Association between p53 Pro72Arg polymorphism and prostate cancer risk: a meta-analysis

Association of the rs1042522 SNP with prostate cancer risk: a study of cancer tissues, primary tumor cultures, and serum samples from a Spanish Caucasian population

Background

Prostate cancer (PCa) is a leading cause of cancer-related deaths in European men, emphasizing the urgent need for effective risk assessment strategies. The TP53 gene, a tumor suppressor gene frequently mutated in cancer, commonly harbors the rs1042522 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP), known as the P72R SNP, which may influence PCa susceptibility. This study investigated the prevalence of the P72R SNP in European Caucasian PCa samples and its association with PCa risk.

Methods

Genotyping was conducted on 12 hormone-naïve aggressive PCa cultures (hnPCs) from untreated patients (Gleason ≥8), 11 radical prostatectomies (RP), and 94 serum samples using DNA Sanger sequencing and melting curve analysis. Comparative analysis utilized data from the GnomAD database's European Caucasian non-cancer population.

Results

Our results demonstrate a significantly higher frequency of the P72R SNP in PCa samples and serums compared to the general European non-cancer population. A robust and statistically significant association (p < 0.0001) between the SNP and prostate cancer risk was identified, with an odds ratio of 7.937 (95% CI 5.37-11.00). Notably, the G allele (R72) showed a pronounced prevalence in high Gleason score (≥8) patients, although statistical significance was not reached. These results highlight a potential association with undifferentiated and malignant PCa lesions.

Conclusion

The compelling association between the P72R SNP and prostate cancer risk underscores the potential utility of this marker for the early identification of patients at risk of aggressive metastatic prostate cancer. This insight could empower further research to intervene at an early stage by offering enhanced opportunities for timely and targeted interventions.

MDM2 and P53 polymorphisms contribute together to the risk and survival of prostate cancer

The p53 gene and MDM2 gene play critical roles in cell cycle arrest and apoptosis together. Here, we evaluated the associations of prostate cancer risk and survival with the joint effects of mdm2 and p53 polymorphisms. Totally 1,193 cases and 1,310 age frequency-matched controls were included in the study. Prostate cancer patients were followed to determine the intervals of overall survival and disease-free survival. The Pro⁷²Arg Pro allele (homozygous and heterozygous) were significantly associated with prostate cancer risk with an odds ratio (OR) of 0.77 [95% confidence interval(CI), 0.64-0.93]. SNP309 T alleles were associated with a significantly decreased prostate cancer risk among Pro⁷²Arg Pro alleles carriers (OR=0.79, 95% CI, 0.64-0.98). In addition, comparedwith the Pro⁷²Arg Pro alleles and SNP309 G homozygous, patients carrying both SNP309 T alleles and Pro⁷²Arg Arg homozygous had more favorable disease-free survival (hazard ratio [HR] = 0.59, 95% CI, 0.38-0.93). Our results indicated that SNP309 and Pro⁷²Arg polymorphisms may jointly contributeto the etiology and prognosis of prostate cancer.

Association of p53 Codon 72 Polymorphism with Breast Cancer in a Rwandese Population

BACKGROUND AND AIMS

A common polymorphism in the tumor suppressor gene p53 at codon 72 has been suggested to play a role in the development of a number of cancers. This polymorphism has been studied in many populations worldwide, with conflicting results. The present study was planned to assess the association of p53 codon 72 polymorphism with breast cancer development in a Rwandese population.

METHODS

In this study, the polymorphism was examined by allele-specific PCR analysis in 40 patients with breast cancer and 39 healthy controls.

RESULTS

The heterozygous genotype Pro/Arg prevailed in both breast cancer patients and controls, and was present in 80% (32/40) and 92.3% (36/39) of cases, respectively. No statistically significant association was observed between p53 codon 72 polymorphism and breast cancer risk. Distribution of p53 genotypes was also studied according to familial history, tumor grade, and clinical stage, and results clearly showed no statistically significant difference.

CONCLUSION

These results suggest that p53 codon 72 polymorphism could not be assessed as a risk factor marker for predisposition to breast cancer in Rwanda. However, further studies using larger sample sizes are needed to provide more conclusive results and to investigate other genetic mutations affecting the activity of p53.

Evaluation of the p53 Arg72Pro polymorphism and its association with cancer risk: a HuGE review and meta-analysis

Codon 72 is a hotspot of polymorphisms in the TP53 gene, which encodes a hub protein in the protein-protein interaction network of p53. It is thus a central player in the apoptotic pathway, preventing cancer. A large number of articles have been published exploring its association with an increased susceptibility to most common cancers. However, these studies have produced inconclusive results, which may be due to their small sample sizes or study designs. To comprehensively evaluate the potential correlation between the TP53 Pro72Arg polymorphism and cancer risk and to better characterize the Pro72Arg polymorphism, we performed a systematic HuGE review and meta-analysis of candidate studies through online resources, according to the proposal of MOOSE and the PRISMA statement. The identified articles were carefully examined according to the inclusion criteria. Pooled odds ratios were calculated on the basis of different genetic models, while heterogeneity was assessed through a chi-based Q-test and I2. After applying the inclusion filters, we obtained a pool of 54 eligible studies, representing 18 718 cases and 21 261 controls. Overall, non-significant cancer risk was observed in all the genetic models but their observed heterogeneity was extremely significant. In subgroup analysis, an increased susceptibility was observed in the case of colorectal cancer, while in cancers of the female reproductive system, significantly increased risk was detected in all the genetic models except the dominant model. In another subgroup analysis, significantly increased cancer risk was observed among Asians in homozygous and recessive models, while in Americans increased cancer risk was observed only in dominant and recessive models. No association was observed in the rest of the populations. In conclusion, pooled subgroup analysis on the basis of ethnicity proved that the TP53 Arg72Pro polymorphism is associated with an increased risk of cancer in Asians and Americans only and is not associated in other populations. It can therefore be concluded that this meta-analysis of available data suggests partial confirmation of the association between the TP53 Arg72Pro polymorphism and cancer risk susceptibility.