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Tang Z, Chulanova E, Küllmer M, Winter A, Picker J, Neumann C, Schreyer K, Herrmann-Westendorf F, Arnlind A, Dietzek B, Schubert US, Turchanin A. Photoactive ultrathin molecular nanosheets with reversible lanthanide binding terpyridine centers. NANOSCALE 2021; 13:20583-20591. [PMID: 34874038 DOI: 10.1039/d1nr05430a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, functional molecular nanosheets have attracted much attention in the fields of sensors and energy storage. Here, we present an approach for the synthesis of photoactive metal-organic nanosheets with ultimate molecular thickness. To this end, we apply low-energy electron irradiation induced cross-linking of 4'-(2,2':6',2''-terpyridine-4'-yl)-1,1'-biphenyl-4-thiol self-assembled monolayers on gold to convert them into functional ∼1 nm thick carbon nanomembranes possessing the ability to reversibly complex lanthanide ions (Ln-CNMs). The obtained Ln-CNMs can be prepared on a large-scale (>10 cm2) and inherit the photoactivity of the pristine terpyridine lanthanide complex (Ln(III)-tpy). Moreover, they possess mechanical stability as free-standing sheets over micrometer sized openings. The presented methodology paves a simple and robust way for the preparation of ultrathin nanosheets with tailored photoactive properties for application in photocatalytic and energy conversion devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zian Tang
- Institute of Physical Chemistry (IPC), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Lessingstr. 10, 07743 Jena, Germany.
| | - Elena Chulanova
- Institute of Physical Chemistry (IPC), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Lessingstr. 10, 07743 Jena, Germany.
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Maria Küllmer
- Institute of Physical Chemistry (IPC), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Lessingstr. 10, 07743 Jena, Germany.
| | - Andreas Winter
- Laboratory of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Humboldtstr. 10, 07743 Jena, Germany
- Center for Energy and Environmental Chemistry Jena (CEEC Jena), Philosophenweg 7a, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Julian Picker
- Institute of Physical Chemistry (IPC), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Lessingstr. 10, 07743 Jena, Germany.
| | - Christof Neumann
- Institute of Physical Chemistry (IPC), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Lessingstr. 10, 07743 Jena, Germany.
| | - Kristin Schreyer
- Laboratory of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Humboldtstr. 10, 07743 Jena, Germany
- Center for Energy and Environmental Chemistry Jena (CEEC Jena), Philosophenweg 7a, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Felix Herrmann-Westendorf
- Institute of Physical Chemistry (IPC), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Lessingstr. 10, 07743 Jena, Germany.
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology, Research Department Functional Interfaces, Albert-Einstein-Straße 9, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Andreas Arnlind
- Institute of Physical Chemistry (IPC), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Lessingstr. 10, 07743 Jena, Germany.
| | - Benjamin Dietzek
- Institute of Physical Chemistry (IPC), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Lessingstr. 10, 07743 Jena, Germany.
- Center for Energy and Environmental Chemistry Jena (CEEC Jena), Philosophenweg 7a, 07743 Jena, Germany
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology, Research Department Functional Interfaces, Albert-Einstein-Straße 9, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Ulrich S Schubert
- Laboratory of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Humboldtstr. 10, 07743 Jena, Germany
- Center for Energy and Environmental Chemistry Jena (CEEC Jena), Philosophenweg 7a, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Andrey Turchanin
- Institute of Physical Chemistry (IPC), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Lessingstr. 10, 07743 Jena, Germany.
- Center for Energy and Environmental Chemistry Jena (CEEC Jena), Philosophenweg 7a, 07743 Jena, Germany
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Abstract
Transmembrane proteins involved in metabolic redox reactions and photosynthesis catalyse a plethora of key energy-conversion processes and are thus of great interest for bioelectrocatalysis-based applications. The development of membrane protein modified electrodes has made it possible to efficiently exchange electrons between proteins and electrodes, allowing mechanistic studies and potentially applications in biofuels generation and energy conversion. Here, we summarise the most common electrode modification and their characterisation techniques for membrane proteins involved in biofuels conversion and semi-artificial photosynthesis. We discuss the challenges of applications of membrane protein modified electrodes for bioelectrocatalysis and comment on emerging methods and future directions, including recent advances in membrane protein reconstitution strategies and the development of microbial electrosynthesis and whole-cell semi-artificial photosynthesis.
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Zhang Y, LaFountain AM, Magdaong N, Fuciman M, Allen JP, Frank HA, Rusling JF. Thin Film Voltammetry of Wild Type and Mutant Reaction Center Proteins from Photosynthetic Bacteria. J Phys Chem B 2011; 115:3226-32. [PMID: 21384836 DOI: 10.1021/jp111680p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yun Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, United States
| | - Amy M. LaFountain
- Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, United States
| | - Nikki Magdaong
- Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, United States
| | - Marcel Fuciman
- Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, United States
| | - James P. Allen
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, United States
| | - Harry A. Frank
- Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, United States
| | - James F. Rusling
- Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, United States
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut 06032, United States
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Xu J, Lu Y, Liu B, Xu C, Kong J. Sensitively probing the cofactor redox species and photo-induced electron transfer of wild-type and pheophytin-replaced photosynthetic proteins reconstituted in self-assembled monolayers. J Solid State Electrochem 2007. [DOI: 10.1007/s10008-007-0330-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Reiss BD, Hanson DK, Firestone MA. Evaluation of the Photosynthetic Reaction Center Protein for Potential Use as a Bioelectronic Circuit Element. Biotechnol Prog 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/bp070042s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Alcantara K, Munge B, Pendon Z, Frank HA, Rusling JF. Thin Film Voltammetry of Spinach Photosystem II. Proton-Gated Electron Transfer Involving the Mn4 Cluster. J Am Chem Soc 2006; 128:14930-7. [PMID: 17105304 DOI: 10.1021/ja0645537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Thin film voltammetry was used to obtain direct, reversible, electron-transfer peaks between electrodes and the spinach photosystem II (PS II) reaction center in lipid films for the first time. Three well-defined pairs of reduction-oxidation peaks were found using cyclic and square wave voltammetry at 4 degrees C at pH 7.5, reflecting direct, reversible electron transfer involving cofactors of PS II. These peaks were assigned to the oxygen-evolving complex (OEC) tetramanganese cluster (Em = 0.2 V vs NHE), quinones (Em = -0.29 V), and pheophytin (Em = -0.72 V). PS II that was depleted of the OEC did not give the peak at 0.2 V. Observed Em values, especially for the OEC, may be influenced by protein-lipid interactions and electrode double-layer effects. Voltammetry at pH 6 and at pH 7.5 with a time window of >100 ms revealed that the manganese cluster oxidation is gated by slow deprotonation of a reduced form. Additional rapid protonation/deprotonation steps are also involved in the electrochemical reduction-oxidation pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khrisna Alcantara
- Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269-3060, USA
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Lu Y, Xu J, Liu B, Kong J. Photosynthetic reaction center functionalized nano-composite films: effective strategies for probing and exploiting the photo-induced electron transfer of photosensitive membrane protein. Biosens Bioelectron 2006; 22:1173-85. [PMID: 16815004 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2006.05.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2006] [Revised: 04/20/2006] [Accepted: 05/18/2006] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Photosynthetic reaction center (RC), a robust transmembrane pigment-protein complex, works as the crucial component participating the primary event of the photo-electrochemical conversion in bacteria. Sparked by the high photo-induced charge separation yield (ca. 100%) of RC, great interests have been aroused to fabricate versatile RC-functionalized nano-composite films for exploring the initial photosynthetic electron transfer (ET) of RC, and thus exploiting well-designed bio-photoelectric converters. In this review, we classify and summarize the current status about the concepts and methods of constructing RC-immobilized nano-composite films or devices for probing the photo-induced ET, and applying to novel bioelectronics if it is possible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yidong Lu
- Chemistry Department, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, PR China
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Longobardi F, Cosma P, Milano F, Agostiano A, Mauzeroll J, Bard AJ. Scanning Electrochemical Microscopy of the Photosynthetic Reaction Center of Rhodobacter sphaeroides in Different Environmental Systems. Anal Chem 2006; 78:5046-51. [PMID: 16841928 DOI: 10.1021/ac060228q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The present work uses a scanning electrochemical microscopy technique to study systems containing the membrane-bound reaction center protein (RC) from the purple photosynthetic bacteria Rhodobacter spheroides to chromatophores (spherical reorganization of cell membrane following its mechanical rupture) and liposomes (reconstituted membrane systems at lower degree of complexity). Scanning electrochemical microscopy is a useful tool to investigate redox processes involving a RC, because the effective heterogeneous rate constants for the redox reaction with different mediators can be measured. The technique is also able to provide information on the role of the outer cell membrane permeation on the kinetics of the electron-transfer processes and to obtain more insight into the nature of the species involved.
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Abe K, Ishii A, Hirano M, Rusling J. Photoactivity Characteristics of a Biodevice Using Primary Photosynthetic Reaction Centers. ELECTROANAL 2005. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.200503370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Voltammetric measurement of Michaelis–Menten kinetics for a protein in a lipid film reacting with a protein in solution. Electrochem commun 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.elecom.2004.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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Gong J, Lin X. A glassy carbon supported bilayer lipid-like membrane of 5,5-ditetradecyl-2-(2-trimethyl-ammonioethyl)-1,3-dioxane bromide for electrochemical sensing of epinephrine. Electrochim Acta 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2004.04.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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12
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Trammell SA, Wang L, Zullo JM, Shashidhar R, Lebedev N. Orientated binding of photosynthetic reaction centers on gold using NiNTA self-assembled monolayers. Biosens Bioelectron 2004; 19:1649-55. [PMID: 15142599 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2003.12.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2003] [Revised: 12/18/2003] [Accepted: 12/18/2003] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Coupling of photosynthetic reaction centers (RCs) with inorganic surfaces is attractive for the identification of the mechanisms of interprotein electron transfer (ET) and for possible applications in construction of photo- and chemosensors. Here we show that RCs from Rhodobacter sphaeroides can be immobilized on gold surfaces with the RC primary donor looking towards the substrate by using a genetically engineered poly-histidine tag (His(7)) at the C-terminal end of the M-subunit and a Ni-NTA terminated self-assembled monolayer (SAM). In the presence of an electron acceptor, ubiquinone-10, illumination of this RC electrode generates a cathodic photocurrent. The action spectrum of the photocurrent coincides with the absorption spectrum of RC and the photocurrent decreases in response to the herbicide, atrazine, confirming that the RC is the primary source of the photoresponse. Disruption of the Ni-NTA-RC bond by imidazole leads to about 80% reduction of the photocurrent indicating that most of the photoactive protein is specifically bound to the electrode through the linker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott A Trammell
- Center for Bio/Molecular Science and Engineering, Code 6900, US Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC 20375, USA
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Mirčeski V. Charge Transfer Kinetics in Thin-Film Voltammetry. Theoretical Study under Conditions of Square-Wave Voltammetry. J Phys Chem B 2004. [DOI: 10.1021/jp0487152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Valentin Mirčeski
- Institute of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, “Sts. Cyril and Methodius” University, P.O. Box 162, 1000 Skopje, Republic of Macedonia
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Cosma P, Longobardi F, Agostiano A. Electrochemical characterization of species involved in photosynthesis: from proteins to model systems. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2003.11.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Munge B, Das SK, Ilagan R, Pendon Z, Yang J, Frank HA, Rusling JF. Electron transfer reactions of redox cofactors in spinach photosystem I reaction center protein in lipid films on electrodes. J Am Chem Soc 2003; 125:12457-63. [PMID: 14531689 DOI: 10.1021/ja036671p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Thin film voltammetry was used to obtain direct, reversible, electron transfer between electrodes and spinach Photosystem I reaction center (PS I) in lipid films for the first time. This reaction center (RC) protein retains its native conformation in the films, and AFM showed that film structure rearranges during the first several minutes of rehydration of the film. Two well-defined chemically reversible reduction-oxidation peaks were observed for native PS I in the dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine films, and were assigned to phylloquinone, A(1) (E(m) = -0.54 V) and iron-sulfur clusters, F(A)/F(B) (E(m) = -0.19 V) by comparisons with PS I samples selectively depleted of these cofactors. Observed E(m) values may be influenced by protein-lipid interactions and electrode double-layer effects. Voltammetry was consistent with simple kinetically limited electron transfers, and analysis of reduction-oxidation peak separations gave electrochemical rate constants of 7.2 s(-)(1) for A(1) and 65 s(-)(1) for F(A)/F(B). A catalytic process was observed in which electrons were injected from PS I in films to ferredoxin in solution, mimicking in vivo electron shuttle from the terminal F(A)/F(B) cofactors to soluble ferredoxin during photosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernard Munge
- Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269-3060, USA
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Hess CR, Juda GA, Dooley DM, Amii RN, Hill MG, Winkler JR, Gray HB. Gold electrodes wired for coupling with the deeply buried active site of Arthrobacter globiformis amine oxidase. J Am Chem Soc 2003; 125:7156-7. [PMID: 12797771 DOI: 10.1021/ja029538q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Diethylaniline-terminated oligo(phenyl-ethynyl)-thiol (DEA-OPE-SH) wires on Au-bead electrodes facilitate electron tunneling to and from the deeply buried topaquinone (TPQ) cofactor in Arthrobacter globiformis amine oxidase (AGAO). Reversible cyclic voltammograms were observed when AGAO was adsorbed onto this DEA-OPE-SAu surface: the 2e-/2H+ reduction potential is -140 mV versus SCE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corinna R Hess
- Beckman Institute, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
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Cai C, Liu B, Mirkin MV, Frank HA, Rusling JF. Scanning electrochemical microscopy of living cells. 3. Rhodobacter sphaeroides. Anal Chem 2002; 74:114-9. [PMID: 11795778 DOI: 10.1021/ac010945e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The scanning electrochemical microscope (SECM) was used to probe the redox activity of individual purple bacteria (Rhodobacter sphaeroides). The approaches developed in our previous studies of mammalian cells were expanded to measure the rates and investigate the pathway of transmembrane charge transfer in bacteria. The two groups of redox mediators (i.e., hydrophilic and hydrophobic redox species) were used to shuttle the electrons between the SECM tip electrode in solution and the redox centers inside the cell. The analysis of the dependencies of the measured rate constant on formal potential and concentration of mediator species in solution yielded information about the permeability of the outer cell membrane to different ionic species and intracellular redox properties. The maps of redox reactivity of the cell surface were obtained with a micrometer or submicrometer spatial resolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenxin Cai
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Queens College-CUNY, Flushing, New York 11367, USA
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