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Lai J, Liang J, Chen K, Guan B, Chen Z, Chen L, Fan J, Zhang Y, Li Q, Su J, Chen Q, Lin J. Carrimycin ameliorates lipopolysaccharide and cecal ligation and puncture-induced sepsis in mice. Chin J Nat Med 2024; 22:235-248. [PMID: 38553191 DOI: 10.1016/s1875-5364(24)60600-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/02/2024]
Abstract
Carrimycin (CA), sanctioned by China's National Medical Products Administration (NMPA) in 2019 for treating acute bronchitis and sinusitis, has recently been observed to exhibit multifaceted biological activities, encompassing anti-inflammatory, antiviral, and anti-tumor properties. Despite these applications, its efficacy in sepsis treatment remains unexplored. This study introduces a novel function of CA, demonstrating its capacity to mitigate sepsis induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) in mice models. Our research employed in vitro assays, real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR), and RNA-seq analysis to establish that CA significantly reduces the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines, namely tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin 1 beta (IL-1β), and interleukin 6 (IL-6), in response to LPS stimulation. Additionally, Western blotting and immunofluorescence assays revealed that CA impedes Nuclear Factor Kappa B (NF-κB) activation in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells. Complementing these findings, in vivo experiments demonstrated that CA effectively alleviates LPS- and CLP-triggered organ inflammation in C57BL/6 mice. Further insights were gained through 16S sequencing, highlighting CA's pivotal role in enhancing gut microbiota diversity and modulating metabolic pathways, particularly by augmenting the production of short-chain fatty acids in mice subjected to CLP. Notably, a comparative analysis revealed that CA's anti-inflammatory efficacy surpasses that of equivalent doses of aspirin (ASP) and TIENAM. Collectively, these findings suggest that CA exhibits significant therapeutic potential in sepsis treatment. This discovery provides a foundational theoretical basis for the clinical application of CA in sepsis management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junzhong Lai
- The Cancer Center, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou 350001, China
| | - Jiadi Liang
- The Cancer Center, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou 350001, China; Fujian Key Laboratory of Innate Immune Biology, Biomedical Research Center of South China, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350117, China
| | - Kunsen Chen
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Innate Immune Biology, Biomedical Research Center of South China, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350117, China
| | - Biyun Guan
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Innate Immune Biology, Biomedical Research Center of South China, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350117, China
| | - Zhirong Chen
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Innate Immune Biology, Biomedical Research Center of South China, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350117, China
| | - Linqin Chen
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Innate Immune Biology, Biomedical Research Center of South China, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350117, China
| | - Jiqiang Fan
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Innate Immune Biology, Biomedical Research Center of South China, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350117, China
| | - Yong Zhang
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Innate Immune Biology, Biomedical Research Center of South China, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350117, China
| | - Qiumei Li
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Innate Immune Biology, Biomedical Research Center of South China, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350117, China
| | - Jingqian Su
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Innate Immune Biology, Biomedical Research Center of South China, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350117, China
| | - Qi Chen
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Innate Immune Biology, Biomedical Research Center of South China, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350117, China.
| | - Jizhen Lin
- The Cancer Center, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou 350001, China; The Department of Otolaryngology, Head & Neck Surgery, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
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2
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Zhang Y, Cao J, Su J, He T, Wang Q, Wei F, Guo X, Mei Q, Zeng J. Study of Bitespiramycin Distribution in Rats and Cerebrospinal Fluid of Patients by a Sensitive LC-MS/MS Method with Rapid Sample Preparation. Molecules 2024; 29:1037. [PMID: 38474552 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29051037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2024] [Revised: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 02/25/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Bitespiramycin, has been shown to have a therapeutic effect against respiratory tract inflammation, including a potential effect against COVID-19. A current clinical trial in China showed that bitespiramycin was an effective treatment for severe pneumonia and intracranial infection. However, there is lack of an analytical method to elucidate the distribution of bitespiramycin. In this study, a highly sensitive, rapid and reliable UPLC-MS/MS method was developed to comprehensively characterize the bitespiramycin distribution in various bio-samples, which is significantly improved upon the published work. A rapid sample preparation method was developed by using n-butanol as the solvent to extract bitespiramycin from different bio-samples. The extract was then directly analyzed by UPLC-MS/MS coupled with an alkaline-resistant column after centrifugation which avoids the time-consuming concentration process under nitrogen and redissolution. The method was employed to accurately quantify bitespiramycin and its metabolites in rat plasma, tissues, and human cerebrospinal fluid. Notably, the presence of bitespiramycin and its metabolites was identified for the first time in various rat organs including brain, testis, bladder and prostate as well as in human cerebrospinal fluid. This newly developed approach shows great promise for drug distribution assays including other antibiotics and can help elucidate the ADME of bitespiramycin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujie Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Jingjie Cao
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Jiahan Su
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Tingting He
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Qianru Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Feng Wei
- Shanghai Tonglian Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Shanghai 201611, China
| | - Xin Guo
- Luzhou New Drug Safety Evaluation Research Center, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Qibing Mei
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
- Luzhou New Drug Safety Evaluation Research Center, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Jing Zeng
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
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3
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Pan Y, Zhang H, Xi C, Huang L, Xie S, Chen D, Tao Y, Liu Z, Yuan Z. Simultaneous determination of multicomponent of acetylkitasamycin and kitasamycin by LC-MS/MS in swine plasma and its application in a pharmacokinetic study. Biomed Chromatogr 2018; 32:e4268. [PMID: 29722050 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.4268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2018] [Revised: 04/08/2018] [Accepted: 04/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
A simple and reliable LC-MS/MS method was established for simultaneous determination of 12 components from acetylkitasamycin and kitasamycin in swine plasma. The analytes were separated on a Shim-pack VP-ODS column with a 25 min gradient elution using 5 mmol/L ammonium acetate and acetonitrile as the mobile phase at a flow rate of 0.2 mL/min. Identification and quantification were accomplished by electrospray ionization) in positive mode using multiple reaction monitoring. The limits of quantitation of acetylkitasamycin A1 A3 , A13 and kitasamycin A3 , A13 were 3 μg/L, and that of the other eight components was 5 μg/L. The mean recoveries of kitasamycin and acetylkitasamycin ranged from 85.3 to 103.5%. The developed method was successfully applied to a pharmacokinetic study in swine after intravenous (i.v.) and oral (p.o.) administration of acetylkitasamycin. The result showed that the plasma concentrations of acetylkitsamycin components were much higher than that of kitasamycin in swine after i.v. and p.o., in which acetylkitsamycin A4 A5 was the highest component at each time point.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanhu Pan
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues and MOA Key Laboratory for Detection of Veterinary Drug Residues, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- MOA Laboratory for Risk Assessment of Quality and Safety of Livestock and Poultry Products, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Heying Zhang
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues and MOA Key Laboratory for Detection of Veterinary Drug Residues, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- MOA Laboratory for Risk Assessment of Quality and Safety of Livestock and Poultry Products, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Chenglong Xi
- MOA Laboratory for Risk Assessment of Quality and Safety of Livestock and Poultry Products, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Lingli Huang
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues and MOA Key Laboratory for Detection of Veterinary Drug Residues, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- MOA Laboratory for Risk Assessment of Quality and Safety of Livestock and Poultry Products, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Shuyu Xie
- MOA Laboratory for Risk Assessment of Quality and Safety of Livestock and Poultry Products, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Dongmei Chen
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues and MOA Key Laboratory for Detection of Veterinary Drug Residues, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Yanfei Tao
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues and MOA Key Laboratory for Detection of Veterinary Drug Residues, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Zhenli Liu
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues and MOA Key Laboratory for Detection of Veterinary Drug Residues, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- MOA Laboratory for Risk Assessment of Quality and Safety of Livestock and Poultry Products, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Zonghui Yuan
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues and MOA Key Laboratory for Detection of Veterinary Drug Residues, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- MOA Laboratory for Risk Assessment of Quality and Safety of Livestock and Poultry Products, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
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4
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Identification of two regulatory genes involved in carbomycin biosynthesis in Streptomyces thermotolerans. Arch Microbiol 2017; 199:1023-1033. [PMID: 28389815 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-017-1376-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2017] [Revised: 03/28/2017] [Accepted: 03/30/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Carbomycins are 16-membered macrolide antibiotics produced by Streptomyces thermotolerans ATCC 11416T. To characterize gene cluster responsible for carbomycin biosynthesis, the draft genome sequences for strain ATCC 11416T were obtained, from which the partial carbomycin biosynthetic gene cluster was identified. This gene cluster was approximately 40 kb in length, and encoding 30 ORFs. Two putative transcriptional regulatory genes, acyB2 and cbmR, were inactivated by insertion of the apramycin resistance gene, and the resulting mutants were unable to produce carbomycin, thus confirming the involvement of two regulatory genes in carbomycin biosynthesis. Overexpression of acyB2 greatly improved the yield of carbomycin; however, overexpression of cbmR blocked carbomycin production. The qPCR analysis of the carbomycin biosynthetic genes in various mutants indicated that most genes were highly expressed in acyB2-overexpressing strains, but few expressed in cbmR-overexpressing strains. Furthermore, acyB2 co-expression with 4″-isovaleryltransferase gene (ist), resulted in efficient biotransformation of spiramycin into bitespiramycin in S. lividans TK24, whereas ist gene regulated by acyB2 and cbmR would cause the lower efficiency of spiramycin biotransformation. These results indicated that AcyB2 was a pathway-specific positive regulator of carbomycin biosynthesis. However, CbmR played a dual role in the carbomycin biosynthesis by acting as a positive regulator, and as a repressor at cbmR high expression levels.
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5
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Wan Q, Chen K, Zhu J, Wu B, Ji L, Wu Y. Separation and purification of bitespiramycin by counter-current extraction. SEP SCI TECHNOL 2015. [DOI: 10.1080/01496395.2015.1065889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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6
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Wang MJ, Li YP, Wang Y, Li J, Hu CQ, Hoogmartens J, Van Schepdael A, Adams E. Characterization of the components of meleumycin by liquid chromatography with photo-diode array detection and electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2013; 84:69-76. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2013.05.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2013] [Revised: 05/26/2013] [Accepted: 05/27/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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7
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Bekele LK, Gebeyehu GG. Application of Different Analytical Techniques and Microbiological Assays for the Analysis of Macrolide Antibiotics from Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms and Biological Matrices. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.5402/2012/859473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Macrolides are a group of drugs whose activity stems from the presence of a macrolide ring, a large macrocyclic lactone ring to which one or more deoxy sugars may be attached. They are produced by Streptomyces species and used primarily against gram-positive bacteria. The determination of antibiotics, including macrolides, is mainly carried out by microbiological assays. However, microbiological assays tended to lack specificity. And hence to overcome this problem, lots of chemical and instrumental methods have been developed to determine macrolides separately as well as simultaneously. Different chromatographic, spectrophotometric, and electrochemical methods used for the determination of macrolides have been reviewed in this paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lantider Kassaye Bekele
- Food and Drug quality Control Laboratory, Food, Medicine and Health Care Administration and Control Authority of Ethiopia, Addis Ababa 5681, Ethiopia
| | - Getachew Genete Gebeyehu
- Food and Drug quality Control Laboratory, Food, Medicine and Health Care Administration and Control Authority of Ethiopia, Addis Ababa 5681, Ethiopia
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8
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Wang MJ, Xue J, Zou WB, Wang Y, Hu CQ, Hoogmartens J, Adams E. Identification of the components of bitespiramycin by liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2012; 66:402-10. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2012.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2011] [Revised: 03/07/2012] [Accepted: 03/08/2012] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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9
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Semak IV, Alekseev NA, Korik EO, Drobyshevskii AM, Antonova MV. Determination of roxythromycin in blood serum by liquid chromatography with mass spectrometric detection. JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY 2011. [DOI: 10.1134/s1061934810121044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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10
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Youssef RM, Maher HM. Electrochemical study of spiramycin and its determination in pharmaceutical preparation. Drug Test Anal 2010; 2:392-6. [DOI: 10.1002/dta.137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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11
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Su S, Guo J, Duan JA, Wang T, Qian D, Shang E, Tang Y. Ultra-performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry analysis of the bioactive components and their metabolites of Shaofu Zhuyu decoction active extract in rat plasma. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2010; 878:355-62. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2009.11.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2009] [Revised: 11/29/2009] [Accepted: 11/30/2009] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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12
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Li J, Ma C, Wang H, Wang Y, Wu L, Wang Y. On-line identification of 4''-isovalerylspiramycin I in the genetic engineered strain of S. spiramyceticus F21 by liquid chromatography with electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry, ultraviolet absorbance detection and nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 2010; 1217:1419-24. [PMID: 20060537 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2009.12.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2009] [Revised: 11/26/2009] [Accepted: 12/22/2009] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
LC-hyphenated techniques were applied to the on-line identification of isovalerylspiramycin I (isp I), a spiramycin-like macrolide in the crude extract of fermentation broth from a genetically engineered strain of S. spiramyceticus F21. In the structural characterization of the large molecular secondary metabolite of isp I, LC-DAD-UV-ESI-MS(n) analysis played a crucial role, and stop-flow LC-(1)H NMR measurement, with bitespiramycin used as reference, was a valuable complement approach. This rational approach proved to be an efficient means for the rapid and accurate structural determination of known microbial secondary metabolites, by which targeted isolation of component(s) of interest can be subsequently performed for further biological and pharmacological studies in drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyan Li
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Antibiotics, Ministry of Health, Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100050, China
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13
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Li ZL, Wang YH, Chu J, Zhuang YP, Zhang SL. Effect of branched-chain amino acids, valine, isoleucine and leucine on the biosythesis of bitespiramycin 4"-O-acylspiramycins. Braz J Microbiol 2009; 40:734-46. [PMID: 24031420 PMCID: PMC3768584 DOI: 10.1590/s1517-83822009000400003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2008] [Revised: 08/27/2008] [Accepted: 07/14/2009] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Bitespiramycin, a group of 4"-O-acylated spiramycins with 4"-O-isovalerylspiramycins as the major components, was produced by recombinant spiramycin-producing strain Streptomyces spiramyceticus harboring a 4"-O-acyltransferase gene. The experiment was initially performed in synthetic medium with 0.5 g l(-1) Valine, Isoleucine or Leucine feeding at 36 h cultivation. When valine was fed, the biological titer of bitespiramycin was 45.3% higher than that of the control group, but the relative content of total isovalerylspiramycin components decreased by 22.5%. In the case of ilecine, the biological titer of bitespiramycin and the total isovalerylspiramycins alone were 85% and 72.1% of the control group, respectively. In contrast, the relative content of other acylated spiramycins increased by 54.41%. However, leucine feeding increased the relative content of total isovalerylspiramycins by 41.9% while the biological titer of bitespiramycin was nearly equal to that of the control group. The improvement effect of leucine on the biosynthesis of isovalerylspiramycins was further confirmed by feeding of 2.0 g l(-1) leucine to the culture with complex medium. After batch feeding with a total amount of 2.0 g l(-1) leucine to the culture from 70 h to 90 h, the biological titer of bitespiramycin was almost unreduced, and the final relative content of total isovalerylspiramycins increased from 31.1% to 46.9%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen-Lin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Yong-Hong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Ju Chu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
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14
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Wang J. Analysis of macrolide antibiotics, using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry, in food, biological and environmental matrices. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2009; 28:50-92. [PMID: 18785191 DOI: 10.1002/mas.20189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Macrolides are a group of antibiotics that have been widely used in human medical and veterinary practices. Analysis of macrolides and related compounds in food, biological, and environmental matrices continue to be the focus of scientists for the reasons of food safety, pharmacokinetic studies, and environmental concerns. This article presents an overview on the primary biological properties of macrolides and their associated analytical issues, including extraction, liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS), method validation, and measurement uncertainty. The main techniques that have been used to extract macrolides from various matrices are solid-phase extraction and liquid-liquid extraction. Conventional liquid chromatography (LC) with C18 columns plays a dominant role for the determination of macrolides, whereas ultra-performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) along with sub-2 microm particle C18 columns reduces run time and improves sensitivity. Mass spectrometry (MS), serving as a universal detection technique, has replaced ultraviolet (UV), fluorometric, and electrochemical detection for multi-macrolide analysis. The triple-quadrupole (QqQ), quadrupole ion trap (QIT), triple-quadrupole linear ion trap, time-of-flight (TOF), and quadrupole time-of-flight (QqTOF) mass spectrometers are current choices for the determination of macrolides, including quantification, confirmation, identification of their degradation products or metabolites, and structural elucidation. LC or UPLC coupled to a triple-quadrupole mass spectrometer operated in the multiple-reaction monitoring (MRM) mode (LC/MS/MS) is the first choice for quantification. UPLC-TOF or UPLC-QqTOF has been recognized as an emerging technique for accurate mass measurement and unequivocal identification of macrolides and their related compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Wang
- Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Calgary Laboratory, 3650-36th Street N.W., Calgary, Alberta, Canada T2L 2L1.
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15
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Li ZL, Wang YH, Chu J, Zhuang YP, Zhang SL. Leucine improves the component of isovalerylspiramycins for the production of bitespiramycin. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 2008; 32:641-7. [PMID: 19115067 DOI: 10.1007/s00449-008-0287-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2008] [Accepted: 11/27/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Bitespiramycin, a group of 4''-O-acylated spiramycins with 4''-O-isovalerylspiramycins as the major components, is produced by recombinant spiramycin-producing strain Streptomyces spiramyceticus harboring a 4''-O-acyltransferase gene from a carbomycin-producing strain S. mycarofaciens 1748. The effects of leucine feeding on the bitespiramycin fermentation, especially the synthesis of isovalerylspiramycin components, were investigated. The experiment was initially performed in flask culture under the condition of feeding 15.4 mmol/l of leucine at 72 h fermentation, and the culture without leucine feeding was used as control. When 15.4 mmol/l leucine was fed at 72 h, 51.3 +/- 0.33% total isovalerylspiramycins was recorded compared to 40.9 +/- 0.26% under the control condition after 96 h of fermentation. The improvement of total isovalerylspiramycin content was further achieved in 15 l fermentation when 15.4 mmol/l of leucine was supplemented from 65 to 72 h. These results indicated that isovaleryl group derived from leucine catabolism could act as the precursor of the 4'' side chain of bitespiramycin, which profoundly enhanced the synthesis of isovalerylspiramycins in the bitespiramycin complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen-Lin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 200237, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.
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16
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Maher HM, Youssef RM. Development of Validated Chromatographic Methods for the Simultaneous Determination of Metronidazole and Spiramycin in Tablets. Chromatographia 2008. [DOI: 10.1365/s10337-008-0865-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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17
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A combined strategy to simultaneously improve the component of isovalerylspiramycin in a bitespiramycin (4″-O-acylspiramycins) complex and its biological titre. Process Biochem 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2008.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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18
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A review of analytical methods for the determination of aminoglycoside and macrolide residues in food matrices. Anal Chim Acta 2008; 624:1-15. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2008.05.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2008] [Revised: 05/22/2008] [Accepted: 05/23/2008] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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19
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Pendela M, Govaerts C, Diana J, Hoogmartens J, Van Schepdael A, Adams E. Characterization of impurities in spiramycin by liquid chromatography/ion trap mass spectrometry. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2007; 21:599-613. [PMID: 17262895 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.2868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
A reversed-phase liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry method is described for the investigation of spiramycin and related substances. The method uses an XTerra C18 column (250 x 4.6 mm i.d.), 5 microm, and a mobile phase consisting of acetonitrile, methanol, water and ammonium acetate solution, pH 6.5. Mass spectral data were acquired on an LCQ ion trap mass spectrometer equipped with atmospheric pressure chemical ionization (APCI) operated in the positive ion mode. Using this method, the fragmentation behavior of spiramycin and its related substances was studied and the unknown impurities occurring in commercial samples were investigated. In total 17 compounds were identified, among which three reported as specified impurities in the European Pharmacopoeia. The other impurities showed mainly a modification in the forosamine sugar or in the substituent at C-3 and C-6 positions. In one impurity, the mycarose sugar is absent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Murali Pendela
- Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Faculteit Farmaceutische Wetenschappen, Laboratorium voor Farmaceutische Analyse, O&N2, PB 923, Herestraat 49, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
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20
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Peng Y, Lu C, Hu B, Wang Z, Hu S. Development of an acetylspiramycin sensor based on a single-walled carbon nanotubes film electrode. Mikrochim Acta 2006. [DOI: 10.1007/s00604-006-0664-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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21
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Shi XG, Fawcett JP, Chen XY, Zhong DF. Structural identification of bitespiramycin metabolites in rat: a single oral dose study. Xenobiotica 2005; 35:343-58. [PMID: 16019956 DOI: 10.1080/00498250500087580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Bitespiramycin is a macrolide antibiotic consisting of a mixture of some nine spiramycin ester derivatives. It has a similar spectrum of antibiotic activity to that of spiramycin but has superior pharmacokinetic properties. In this study, a rapid and facile LC/ESI-MSn method was applied to study the metabolism of bitespiramycin in rat following a single oral dose (80 mg kg-1). Concentrations of parent drug constituents and metabolites were determined in plasma, urine, feces and bile. Concentrations of parent drug constituents and metabolites in plasma were very low. In urine, feces and bile, parent drug constituents and 38 metabolites were identified on the basis of their chromatographic and mass spectrometric properties. The identity of 17 metabolites was confirmed by comparison with reference substances. The principal metabolites were the corresponding spiramycins formed by hydrolysis of the 4''-(3-methylbutanoate) groups. Other important metabolic pathways were: hydrolytic loss of the forosamine and mycarose sugars; aldehyde reduction; cysteine conjugation of the aldehyde group; and hydrolysis of the lactone ring. Products formed by lactone ring opening were found only in urine, and those formed by aldehyde reduction were found only in feces. Aldehyde reduction and hydrolytic loss of forosamine represent novel biotransformation pathways for spiramycin derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- X G Shi
- Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, PR China
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González de la Huebra MJ, Vincent U. Analysis of macrolide antibiotics by liquid chromatography. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2005; 39:376-98. [PMID: 15963675 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2005.04.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2005] [Accepted: 04/28/2005] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
A compilation of the most representative single and multianalyte HPLC methods for the analysis of macrolide antibiotics published during the last two decades is presented in this paper. Its scope is the coverage of two main areas which require the determination of macrolide antibiotics at a low concentration level, i.e. pharmacokinetic studies and residue analysis. Both of these areas involve the treatment of biological and foodstuff matrices, respectively. A detailed explanation of the different sample preparation procedures as well as the experimental conditions and the main analytical features are provided for each referred method in order to allow the reader to select the most suitable conditions for their particular purpose.
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Affiliation(s)
- M J González de la Huebra
- European Commission, Directorate General Joint Research Centre, Institute for Reference Materials and Measurements, Retieseweg 111, B-2440 Geel, Belgium.
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Barrett B, Borek-Dohalský V, Fejt P, Vaingátová S, Huclová J, Nemec B, Jelínek I. Validated HPLC–MS–MS method for determination of azithromycin in human plasma. Anal Bioanal Chem 2005; 383:210-7. [PMID: 16091946 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-005-0018-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2005] [Revised: 06/28/2005] [Accepted: 07/03/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
A validated, highly sensitive, and selective HPLC method with MS-MS detection has been developed for quantitative determination of azithromycin (AZI) in human Na2EDTA plasma. Roxithromycin (ROX) was used as internal standard. Human plasma containing AZI and internal standard was ultrafiltered through Centrifree Micropartition devices and the concentration of AZI was determined by isocratic HPLC-MS-MS. Multiple reaction monitoring mode (MRM) was used for MS-MS detection. The calibration plot was linear in the concentration range 2.55-551.43 ng mL(-1). Inter-day and Intra-day precision and accuracy of the proposed method were characterized by R.S.D and percentage deviation, respectively; both were less than 8%. Limit of quantification was 2.55 ng mL(-1). The proposed method was used to determine the pharmacokinetic profile of AZI (250-mg tablets).
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Affiliation(s)
- B Barrett
- Bioanalytical Laboratory, Cepha s.r.o., 32300, Plzen, Czech Republic
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Shi X, Zhang S, Fawcett JP, Zhong D. Acid catalysed degradation of some spiramycin derivatives found in the antibiotic bitespiramycin. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2004; 36:593-600. [PMID: 15522535 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2004.07.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2004] [Revised: 07/27/2004] [Accepted: 07/31/2004] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Bitespiramycin is a novel antibiotic containing a number of 4''-acylated spiramycin derivatives (isovalerylspiramycins I-III, butanoylspiramycin III, propanoylspiramycin III and acetylspiramycin III) as major components. These spiramycin derivatives are susceptible to degradation in acid solution. Liquid chromatography-ion trap mass spectrometry (LC/MS(n)) was used to study the degradation of these spiramycin derivatives in simulated gastric fluid at 37 degrees C. All derivatives degraded by first-order reactions for which rate constants (k) and half-lives (t(1/2)) were calculated. Acyl groups at position 3 had less effect on acid-stability of spiramycin derivatives than acyl groups at position 4''. The introduction of 4''-acyl groups enhanced the acid-stability of spiramycin derivatives and altered the degradation pathway in simulated gastric fluid such that loss of forosamine rather than loss of mycarose becomes the major degradation pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangguo Shi
- Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang 110016, PR China
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Current literature in mass spectrometry. JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY : JMS 2003; 38:1290-1301. [PMID: 14696212 DOI: 10.1002/jms.415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
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26
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Current literature in mass spectrometry. JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY : JMS 2003; 38:1215-1224. [PMID: 14648831 DOI: 10.1002/jms.414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
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