontis
- School of Psychology, Politics, and Sociology, Canterbury Christ Church University, Canterbury CT1 1QU, Kent, UK;
| | - Jeanie Sheffield
- School of Psychology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane QLD 4072, Australia; (R.N.); (J.S.)
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Food Reward and Food Choice. An Inquiry Through The Liking and Wanting Model. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12030639. [PMID: 32121145 PMCID: PMC7146242 DOI: 10.3390/nu12030639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Revised: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
What if consumers are getting obese because eating less calories is more difficult for persons that have a higher pleasure and desire towards food (Ikeda et al., 2005) and food companies do not help given only a two extreme option choice to satisfy their needs (i.e., low calories vs. high calories or healthy vs. unhealthy)? Reward systems are being described with a new conceptual approach where liking—the pleasure derived from eating a given food—and wanting—motivational value, desire, or craving—can be seen as the significant forces guiding eating behavior. Our work shows that pleasure (liking), desire (wanting), and the interaction between them influence and are good predictors of food choice and food intake. Reward responses to food are closely linked to food choice, inducing to caloric overconsumption. Based on the responses given to a self-administered questionnaire measuring liking and wanting attitudes, we found three different segments named ‘Reward lovers,’ ‘Half epicurious,’ and ‘Non indulgents’. Their behavior when choosing food is quite different. Results show differential effects on caloric consumption depending on segments. The introduction of more food choices that try to balance their content is a win-win strategy for consumers, companies, and society.
Collapse
|
7
|
Nordmo M, Danielsen YS, Nordmo M. The challenge of keeping it off, a descriptive systematic review of high-quality, follow-up studies of obesity treatments. Obes Rev 2020; 21:e12949. [PMID: 31675146 DOI: 10.1111/obr.12949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2019] [Revised: 09/02/2019] [Accepted: 09/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this systematic review is to answer the question: Is substantial, stable, and long-term weight loss a viable goal for adults with obesity? To answer this question, we conducted a broad systematic search of non-surgical and non-pharmacological obesity treatment studies with the following strict criteria: (a) minimum 3-year follow-up, (b) 5% body mass lost, (c) no continued interventions in the follow-up-period, (d) prospective design, and (e) less than 30% attrition from the start of the follow-up period. While the search revealed a very large number of published articles, only eight studies met the inclusion criteria. Several of the nonincluded studies report a majority of participants achieving satisfactory weight loss and little regain, especially among studies with continued interventions during the follow-up period. In contrast, the eight high-quality studies included in this study demonstrate a trend of weight regain towards pretreatment baseline. This review concludes that the majority of high-quality follow-up treatment studies of individuals with obesity are not successful in maintaining weight loss over time. The results suggest that excess weight can be lost but is likely regained over time, for the majority of participants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Morten Nordmo
- Department of Psychosocial Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | | | - Magnus Nordmo
- Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Dugmore JA, Winten CG, Niven HE, Bauer J. Effects of weight-neutral approaches compared with traditional weight-loss approaches on behavioral, physical, and psychological health outcomes: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Nutr Rev 2019; 78:39-55. [DOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nuz020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Context
Weight-neutral approaches for health are emerging therapeutic alternatives to traditional weight-loss approaches. The existing literature base comparing these approaches has not yet been systematically evaluated by a meta-analysis.
Objective
This review aims to determine if weight-neutral approaches are valid alternatives to weight-loss approaches for improving physical, psychological, and behavioral health outcomes.
Data Sources
Embase, Scopus, PsycINFO, PubMed, CINAHL, and the University of Queensland Library databases were searched.
Study Selection
Peer-reviewed, experimental, or quasi-experimental studies that included weight-neutral and weight-loss arms and reported physical, psychological, or behavioral outcomes were eligible. A total of 525 studies were identified through initial database searches, with 10 included in the final analysis after exclusion criteria were applied.
Data Extraction
Screening and eligibility assessment of studies followed the PRISMA protocol. The following outcomes were extracted: weight, body mass index, lipid and glucose variables, blood pressure, eating behavior, self-esteem, depression, quality of life, physical activity, and diet quality.
Data Analysis
Studies were graded per the National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC) level-of-evidence tool and the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics quality-evaluation tool. Effect sizes were examined as a meta-analysis of standardized and mean differences using a random-effects inverse-variance model with 95%CIs. Practice recommendations for each outcome were graded per NHMRC body-of-evidence guidelines.
Conclusions
Weight-neutral approaches resulted in greater improvement in bulimia (P = 0.02), but no significant differences were observed for any other outcome. Weight-neutral approaches may be as effective as weight-loss methods for improving physical, psychological, and behavioral outcomes. Limitations include inconsistent definitions of both approaches and variable time frames of follow-up.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jaslyn A Dugmore
- J.A. Dugmore, C.G. Winten, H.E. Niven, and J. Bauer are with the School of Human Movement and Nutrition Science, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Copeland G Winten
- J.A. Dugmore, C.G. Winten, H.E. Niven, and J. Bauer are with the School of Human Movement and Nutrition Science, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Hannah E Niven
- J.A. Dugmore, C.G. Winten, H.E. Niven, and J. Bauer are with the School of Human Movement and Nutrition Science, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Judy Bauer
- J.A. Dugmore, C.G. Winten, H.E. Niven, and J. Bauer are with the School of Human Movement and Nutrition Science, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Dassen FCM, Houben K, Allom V, Jansen A. Self-regulation and obesity: the role of executive function and delay discounting in the prediction of weight loss. J Behav Med 2018; 41:806-818. [PMID: 29802535 PMCID: PMC6209053 DOI: 10.1007/s10865-018-9940-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2018] [Accepted: 05/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Obesity rates are rising worldwide. Executive function and delay discounting have been hypothesized to play important roles in the self-regulation of behavior, and may explain variance in weight loss treatment success. First, we compared individuals with obesity (n = 82) to healthy weight controls (n = 71) on behavioral and self-report measures of executive function (working memory, inhibition and shifting) and delay discounting. Secondly, the individuals with obesity took part in a multidisciplinary weight loss program and we examined whether executive function and delay discounting predicted weight change. Individuals with obesity displayed weaker general and food-specific inhibition, and weaker self-reported executive function. Better behavioral working memory and better self-reported inhibition skills in daily life were predictive of greater weight loss. As findings are correlational, future studies should investigate the causal relationship between executive function and weight loss, and test whether intervening on executive function will lead to better prevention and treatment of obesity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fania C M Dassen
- Department of Clinical Psychological Science, Maastricht University, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
| | - Katrijn Houben
- Department of Clinical Psychological Science, Maastricht University, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Vanessa Allom
- School of Psychology and Speech Pathology, Curtin University, GPO Box U1987, Perth, WA, 6845, Australia
| | - Anita Jansen
- Department of Clinical Psychological Science, Maastricht University, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Brevers D, Rogiers A, Defontaine A, Cheron G, Clarinval AM, Foucart J, Bouchez A, Bolly V, Tsartsafloudakis L, Jottrand P, Minner P, Bechara A, Kornreich C, Verbanck P. Implementation Intention for Initiating Intuitive Eating and Active Embodiment in Obese Patients Using a Smartphone Application. Front Psychiatry 2017; 8:243. [PMID: 29209236 PMCID: PMC5702316 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2017.00243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2017] [Accepted: 11/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
This article describes a study protocol, which aims to explore and describe the feasibility of a mobile-phone application for initiating intuitive eating and intuitive exercising in patients who are following an ambulatory treatment for obesity. Intuitive eating refers to one's ability to make food choices based on one's awareness of his/her body's response. Intuitive exercising encourages people in finding enjoyable ways of being physically active. These two components will be trained using an implementation intention procedure, that is, behavioral plans that aim at creating a strong link between a specified situation and a response. We aim to recruit up to 80 overweight and obese patients over a period of 2 years. The smartphone application will be assessed on the basis of (i) data obtained through a 4-week use period, (ii) self-report measures taken before and after the use of the mobile application, and (iii) feedbacks from participants after the use of the mobile application. This pilot study will allow us to better understand the applicability of the use of mobile application within ambulatory treatment settings, and to adapt the design of the app necessary for building cross-sectional studies investigating its efficacy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Damien Brevers
- Laboratory of Psychological Medicine and Addictology, Faculty of Medicine, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium.,Research in Psychology Applied to Motor Learning, Faculty of Motor Sciences, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Anne Rogiers
- Laboratory of Psychological Medicine and Addictology, Faculty of Medicine, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Alexis Defontaine
- Research in Psychology Applied to Motor Learning, Faculty of Motor Sciences, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Guy Cheron
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology and Movement Biomechanics, Faculty of Motor Sciences, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Anne-Marie Clarinval
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology and Movement Biomechanics, Faculty of Motor Sciences, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Jennifer Foucart
- Research in Psychology Applied to Motor Learning, Faculty of Motor Sciences, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Anne Bouchez
- Laboratory of Psychological Medicine and Addictology, Faculty of Medicine, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Véronique Bolly
- Laboratory of Psychological Medicine and Addictology, Faculty of Medicine, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Laura Tsartsafloudakis
- Laboratory of Psychological Medicine and Addictology, Faculty of Medicine, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Pénélope Jottrand
- Laboratory of Psychological Medicine and Addictology, Faculty of Medicine, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Pierre Minner
- Laboratory of Psychological Medicine and Addictology, Faculty of Medicine, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Antoine Bechara
- Department of Psychology, Brain and Creativity Institute, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Charles Kornreich
- Laboratory of Psychological Medicine and Addictology, Faculty of Medicine, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Paul Verbanck
- Laboratory of Psychological Medicine and Addictology, Faculty of Medicine, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium.,Research in Psychology Applied to Motor Learning, Faculty of Motor Sciences, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Borkoles E, Carroll S, Clough P, Polman RC. Effect of a non-dieting lifestyle randomised control trial on psychological well-being and weight management in morbidly obese pre-menopausal women. Maturitas 2016; 83:51-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.maturitas.2015.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2015] [Revised: 09/15/2015] [Accepted: 09/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
|
12
|
Abstract
Obesity is associated with chronic diseases that may negatively affect individuals' health and the sustainability of the health care system. Despite increasing emphasis on obesity as a major health care issue, little progress has been made in its treatment or prevention. Individual approaches to obesity treatment, largely composed of weight-loss dieting, have not proven effective. Little direct evidence supports the notion of reforms to the "obesogenic environment." Both these individualistic and environmental approaches to obesity have important limitations and ethical implications. The low levels of success associated with these approaches may necessitate a new non-weight-centric public health strategy. Evidence is accumulating that a weight-neutral, nutrition- and physical activity-based, Health at Every Size (HAES) approach may be a promising chronic disease-prevention strategy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Bombak
- Andrea Bombak is with the University of Manitoba, Winnipeg
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Karhunen L, Lyly M, Lapveteläinen A, Kolehmainen M, Laaksonen DE, Lähteenmäki L, Poutanen K. Psychobehavioural factors are more strongly associated with successful weight management than predetermined satiety effect or other characteristics of diet. J Obes 2012; 2012:274068. [PMID: 22792447 PMCID: PMC3389694 DOI: 10.1155/2012/274068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2011] [Revised: 03/05/2012] [Accepted: 04/16/2012] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate factors associated with weight management, especially whether satiety value of food as a part of a weight-maintenance diet would affect self-regulation of food intake and weight management. Altogether 82 obese subjects completed the study consisting of weight-loss and weight-maintenance (WM) periods. During the WM, subjects were randomized into higher- and lower-satiety food groups. No differences were observed in the changes in body weight, energy intake, or eating behaviour between the groups, even despite the different macronutrient compositions of the diets. However, when regarding all study subjects, success in WM was most strongly associated with a greater increase in the flexible control of eating and experience of greater easiness of WM and control of food intake and a greater decrease in uncontrollable eating and psychological distress. Psychobehavioural factors seem to be more strongly associated with successful weight management than the predetermined satiety effect or other characteristics of the diet.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Leila Karhunen
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Food and Health Research Centre, Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio Campus, P.O. Box 1627, 70211 Kuopio, Finland
- *Leila Karhunen:
| | - Marika Lyly
- VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, P.O. Box 1000, 02044 Espoo, Finland
- Vaasan Oy, P.O. Box 250, 02631 Espoo, Finland
| | - Anja Lapveteläinen
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Food and Health Research Centre, Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio Campus, P.O. Box 1627, 70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Marjukka Kolehmainen
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Food and Health Research Centre, Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio Campus, P.O. Box 1627, 70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - David E. Laaksonen
- Department of Medicine, Kuopio University Hospital, P.O. Box 1777, 70211 Kuopio, Finland
- Institute of Biomedicine, Physiology, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio Campus, P.O. Box 1627, 70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Liisa Lähteenmäki
- VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, P.O. Box 1000, 02044 Espoo, Finland
- MAPP, Department of Business Administration, Business and Social Sciences, Århus University, Haslegaardsvej 10, 8210 Århus V, Denmark
| | - Kaisa Poutanen
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Food and Health Research Centre, Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio Campus, P.O. Box 1627, 70211 Kuopio, Finland
- VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, P.O. Box 1000, 02044 Espoo, Finland
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Cooper Z, Doll HA, Hawker DM, Byrne S, Bonner G, Eeley E, O'Connor ME, Fairburn CG. Testing a new cognitive behavioural treatment for obesity: A randomized controlled trial with three-year follow-up. Behav Res Ther 2010; 48:706-13. [PMID: 20691328 PMCID: PMC2923743 DOI: 10.1016/j.brat.2010.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2009] [Revised: 03/03/2010] [Accepted: 03/09/2010] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
It is remarkably difficult for people with obesity to maintain a new lower weight following weight loss. The aim of the present study was to examine the immediate and longer-term effects of a new cognitive behavioural treatment that was explicitly designed to minimise this post-treatment weight regain. One hundred and fifty female participants with obesity were randomized to the new treatment, behaviour therapy (the leading alternative psychological treatment) or guided self-help (a minimal intervention). Both of the main treatments resulted in an average weight loss of about ten percent of initial weight whereas weight loss was more modest with guided self-help. The participants were subsequently followed-up for three years post-treatment. The great majority regained almost all the weight that they had lost with the new treatment being no better than the behavioural treatment in preventing weight regain. These findings lend further support to the notion that obesity is resistant to psychological methods of treatment, if anything other than a short-term perspective is taken. It is suggested that it is ethically questionable to claim that psychological treatments for obesity “work” in the absence of data on their longer-term effects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zafra Cooper
- Oxford University, Department of Psychiatry, Warneford Hospital, Oxford OX3 7JX, United Kingdom.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
The politics of evidence on ‘domestic terrorists’: Obesity discourses and their effects. SOCIAL THEORY & HEALTH 2010. [DOI: 10.1057/sth.2009.10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
16
|
Aphramor L. Validity of claims made in weight management research: a narrative review of dietetic articles. Nutr J 2010; 9:30. [PMID: 20646282 PMCID: PMC2916886 DOI: 10.1186/1475-2891-9-30] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2010] [Accepted: 07/20/2010] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The best available evidence demonstrates that conventional weight management has a high long-term failure rate. The ethical implications of continued reliance on an energy deficit approach to weight management are under-explored. METHODS A narrative literature review of journal articles in The Journal of Human Nutrition and Dietetics from 2004 to 2008. RESULTS Although the energy deficit approach to weight management has a high long-term failure rate it continues to dominate research in the field. In the current research agenda, controversies and complexities in the evidence base are inadequately discussed, and claims about the likely success of weight management misrepresent available evidence. CONCLUSIONS Dietetic literature on weight management fails to meet the standards of evidence based medicine. Research in the field is characterised by speculative claims that fail to accurately represent the available data. There is a corresponding lack of debate on the ethical implications of continuing to promote ineffective treatment regimes and little research into alternative non-weight centred approaches. An alternative health at every size approach is recommended.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lucy Aphramor
- Applied Research Centre in Health & Lifestyle Interventions, Faculty of Health & Life Sciences, Coventry University, Coventry, CV1 5FB, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Brown LB. Teaching the "health at every size" paradigm benefits future fitness and health professionals. JOURNAL OF NUTRITION EDUCATION AND BEHAVIOR 2009; 41:144-145. [PMID: 19304261 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneb.2008.04.358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2007] [Revised: 04/28/2008] [Accepted: 04/29/2008] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Lora Beth Brown
- Department of Nutrition, Dietetics, and Food Science, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602-4608, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Jackson EG. Eating order: a 13-week trust model class for dieting casualties. JOURNAL OF NUTRITION EDUCATION AND BEHAVIOR 2008; 40:43-48. [PMID: 18174104 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneb.2007.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2006] [Revised: 01/15/2007] [Accepted: 01/22/2007] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Chronic dieting distorts eating behaviors and causes weight escalation. Desperation about losing weight results in pursuit of extreme weight loss measures. Instead of offering yet another diet, nutrition educators can teach chronic dieters (dieting casualties) to develop eating competence. Eating Order, a 13-week class for chronic dieters based on Satter's How to Eat protocol, within a Health at Every Size framework, was successful for 36 women in improving eating attitudes and behaviors, body image, and self-esteem, regardless of initial degree of eating disturbance or weight. This practice model has the potential for ameliorating societal weight escalation and multigenerational struggles with eating and weight.
Collapse
|
19
|
|
20
|
Finlayson G, King N, Blundell JE. Liking vs. wanting food: importance for human appetite control and weight regulation. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2007; 31:987-1002. [PMID: 17559933 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2007.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 220] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2006] [Revised: 03/19/2007] [Accepted: 03/20/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Current train of thought in appetite research is favouring an interest in non-homeostatic or hedonic (reward) mechanisms in relation to overconsumption and energy balance. This tendency is supported by advances in neurobiology that precede the emergence of a new conceptual approach to reward where affect and motivation (liking and wanting) can be seen as the major force in guiding human eating behaviour. In this review, current progress in applying processes of liking and wanting to the study of human appetite are examined by discussing the following issues: How can these concepts be operationalised for use in human research to reflect the neural mechanisms by which they may be influenced? Do liking and wanting operate independently to produce functionally significant changes in behaviour? Can liking and wanting be truly experimentally separated or will an expression of one inevitably contain elements of the other? The review contains a re-examination of selected human appetite research before exploring more recent methodological approaches to the study of liking and wanting in appetite control. In addition, some theoretical developments are described in four diverse models that may enhance current understanding of the role of these processes in guiding ingestive behaviour. Finally, the implications of a dual process modulation of food reward for weight gain and obesity are discussed. The review concludes that processes of liking and wanting are likely to have independent roles in characterising susceptibility to weight gain. Further research into the dissociation of liking and wanting through implicit and explicit levels of processing would help to disclose the relative importance of these components of reward for appetite control and weight regulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Graham Finlayson
- Biopsychology Group, Institute of Psychological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Neumark-Sztainer D, van den Berg P, Hannan PJ, Story M. Self-weighing in adolescents: helpful or harmful? Longitudinal associations with body weight changes and disordered eating. J Adolesc Health 2006; 39:811-8. [PMID: 17116510 DOI: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2006.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2006] [Revised: 06/29/2006] [Accepted: 07/07/2006] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study addresses the question: Is frequent self-weighing related to changes in body weight and disordered eating behaviors over a 5-year period among adolescent females and males? METHODS Project EAT is a 5-year population-based longitudinal study. Participants completed surveys exploring factors associated with eating and weight concerns. Participants included 2516 adolescents who were transitioning from early to middle adolescence (younger cohort) and from middle to late adolescence (older cohort). RESULTS In the older cohort of females and in both cohorts of males, frequent self-weighing at Time 1 was not associated with weight changes at Time 2 (5 years later), after adjusting for Time 1 weight status and sociodemographic characteristics. In the younger cohort of females, Time 1 frequent self-weighing predicted weight increases at Time 2. In both cohorts of females, but not in males, Time 1 frequent self-weighing predicted higher prevalences of Time 2 disordered eating behaviors, including unhealthy weight control behaviors and binge eating, after adjusting for Time 1 behavioral outcomes, weight status, and sociodemographic characteristics. CONCLUSIONS Frequent self-weighing was not associated with weight change, with the exception of predicting weight increases in younger females. In females, but not males, self-weighing predicted a higher frequency of binge eating and unhealthy weight control behaviors. Although further research is needed to explore the potential merits and problems associated with regular self-weighing, the findings suggest that population-based obesity prevention strategies targeting adolescents should avoid messages likely to lead to frequent self-weighing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dianne Neumark-Sztainer
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55454, USA.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Abstract
Given the high obesity rate and its economic burden, it is critical to better understand weight loss and maintenance. The National Weight Control Registry (NWCR) provides useful information about the strategies used by successful weight maintainers long term; recent data suggest that a diet with less food group variety will provide a lower calorie intake and that medical triggers have been associated with better initial weight loss and maintenance. The NWCR data suggest that long-term weight loss maintenance can be achieved and that health care practitioners may need to adjust weight control programs accordingly.
Collapse
|
23
|
|
24
|
Ikeda JP, Gaesser GA, Berg FM, Clark CA. A question of reference data. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN DIETETIC ASSOCIATION 2005; 105:1518; author reply 1518-9. [PMID: 16183348 DOI: 10.1016/j.jada.2005.08.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2005] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
|
25
|
Shepherd SK. Philosophy, research, practice, resources. JOURNAL OF NUTRITION EDUCATION AND BEHAVIOR 2005; 37:169. [PMID: 16029685 DOI: 10.1016/s1499-4046(06)60242-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
|
26
|
Hill JO, Wyatt H, Phelan S, Wing R. The National Weight Control Registry: is it useful in helping deal with our obesity epidemic? JOURNAL OF NUTRITION EDUCATION AND BEHAVIOR 2005; 37:206-10. [PMID: 16029692 DOI: 10.1016/s1499-4046(06)60248-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The National Weight Control Registry (NWCR) consists of over 4800 individuals who have been successful in long-term weight loss maintenance. The purpose of establishing the NWCR was to identify the common characteristics of those who succeed in long-term weight loss maintenance. We found very little similarity in how these individuals lost weight but some common behaviors in how they are keeping their weight off. To maintain their weight loss NWCR participants report eating a relatively low-fat diet, eating breakfast almost every day, weighing themselves regularly, and engaging in high levels (about 1 hour/day) of physical activity. Because this is not a random sample of those who attempt weight loss, the results have limited generalizability to the entire population of overweight and obese individuals. The value of this project lies in identifying potential strategies that may help others be more successful in keeping weight off.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- James O Hill
- Center for Human Nutrition, University of Colorado Health Sciences Center, Denver 80262, USA.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|