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Gujral J, Kidd BA, Becker C, Golden E, Lee HC, Kim-Schulze S, Yau M, Dudley J, Rapaport R. Acute Effects of Growth Hormone on the Cellular Immunologic Landscape in Pediatric Patients. Cureus 2024; 16:e57383. [PMID: 38566781 PMCID: PMC10984134 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.57383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/31/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Growth hormone (GH) and the immune system have multiple bidirectional interactions. Data about the acute effects of GH on the immune system are lacking. The objective of our study was to evaluate the acute effects of GH on the immune system using time-of-flight mass cytometry. METHODS This was a prospective study of pediatric patients who were being evaluated for short stature and underwent a GH stimulation test at a tertiary care center. Blood samples for immunologic markers, i.e., complete blood count (CBC) and time of flight mass cytometry (CyTOF), were collected at baseline (T0) and over the course of three hours (T3) of the test. Differences in immune profiling in patients by timepoint (T0, T3) and GH response (growth hormone sufficient (GHS) versus growth hormone deficient (GHD)) were calculated using a two-way ANOVA test. Results: A total of 54 patients (39 boys and 15 girls) aged five to 18 years were recruited. Twenty-two participants tested GHD (peak GH <10 ng/ml). The CyTOF analysis showed a significant increase from T0 to T3 in granulocyte percentage, monocyte count, and dendritic cell (DC) count; in contrast, a significant decrease was seen in T lymphocytes (helper and cytotoxic) and IgD+ B lymphocytes. The CBC analysis supported these findings: an increase in total white blood cell count, absolute neutrophil count, and neutrophil percentage; a decrease in absolute lymphocyte count, lymphocyte percentage, absolute eosinophil count, and absolute monocyte count. No significant differences were found between CBC/CyTOF measurements and GH status at either time. CONCLUSIONS This study provides the first high-resolution map of acute changes in the immune system with GH stimulation. This implies a key role for GH in immunomodulatory function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasmine Gujral
- Pediatric Endocrinology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, USA
| | - Brian A Kidd
- Genetics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, USA
| | - Christine Becker
- Genetics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, USA
| | - Eddye Golden
- Genetics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, USA
| | - Hao-Chih Lee
- Genetics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, USA
| | - Seunghee Kim-Schulze
- Immunology and Immunotherapy, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, USA
| | - Mabel Yau
- Pediatric Endocrinology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, USA
| | - Joel Dudley
- Genetics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, USA
| | - Robert Rapaport
- Pediatric Endocrinology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, USA
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Cruz Borbely KS, Marques ALX, Porto FL, Mendonça BS, Smaniotto S, Dos Santos Reis MD. Growth Hormone Stimulates Murine Macrophage Migration during Aging. Curr Aging Sci 2022; 15:266-273. [PMID: 35430985 DOI: 10.2174/1874609815666220415132815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Revised: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Age-related impairments in macrophage functions have important consequences for the health of the elderly population. The aging process is also accompanied by a reduction in several hormones, including growth hormone (GH). Previous studies have shown that this hormone can affect macrophage activity in young individuals; however, the biological effects of GH stimulation on macrophages during aging have not yet been elucidated. OBJECTIVE The aim of this work was to investigate the in vitro effects of GH on peritoneal macrophages from aged mice. METHODS Peritoneal macrophages isolated from young (4 months-old) and old (12-15 months-old) mice were treated in vitro with 100 ng/mL of GH for 24 hours. After treatment, cells were analysed for cell morphology, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, expression of integrins, cell adhesion to extracellular matrix molecules, and migration in transwell chambers. RESULTS Although GH-treated cells from old mice exhibited decreased ROS production, we did not observe the effects of GH on macrophage morphology or macrophage phagocytic activity in young and old mice-derived cell cultures. Macrophages from old mice had increased adhesion to laminin and fibronectin substrates, as did cells obtained from young mice treated with GH, but no change was observed in the expression of integrin receptors. Furthermore, cells from old mice exhibited increased migration compared to young mice and a significant increase in macrophage migration was observed under GH stimulation. CONCLUSION Our results showed that GH can interfere with the motility of macrophages from old mice, advancing our understanding of the interactions between the immune and neuroendocrine systems during aging.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Aldilane Lays Xavier Marques
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, Institute of Health and Biological Sciences, Federal University of Alagoas, Maceió, Alagoas, Brazil
| | - Felipe Lima Porto
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, Institute of Health and Biological Sciences, Federal University of Alagoas, Maceió, Alagoas, Brazil
- Brazilian National Institute of Science and Technology on Neuroimmunomodulation (INCT-NIM), Alagoas, Brazil
| | - Beatriz Santana Mendonça
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, Institute of Health and Biological Sciences, Federal University of Alagoas, Maceió, Alagoas, Brazil
| | - Salete Smaniotto
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, Institute of Health and Biological Sciences, Federal University of Alagoas, Maceió, Alagoas, Brazil
- Brazilian National Institute of Science and Technology on Neuroimmunomodulation (INCT-NIM), Alagoas, Brazil
| | - Maria Danielma Dos Santos Reis
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, Institute of Health and Biological Sciences, Federal University of Alagoas, Maceió, Alagoas, Brazil
- Brazilian National Institute of Science and Technology on Neuroimmunomodulation (INCT-NIM), Alagoas, Brazil
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Dos Santos Reis MD, Dos Santos YMO, de Menezes CA, Borbely KSC, Smaniotto S. Resident murine macrophage migration and phagocytosis are modulated by growth hormone. Cell Biol Int 2018; 42:615-623. [PMID: 29363842 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.10939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2017] [Accepted: 01/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Growth hormone (GH) plays a physiological role in the immune system. In macrophages, GH enhances the production of hydrogen peroxide, superoxide anions, nitric oxide, cytokines, and chemokines, including interferon-γ and macrophage inflammatory protein-1α. However, some of the effects of GH stimulation on the biological functions of macrophages remain to be elucidated. Herein, we showed that in vivo GH treatment resulted in decreased expression of VLA-5 and VLA-6 integrins on the macrophage surface, accompanied by a reduction in macrophage adhesion to extracellular matrix (ECM) ligands, fibronectin, and laminin. Additionally, a decrease in macrophage adhesion to laminin was observed when the cells were treated in vitro with GH. In transwell migration assays, GH-treated macrophages showed increased migration after 6 h. Although in vitro GH treatment did not influence the phagocytic activity of macrophages, when the treatment was performed in vivo, peritoneal macrophages from GH-treated mice showed a higher percentage of phagocytosis and higher phagocytic capacity than cells from control animals. These results led us to analyse the role of insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), a GH stimulated factor, on macrophage phagocytosis. We observed an increase in phagocytic activity when J774 murine macrophages were treated with IGF-1 for 24 h. Our results revealed an important role for GH in resident macrophage migration and phagocytic activity. Specifically, we demonstrate that IGF-1 may be the GH stimulated factor that induces macrophage phagocytosis in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Danielma Dos Santos Reis
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, Institute of Biology and Health Science, Federal University of Alagoas, Maceió, CEP 57072-970, Alagoas, Brazil
| | | | - Clarice Agudo de Menezes
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, Institute of Biology and Health Science, Federal University of Alagoas, Maceió, CEP 57072-970, Alagoas, Brazil
| | - Karen Steponavicius Cruz Borbely
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, Institute of Biology and Health Science, Federal University of Alagoas, Maceió, CEP 57072-970, Alagoas, Brazil
| | - Salete Smaniotto
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, Institute of Biology and Health Science, Federal University of Alagoas, Maceió, CEP 57072-970, Alagoas, Brazil
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Liu QL, Zhang J, Liu X, Gao JY. Role of growth hormone in maturation and activation of dendritic cells via miR-200a and the Keap1/Nrf2 pathway. Cell Prolif 2015; 48:573-81. [PMID: 26289744 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.12206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2015] [Accepted: 06/15/2015] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Dendritic cells (DCs) are antigen-presenting cells that participate in the immune response; recently, it has been reported that growth hormone (GH) promotes their maturation. The aim of this study was to investigate mechanisms by which GH acts on DC maturation and activation. MATERIALS AND METHODS Human peripheral blood monocytes (HPBMs) were induced to become immature DCs and treated with GH to obtain mature DCs. An osteosarcoma mouse model was established by injection of LM8 cells to investigate anti-tumour effect of GH-induced DCs in vivo. RESULTS After administration of GH, DCs reduced miR-200a expression and nuclear Nrf2 accumulation; miR-200a down-regulation inhibited DC maturation. Nrf2 ubiquitination level was increased by Keap1 overexpression in murine bone marrow derived dendritic cells (BMDCs), which was cancelled by miR-200a in GH exposed cells. In vivo, tumour volume was significantly reduced by GH-treated DCs and the effect was reversed by overexpression of miR-200a. CONCLUSIONS GH promoted maturation and activation of DCs, and regulation of miR-200a played a part in this process by modulation of the Keap1/Nrf2 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiu-Liang Liu
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Jiao Zhang
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Xin Liu
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Jing-Yao Gao
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
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Ray BN, Kweon HK, Argetsinger LS, Fingar DC, Andrews PC, Carter-Su C. Research resource: identification of novel growth hormone-regulated phosphorylation sites by quantitative phosphoproteomics. Mol Endocrinol 2012; 26:1056-73. [PMID: 22570334 PMCID: PMC3858665 DOI: 10.1210/me.2011-1258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
GH and GH receptors are expressed throughout life, and GH elicits a diverse range of responses, including growth and altered metabolism. It is therefore important to understand the full spectrum of GH signaling pathways and cellular responses. We applied mass spectrometry-based phosphoproteomics combined with stable isotope labeling with amino acids in cell culture to identify proteins rapidly phosphorylated in response to GH in 3T3-F442A preadipocytes. We identified 132 phosphosites in 95 proteins that exhibited rapid (5 or 15 min) GH-dependent statistically significant increases in phosphorylation by more than or equal to 50% and 96 phosphosites in 46 proteins that were down-regulated by GH by more than or equal to 30%. Several of the GH-stimulated phosphorylation sites were known (e.g. regulatory Thr/Tyr in Erks 1 and 2, Tyr in signal transducers and activators of transcription (Stat) 5a and 5b, Ser939 in tuberous sclerosis protein (TSC) 2 or tuberin). The remaining 126 GH-stimulated sites were not previously associated with GH. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway analysis of GH-stimulated sites indicated enrichment in proteins associated with the insulin and mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathways, regulation of the actin cytoskeleton, and focal adhesions. Akt/protein kinase A consensus sites (RXRXXS/T) were the most commonly phosphorylated consensus sites. Immunoblotting confirmed GH-stimulated phosphorylation of all seven novel GH-dependent sites tested [regulatory sites in proline-rich Akt substrate, 40 kDA (PRAS40), regulatory associated protein of mTOR, ATP-citrate lyase, Na+/H+ exchanger-1, N-myc downstream regulated gene 1, and Shc]). The immunoblot results suggest that many, if not most, of the GH-stimulated phosphosites identified in this large-scale quantitative phosphoproteomics analysis, including sites in multiple proteins in the Akt/ mTOR complex 1 pathway, are phosphorylated in response to GH. Their identification significantly broadens our thinking of GH-regulated cell functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bridgette N Ray
- Departments of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
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Zhao Z, Ni Y, Chen J, Zhong J, Yu H, Xu X, He H, Yan Z, Scholze A, Liu D, Zhu Z, Tepel M. Increased migration of monocytes in essential hypertension is associated with increased transient receptor potential channel canonical type 3 channels. PLoS One 2012; 7:e32628. [PMID: 22438881 PMCID: PMC3306381 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0032628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2011] [Accepted: 02/01/2012] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Increased transient receptor potential canonical type 3 (TRPC3) channels have been observed in patients with essential hypertension. In the present study we tested the hypothesis that increased monocyte migration is associated with increased TRPC3 expression. Monocyte migration assay was performed in a microchemotaxis chamber using chemoattractants formylated peptide Met-Leu-Phe (fMLP) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α). Proteins were identified by immunoblotting and quantitative in-cell Western assay. The effects of TRP channel-inhibitor 2–aminoethoxydiphenylborane (2-APB) and small interfering RNA knockdown of TRPC3 were investigated. We observed an increased fMLP-induced migration of monocytes from hypertensive patients compared with normotensive control subjects (246±14% vs 151±10%). The TNF-α-induced migration of monocytes in patients with essential hypertension was also significantly increased compared to normotensive control subjects (221±20% vs 138±18%). In the presence of 2-APB or after siRNA knockdown of TRPC3 the fMLP-induced monocyte migration was significantly blocked. The fMLP-induced changes of cytosolic calcium were significantly increased in monocytes from hypertensive patients compared to normotensive control subjects. The fMLP-induced monocyte migration was significantly reduced in the presence of inhibitors of tyrosine kinase and phosphoinositide 3-kinase. We conclude that increased monocyte migration in patients with essential hypertension is associated with increased TRPC3 channels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhigang Zhao
- Department of Hypertension and Endocrinology, Center for Hypertension and Metabolic Diseases, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing Institute of Hypertension, Chongqing, China
| | - Yinxing Ni
- Department of Hypertension and Endocrinology, Center for Hypertension and Metabolic Diseases, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing Institute of Hypertension, Chongqing, China
| | - Jing Chen
- Department of Hypertension and Endocrinology, Center for Hypertension and Metabolic Diseases, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing Institute of Hypertension, Chongqing, China
| | - Jian Zhong
- Department of Hypertension and Endocrinology, Center for Hypertension and Metabolic Diseases, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing Institute of Hypertension, Chongqing, China
| | - Hao Yu
- Department of Hypertension and Endocrinology, Center for Hypertension and Metabolic Diseases, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing Institute of Hypertension, Chongqing, China
| | - Xingsen Xu
- Department of Hypertension and Endocrinology, Center for Hypertension and Metabolic Diseases, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing Institute of Hypertension, Chongqing, China
| | - Hongbo He
- Department of Hypertension and Endocrinology, Center for Hypertension and Metabolic Diseases, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing Institute of Hypertension, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhencheng Yan
- Department of Hypertension and Endocrinology, Center for Hypertension and Metabolic Diseases, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing Institute of Hypertension, Chongqing, China
| | - Alexandra Scholze
- Department of Nephrology, Charité, Berlin, Germany; and University of Southern Denmark, Institute for Molecular Medicine, Odense, Denmark
| | - Daoyan Liu
- Department of Hypertension and Endocrinology, Center for Hypertension and Metabolic Diseases, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing Institute of Hypertension, Chongqing, China
- * E-mail: (DL); (Z. Zhu)
| | - Zhiming Zhu
- Department of Hypertension and Endocrinology, Center for Hypertension and Metabolic Diseases, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing Institute of Hypertension, Chongqing, China
- * E-mail: (DL); (Z. Zhu)
| | - Martin Tepel
- Department of Nephrology, Charité, Berlin, Germany; and University of Southern Denmark, Institute for Molecular Medicine, Odense, Denmark
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Rejuvenation of the aging thymus: growth hormone-mediated and ghrelin-mediated signaling pathways. Curr Opin Pharmacol 2010; 10:408-24. [PMID: 20595009 DOI: 10.1016/j.coph.2010.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2010] [Revised: 04/28/2010] [Accepted: 04/29/2010] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
One of the major fundamental causes for the aging of the immune system is the structural and functional involution of the thymus, and the associated decline in de novo naïve T-lymphocyte output. This loss of naïve T-cell production weakens the ability of the adaptive immune system to respond to new antigenic stimuli and eventually leads to a peripheral T-cell bias to the memory phenotype. While the precise mechanisms responsible for age-associated thymic involution remain unknown, a variety of theories have been forwarded including the loss of expression of various growth factors and hormones that influence the lymphoid compartment and promote thymic function. Extensive studies examining two hormones, namely growth hormone (GH) and ghrelin (GRL), have demonstrated their contributions to thymus biology. In the current review, we discuss the literature supporting a role for these hormones in thymic physiology and age-associated thymic involution and their potential use in the restoration of thymic function in aged and immunocompromised individuals.
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Chung L, Nelson AE, Ho KKY, Baxter RC. Proteomic profiling of growth hormone-responsive proteins in human peripheral blood leukocytes. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2009; 94:3038-43. [PMID: 19491220 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2009-0778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT GH is a known modulator of the immune system, but the effect of exogenous GH administration on white blood cell proteins has not been investigated. Surface-enhanced laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (SELDI-TOF MS) is a powerful platform for the study of GH effects on immune system proteins. OBJECTIVE Our objective was to explore a novel approach for the detection of GH-responsive proteins in human leukocytes by proteomic analysis using SELDI-TOF MS. DESIGN We conducted a randomized double-blind, placebo-controlled GH administration study of 8 wk treatment followed by 6 wk washout. Pre- and posttreatment samples from 30 subjects were used for biomarker discovery. SETTING The study was performed at a clinical research facility. PARTICIPANTS We studied 30 recreationally trained healthy athletes. INTERVENTION Subjects received either recombinant human GH (2 mg/d sc; n = 22) or placebo (n = 8) for 8 wk. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Proteomic profiles were determined using CM10 weak cation-exchange protein chips, and some GH-regulated proteins were purified and identified by mass spectrometry and/or immunoblotting. RESULTS SELDI-TOF analysis revealed a number of GH-regulated peptides/proteins in the 3- to 22-kDa range that are either up- or down-regulated by GH. Several of these may be useful as biomarkers of GH action. The calcium-binding, proinflammatory calgranulins S100A8, S100A9, and S100A12 were all significantly down-regulated in response to GH treatment. CONCLUSION This study illustrates the novel use of human leukocyte proteomic profiling by SELDI-TOF MS and reveals the negative regulation of proinflammatory S100 proteins by GH in human white blood cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liping Chung
- Kolling Institute of Medical Research, University of Sydney, Royal North Shore Hospital, St. Leonards 2065, Australia
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Hattori N. Expression, regulation and biological actions of growth hormone (GH) and ghrelin in the immune system. Growth Horm IGF Res 2009; 19:187-197. [PMID: 19144554 DOI: 10.1016/j.ghir.2008.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2008] [Revised: 11/05/2008] [Accepted: 12/08/2008] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Immune and neuroendocrine systems have bidirectional communications. Growth hormone (GH) and an orexigenic hormone ghrelin are expressed in various immune cells such as T lymphocytes, B lymphocytes, monocytes and neutrophils. These immune cells also bear receptors for hormones: growth hormone receptor (GHR) for GH and growth hormone secretagogue receptor (GHS-R) for ghrelin. The expression of GH in immune cells is stimulated by ghrelin as in anterior pituitary cells, whereas the regulation of GH secretion in the immune system by other peptides seems to be different from that in the anterior pituitary gland. Cytokines and mitogens enhance GH secretion from immune cells. GH has several biological actions in the immune system: enhancing thymopoiesis and T cell development, modulating cytokine production, enhancing B cell development and antibody production, priming neutrophils and monocytes for superoxide anion secretion, enhancing neutrophil adhesion and monocyte migration and anti-apoptotic action. Biological actions of ghrelin include attenuation of septic shock and anti-inflammatory actions, modulating phagocytosis, and enhancing thymopoiesis. The effect of ghrelin may be direct or through GH production, and that of GH may be direct or through insulin like growth factor-I (IGF-I) production. Elucidation of the roles of GH and ghrelin in the immune system may shed light on the treatment and prevention of immunological disorders such as AIDS and organ damages due to obesity/ageing-related chronic inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoki Hattori
- Department of Pharmacology, Kansai Medical University, Moriguchi-city, Osaka, Japan.
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Egger M, Beer AGE, Theurl M, Schgoer W, Hotter B, Tatarczyk T, Vasiljevic D, Frauscher S, Marksteiner J, Patsch JR, Schratzberger P, Djanani AM, Mahata SK, Kirchmair R. Monocyte migration: a novel effect and signaling pathways of catestatin. Eur J Pharmacol 2008; 598:104-11. [PMID: 18834877 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2008.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2007] [Revised: 08/09/2008] [Accepted: 09/04/2008] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Several members of the neuropeptide family exert chemotactic actions on blood monocytes consistent with neurogenic inflammation. Furthermore, chromogranin A (CgA) containing Alzheimer plaques are characterized by extensive microglia activation and such activation induces neuronal damage. We therefore hypothesized that the catecholamine release inhibitory peptide catestatin (hCgA(352-372)) would induce directed monocyte migration. We demonstrate that catestatin dose-dependently stimulates chemotaxis of human peripheral blood monocytes, exhibiting its maximal effect at a concentration of 1 nM comparable to the established chemoattractant formylated peptide Met-Leu-Phe (fMLP). The naturally occurring catestatin variants differed in their chemotactic property insofar as that the Pro370Leu variant was even more potent than wild type, whereas the Gly364Ser variant was less effective. Specificity of this effect was shown by inhibition of catestatin-induced chemotaxis by a specific neutralizing antibody. In addition, catestatin mediated effect was blocked by dimethylsphingosine and treatment with endothelial differentiation gene (Edg)-1 and Edg-3 antisense RNA as well as by incubation with pertussis toxin and genistein indicating involvement of tyrosine kinase receptor-, G-protein- and sphingosine-1-phosphate signaling. Catestatin also stimulated Akt- and extracellular signal related kinase (ERK)-phosphorylation and catestatin-induced chemotaxis was blocked by blockers of phosphoinositide-3 (PI-3) kinase and nitric oxide as well as by inhibition of the mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK) system indicating involvement of these signal transduction pathways. In summary, our data indicate that catestatin induces monocyte chemotaxis by activation of a variety of signal transduction pathways suggesting a role of this peptide as an inflammatory cytokine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margot Egger
- Department of Internal Medicine 1, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
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Provenzano PP, Alejandro-Osorio AL, Grorud KW, Martinez DA, Vailas AC, Grindeland RE, Vanderby R. Systemic administration of IGF-I enhances healing in collagenous extracellular matrices: evaluation of loaded and unloaded ligaments. BMC PHYSIOLOGY 2007; 7:2. [PMID: 17386107 PMCID: PMC1851714 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6793-7-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2006] [Accepted: 03/26/2007] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) plays a crucial role in wound healing and tissue repair. We tested the hypotheses that systemic administration of IGF-I, or growth hormone (GH), or both (GH+IGF-I) would improve healing in collagenous connective tissue, such as ligament. These hypotheses were examined in rats that were allowed unrestricted activity after injury and in animals that were subjected to hindlimb disuse. Male rats were assigned to three groups: ambulatory sham-control, ambulatory-healing, and hindlimb unloaded-healing. Ambulatory and hindlimb unloaded animals underwent surgical disruption of their knee medial collateral ligaments (MCLs), while sham surgeries were performed on control animals. Healing animals subcutaneously received systemic doses of either saline, GH, IGF-I, or GH+IGF-I. After 3 weeks, mechanical properties, cell and matrix morphology, and biochemical composition were examined in control and healing ligaments. RESULTS Tissues from ambulatory animals receiving only saline had significantly greater strength than tissue from saline receiving hindlimb unloaded animals. Addition of IGF-I significantly improved maximum force and ultimate stress in tissues from both ambulatory and hindlimb unloaded animals with significant increases in matrix organization and type-I collagen expression. Addition of GH alone did not have a significant effect on either group, while addition of GH+IGF-I significantly improved force, stress, and modulus values in MCLs from hindlimb unloaded animals. Force, stress, and modulus values in tissues from hindlimb unloaded animals receiving IGF-I or GH+IGF-I exceeded (or were equivalent to) values in tissues from ambulatory animals receiving only saline with greatly improved structural organization and significantly increased type-I collagen expression. Furthermore, levels of IGF-receptor were significantly increased in tissues from hindlimb unloaded animals treated with IGF-I. CONCLUSION These results support two of our hypotheses that systemic administration of IGF-I or GH+IGF-I improve healing in collagenous tissue. Systemic administration of IGF-I improves healing in collagenous extracellular matrices from loaded and unloaded tissues. Growth hormone alone did not result in any significant improvement contrary to our hypothesis, while GH + IGF-I produced remarkable improvement in hindlimb unloaded animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo P Provenzano
- Dept. of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | | | - Kelley W Grorud
- Dept. of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
- Dept. of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Daniel A Martinez
- Dept. Health and Human Performance, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA
- Dept. of Mechanical Engineering and The Biomedical Engineering Program, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Arthur C Vailas
- Dept. of Mechanical Engineering and The Biomedical Engineering Program, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Richard E Grindeland
- Life Sciences Research Division, NASA-Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, USA
| | - Ray Vanderby
- Dept. of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
- Dept. of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
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