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Xie R, Xu W, Bao W, Liu H, Chen L, Shen Y, Zhu J. Establishing a protein expression profile database for the normal human pituitary gland using two-dimensional high-performance liquid chromatography combined with LTQ-Orbitrap mass spectrometry. Neural Regen Res 2012; 7:2922-8. [PMID: 25317145 PMCID: PMC4190951 DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-5374.2012.36.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2012] [Accepted: 07/06/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we selected adult normal pituitary gland tissues from six patients during operations for pituitary microadenomas via the transsphenoidal approach for extended normal pituitary tissue resection around the tumor, and analyzed the protein expression of human normal pituitary using two-dimensional high-performance liquid chromatography combined with LTQ-Orbitrap mass spectrometry proteomics technology. The ten most highly expressed proteins in normal human pituitary were: alpha 3 type VI collagen isoform 5 precursor (abundance among tall pituitary proteins, 1.30%), fibrinogen beta chain preproprotein (0.99%), vimentin (0.73%), prolactin (0.69%), ATP synthase, H+ transporting and mitochondrial F1 complex beta subunit precursor (0.52%), keratin I (0.49%), growth hormone (0.45%), carbonic anhydrase I (0.40%), heat shock protein 90 kDa I (0.31%), and annexin V (0.30%). Based on the biological function classifications of these proteins, the top three categories by content were neuroendocrine proteins (abundance among all pituitary proteins, 40.1%), catalytic and metabolic proteins (28.3%), and cell signal transduction proteins (9.8%). Based on cell positioning classification, the top three categories were cell organelle (24.5%), membrane (20.8%), and cytoplasm (13.0%). Based on biological process classification, the top three categories of proteins are involved in physiological processes (42.9%), cellular processes (40.4%), and regulation of biological processes (9.1%). Our experimental findings indicate that a protein expression profile database of normal human pituitary can be precisely and efficiently established by proteomics technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Xie
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Wei Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Weimin Bao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Hang Liu
- Institution of Biological Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Luping Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Yiwen Shen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Jianhong Zhu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
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Kikuchi T, Hassanein M, Amann JM, Liu Q, Slebos RJC, Rahman SMJ, Kaufman JM, Zhang X, Hoeksema MD, Harris BK, Li M, Shyr Y, Gonzalez AL, Zimmerman LJ, Liebler DC, Massion PP, Carbone DP. In-depth proteomic analysis of nonsmall cell lung cancer to discover molecular targets and candidate biomarkers. Mol Cell Proteomics 2012; 11:916-32. [PMID: 22761400 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.m111.015370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Advances in proteomic analysis of human samples are driving critical aspects of biomarker discovery and the identification of molecular pathways involved in disease etiology. Toward that end, in this report we are the first to use a standardized shotgun proteomic analysis method for in-depth tissue protein profiling of the two major subtypes of nonsmall cell lung cancer and normal lung tissues. We identified 3621 proteins from the analysis of pooled human samples of squamous cell carcinoma, adenocarcinoma, and control specimens. In addition to proteins previously shown to be implicated in lung cancer, we have identified new pathways and multiple new differentially expressed proteins of potential interest as therapeutic targets or diagnostic biomarkers, including some that were not identified by transcriptome profiling. Up-regulation of these proteins was confirmed by multiple reaction monitoring mass spectrometry. A subset of these proteins was found to be detectable and differentially present in the peripheral blood of cases and matched controls. Label-free shotgun proteomic analysis allows definition of lung tumor proteomes, identification of biomarker candidates, and potential targets for therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takefumi Kikuchi
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
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Tan F, Jiang Y, Sun N, Chen Z, Lv Y, Shao K, Li N, Qiu B, Gao Y, Li B, Tan X, Zhou F, Wang Z, Ding D, Wang J, Sun J, Hang J, Shi S, Feng X, He F, He J. Identification of isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 as a potential diagnostic and prognostic biomarker for non-small cell lung cancer by proteomic analysis. Mol Cell Proteomics 2011; 11:M111.008821. [PMID: 22064513 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.m111.008821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related death in the world. To explore tumor biomarkers for clinical application, two-dimensional fluorescence difference gel electrophoresis and subsequent MALDI-TOF/TOF mass spectrometry were performed to identify proteins differentially expressed in 12 pairs of lung squamous cell tumors and their corresponding normal tissues. A total of 28 nonredundant proteins were identified with significant alteration in lung tumors. The up-regulation of isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 (IDH1), superoxide dismutase 2, 14-3-3ε, and receptor of activated protein kinase C1 and the down-regulation of peroxiredoxin 2 in tumors were validated by RT-PCR and Western blot analysis in independent 15 pairs of samples. Increased IDH1 expression was further verified by the immunohistochemical study in extended 73 squamous cell carcinoma and 64 adenocarcinoma clinical samples. A correlation between IDH1 expression and poor overall survival of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients was observed. Furthermore, ELISA analysis showed that the plasma level of IDH1 was significantly elevated in NSCLC patients compared with benign lung disease patients and healthy individuals. In addition, knockdown of IDH1 by RNA interference suppressed the proliferation of NSCLC cell line and decreased the growth of xenograft tumors in vivo. These observations suggested that IDH1, as a protein promoting tumor growth, could be used as a plasma biomarker for diagnosis and a histochemical biomarker for prognosis prediction of NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengwei Tan
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100021, China
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Li Y, Liang Q, Wen YQ, Chen LL, Wang LT, Liu YL, Luo CQ, Liang HZ, Li MT, Li Z. Comparative proteomics analysis of human osteosarcomas and benign tumor of bone. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010; 198:97-106. [PMID: 20362224 DOI: 10.1016/j.cancergencyto.2010.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2009] [Revised: 01/02/2010] [Accepted: 01/03/2010] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
We conducted comparative proteomic analysis of osteosarcoma, with hopes of identifying the specific protein markers of osteosarcoma and improve the understanding of tumorigenesis and progression of osteosarcoma. Proteins extracted from osteosarcoma tissue and benign bone tumors, including osteoblastoma, chondroblastoma, and giant cell tumor of bone, were examined using two-dimensional gel electrophoresis followed by mass spectrometry analysis and database searches. We also validated the expression levels of interesting proteins by Western blotting assay and immunohistochemical staining. Intensity alterations of 30 spots were detected in osteosarcoma, and 18 of these spots were finally identified, including 12 up-regulated proteins and 6 down-regulated ones. The up-regulated proteins include VIM, TUBA1C, ZNF133, EZR, ACTG1, TF, and so on. The six down-regulated proteins include ADCY1, ATP5B, TUBB, RCN3, ACTB, and YWHAZ. Subsequent immunohistochemical staining and Western blotting assay for TUBA1C and ZNF133 in osteosarcoma samples confirmed the observation obtained by proteomic analysis. Our results suggest that these identified proteins may be potential biomarkers for osteosarcoma tumorigenesis and therapeutics. Aberrant expression of cytoskeletal- and microtubule-associated proteins in osteosarcoma may provide an advantage for tumor invasion and metastasis by affecting the stability of microtubule, which consequently influences the prognosis of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Li
- Department of Pathology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
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Nicholas BL, O'Connor CD, Djukanovic R. From Proteomics to Prescription—The Search for COPD Biomarkers. COPD 2009; 6:298-303. [DOI: 10.1080/15412550903049140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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Abstract
Proteomic studies have generated numerous datasets of potential diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic significance in human cancer. Two key technologies underpinning these studies in cancer tissue are two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (2D-PAGE) and mass spectrometry (MS). Although surface-enhanced laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight (SELDI-TOF)-MS is the mainstay for serum or plasma analysis, other methods including isotope-coded affinity tag technology, reverse-phase protein arrays, and antibody microarrays are emerging as alternative proteomic technologies. Because there is little overlap between studies conducted with these approaches, confirmation of these advanced technologies remains an elusive goal. This problem is further exacerbated by lack of uniform patient inclusion and exclusion criteria, low patient numbers, poor supporting clinical data, absence of standardized sample preparation, and limited analytical reproducibility (in particular of 2D-PAGE). Despite these problems, there is little doubt that the proteomic approach has the potential to identify novel diagnostic biomarkers in cancer. In therapeutic proteomics, the challenge is significant due to the complexity systems under investigation (i.e., cells generate over 10(5) different polypeptides). However, the most significant contribution of therapeutic proteomics research is expected to derive not from single experiments, but from the synthesis and comparison of large datasets obtained under different conditions (e.g., normal, inflammation, cancer) and in different tissues and organs. Thus, standardized processes for storing and retrieving data obtained with different technologies by different research groups will have to be developed. Shifting the emphasis of cancer proteomics from technology development and data generation to careful study design, data organization, formatting, and mining is crucial to answer clinical questions in cancer research.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Reymond
- Department of Surgery, University of Magdeburg, Germany
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Onda T, Uzawa K, Endo Y, Bukawa H, Yokoe H, Shibahara T, Tanzawa H. Ubiquitous mitochondrial creatine kinase downregulated in oral squamous cell carcinoma. Br J Cancer 2006; 94:698-709. [PMID: 16479256 PMCID: PMC2361206 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjc.6602986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we performed two-dimensional electrophoresis (2-DE) and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionisation time of fly mass spectrometry to identify the protein(s) associated with the development of oral squamous cell carcinomas (OSCCs) by comparing patterns of OSCC-derived cell lines with normal oral keratinocytes (NOKs), and found that downregulation of ubiquitous mitochondrial creatine kinase (CKMT1) could be a good candidate. Decreased levels of CKMT1 mRNA and protein were detected in all OSCC-derived cell lines examined (n=9) when compared to those in primary normal oral keratinocytes. Although no sequence variation in the coding region of the CKMT1 gene with the exception of a nonsense mutation in exon 8 was identified in these cell lines, we found a frequent hypermethylation in the CpG island region. CKMT1 expression was restored by experimental demethylation. In addition, when we transfected CKMT1 into the cell lines, they showed an apoptotic phenotype but no invasiveness. In clinical samples, high frequencies of CKMT1 downregulation were detected by immunohistochemistry (19 of 52 (37%)) and quantitative real-time RT-PCR (21 of 50 (42%)). Furthermore, the CKMT1 expression status was significantly correlated with tumour differentiation (P<0.0001). These results suggest that the CKMT1 gene is frequently inactivated during oral carcinogenesis and that an epigenetic mechanism may regulate loss of expression, which may lead to block apoptosis.
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MESH Headings
- Apoptosis
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/enzymology
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/genetics
- Cell Line, Tumor
- CpG Islands
- Creatine Kinase, Mitochondrial Form/biosynthesis
- Creatine Kinase, Mitochondrial Form/genetics
- DNA Methylation
- Down-Regulation
- Electrophoresis, Gel, Two-Dimensional
- Exons
- Gene Expression Profiling
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
- Humans
- Immunohistochemistry
- Keratinocytes/enzymology
- Mouth Neoplasms/enzymology
- Mouth Neoplasms/genetics
- RNA, Messenger/analysis
- Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization
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Affiliation(s)
- T Onda
- Department of Oral and Maxillo-Facial Surgery, Tokyo Dental College, 1-2-2 Masago, Mihama-ku Chiba 261-8502, Japan
| | - K Uzawa
- Department of Clinical Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku Chiba 260-8670, Japan
- Division of Dentistry and Oral-Maxillofacial Surgery, Chiba University Hospital, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku Chiba 260-8677, Japan
- Department of Clinical Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku Chiba 260-8670, Japan; E-mail:
| | - Y Endo
- Department of Clinical Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku Chiba 260-8670, Japan
| | - H Bukawa
- Division of Dentistry and Oral-Maxillofacial Surgery, Chiba University Hospital, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku Chiba 260-8677, Japan
| | - H Yokoe
- Division of Dentistry and Oral-Maxillofacial Surgery, Chiba University Hospital, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku Chiba 260-8677, Japan
| | - T Shibahara
- Department of Oral and Maxillo-Facial Surgery, Tokyo Dental College, 1-2-2 Masago, Mihama-ku Chiba 261-8502, Japan
| | - H Tanzawa
- Department of Clinical Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku Chiba 260-8670, Japan
- Division of Dentistry and Oral-Maxillofacial Surgery, Chiba University Hospital, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku Chiba 260-8677, Japan
- The 21st Century Center of Excellence (COE) program, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku Chiba 260-8670, Japan
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