1
|
Busa P, Kuthati Y, Huang N, Wong CS. New Advances on Pathophysiology of Diabetes Neuropathy and Pain Management: Potential Role of Melatonin and DPP-4 Inhibitors. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:864088. [PMID: 35496279 PMCID: PMC9039240 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.864088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Pre-diabetes and diabetes are growing threats to the modern world. Diabetes mellitus (DM) is associated with comorbidities such as hypertension (83.40%), obesity (90.49%), and dyslipidemia (93.43%), creating a substantial burden on patients and society. Reductive and oxidative (Redox) stress level imbalance and inflammation play an important role in DM progression. Various therapeutics have been investigated to treat these neuronal complications. Melatonin and dipeptidyl peptidase IV inhibitors (DPP-4i) are known to possess powerful antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties and have garnered significant attention in the recent years. In this present review article, we have reviewed the recently published reports on the therapeutic efficiency of melatonin and DPP-4i in the treatment of DM. We summarized the efficacy of melatonin and DPP-4i in DM and associated complications of diabetic neuropathy (DNP) and neuropathic pain. Furthermore, we discussed the mechanisms of action and their efficacy in the alleviation of oxidative stress in DM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Prabhakar Busa
- Department of Anesthesiology, Cathay General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yaswanth Kuthati
- Department of Anesthesiology, Cathay General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Niancih Huang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tri-Service General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Grauate Institute of Medical Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Shung Wong
- Department of Anesthesiology, Cathay General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tri-Service General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Grauate Institute of Medical Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
- *Correspondence: Chih-Shung Wong,
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Braga KMS, Araujo EG, Sellke FW, Abid MR. Pequi Fruit Extract Increases Antioxidant Enzymes and Reduces Oxidants in Human Coronary Artery Endothelial Cells. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11030474. [PMID: 35326129 PMCID: PMC8944551 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11030474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Revised: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) imbalance results in endothelial cell function impairment. Natural phenolic antioxidant compounds have been investigated as therapeutic alternatives. The fruit bark of Brazilian-native pequi (Caryocar brasiliense, Camb.) is rich in polyphenols. The HPLC-MS (High-Performance Liquid Chromatography coupled with Mass Spectrometry) analyses identified gallic acid and catechin in six out of seven ethanolic extract samples prepared in our lab. In this study, we examined the effects of ethanolic pequi extract on ROS levels in human coronary artery endothelial cells (HCAEC) subjected to hypoxia or oxidative stress. We first confirmed the oxidant scavenging capacity of the extract. Then, HCAEC pre-incubated with 10 or 25 μg/mL of extract were subjected to hypoxia for 48 h or 100 μM H2O2 for six hours and compared to the normoxia group. Total and mitochondrial ROS levels and cell proliferation were measured. Pequi significantly reduced cytosolic HCAEC ROS levels in all conditions. Mitochondrial ROS were also reduced, except in hypoxia with 10 μg/mL of extract. HCAEC proliferation increased when treated with 25 μg/mL extract under hypoxia and after H2O2 addition. Additionally, pequi upregulated oxidative stress defense enzymes superoxide dismutase (SOD-)1, SOD-2, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase. Together, these findings demonstrate that pequi bark extract increases antioxidative enzyme levels, decreases ROS, and favors HACEC proliferation, pointing to a protective effect against oxidative stress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karla M. S. Braga
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Cardiovascular Research Center, Rhode Island Hospital, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI 02903, USA; (K.M.S.B.); (F.W.S.)
| | - Eugenio G. Araujo
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Goias, Goiania 74690-900, Brazil;
| | - Frank W. Sellke
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Cardiovascular Research Center, Rhode Island Hospital, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI 02903, USA; (K.M.S.B.); (F.W.S.)
| | - M. Ruhul Abid
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Cardiovascular Research Center, Rhode Island Hospital, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI 02903, USA; (K.M.S.B.); (F.W.S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-(401)444-6527
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Bhat OM, Yuan X, Li G, Lee R, Li PL. Sphingolipids and Redox Signaling in Renal Regulation and Chronic Kidney Diseases. Antioxid Redox Signal 2018; 28:1008-1026. [PMID: 29121774 PMCID: PMC5849286 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2017.7129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2017] [Revised: 10/30/2017] [Accepted: 11/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Significance: Sphingolipids play critical roles in the membrane biology and intracellular signaling events that influence cellular behavior and function. Our review focuses on the cellular mechanisms and functional relevance of the cross talk between sphingolipids and redox signaling, which may be critically implicated in the pathogenesis of different renal diseases. Recent Advances: Reactive oxygen species (ROS) and sphingolipids can regulate cellular redox homeostasis through the regulation of NADPH oxidase, mitochondrial integrity, nitric oxide synthase (NOS), and antioxidant enzymes. Over the last two decades, there have been significant advancements in the field of sphingolipid research, and it was in 2010 for the first time that sphingolipid receptor modulator was exploited as a therapeutic in humans. The cross talk of sphingolipids with redox signaling pathways becomes an important mechanism in the development of many different diseases such as renal diseases. Critical Issues: The critical issues to be addressed in this review are how sphingolipids interact with the redox signaling pathway to regulate renal function and even result in chronic kidney diseases. Ceramide, sphingosine, and sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) as main signaling sphingolipids are discussed in more detail. Future Directions: Although sphingolipids and ROS may mediate or modulate cellular responses to physiological and pathological stimuli, more translational studies and mechanistic pursuit in a tissue- or cell-specific way are needed to enhance our understanding of this important topic and to develop effective therapeutic strategies to treat diseases associated with redox signaling and sphingolipid cross talk. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 28, 1008-1026.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Owais M Bhat
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Xinxu Yuan
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Guangbi Li
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | - RaMi Lee
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Pin-Lan Li
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
van den Heuvel M, Sorop O, van Ditzhuijzen NS, de Vries R, van Duin RWB, Peters I, van Loon JE, de Maat MP, van Beusekom HM, van der Giessen WJ, Jan Danser AH, Duncker DJ. The effect of bioresorbable vascular scaffold implantation on distal coronary endothelial function in dyslipidemic swine with and without diabetes. Int J Cardiol 2017; 252:44-51. [PMID: 29191384 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2017.11.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2017] [Revised: 10/03/2017] [Accepted: 11/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We studied the effect of bioresorbable vascular scaffold (BVS) implantation on distal coronary endothelial function, in swine on a high fat diet without (HFD) or with diabetes (DM+HFD). METHODS Five DM+HFD and five HFD swine underwent BVS implantation on top of coronary plaques, and were studied six months later. Conduit artery segments >5mm proximal and distal to the scaffold and corresponding segments of non-scaffolded coronary arteries, and segments of small arteries within the flow-territory of scaffolded and non-scaffolded arteries were harvested for in vitro vasoreactivity studies. RESULTS Conduit segments proximal and distal of the BVS edges showed reduced endothelium-dependent vasodilation as compared to control vessels (p≤0.01), with distal segments being most prominently affected(p≤0.01). Endothelial dysfunction was only observed in DM±HFD swine and was principally due to a loss of NO. Endothelium-independent vasodilation and vasoconstriction were unaffected. Surprisingly, segments from the microcirculation distal to the BVS showed enhanced endothelium-dependent vasodilation (p<0.01), whereas endothelium-independent vasodilation and vasoconstriction were unaltered. This enhanced vasorelaxation was only observed in DM+HFD swine, and did not appear to be either NO- or EDHF-mediated. CONCLUSIONS Six months of BVS implantation in DM+HFD swine causes NO-mediated endothelial dysfunction in nearby coronary segments, which is accompanied by a, possibly compensatory, increase in endothelial function of the distal microcirculation. Endothelial dysfunction extending into coronary conduit segments beyond the implantation-site, is in agreement with recent reports expressing concern for late scaffold thrombosis and of early BVS failure in diabetic patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mieke van den Heuvel
- Department of Cardiology, Thoraxcenter, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Internal Medicine Sector Pharmacology and Metabolic Diseases, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Netherlands Heart Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Oana Sorop
- Department of Cardiology, Thoraxcenter, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Netherlands Heart Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Nienke S van Ditzhuijzen
- Department of Cardiology, Thoraxcenter, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - René de Vries
- Department of Internal Medicine Sector Pharmacology and Metabolic Diseases, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Richard W B van Duin
- Department of Cardiology, Thoraxcenter, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ilona Peters
- Department of Cardiology, Thoraxcenter, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Janine E van Loon
- Department of Cardiology, Thoraxcenter, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Hematology, Cardiovascular Research School COEUR, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Moniek P de Maat
- Department of Hematology, Cardiovascular Research School COEUR, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Heleen M van Beusekom
- Department of Cardiology, Thoraxcenter, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Wim J van der Giessen
- Department of Cardiology, Thoraxcenter, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Netherlands Heart Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - A H Jan Danser
- Department of Internal Medicine Sector Pharmacology and Metabolic Diseases, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Dirk J Duncker
- Department of Cardiology, Thoraxcenter, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Netherlands Heart Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Shafique E, Torina A, Reichert K, Colantuono B, Nur N, Zeeshan K, Ravichandran V, Liu Y, Feng J, Zeeshan K, Benjamin LE, Irani K, Harrington EO, Sellke FW, Abid MR. Mitochondrial redox plays a critical role in the paradoxical effects of NAPDH oxidase-derived ROS on coronary endothelium. Cardiovasc Res 2017; 113:234-246. [PMID: 28088753 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvw249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2016] [Revised: 12/25/2016] [Accepted: 12/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS There are conflicting reports on the role of reactive oxygen species (ROS) i.e. beneficial vs. harmful, in vascular endothelium. Here, we aim to examine whether duration of exposure to ROS and/or subcellular ROS levels are responsible for the apparently paradoxical effects of oxidants on endothelium. METHODS AND RESULTS We have recently generated binary (Tet-ON/OFF) conditional transgenic mice (Tet-Nox2:VE-Cad-tTA) that can induce 1.8 ± 0.42-fold increase in NADPH oxidase (NOX)-derived ROS specifically in vascular endothelium upon withdrawal of tetracycline from the drinking water. Animals were divided in two groups: one exposed to high endogenous ROS levels for 8 weeks (short-term) and the other for 20 weeks (long-term). Using endothelial cells (EC) isolated from mouse hearts (MHEC), we demonstrate that both short-term and long-term increase in NOX-ROS induced AMPK-mediated activation of eNOS. Interestingly, although endothelium-dependent nitric oxide (NO)-mediated coronary vasodilation was significantly increased after short-term increase in NOX-ROS, coronary vasodilation was drastically reduced after long-term increase in ROS. We also show that short-term ROS increase induced proliferation in EC and angiogenic sprouting in the aorta. In contrast, long-term increase in cytosolic ROS resulted in nitrotyrosine-mediated inactivation of mitochondrial (mito) antioxidant MnSOD, increase in mito-ROS, loss of mitochondrial membrane potential (Δψm), decreased EC proliferation and angiogenesis. CONCLUSION The findings suggest that NOX-derived ROS results in increased mito-ROS. Whereas short-term increase in mito-ROS was counteracted by MnSOD, long-term increase in ROS resulted in nitrotyrosine-mediated inactivation of MnSOD, leading to unchecked increase in mito-ROS and loss of Δψm followed by inhibition of endothelial function and proliferation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ehtesham Shafique
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Rhode Island Hospital, 1 Hoppin St, Providence, RI 02903, USA
| | - Anali Torina
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Rhode Island Hospital, 1 Hoppin St, Providence, RI 02903, USA
| | - Karla Reichert
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Rhode Island Hospital, 1 Hoppin St, Providence, RI 02903, USA
| | - Bonnie Colantuono
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Rhode Island Hospital, 1 Hoppin St, Providence, RI 02903, USA
| | - Nasifa Nur
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Rhode Island Hospital, 1 Hoppin St, Providence, RI 02903, USA
| | - Khawaja Zeeshan
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Rhode Island Hospital, 1 Hoppin St, Providence, RI 02903, USA
| | - Vani Ravichandran
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Rhode Island Hospital, 1 Hoppin St, Providence, RI 02903, USA
| | - Yuhong Liu
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Rhode Island Hospital, 1 Hoppin St, Providence, RI 02903, USA.,Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, 593 Eddy St, Providence, RI 02903, USA
| | - Jun Feng
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Rhode Island Hospital, 1 Hoppin St, Providence, RI 02903, USA.,Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, 593 Eddy St, Providence, RI 02903, USA
| | - Khawaja Zeeshan
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Rhode Island Hospital, 1 Hoppin St, Providence, RI 02903, USA
| | | | - Kaikobad Irani
- University of Iowa Carver School of Medicine, Iowa, IA, USA
| | - Elizabeth O Harrington
- Providence VA Medical Center, Providence, RI, USA.,Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Frank W Sellke
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Rhode Island Hospital, 1 Hoppin St, Providence, RI 02903, USA.,Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, 593 Eddy St, Providence, RI 02903, USA
| | - Md Ruhul Abid
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Rhode Island Hospital, 1 Hoppin St, Providence, RI 02903, USA; .,Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, 593 Eddy St, Providence, RI 02903, USA.,Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Pernow J, Kiss A, Tratsiakovich Y, Climent B. Tissue-specific up-regulation of arginase I and II induced by p38 MAPK mediates endothelial dysfunction in type 1 diabetes mellitus. Br J Pharmacol 2015; 172:4684-98. [PMID: 26140333 PMCID: PMC4594272 DOI: 10.1111/bph.13242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2015] [Revised: 05/13/2015] [Accepted: 06/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Emerging evidence suggests a selective up-regulation of arginase I in diabetes causing coronary artery disease; however, the mechanisms behind this up-regulation are still unknown. Activated p38 MAPK has been reported to increase arginase II in various cardiovascular diseases. We therefore tested the role of p38 MAPK in the regulation of arginase I and II expression and its effect on endothelial dysfunction in diabetes mellitus. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Endothelial function was determined in septal coronary (SCA), left anterior descending coronary (LAD) and mesenteric (MA) arteries from healthy and streptozotocin-induced diabetic Wistar rats by wire myographs. Arginase activity and protein levels of arginase I, II, phospho-p38 MAPK and phospho-endothelial NOS (eNOS) (Ser(1177) ) were determined in these arteries from diabetic and healthy rats treated with a p38 MAPK inhibitor in vivo. KEY RESULTS Diabetic SCA and MA displayed impaired endothelium-dependent relaxation, which was prevented by arginase and p38 MAPK inhibition while LAD relaxation was not affected. Arginase I, phospho-p38 MAPK and eNOS protein expression was increased in diabetic coronary arteries. In diabetic MA, however, increased expression of arginase II and phospho-p38 MAPK, increased arginase activity and decreased expression of eNOS were observed. All these effects were reversed by p38 MAPK inhibition. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS Diabetes-induced activation of p38 MAPK causes endothelial dysfunction via selective up-regulation of arginase I expression in coronary arteries and arginase II expression in MA. Therefore, regional differences appear to exist in the arginase isoforms contributing to endothelial dysfunction in type 1 diabetes mellitus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Pernow
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - A Kiss
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Y Tratsiakovich
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - B Climent
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Lim S, Barter P. Antioxidant effects of statins in the management of cardiometabolic disorders. J Atheroscler Thromb 2014; 21:997-1010. [PMID: 25132378 DOI: 10.5551/jat.24398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Redox systems are key players in vascular health. A shift in redox homeostasis-that results in an imbalance between reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and endogenous antioxidant defenses has the potential to create a state of oxidative stress that subsequently plays a role in the pathogenesis of a number of diseases, including those of the cardiovascular and metabolic system. Statins, which are primarily used to reduce the concentration of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, have also been shown to reduce oxidative stress by modulating redox systems. Studies conducted both in vitro and in vivo support the role of oxidative stress in the development of atherosclerosis and cardiovascular diseases. Oxidative stress may also be responsible for various diabetic complications and the development of fatty liver. Statins reduce oxidative stress by blocking the generation of ROS and reducing the NAD+/NADH ratio. These drugs also have effects on nitric oxide synthase, lipid peroxidation and the adiponectin levels. It is possible that the antioxidant properties of statins contribute to their protective cardiovascular effects, independent of the lipid-lowering actions of these agents. However, possible adverse effects of statins on glucose homeostasis may be related to the redox system. Therefore, studies investigating the modulation of redox signaling by statins are warranted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Soo Lim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine
| | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
|
9
|
Henriksen EJ. A radical concept on caveolae and endothelial dysfunction in coronary microvascular disease in diabetes. Diabetes 2014; 63:1200-2. [PMID: 24651806 DOI: 10.2337/db14-0057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Erik J Henriksen
- Department of Physiology, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson, AZ
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Abstract
General use and popularity of over-the-counter supplemental antioxidants have rapidly spread all over the world and are believed to promote cardiovascular health and wellbeing. However, there is a paucity of information and lack of proof that physiological and above-physiological levels of oxidants do harm at the cellular and organismal levels. Instead, several reports demonstrated that reduction in Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) did not improve vascular function. Interestingly, recent studies show that increased ROS levels play protective role in vascular endothelium and may improve coronary endothelial function. In the current review, we introduce the concept that increased ROS levels, often seen in association with cardiovascular disease, probably is an endothelial-way or ‘oxidative response’ to cope with vascular pathology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Ruhul Abid
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Department of Surgery, Rhode Island Hospital, Brown University Warren Alpert Medical School, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Frank W Sellke
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Department of Surgery, Rhode Island Hospital, Brown University Warren Alpert Medical School, Providence, RI, USA
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Li PL, Zhang Y. Cross talk between ceramide and redox signaling: implications for endothelial dysfunction and renal disease. Handb Exp Pharmacol 2013:171-97. [PMID: 23563657 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-7091-1511-4_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Recent studies have demonstrated that cross talk between ceramide and redox signaling modulates various cell activities and functions and contributes to the development of cardiovascular diseases and renal dysfunctions. Ceramide triggers the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and increases oxidative stress in many mammalian cells and animal models. On the other hand, inhibition of ROS-generating enzymes or treatment of antioxidants impairs sphingomyelinase activation and ceramide production. As a mechanism, ceramide-enriched signaling platforms, special cell membrane rafts (MR) (formerly lipid rafts), provide an important microenvironment to mediate the cross talk of ceramide and redox signaling to exert a corresponding regulatory role on cell and organ functions. In this regard, activation of acid sphingomyelinase and generation of ceramide mediate the formation of ceramide-enriched membrane platforms, where transmembrane signals are transmitted or amplified through recruitment, clustering, assembling, or integration of various signaling molecules. A typical such signaling platform is MR redox signaling platform that is centered on ceramide production and aggregation leading to recruitment and assembling of NADPH oxidase to form an active complex in the cell plasma membrane. This redox signaling platform not only conducts redox signaling or regulation but also facilitates a feedforward amplification of both ceramide and redox signaling. In addition to this membrane MR redox signaling platform, the cross talk between ceramide and redox signaling may occur in other cell compartments. This book chapter focuses on the molecular mechanisms, spatial-temporal regulations, and implications of this cross talk between ceramide and redox signaling, which may provide novel insights into the understanding of both ceramide and redox signaling pathways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pin-Lan Li
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA.
| | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Jin S, Zhou F, Katirai F, Li PL. Lipid raft redox signaling: molecular mechanisms in health and disease. Antioxid Redox Signal 2011; 15:1043-83. [PMID: 21294649 PMCID: PMC3135227 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2010.3619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Lipid rafts, the sphingolipid and cholesterol-enriched membrane microdomains, are able to form different membrane macrodomains or platforms upon stimulations, including redox signaling platforms, which serve as a critical signaling mechanism to mediate or regulate cellular activities or functions. In particular, this raft platform formation provides an important driving force for the assembling of NADPH oxidase subunits and the recruitment of other related receptors, effectors, and regulatory components, resulting, in turn, in the activation of NADPH oxidase and downstream redox regulation of cell functions. This comprehensive review attempts to summarize all basic and advanced information about the formation, regulation, and functions of lipid raft redox signaling platforms as well as their physiological and pathophysiological relevance. Several molecular mechanisms involving the formation of lipid raft redox signaling platforms and the related therapeutic strategies targeting them are discussed. It is hoped that all information and thoughts included in this review could provide more comprehensive insights into the understanding of lipid raft redox signaling, in particular, of their molecular mechanisms, spatial-temporal regulations, and physiological, pathophysiological relevances to human health and diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Si Jin
- Department of Pharmacology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Granger DN, Rodrigues SF, Yildirim A, Senchenkova EY. Microvascular responses to cardiovascular risk factors. Microcirculation 2010; 17:192-205. [PMID: 20374483 DOI: 10.1111/j.1549-8719.2009.00015.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, diabetes, and obesity are among a growing list of conditions that have been designated as major risk factors for cardiovascular disease (CVD). While CVD risk factors are well known to enhance the development of atherosclerotic lesions in large arteries, there is also evidence that the structure and function of microscopic blood vessels can be profoundly altered by these conditions. The diverse responses of the microvasculature to CVD risk factors include oxidative stress, enhanced leukocyte- and platelet-endothelial cell adhesion, impaired endothelial barrier function, altered capillary proliferation, enhanced thrombosis, and vasomotor dysfunction. Emerging evidence indicates that a low-grade systemic inflammatory response that results from risk factor-induced cell activation and cell-cell interactions may underlie the phenotypic changes induced by risk factor exposure. A consequence of the altered microvascular phenotype and systemic inflammatory response is an enhanced vulnerability of tissues to the deleterious effects of secondary oxidative and inflammatory stresses, such as ischemia and reperfusion. Future efforts to develop therapies that prevent the harmful effects of risk factor-induced inflammation should focus on the microcirculation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D Neil Granger
- Department of Molecular & Cellular Physiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA 71130-3932, USA.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|