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Huang R, Romero P, Belanche A, Ungerfeld E, Yanez-Ruiz D, Morgavi D, Popova M. Evaluating the effect of phenolic compounds as hydrogen acceptors when ruminal methanogenesis is inhibited in vitro – Part 1. Dairy cows. Animal 2023; 17:100788. [PMID: 37087996 DOI: 10.1016/j.animal.2023.100788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Revised: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Some antimethanogenic feed additives for ruminants promote rumen dihydrogen (H2) accumulation potentially affecting the optimal fermentation of diets. We hypothesised that combining an H2 acceptor with a methanogenesis inhibitor can decrease rumen H2 build-up and improve the production of metabolites that can be useful for the host ruminant. We performed three in vitro incubation experiments using rumen fluid from lactating Holstein cows: Experiment 1 examined the effect of phenolic compounds (phenol, catechol, resorcinol, hydroquinone, pyrogallol, phloroglucinol, and gallic acid) at 0, 2, 4, and 6 mM on ruminal fermentation for 24 h; Experiment 2 examined the combined effect of each phenolic compound from Experiment 1 at 6 mM with two different methanogenesis inhibitors (Asparagopsis taxiformis or 2-bromoethanesulfonate (BES)) for 24 h incubation; Experiment 3 examined the effect of a selected phenolic compound, phloroglucinol, with or without BES over a longer term using sequential incubations for seven days. Results from Experiment 1 showed that phenolic compounds, independently of the dose, did not negatively affect rumen fermentation, whereas results from Experiment 2 showed that phenolic compounds did not decrease H2 accumulation or modify CH4 production when methanogenesis was decreased by up to 75% by inhibitors. In Experiment 3, after three sequential incubations, phloroglucinol combined with BES decreased H2 accumulation by 72% and further inhibited CH4 production, compared to BES alone. Interestingly, supplementation with phloroglucinol (alone or in combination with the CH4 inhibitor) decreased CH4 production by 99% and the abundance of methanogenic archaea, with just a nominal increase in H2 accumulation. Supplementation of phloroglucinol also increased total volatile fatty acid (VFA), acetate, butyrate, and total gas production, and decreased ammonia concentration. This study indicates that some phenolic compounds, particularly phloroglucinol, which are naturally found in plants, could improve VFA production, decrease H2 accumulation and synergistically decrease CH4 production in the presence of antimethanogenic compounds.
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Mohos V, Fliszár-Nyúl E, Lemli B, Zsidó BZ, Hetényi C, Mladěnka P, Horký P, Pour M, Poór M. Testing the Pharmacokinetic Interactions of 24 Colonic Flavonoid Metabolites with Human Serum Albumin and Cytochrome P450 Enzymes. Biomolecules 2020; 10:E409. [PMID: 32155912 PMCID: PMC7175153 DOI: 10.3390/biom10030409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Revised: 03/03/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Flavonoids are abundant polyphenols in nature. They are extensively biotransformed in enterocytes and hepatocytes, where conjugated (methyl, sulfate, and glucuronide) metabolites are formed. However, bacterial microflora in the human intestines also metabolize flavonoids, resulting in the production of smaller phenolic fragments (e.g., hydroxybenzoic, hydroxyacetic and hydroxycinnamic acids, and hydroxybenzenes). Despite the fact that several colonic metabolites appear in the circulation at high concentrations, we have only limited information regarding their pharmacodynamic effects and pharmacokinetic interactions. Therefore, in this in vitro study, we investigated the interactions of 24 microbial flavonoid metabolites with human serum albumin and cytochrome P450 (CYP2C9, 2C19, and 3A4) enzymes. Our results demonstrated that some metabolites (e.g., 2,4-dihydroxyacetophenone, pyrogallol, O-desmethylangolensin, and 2-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzoic acid) form stable complexes with albumin. However, the compounds tested did not considerably displace Site I and II marker drugs from albumin. All CYP isoforms examined were significantly inhibited by O-desmethylangolensin; nevertheless, only its effect on CYP2C9 seems to be relevant. Furthermore, resorcinol and phloroglucinol showed strong inhibitory effects on CYP3A4. Our results demonstrate that, besides flavonoid aglycones and their conjugated derivatives, some colonic metabolites are also able to interact with proteins involved in the pharmacokinetics of drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Violetta Mohos
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Pécs, Szigeti út 12, H-7624 Pécs, Hungary; (V.M.); (E.F.-N.)
- János Szentágothai Research Center, University of Pécs, Ifjúság útja 20, H-7624 Pécs, Hungary; (B.L.)
| | - Eszter Fliszár-Nyúl
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Pécs, Szigeti út 12, H-7624 Pécs, Hungary; (V.M.); (E.F.-N.)
- János Szentágothai Research Center, University of Pécs, Ifjúság útja 20, H-7624 Pécs, Hungary; (B.L.)
| | - Beáta Lemli
- János Szentágothai Research Center, University of Pécs, Ifjúság útja 20, H-7624 Pécs, Hungary; (B.L.)
- Institute of Organic and Medicinal Chemistry, Medical School, University of Pécs, Szigeti út 12, H-7624 Pécs, Hungary
| | - Balázs Zoltán Zsidó
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Medical School, University of Pécs, Szigeti út 12, H-7624 Pécs, Hungary; (B.Z.Z.); (C.H.)
| | - Csaba Hetényi
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Medical School, University of Pécs, Szigeti út 12, H-7624 Pécs, Hungary; (B.Z.Z.); (C.H.)
| | - Přemysl Mladěnka
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Heyrovského 1203, 500 05 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic; (P.M.)
| | - Pavel Horký
- Department of Organic and Bioorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Akademika Heyrovského 1203, 500 05 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic; (P.H.)
- Department of Social and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Zborovská 2089, 500 05 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Milan Pour
- Department of Organic and Bioorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Akademika Heyrovského 1203, 500 05 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic; (P.H.)
| | - Miklós Poór
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Pécs, Szigeti út 12, H-7624 Pécs, Hungary; (V.M.); (E.F.-N.)
- János Szentágothai Research Center, University of Pécs, Ifjúság útja 20, H-7624 Pécs, Hungary; (B.L.)
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Cai N, Yang D, Chen F. A novel chemiluminescence system based on bis(2,4,6-Trichlorophyenyl) oxalate and hydrogen peroxide induced by CdTe QDs for determination of phloroglucinol. Microchem J 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2018.09.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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4
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Rajauria G. Optimization and validation of reverse phase HPLC method for qualitative and quantitative assessment of polyphenols in seaweed. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2018; 148:230-237. [PMID: 29055247 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2017.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2017] [Revised: 09/27/2017] [Accepted: 10/04/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
A simple reverse phase-high performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) coupled to a diode array detector (DAD) and negative ion electrospray mass spectrometer (ESI-MS) method was developed for simultaneous identification and quantification of phenolic antioxidants in seaweed. The proposed method was validated in terms of linearity, limits of detection (LOD), limits of quantification (LOQ), recovery and intermediate precision. The calibration curves were linear with correlation coefficient ranging from 0.9909 to 0.9997 while the values of LOD (0.26-0.82mg/L), LOQ (0.77-2.50mg/L), recovery (≥97.2%) and precision in terms of retention time (%RSD ≤2.27) and peak area (% RSD ≤5.11) were satisfactory. Brown seaweed Himanthalia elongata used in this study was extracted with 60% methanol and the crude extract was cleaned with SPE (Solid Phase Extraction) cartridge. HPLC-DAD-MS/MS analysis of the SPE fraction allowed the identification of 7 phenolic compounds comprising phlorotannins, hydroxybenzoic acid, hydroxycinnamic acid and flavonols subclasses of polyphenols. Quantitative analysis of these compounds revealed the presence of phloroglucinol (394.1±4.33μg/g), gallic acid (96.3±3.12μg/g), chlorogenic acid (38.8±1.94μg/g), caffeic acid (44.4±2.72μg/g), ferulic acid (17.6±0.85μg/g), myricetin (8.6±0.85μg/g) and quercetin (4.2±0.15μg/g), in the extract. The SPE fraction were tested for antioxidant capacity which were significantly (P <0.05) higher (EC50; 14.5±0.57mg/g) than the ascorbic acid (EC50; 35.8±0.59mg/g) and the crude extract (EC50; 46.3±0.48mg/g). The occurrence of all these phenolic antioxidant compounds in H. elongata extract suggested that the developed method is sensitive enough and reproducible and could be used for qualitative and quantitative assessment of polyphenols in seaweed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaurav Rajauria
- School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Lyons Research Farm, Celbridge, Co. Kildare, Ireland.
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Rajauria G, Foley B, Abu-Ghannam N. Identification and characterization of phenolic antioxidant compounds from brown Irish seaweed Himanthalia elongata using LC-DAD–ESI-MS/MS. INNOV FOOD SCI EMERG 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ifset.2016.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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6
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Hasan N, Chaiharn M, Khan S, Khalid H, Sher N, Siddiqui FA, Siddiqui MZ. Dual Wavelength RP-HPLC Method for Simultaneous Determination of Two Antispasmodic Drugs: An Application in Pharmaceutical and Human Serum. JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL METHODS IN CHEMISTRY 2013; 2013:297285. [PMID: 24286017 PMCID: PMC3826572 DOI: 10.1155/2013/297285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2013] [Revised: 09/01/2013] [Accepted: 09/01/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
A reverse phase stability indicating HPLC method for simultaneous determination of two antispasmodic drugs in pharmaceutical parenteral dosage forms (injectable) and in serum has been developed and validated. Mobile phase ingredients consist of Acetonitrile : buffer : sulfuric acid 0.1 M (50 : 50 : 0.3 v/v/v), at flow rate 1.0 mL/min using a Hibar μ Bondapak ODS C18 column monitored at dual wavelength of 266 nm and 205 nm for phloroglucinol and trimethylphloroglucinol, respectively. The drugs were subjected to stress conditions of hydrolysis (oxidation, base, acid, and thermal degradation). Oxidation degraded the molecule drastically while there was not so much significant effect of other stress conditions. The calibration curve was linear with a correlation coefficient of 0.9999 and 0.9992 for PG and TMP, respectively. The drug recoveries fall in the range of 98.56% and 101.24% with 10 pg/mL and 33 pg/mL limit of detection and limit of quantification for both phloroglucinol and trimethylphloroglucinol. The method was validated in accordance with ICH guidelines and was applied successfully to quantify the amount of trimethylphloroglucinol and phloroglucinol in bulk, injectable form and physiological fluid. Forced degradation studies proved the stability indicating abilities of the method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Najmul Hasan
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan
| | - Mathurot Chaiharn
- Division of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Maejo University, Chiang Mai 50290, Thailand
| | - Sauleha Khan
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan
| | - Hira Khalid
- Department of Chemistry, Government College University, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
| | - Nawab Sher
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan
| | - Farhan Ahmed Siddiqui
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal Urdu University of Science & Technology, Karachi 75300, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Zain Siddiqui
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Federal Urdu University of Science & Technology, Karachi 75300, Pakistan
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Phloroglucinol: Antioxidant properties and effects on cellular oxidative markers in human HepG2 cell line. Food Chem Toxicol 2012; 50:2886-93. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2012.05.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2012] [Revised: 05/08/2012] [Accepted: 05/11/2012] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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Li TT, Zhang YS, He L, Li NS, Peng J, Li YJ. Protective effect of phloroglucinol against myocardial ischaemia-reperfusion injury is related to inhibition of myeloperoxidase activity and inflammatory cell infiltration. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2010; 38:27-33. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-1681.2010.05457.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Li NS, Luo XJ, Zhang YS, He L, Liu YZ, Peng J. Phloroglucinol protects gastric mucosa against ethanol-induced injury through regulating myeloperoxidase and catalase activities. Fundam Clin Pharmacol 2010; 25:462-8. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1472-8206.2010.00877.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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10
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Wang XG, Fan YJ. Electrochemical determination of phloroglucinol using a carbon nanotube modified electrode enhanced by surfactant. J APPL ELECTROCHEM 2009. [DOI: 10.1007/s10800-009-9824-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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11
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Jan KC, Ho CT, Hwang LS. Bioavailability and tissue distribution of sesamol in rat. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2008; 56:7032-7037. [PMID: 18636732 DOI: 10.1021/jf8012647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Sesamol, generally regarded as the main antioxidative component in sesame oil, can be generated from sesamolin by roasting sesame seed or bleaching sesame oil. This paper reports the bioavailability of sesamol in Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats. Biological fluid was sampled following a dose of sesamol of 50 mg/kg by gastric gavage (p.o.) or by intravenous injection. The pharmacokinetic data of sesamol were calculated by noncompartmental model. The tissue distribution of sesamol (p.o., 100 mg/kg) in SD rats was also investigated. The concentration changes of sesamol were determined in various tissues and plasma within a 24 h period after oral administration of sesamol. The results showed that the oral bioavailability of sesamol was 35.5 +/- 8.5%. Sesamol was found to be able to penetrate the blood-brain barrier and go through hepatobiliary excretion. Sesamol conjugated metabolites were widely distributed in SD rat tissues, with the highest concentrations in the liver and kidneys and the lowest in the brain. It is postulated that sesamol is incorporated into the liver first and then transported to the other tissues (lung, kidneys, and brain). The major metabolites of sesamol distributed in the lung and kidney were glucuronide and sulfate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuo-Ching Jan
- Graduate Institute of Food Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
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12
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Fan J, Zhang T, Sun J, Fan M. Kinetic Fluorimetric Measurement of Trace Resorcinol1 in Phenol Mixtures. J Fluoresc 2006; 17:113-8. [PMID: 17031570 DOI: 10.1007/s10895-006-0128-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2006] [Accepted: 08/28/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
A kinetic spectrofluorimetric method was studied to measure the concentration of trace resorcinol. The proposed method is based on the inhibitory effect of resorcinol on the oxidation of rhodamine B by potassium bromate in the medium of dilute sulfuric acid. The detection limit and linear range of the proposed resorcinol measurement method are 12 microg L(-1) and 24 approximately 280 microg L(-1), respectively. Relative standard derivations of eleven measurements for 80 microg L(-1) and 200 microg L(-1) resorcinol solutions are 2.12% and 1.08%, respectively. The trace of resorcinol can be determined directly by the proposed method without any pre-separation process when phenol and many other phenolic compounds are present.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Fan
- School of Chemical and Environmental Science, Henan Key Laboratory for Environmental Pollution Control, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007 Henan, People's Republic of China.
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Haghighi B, Dadashvand R. Flow injection chemiluminescence analysis of phenolic compounds using the NCS-luminol system. Anal Bioanal Chem 2006; 384:1246-53. [PMID: 16485089 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-005-0267-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2005] [Revised: 12/01/2005] [Accepted: 12/04/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
A flow injection system coupled with two simple and sensitive chemiluminescence (CL) methods is described for the determination of some phenolic compounds. The methods are based on the inhibition effects of the investigated phenols on the CL signal intensities of N-chlorosuccinimide-KI-luminol (NCS-KI-luminol) and NCS-luminol systems. The influences of the chemical and hydrodynamic parameters on the decrease in CL signal intensities of NCS-KI-luminol and NCS-luminol systems for hydroquinone, catechol, and resorcinol, serving as the model compounds of analyte, were studied in the flow injection mode of analysis. Under the selected conditions, the proposed CL systems were used for the determination of some phenolic compound and analytical characteristics of the systems including calibration equation, correlation coefficient, linear dynamic range, limit of detection, and sample throughput. The limits of detection for hydroquinone, catechol, and resorcinol were 0.002, 0.01, and 0.3 microM using the NCS-KI-luminol system; for the NCS-luminol system these were 0.01, 0.17, and 1.6 microM, respectively. The relative standard deviation for 10 repeated measurements of 0.04, 0.06, and 1 microM of hydroquinone, catechol, and resorcinol were 1.9, 1.4, and 2.0%, respectively, with the NCS-KI-luminol system; for 0.2, 0.5, and 4 microM of hydroquinone, catechol, and resorcinol these were 2.6, 2.2, and 3.7%, respectively, using the NCS-luminol system. The method was applied to the determination of catechol in known environmental water samples with a relative error of less than 6%. A possible reaction mechanism of the proposed CL system is discussed briefly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Behzad Haghighi
- Department of Chemistry, Institute for Advanced Studies in Basic Sciences, 45195-1159 Zanjan, Iran.
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Guihen E, Glennon JD. Rapid separation of antimicrobial metabolites by microchip electrophoresis with UV linear imaging detection. J Chromatogr A 2005; 1071:223-8. [PMID: 15865197 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2004.12.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
This research examines microchip electrophoresis with linear imaging UV detection for the analysis of antimicrobial metabolites, monoacetylphloroglucinol (MAPG) and 2,4-diacetylphloroglucinol (2,4-DAPG) from Pseudomonas fluorescens F113. Initial results show the separation of MAPG, 2,4-DAPG and resorcinol in less than 20 s. This was achieved using a quartz microchip with a separation channel length of 25 mm. In order to quantitate the amount of MAPG and 2,4-DAPG in a microbial cultured supernatant sample, on-chip sample introduction in a methanol/buffer matrix was investigated. Sample introduction/injection parameters were optimized to improve sensitivity and thus decrease the limit of detection (LOD). The amount of antimicrobial metabolites present was quantitated with a separation time of 15 s. A previously developed capillary electrophoretic method was compared to the microchip method in relation to speed, efficiency, precision, linear range and limit of detection. This investigation shows the fastest separation so far of these antimicrobial metabolites with high efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Guihen
- Department of Chemistry, Analytical and Biological Chemistry Research Facility (ABCRF), University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
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15
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Determination of phenolic compounds using high-performance liquid chromatography with Ce4+-Tween 20 chemiluminescence detection. Anal Chim Acta 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2004.01.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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