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Dinata R, Nisa N, Arati C, Rasmita B, Uditraj C, Siddhartha R, Bhanushree B, Saeed-Ahmed L, Manikandan B, Bidanchi RM, Abinash G, Pori B, Khushboo M, Roy VK, Gurusubramanian G. Repurposing immune boosting and anti-viral efficacy of Parkia bioactive entities as multi-target directed therapeutic approach for SARS-CoV-2: exploration of lead drugs by drug likeness, molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulation methods. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2024; 42:43-81. [PMID: 37021347 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2023.2192797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 04/07/2023]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has caused adverse health (severe respiratory, enteric and systemic infections) and environmental impacts that have threatened public health and the economy worldwide. Drug repurposing and small molecule multi-target directed herbal medicine therapeutic approaches are the most appropriate exploration strategies for SARS-CoV-2 drug discovery. This study identified potential multi-target-directed Parkia bioactive entities against SARS-CoV-2 receptors (S-protein, ACE2, TMPRSS2, RBD/ACE2, RdRp, MPro, and PLPro) using ADMET, drug-likeness, molecular docking (AutoDock, FireDock and HDOCK), molecular dynamics simulation and MM-PBSA tools. One thousand Parkia bioactive entities were screened out by virtual screening and forty-five bioactive phytomolecules were selected based on favorable binding affinity and acceptable pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamics properties. The binding affinity values of Parkia phyto-ligands (AutoDock: -6.00--10.40 kcal/mol; FireDock: -31.00--62.02 kcal/mol; and HDOCK: -150.0--294.93 kcal/mol) were observed to be higher than the reference antiviral drugs (AutoDock: -5.90--9.10 kcal/mol; FireDock: -35.64--59.35 kcal/mol; and HDOCK: -132.82--211.87 kcal/mol), suggesting a potent modulatory action of Parkia bioactive entities against the SARS-CoV-2. Didymin, rutin, epigallocatechin gallate, epicatechin-3-0-gallate, hyperin, ursolic acid, lupeol, stigmasta-5,24(28)-diene-3-ol, ellagic acid, apigenin, stigmasterol, and campesterol strongly bound with the multiple targets of the SARS-CoV-2 receptors, inhibiting viral entry, attachment, binding, replication, transcription, maturation, packaging and spread. Furthermore, ACE2, TMPRSS2, and MPro receptors possess significant molecular dynamic properties, including stability, compactness, flexibility and total binding energy. Residues GLU-589, and LEU-95 of ACE2, GLN-350, HIS-186, and ASP-257 of TMPRSS2, and GLU-14, MET-49, and GLN-189 of MPro receptors contributed to the formation of hydrogen bonds and binding interactions, playing vital roles in inhibiting the activity of the receptors. Promising results were achieved by developing multi-targeted antiviral Parkia bioactive entities as lead and prospective candidates under a small molecule strategy against SARS-CoV-2 pathogenesis. The antiviral activity of Parkia bioactive entities needs to be further validated by pre-clinical and clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roy Dinata
- Department of Zoology, Mizoram University, Aizawl, Mizoram, India
| | - Nisekhoto Nisa
- Department of Zoology, Mizoram University, Aizawl, Mizoram, India
| | - Chettri Arati
- Department of Zoology, Mizoram University, Aizawl, Mizoram, India
| | | | - Chetia Uditraj
- Department of Zoology, Mizoram University, Aizawl, Mizoram, India
| | | | | | | | - Bose Manikandan
- Department of Zoology, Mizoram University, Aizawl, Mizoram, India
| | | | - Giri Abinash
- Department of Zoology, Mizoram University, Aizawl, Mizoram, India
| | - Buragohain Pori
- Department of Zoology, Mizoram University, Aizawl, Mizoram, India
| | - Maurya Khushboo
- Department of Zoology, Mizoram University, Aizawl, Mizoram, India
| | - Vikas Kumar Roy
- Department of Zoology, Mizoram University, Aizawl, Mizoram, India
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Nisa N, Rasmita B, Arati C, Uditraj C, Siddhartha R, Dinata R, Bhanushree B, Bidanchi RM, Manikandan B, Laskar SA, Abinash G, Pori B, Roy VK, Gurusubramanian G. Repurposing of phyto-ligand molecules from the honey bee products for Alzheimer's disease as novel inhibitors of BACE-1: small molecule bioinformatics strategies as amyloid-based therapy. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:51143-51169. [PMID: 36808033 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-25943-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 04/16/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is one of the neurodegenerative diseases, manifesting dementia, spatial disorientation, language, cognitive, and functional impairment, mainly affects the elderly population with a growing concern about the financial burden on society. Repurposing can improve the traditional progress of drug design applications and could speed up the identification of innovative remedies for AD. The pursuit of potent anti-BACE-1 drugs for AD treatment has become a pot boiler topic in the recent past and to instigate the design of novel improved inhibitors from the bee products. Drug-likeness characteristics (ADMET: absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, and toxicity), docking (AutoDock Vina), simulation (GROMACS), and free energy interaction (MM-PBSA, molecular mechanics Poisson-Boltzmann surface area) analyses were performed to identify the lead candidates from the bee products (500 bioactives from the honey, royal jelly, propolis, bee bread, bee wax, and bee venom) for Alzheimer's disease as novel inhibitors of BACE-1 (beta-site amyloid precursor protein cleaving enzyme (1) receptor using appropriate bioinformatics tools. Forty-four bioactive lead compounds were screened from the bee products through high throughput virtual screening on the basis of their pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamics characteristics, showing favorable intestinal and oral absorption, bioavailability, blood brain barrier penetration, less skin permeability, and no inhibition of cytochrome P450 inhibitors. The docking score of the forty-four ligand molecules was found to be between -4 and -10.3 kcal/mol, respectively, exhibiting strong binding affinity to BACE1 receptor. The highest binding affinity was observed in the rutin (-10.3 kcal/mol), 3,4-dicaffeoylquinic acid (-9.5 kcal/mol), nemorosone (-9.5 kcal/mol), and luteolin (-8.9 kcal/mol). Furthermore, these compounds demonstrated high total binding energy -73.20 to -105.85 kJ/mol), and low root mean square deviation (0.194-0.202 nm), root mean square fluctuation (0.0985-0.1136 nm), radius of gyration (2.12 nm), number of H-bonds (0.778-5.436), and eigenvector values (2.39-3.54 nm2) in the molecular dynamic simulation, signifying restricted motion of Cα atoms, proper folding and flexibility, and highly stable with compact of the BACE1 receptor with the ligands. Docking and simulation studies concluded that rutin, 3,4-dicaffeoylquinic acid, nemorosone, and luteolin are plausibly used as novel inhibitors of BACE1 to combat AD, but further in-depth experimental investigations are warranted to prove these in silico findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nisekhoto Nisa
- Department of Zoology, Mizoram University, Aizawl, Mizoram, 796004, India
| | - Borgohain Rasmita
- Department of Zoology, Mizoram University, Aizawl, Mizoram, 796004, India
| | - Chettri Arati
- Department of Zoology, Mizoram University, Aizawl, Mizoram, 796004, India
| | - Chetia Uditraj
- Department of Zoology, Mizoram University, Aizawl, Mizoram, 796004, India
| | | | - Roy Dinata
- Department of Zoology, Mizoram University, Aizawl, Mizoram, 796004, India
| | - Baishya Bhanushree
- Department of Zoology, Mizoram University, Aizawl, Mizoram, 796004, India
| | | | - Bose Manikandan
- Department of Zoology, Mizoram University, Aizawl, Mizoram, 796004, India
| | - Saeed Ahmed Laskar
- Department of Zoology, Mizoram University, Aizawl, Mizoram, 796004, India
| | - Giri Abinash
- Department of Zoology, Mizoram University, Aizawl, Mizoram, 796004, India
| | - Buragohain Pori
- Department of Zoology, Mizoram University, Aizawl, Mizoram, 796004, India
| | - Vikas Kumar Roy
- Department of Zoology, Mizoram University, Aizawl, Mizoram, 796004, India
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Espíndola C. Some Nanocarrier's Properties and Chemical Interaction Mechanisms with Flavones. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28062864. [PMID: 36985836 PMCID: PMC10051830 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28062864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Revised: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/18/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Flavones such as 7,8-dihydroxyflavone (tropoflavin), 5,6,7-trihydroxyflavone (baicalein), 3',4',5,6-tetrahydroxyflavone (luteolin), 3,3',4',5,5',7-hexahydroxyflavone (myricetin), 4',5,7-trihydroxyflavone (apigenin), and 5,7-dihydroxyflavone (chrysin) are important both for their presence in natural products and for their pharmacological applications. However, due to their chemical characteristics and their metabolic processes, they have low solubility and low bioavailability. Knowledge about the physicochemical properties of nanocarriers and the possible mechanisms of covalent and non-covalent interaction between nanoparticles (NPs) and drugs is essential for the design of nanocarriers to improve the bioavailability of molecules with pharmacological potential, such as tropoflavin, baicalein, luteolin, myricetin, apigenin, and chrysin. The parameters of characterization of some NPs of these flavones, such as size, polydispersity index (PDI), zeta potential, encapsulation efficiency (EE), and % release/time, utilized in biomedical applications and the covalent and non-covalent interactions existing between the polymeric NPs and the drug were analyzed. Similarly, the presence of functional groups in the functionalized carbon nanotubes (CNTs), as well as the effect of pH on the % adsorption of flavonoids on functionalized multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT-COOH), were analyzed. Non-covalent interaction mechanisms between polymeric NPs and flavones, and covalent interaction mechanisms that could exist between the NPs and the amino and hydroxyl functional groups, are proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia Espíndola
- Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Seville, C/Profesor García González 1, 41012 Seville, Spain
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Antiviral Activity of Luteolin against Pseudorabies Virus In Vitro and In Vivo. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:ani13040761. [PMID: 36830548 PMCID: PMC9952634 DOI: 10.3390/ani13040761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Revised: 02/12/2023] [Accepted: 02/19/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Pseudorabies virus (PRV) can cause acute swine disease leading to economic losses worldwide and is a potential causative agent of viral encephalitis in humans. Although effective vaccines are available, an increasing number of variants have emerged in China, and identifying effective antiviral agents against PRV to prevent latent infection is essential. In this study, we assessed the antiviral activity of luteolin against PRV in vitro and in vivo. Luteolin was found to significantly inhibit PRV at a noncytotoxic concentration (70 μM), with an IC50 of 26.24 μM and a selectivity index of 5.64. Luteolin inhibited the virus at the replication stage and decreased the expression of viral mRNA and gB protein. Luteolin reduced the apoptosis of PRV-infected cells, improved the survival rate of mice after lethal challenge, reduced the viral loads in the liver, kidney, heart, lung, and brain, reduced brain lesions, and slowed inflammation and oxidation reactions. Our results showed that luteolin has promise as a new alternative antiviral drug for PRV infection.
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Quercetin: A Functional Food-Flavonoid Incredibly Attenuates Emerging and Re-Emerging Viral Infections through Immunomodulatory Actions. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28030938. [PMID: 36770606 PMCID: PMC9920550 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28030938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2022] [Revised: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Many of the medicinally active molecules in the flavonoid class of phytochemicals are being researched for their potential antiviral activity against various DNA and RNA viruses. Quercetin is a flavonoid that can be found in a variety of foods, including fruits and vegetables. It has been reported to be effective against a variety of viruses. This review, therefore, deciphered the mechanistic of how Quercetin works against some of the deadliest viruses, such as influenza A, Hepatitis C, Dengue type 2 and Ebola virus, which cause frequent outbreaks worldwide and result in significant morbidity and mortality in humans through epidemics or pandemics. All those have an alarming impact on both human health and the global and national economies. The review extended computing the Quercetin-contained natural recourse and its modes of action in different experimental approaches leading to antiviral actions. The gap in effective treatment emphasizes the necessity of a search for new effective antiviral compounds. Quercetin shows potential antiviral activity and inhibits it by targeting viral infections at multiple stages. The suppression of viral neuraminidase, proteases and DNA/RNA polymerases and the alteration of many viral proteins as well as their immunomodulation are the main molecular mechanisms of Quercetin's antiviral activities. Nonetheless, the huge potential of Quercetin and its extensive use is inadequately approached as a therapeutic for emerging and re-emerging viral infections. Therefore, this review enumerated the food-functioned Quercetin source, the modes of action of Quercetin for antiviral effects and made insights on the mechanism-based antiviral action of Quercetin.
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Fonseca JMD, Reis ACC, Pereira GR, Moura HMMD, Souza Filho JD, Silva BDM, Brandão GC. Chromatographic profile of xanthones and flavonoids in the anti-dengue extracts of Fridericia samydoides (Cham.) L.G. Lohmann (Bignoniaceae). BRAZ J PHARM SCI 2022. [DOI: 10.1590/s2175-97902022e18802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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Kumar S, Garg C, Kaushik S, Buttar HS, Garg M. Demystifying therapeutic potential of medicinal plants against chikungunya virus. Indian J Pharmacol 2021; 53:403-411. [PMID: 34854411 DOI: 10.4103/ijp.ijp_81_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Viral infections are posing a great threat to humanity for the last few years. Among these, Chikungunya which is a mosquito-borne viral infection has produced enormous epidemics around the world after been rebounded. Although this infection shows a low mortality rate, patients suffer from fever, arthralgia, and maculopapular rashes, which reduce the quality of life for several weeks to years. The currently available treatments only provide symptomatic relief based on analgesics, antipyretics, and anti-inflammatory drugs which are nonspecific without satisfactory results. Medicinal plants are a widely accepted source of new molecules for the treatment of infectious diseases including viral infections. The scientific reports, primarily focusing on the anti-chikungunya activity of plant extracts, natural origin pure compounds, and their synthetic analog published from 2011 to 2021, were selected from PubMed, Google Scholar, and Scopus by using related keywords like anti-chikungunya plants, natural antivirals for Chikungunya. The present review decodes scientific reports on medicinal plants against chikungunya virus (CHIKV) infection and demystifies the potential phytoconstituents which reveals that the screening of flavonoids containing plants and phytochemicals showing efficacy against other arbovirus infections, may prove as a potential lead for drug development against CHIKV. The present article also outlines pathogenesis, clinical aspects, molecular virology, and diagnostic approaches of CHIKV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sukender Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana, India
| | - Chanchal Garg
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana, India
| | - Samander Kaushik
- Center for Biotechnology, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana, India
| | - Harpal Singh Buttar
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Munish Garg
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana, India
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Nanotechnology Applications of Flavonoids for Viral Diseases. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13111895. [PMID: 34834309 PMCID: PMC8625292 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13111895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Revised: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent years have witnessed the emergence of several viral diseases, including various zoonotic diseases such as the current pandemic caused by the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Other viruses, which possess pandemic-causing potential include avian flu, Ebola, dengue, Zika, and Nipah virus, as well as the re-emergence of SARS (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome) and MERS (Middle East Respiratory Syndrome) coronaviruses. Notably, effective drugs or vaccines against these viruses are still to be discovered. All the newly approved vaccines against the SARS-CoV-2-induced disease COVID-19 possess real-time possibility of becoming obsolete because of the development of ‘variants of concern’. Flavonoids are being increasingly recognized as prophylactic and therapeutic agents against emerging and old viral diseases. Around 10,000 natural flavonoid compounds have been identified, being phytochemicals, all plant-based. Flavonoids have been reported to have lesser side effects than conventional anti-viral agents and are effective against more viral diseases than currently used anti-virals. Despite their abundance in plants, which are a part of human diet, flavonoids have the problem of low bioavailability. Various attempts are in progress to increase the bioavailability of flavonoids, one of the promising fields being nanotechnology. This review is a narrative of some anti-viral dietary flavonoids, their bioavailability, and various means with an emphasis on the nanotechnology system(s) being experimented with to deliver anti-viral flavonoids, whose systems show potential in the efficient delivery of flavonoids, resulting in increased bioavailability.
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Cataneo AHD, Ávila EP, Mendes LADO, de Oliveira VG, Ferraz CR, de Almeida MV, Frabasile S, Duarte Dos Santos CN, Verri WA, Bordignon J, Wowk PF. Flavonoids as Molecules With Anti- Zika virus Activity. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:710359. [PMID: 34566915 PMCID: PMC8462986 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.710359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Zika virus (ZIKV) is an arthropod-born virus that is mainly transmitted to humans by mosquitoes of the genus Aedes spp. Since its first isolation in 1947, only a few human cases had been described until large outbreaks occurred on Yap Island (2007), French Polynesia (2013), and Brazil (2015). Most ZIKV-infected individuals are asymptomatic or present with a self-limiting disease and nonspecific symptoms such as fever, myalgia, and headache. However, in French Polynesia and Brazil, ZIKV outbreaks led to the diagnosis of congenital malformations and microcephaly in newborns and Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) in adults. These new clinical presentations raised concern from public health authorities and highlighted the need for anti-Zika treatments and vaccines to control the neurological damage caused by the virus. Despite many efforts in the search for an effective treatment, neither vaccines nor antiviral drugs have become available to control ZIKV infection and/or replication. Flavonoids, a class of natural compounds that are well-known for possessing several biological properties, have shown activity against different viruses. Additionally, the use of flavonoids in some countries as food supplements indicates that these molecules are nontoxic to humans. Thus, here, we summarize knowledge on the use of flavonoids as a source of anti-ZIKV molecules and discuss the gaps and challenges in this area before these compounds can be considered for further preclinical and clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Eloah Pereira Ávila
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, Brazil
| | | | | | - Camila Rodrigues Ferraz
- Departamento de Ciências Patológicas, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, Brazil
| | | | - Sandra Frabasile
- Sección Virologia, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de La República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | | | - Waldiceu Aparecido Verri
- Departamento de Ciências Patológicas, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, Brazil
| | - Juliano Bordignon
- Laboratório de Virologia Molecular, Instituto Carlos Chagas/Fiocruz-PR, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Pryscilla Fanini Wowk
- Laboratório de Virologia Molecular, Instituto Carlos Chagas/Fiocruz-PR, Curitiba, Brazil
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Abstract
About half of the world's population and 80% of the world's biodiversity can be found in the tropics. Many diseases are specific to the tropics, with at least 41 diseases caused by endemic bacteria, viruses, parasites, and fungi. Such diseases are of increasing concern, as the geographic range of tropical diseases is expanding due to climate change, urbanization, change in agricultural practices, deforestation, and loss of biodiversity. While traditional medicines have been used for centuries in the treatment of tropical diseases, the active natural compounds within these medicines remain largely unknown. In this review, we describe infectious diseases specific to the tropics, including their causative pathogens, modes of transmission, recent major outbreaks, and geographic locations. We further review current treatments for these tropical diseases, carefully consider the biodiscovery potential of the tropical biome, and discuss a range of technologies being used for drug development from natural resources. We provide a list of natural products with antimicrobial activity, detailing the source organisms and their effectiveness as treatment. We discuss how technological advancements, such as next-generation sequencing, are driving high-throughput natural product screening pipelines to identify compounds with therapeutic properties. This review demonstrates the impact natural products from the vast tropical biome have in the treatment of tropical infectious diseases and how high-throughput technical capacity will accelerate this discovery process.
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Anand AV, Balamuralikrishnan B, Kaviya M, Bharathi K, Parithathvi A, Arun M, Senthilkumar N, Velayuthaprabhu S, Saradhadevi M, Al-Dhabi NA, Arasu MV, Yatoo MI, Tiwari R, Dhama K. Medicinal Plants, Phytochemicals, and Herbs to Combat Viral Pathogens Including SARS-CoV-2. Molecules 2021; 26:1775. [PMID: 33809963 PMCID: PMC8004635 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26061775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Revised: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome corona virus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), is the most important health issue, internationally. With no specific and effective antiviral therapy for COVID-19, new or repurposed antiviral are urgently needed. Phytochemicals pose a ray of hope for human health during this pandemic, and a great deal of research is concentrated on it. Phytochemicals have been used as antiviral agents against several viruses since they could inhibit several viruses via different mechanisms of direct inhibition either at the viral entry point or the replication stages and via immunomodulation potentials. Recent evidence also suggests that some plants and its components have shown promising antiviral properties against SARS-CoV-2. This review summarizes certain phytochemical agents along with their mode of actions and potential antiviral activities against important viral pathogens. A special focus has been given on medicinal plants and their extracts as well as herbs which have shown promising results to combat SARS-CoV-2 infection and can be useful in treating patients with COVID-19 as alternatives for treatment under phytotherapy approaches during this devastating pandemic situation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arumugam Vijaya Anand
- Medical Genetics and Epigenetics Laboratory, Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Biology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore 641046, India; (M.K.); (K.B.); (A.P.)
| | | | - Mohandass Kaviya
- Medical Genetics and Epigenetics Laboratory, Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Biology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore 641046, India; (M.K.); (K.B.); (A.P.)
| | - Kathirvel Bharathi
- Medical Genetics and Epigenetics Laboratory, Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Biology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore 641046, India; (M.K.); (K.B.); (A.P.)
| | - Aluru Parithathvi
- Medical Genetics and Epigenetics Laboratory, Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Biology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore 641046, India; (M.K.); (K.B.); (A.P.)
| | - Meyyazhagan Arun
- Department of Life Sciences, CHRIST (Deemed to be University), Bengaluru 560029, India;
| | - Nachiappan Senthilkumar
- Institute of Forest Genetics and Tree Breeding (IFGTB), Forest Campus, Cowley Brown Road, RS Puram, Coimbatore 641002, India;
| | | | | | - Naif Abdullah Al-Dhabi
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (N.A.A.-D.); (M.V.A.)
| | - Mariadhas Valan Arasu
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (N.A.A.-D.); (M.V.A.)
- Xavier Research Foundation, St. Xavier’s College, Palayamkottai, Thirunelveli 627002, India
| | - Mohammad Iqbal Yatoo
- Faculty of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, Sher-E-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir, Shalimar, Srinagar 190006, India;
| | - Ruchi Tiwari
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Immunology, College of Veterinary Sciences, UP Deen Dayal Upadhayay Pashu Chikitsa Vigyan Vishwavidyalay Evum Go-Anusandhan Sansthan (DUVASU), Mathura 281001, India;
| | - Kuldeep Dhama
- Division of Pathology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly 243122, India
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In Silico Screening of Natural Products Isolated from Mexican Herbal Medicines against COVID-19. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11020216. [PMID: 33557097 PMCID: PMC7913859 DOI: 10.3390/biom11020216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Revised: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has already taken the lives of more than 2 million people worldwide, causing several political and socio-economic disturbances in our daily life. At the time of publication, there are non-effective pharmacological treatments, and vaccine distribution represents an important challenge for all countries. In this sense, research for novel molecules becomes essential to develop treatments against the SARS-CoV-2 virus. In this context, Mexican natural products have proven to be quite useful for drug development; therefore, in the present study, we perform an in silico screening of 100 compounds isolated from the most commonly used Mexican plants, against the SARS-CoV-2 virus. As results, we identify ten compounds that meet leadlikeness criteria (emodin anthrone, kaempferol, quercetin, aesculin, cichoriin, luteolin, matricin, riolozatrione, monocaffeoyl tartaric acid, aucubin). According to the docking analysis, only three compounds target the key proteins of SARS-CoV-2 (quercetin, riolozatrione and cichoriin), but only one appears to be safe (cichoriin). ADME (absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion) properties and the physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) model show that cichoriin reaches higher lung levels (100 mg/Kg, IV); therefore, it may be considered in developing therapeutic tools.
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Pattanashetti LA, Patil BM, Hegde HV, Kangle RP. Potential ameliorative effect of Cynodon dactylon (L.) pers on scopolamine-induced amnesia in rats: Restoration of cholinergic and antioxidant pathways. Indian J Pharmacol 2021; 53:50-59. [PMID: 33975999 PMCID: PMC8216122 DOI: 10.4103/ijp.ijp_473_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM: The present study explored Cynodon dactylon hydro-ethanolic extract (CDE) effect on scopolamine-induced amnesic rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS: C. dactylon extract was subjected to antioxidant (DPPH and H2O2) and acetylcholinesterase enzyme tests by in vitro methods. Scopolamine (1 mg/kg, i.p) was administered to rats except for normal control. Donepezil (3 mg/kg, p.o), CDE (100, 200, and 400 mg/kg p.o) were administered to treatment groups. Behavioral paradigm: Morris water maze (MWM), elevated plus maze (EPM), and passive avoidance test (PAT) were conducted. Later, rats were sacrificed and brain homogenate was tested for levels of acetylcholinesterase, glutathione, and lipid peroxidase. Histopathology examination of cortex and hippocampus of all the groups was done. STATISTICAL METHOD: The statistical methods used were ANOVA and Tukey's post hoc test. RESULTS: CDE antioxidant activity was demonstrated by decreasing DPPH and H2O2 levels confirmed through in vitro analysis. Treatment group rats reversed scopolamine induced amnesia by improvement in spatial memory, decreased transfer latency and increased step through latency significantly (P<0.001) in behavior models such as morris water maze, elevated plus maze and passive avoidance task respectively. CDE modulated acetylcholine transmission by decreased acetylcholinesterase enzyme level (P < 0.001) and scavenging scopolamine-induced oxidative stress by increased reduced glutathione levels and decreased lipid peroxidation levels in the rat brain. CDE and donepezil-treated rats showed mild neurodegeneration in comparison to scopolamine-induced severe neuronal damage on histopathology examination. CONCLUSION: C. dactylon extract provides evidence of anti-amnesic activity by the mechanism of decreased acetylcholinesterase enzyme level and increased antioxidant levels in scopolamine-induced amnesia in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laxmi A Pattanashetti
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, KLE College of Pharmacy, Belagavi (A Constituent Unit of K. L. E Academy of Higher Education and Research), Belagavi, Karnataka, India
| | - Basanagouda M Patil
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, KLE College of Pharmacy, Belagavi (A Constituent Unit of K. L. E Academy of Higher Education and Research), Belagavi, Karnataka, India
| | - Harsha V Hegde
- Department of Ethnomedicine and Medicinal Plants, ICMR- National Institute of Traditional Medicine, Belagavi, Karnataka, India
| | - Ranjit P Kangle
- Department of Pathology, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Belagavi, Karnataka, India
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Mansouri K, Rastegari-Pouyani M, Ghanbri-Movahed M, Safarzadeh M, Kiani S, Ghanbari-Movahed Z. Can a metabolism-targeted therapeutic intervention successfully subjugate SARS-COV-2? A scientific rational. Biomed Pharmacother 2020; 131:110694. [PMID: 32920511 PMCID: PMC7451059 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.110694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Revised: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
As a process entailing a high turnover of the host cell molecules, viral replication is required for a successful viral infection and requests virus capacity to acquire the macromolecules required for its propagation. To this end, viruses have adopted several strategies to harness cellular metabolism in accordance with their specific demands. Most viruses upregulate specific cellular anabolic pathways and are largely dependent on such alterations. RNA viruses, for example, upregulate both glycolysisand glycogenolysis providing TCA cycle intermediates essential for anabolic lipogenesis. Also, these infections usually induce the PPP, leading to increased nucleotide levels supporting viral replication. SARS-CoV-2 (the cause of COVID-19)that has so far spread from China throughout the world is also an RNA virus. Owing to the more metabolic plasticity of uninfected cells, a promising approach for specific antiviral therapy, which has drawn a lot of attention in the recent years, would be the targeting of metabolic changes induced by viruses. In the current review, we first summarize some of virus-induced metabolic adaptations and then based on these information as well as SARS-CoV-2 pathogenesis, propose a potential therapeutic modality for this calamitous world-spreading virus with the hope of employing this strategy for near-future clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamran Mansouri
- Medical Biology Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Mohsen Rastegari-Pouyani
- Student Research Committee, Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Ghanbri-Movahed
- Medical Biology Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran; Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran
| | - Mehrnoush Safarzadeh
- Student Research Committee, Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sara Kiani
- Medical Biology Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Zahra Ghanbari-Movahed
- Medical Biology Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.
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Sardari S, Rafieian-Kopaei M, Malekmohammad K, Sewell RDE. Review of Phytochemical Compounds as Antiviral Agents Against Arboviruses from the Genera Flavivirus and Alphavirus. Curr Drug Discov Technol 2020; 17:484-497. [PMID: 31969106 DOI: 10.2174/1570163817666200122102443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2018] [Revised: 04/02/2019] [Accepted: 07/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Arboviruses are a diverse group of viruses that are among the major causes of emerging infectious diseases. Arboviruses from the genera flavivirus and alphavirus are the most important human arboviruses from a public health perspective. During recent decades, these viruses have been responsible for millions of infections and deaths around the world. Over the past few years, several investigations have been carried out to identify antiviral agents to treat these arbovirus infections. The use of synthetic antiviral compounds is often unsatisfactory since they may raise the risk of viral mutation; they are costly and possess either side effects or toxicity. One attractive strategy is the use of plants as promising sources of novel antiviral compounds that present significant inhibitory effects on these viruses. In this review, we describe advances in the exploitation of compounds and extracts from natural sources that target the vital proteins and enzymes involved in arbovirus replication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samira Sardari
- Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Mahmoud Rafieian-Kopaei
- Medical Plants Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Khojasteh Malekmohammad
- Department of Animal Sciences, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Robert D E Sewell
- Cardiff School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF10 NB. Wales, United Kingdom
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Reis ACC, Silva BM, de Moura HMM, Pereira GR, Brandão GC. Anti-Zika virus activity and chemical characterization by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography (UPLC-DAD-UV-MS) of ethanol extracts in Tecoma species. BMC Complement Med Ther 2020; 20:246. [PMID: 32767975 PMCID: PMC7412813 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-020-03040-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2019] [Accepted: 07/31/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Plant species from the genus Tecoma are found in tropical and subtropical regions around the world. Some of them are grown as ornamental plants and others can be used as medicinal plants. In the present study, ethanolic extracts from trunks and leaves of Tecoma species were tested in vitro using assays against the Zika virus. Methods There was a total of 8 extracts obtained from different anatomical parts of three Tecoma species. The Tecoma castaneifolia, T. garrocha, T. stans var. angustata and T. stans var. stans were prepared by percolation with ethanol. The antiviral activity was assayed in vitro against the Zika virus by the MTT colorimetric method (n = 3). The UPLC-DAD-MS analysis of ethanolic extracts was performed from all the studied species. The biofractionation of T. stans var. stans trunk extract using different separation techniques led to the isolation of crenatoside compound. Results Ethanolic extract from Tecoma species leaves were more active against the Zika virus (EC50 149.90 to 61.25 μg/mL) when compared to the trunk extracts tested (EC50 131.0 to 66.79 μg/mL and two were not active). The ethyl acetate and aqueous fractions obtained from T. stans var. stans trunk were active against the Zika virus with EC50 values of 149.90 and 78.98 μg/mL, respectively. Crenatoside is a phenylethanoid glycoside isolated from the ethyl acetate of T. stans var. stans trunk extract. This compound was tested and exhibited EC50 34.78 μM (21.64 μg/mL), thus demonstrating a better result than the original ethanolic extracts as well as others extracts of Tecoma species, and it was more active than the positive control, ribavirin (386.84 μM). Furthermore, its selectivity index was at least 2.5 times higher than the tested ethanolic extracts and 11.1 times more potent than ribavirin. Conclusion The Tecoma species demonstrated interesting in vitro activity against the Zika virus. The crenatoside, phenylethanoid glycoside that was for the first time isolated from Tecoma stans var. stans, exhibited a potent and relevant anti-Zika virus activity, being more active than ribavirin (positive control). The data show that crenatoside, was a promising compound with in vitro antiviral activity against the Zika virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Cotta Cardoso Reis
- Pharmacy Department, School of Pharmacy, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Campus Morro do Cruzeiro, Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, 35400-000, Brazil
| | - Breno Mello Silva
- Department of Biological Sciences, ICEB, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Campus Morro do Cruzeiro, Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Hélia Maria Marques de Moura
- Pharmacy Department, School of Pharmacy, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Campus Morro do Cruzeiro, Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, 35400-000, Brazil
| | - Guilherme Rocha Pereira
- Department of Physics and Chemistry, Institute of Exact Sciences and IT (ICEI), Catholic Pontifical University of Minas Gerais, PUC Minas, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Geraldo Célio Brandão
- Pharmacy Department, School of Pharmacy, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Campus Morro do Cruzeiro, Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, 35400-000, Brazil.
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Traditional and complementary treatments do have a role to play in global health, but probably not in emerging pandemics. ADVANCES IN INTEGRATIVE MEDICINE 2020; 7:1-2. [PMID: 32373451 PMCID: PMC7195069 DOI: 10.1016/j.aimed.2020.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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Kaushik S, Jangra G, Kundu V, Yadav JP, Kaushik S. Anti-viral activity of Zingiber officinale (Ginger) ingredients against the Chikungunya virus. Virusdisease 2020; 31:270-276. [PMID: 32420412 PMCID: PMC7223110 DOI: 10.1007/s13337-020-00584-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2019] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Chikungunya is one of the highly infectious viral disease without vaccine and anti-viral. Aim of present study is to check the anti-chikungunya activities of Zingiber officinale (Ginger) in the animal cell culture model. The medicinal plant extract was prepared from Z. officinale rhizome. Median tissue culture infective dose (TCID50) of Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) and Maximum non-toxic dose (MNTD) of Z. officinale extract was determined in Vero cell-line on the basis of cell viability followed by MTT assay. In vitro anti-chikungunya activity was performed in Vero cell-line with MNTD and half of MNTD of Z. officinale medicinal plant extract. The anti-viral effect of Z. officinale was studied by observing the cytopathic effects and cell viability measured by MTT assay. Maximum non-toxic dose of Z. officinale plant extract was found 62.5 μg/ml. During anti-chikungunya experimentation, cell viability increased to 51.05% and 35.10%, when Vero cells were pre-treated with MNTD and half of MNTD of Z. officinale extract respectively. Similarly, in co-treatment, when MNTD, half of MNTD of Z. officinale and Median tissue culture infective dose CHIKV were inoculated simultaneously, then the viability of Vero cell-line was increases by 52.90% and 49.02% respectively. The rhizome extracts of Z. officinale have high potential to treat CHIKV. Medicinal plants and their metabolites are most important sources of antimicrobial and can be utilized for the development of new drugs. In view of the rapid expansion of CHIKV at the global level, there is an urgent need to develop newer anti-chikungunya drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sulochana Kaushik
- 2Department of Genetics, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Hr India
| | - Ginni Jangra
- 1Centre for Biotechnology, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Hr India
| | - Vaibhav Kundu
- 3Department of Nanotechnology, Amity University, Noida, U.P India
| | | | - Samander Kaushik
- 1Centre for Biotechnology, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Hr India
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Luteolin retards CXCL12-induced Jurkat cells migration by disrupting transcription of CXCR4. Exp Mol Pathol 2020; 113:104370. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yexmp.2020.104370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2019] [Revised: 12/23/2019] [Accepted: 01/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Oliveira Silva Martins D, de Andrade Santos I, Moraes de Oliveira D, Riquena Grosche V, Carolina Gomes Jardim A. Antivirals against Chikungunya Virus: Is the Solution in Nature? Viruses 2020; 12:v12030272. [PMID: 32121393 PMCID: PMC7150839 DOI: 10.3390/v12030272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2019] [Revised: 02/03/2020] [Accepted: 02/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The worldwide outbreaks of the chikungunya virus (CHIKV) in the last years demonstrated the need for studies to screen antivirals against CHIKV. The virus was first isolated in Tanzania in 1952 and was responsible for outbreaks in Africa and Southwest Asia in subsequent years. Between 2007 and 2014, some cases were documented in Europe and America. The infection is associated with low rates of death; however, it can progress to a chronic disease characterized by severe arthralgias in infected patients. This infection is also associated with Guillain–Barré syndrome. There is no specific antivirus against CHIKV. Treatment of infected patients is palliative and based on analgesics and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs to reduce arthralgias. Several natural molecules have been described as antiviruses against viruses such as dengue, yellow fever, hepatitis C, and influenza. This review aims to summarize the natural compounds that have demonstrated antiviral activity against chikungunya virus in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Oliveira Silva Martins
- Laboratory of Virology, Institute of Biomedical Science, ICBIM, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, MG 38408-100, Brazil; (D.O.S.M.); (I.d.A.S.); (D.M.d.O.); (V.R.G.)
- São Paulo State University, Institute of Biosciences, Letters and Exact Sciences (IBILCE), State University of São Paulo, São José do Rio Preto, SP 15054-000, Brazil
| | - Igor de Andrade Santos
- Laboratory of Virology, Institute of Biomedical Science, ICBIM, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, MG 38408-100, Brazil; (D.O.S.M.); (I.d.A.S.); (D.M.d.O.); (V.R.G.)
| | - Débora Moraes de Oliveira
- Laboratory of Virology, Institute of Biomedical Science, ICBIM, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, MG 38408-100, Brazil; (D.O.S.M.); (I.d.A.S.); (D.M.d.O.); (V.R.G.)
| | - Victória Riquena Grosche
- Laboratory of Virology, Institute of Biomedical Science, ICBIM, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, MG 38408-100, Brazil; (D.O.S.M.); (I.d.A.S.); (D.M.d.O.); (V.R.G.)
| | - Ana Carolina Gomes Jardim
- Laboratory of Virology, Institute of Biomedical Science, ICBIM, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, MG 38408-100, Brazil; (D.O.S.M.); (I.d.A.S.); (D.M.d.O.); (V.R.G.)
- São Paulo State University, Institute of Biosciences, Letters and Exact Sciences (IBILCE), State University of São Paulo, São José do Rio Preto, SP 15054-000, Brazil
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +55-(34)-3225-8679
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Rafe MR, Salam R, Ahmed SN, Ahmed Z, Chowdhury SM. A Pharmacological Review of Four Widely Used Traditional Medicinal Plants for Wound Healing in Bangladesh. CURRENT TRADITIONAL MEDICINE 2020. [DOI: 10.2174/2215083805666190820120523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Traditional and folklore medicines have gained popularity throughout the world
due to their safety. Herbal medicines with pharmacological activities and nutritional value are
the most popular choice. Cultural and geographical factors of Bangladesh make it a vast
source for herbal medicines. In addition, the cost-effectiveness of herbal medicines has also
played an important role to make it a drug of choice among the developing countries like
Bangladesh. People of Bangladesh have been using plants for centuries to treat different
wounds caused by excision and incision. In this current review, we have gone through an extensive
literature search to find out the four most commonly used medicinal plants for the
treatment of wounds and their pharmacological activities in scientific researches. The featured
plants of this review articles are, Calotropis gigantea, Cynodon dactylon, Acorus calamus and
Justicia gendarussa. In traditional and herbal medicines, many plants are used without their
scientific validation and we intend to perform a literature review in order to find out the potential
scientific value of the featured plants. In addition, with pharmacological activities, their
traditional formulation as a wound healing drug is also added to this article. This study will
help validate the uses of these plants as traditional medicine and for researchers to find out potential
therapeutic drugs according to their pharmacological studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md. Rajdoula Rafe
- Department of Pharmacy, Jagannath University, Dhaka-1100, Bangladesh
| | - Rayhanus Salam
- Department of Pharmacy, Southeast University, Dhaka-1213, Bangladesh
| | - Syeda Naureen Ahmed
- Department of Pharmacy, Independent University Bangladesh, Dhaka-1229, Bangladesh
| | - Zebunnesa Ahmed
- Department of Pharmacy, Southeast University, Dhaka-1213, Bangladesh
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Antiviral Efficacy of Flavonoids against Enterovirus 71 Infection in Vitro and in Newborn Mice. Viruses 2019; 11:v11070625. [PMID: 31284698 PMCID: PMC6669683 DOI: 10.3390/v11070625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2019] [Revised: 06/30/2019] [Accepted: 07/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Enterovirus 71 (EV71) infection is known to cause hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD), which is associated with neurological complications; however, there is currently no effective treatment for this infection. Flavonoids are a large group of naturally occurring compounds with multiple bioactivities, and the inhibitory effects of several flavonoids against EV71 have been studied in cell cultures; however, to date, there are no reported data on their effects in animal models. In this study, we confirmed the in vitro activities of eight flavonoids against EV71 infection, based on the inhibition of cytopathic effects. Moreover, these flavonoids were found to reduce viral genomic RNA replication and protein synthesis. We further demonstrated the protective efficacy of these flavonoids in newborn mice challenged with a lethal dose of EV71. Apigenin, luteolin, kaempferol, formononetin, and penduletin conferred survival protection of 88.89%, 91.67%, 88.89%, 75%, and 66.67%, respectively, from the lethal EV71 challenge. In addition, isorhamnetin provided the highest mice survival protection of 100% at a dose of 10 mg/kg. This study, to the best of our knowledge, is the first to evaluate the in vivo anti-EV7l activities of multiple flavonoids, and we accordingly identified flavonoids as potential leading compounds for anti-EV71 drug development.
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Hwu JR, Huang WC, Lin SY, Tan KT, Hu YC, Shieh FK, Bachurin SO, Ustyugov A, Tsay SC. Chikungunya virus inhibition by synthetic coumarin-guanosine conjugates. Eur J Med Chem 2019; 166:136-143. [PMID: 30703657 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2019.01.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2018] [Revised: 10/18/2018] [Accepted: 01/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Since its discovery in Tanganyika, Africa in 1952, chikungunya virus (CHIKV) outbreaks have occurred in Africa, Asia, Europe, and America. Till now chikungunya fever has spread in nearly 40 countries. Because of lack of effective vaccines and antiviral drugs to intervene this disease, 21 new conjugated compounds were designed and synthesized by coupling of 6,8-dithioguanosine at its C-6 position with 3-(chloromethyl)coumarins bearing an F, Cl, Br, Me, or -OMe substituent through the -SCH2- joint. Meanwhile, an organic "dummy" ligand (e.g., methyl, benzyl, and naphthylmethyl) or a coumarinyl moiety was attached at the C-8 position. By high through-put screening, three of these new conjugates were found to inhibit CHIKV in Vero cells with significant potency (EC50 = 9.9-13.9 μM) and showed low toxicity (CC50 = 96.5-212 μM). The selectivity index values were 9.37-21.7. Their structure-activity relationship was deduced, which indicates that the coumarin moiety is essential and the presence of a -OMe group enhances the antiviral activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jih Ru Hwu
- Department of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, 300, Taiwan; Frontier Research Center on Fundamental and Applied Sciences of Matters, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, 300, Taiwan; Department of Chemistry, National Central University, Jhongli City, Taoyuan, 320, Taiwan.
| | - Wen-Chieh Huang
- Department of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, 300, Taiwan; Frontier Research Center on Fundamental and Applied Sciences of Matters, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, 300, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Yu Lin
- Department of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, 300, Taiwan; Frontier Research Center on Fundamental and Applied Sciences of Matters, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, 300, Taiwan
| | - Kui-Thong Tan
- Department of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, 300, Taiwan; Frontier Research Center on Fundamental and Applied Sciences of Matters, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, 300, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chen Hu
- Frontier Research Center on Fundamental and Applied Sciences of Matters, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, 300, Taiwan; Department of Chemical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, 300, Taiwan
| | - Fa-Kuen Shieh
- Department of Chemistry, National Central University, Jhongli City, Taoyuan, 320, Taiwan
| | - Sergey O Bachurin
- The Institute of Physiologically Active Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, Chernogolovka, 142432, Russia
| | - Alexey Ustyugov
- The Institute of Physiologically Active Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, Chernogolovka, 142432, Russia
| | - Shwu-Chen Tsay
- Department of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, 300, Taiwan; Frontier Research Center on Fundamental and Applied Sciences of Matters, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, 300, Taiwan; Department of Chemistry, National Central University, Jhongli City, Taoyuan, 320, Taiwan.
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Perumal RK, Gopinath A, Thangam R, Perumal S, Masilamani D, Ramadass SK, Madhan B. Collagen-silica bio-composite enriched with Cynodon dactylon extract for tissue repair and regeneration. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2018; 92:297-306. [PMID: 30184754 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2018.06.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2017] [Revised: 05/17/2018] [Accepted: 06/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Development of biomaterials for tissue engineering applications is of great interest to meet the demand of different clinical requirements. The wound heal dressing biomaterials should necessarily contain well-defined therapeutic components and desirable physical, chemical and biological properties to support optimal delivery of therapeutics at the site of the wound. In this study, we developed collagen-silica wound heal scaffold incorporated with the extract of Cynodon dactylon, characterized and evaluated for its wound heal potential in vitro and in vivo against collagen (Col) and Collagen-silica (CS) scaffolds that served as controls. The prepared Collagen-Silica-Cynodon extract (CSCE) scaffold exhibits porous morphology with preferable biophysical, chemical, mechanical and mass transfer properties besides its controlled biodegradation at the wound site. Stability of CSCE was found to be better than that of native collagen due to intermolecular interactions between collagen and constituents of C. dactylon as confirmed by FTIR analysis. Notably, in vitro biocompatibility assay using DAPI and Rhodamine 123 staining demonstrated that the proliferation of NIH3T3 fibroblast cells was better for CSCE when compared to the Col and CS scaffolds. In vivo wound healing experiments with full-thickness excision wounds in wistar rat model demonstrated that the wounds treated with CSCE showed accelerated healing with enhanced collagen deposition when compared to wounds treated with Col and CS scaffolds, and these studies substantiated the efficacy of CSCE scaffold for treating wounds.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Arun Gopinath
- CSIR - Central Leather Research Institute, Adyar, Chennai 600020, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Ramar Thangam
- CSIR - Central Leather Research Institute, Adyar, Chennai 600020, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Sathiamurthi Perumal
- CSIR - Central Leather Research Institute, Adyar, Chennai 600020, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Dinesh Masilamani
- CSIR - Central Leather Research Institute, Adyar, Chennai 600020, Tamil Nadu, India
| | | | - Balaraman Madhan
- CSIR - Central Leather Research Institute, Adyar, Chennai 600020, Tamil Nadu, India.
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Current Strategies for Inhibition of Chikungunya Infection. Viruses 2018; 10:v10050235. [PMID: 29751486 PMCID: PMC5977228 DOI: 10.3390/v10050235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2018] [Revised: 04/07/2018] [Accepted: 04/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Increasing incidences of Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) infection and co-infections with Dengue/Zika virus have highlighted the urgency for CHIKV management. Failure in developing effective vaccines or specific antivirals has fuelled further research. This review discusses updated strategies of CHIKV inhibition and provides possible future directions. In addition, it analyzes advances in CHIKV lifecycle, drug-target development, and potential hits obtained by in silico and experimental methods. Molecules identified with anti-CHIKV properties using traditional/rational drug design and their potential to succeed in subsequent stages of drug development have also been discussed. Possibilities of repurposing existing drugs based on their in vitro findings have also been elucidated. Probable modes of interference of these compounds at various stages of infection, including entry and replication, have been highlighted. The use of host factors as targets to identify antivirals against CHIKV has been addressed. While most of the earlier antivirals were effective in the early phases of the CHIKV life cycle, this review is also focused on drug candidates that are effective at multiple stages of its life cycle. Since most of these antivirals require validation in preclinical and clinical models, the challenges regarding this have been discussed and will provide critical information for further research.
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Square wave voltammetric quantitative determination of flavonoid luteolin in peanut hulls and Perilla based on Au NPs loaded boron nitride nanosheets. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2018.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Taraxacum officinale and Urtica dioica extracts inhibit dengue virus serotype 2 replication in vitro. BMC COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2018; 18:95. [PMID: 29548293 PMCID: PMC5857124 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-018-2163-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2017] [Accepted: 03/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Background Urtica dioica, Taraxacum officinale, Calea integrifolia and Caesalpinia pulcherrima are widely used all over the world for treatment of different illnesses. In Mexico, these plants are traditionally used to alleviate or counteract rheumatism and inflammatory muscle diseases. In the present study we evaluated the activity of aqueous and methanolic extracts of these four plants, on the replication of dengue virus serotype 2 (DENV2). Methods Extraction process was carried out in a Soxtherm® system at 60, 85 and 120 °C; a chemical fractionation in silica gel chromatography was performed and compounds present in the active fractions were identified by HPLC-DAD-ESI/MSn. The cytotoxic concentration and the inhibitory effect of extracts or fractions on the DENV2 replication were analyzed in the BHK-21 cell line (plaque forming assay). The half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) and the selectivity index (SI) were calculated for the extracts and fractions. Results The methanolic extracts at 60 °C of T. officinale and U. dioica showed the higher inhibitory effects on DENV2 replication. After the chemical fractionation, the higher activity fraction was found for U. dioica and T. officinale, presenting IC50 values of 165.7 ± 3.85 and 126.1 ± 2.80 μg/ml, respectively; SI values were 5.59 and 6.01 for each fraction. The compounds present in T. officinale, were luteolin and caffeoylquinic acids derivatives and quercertin diclycosides. The compounds in the active fraction of U. dioica, were, chlorogenic acid, quercertin derivatives and flavonol glycosides (quercetin and kaempferol). Conclusions Two fractions from U. dioica and T. officinale methanolic extracts with anti-dengue activity were found. The compounds present in both fractions were identified, several recognized molecules have demonstrated activity against other viral species. Subsequent biological analysis of the molecules, alone or in combination, contained in the extracts will be carried out to develop therapeutics against DENV2.
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Subramaniyan V, Mathiyalagan S, Praveenkumar A, Srinivasan P, Palani M, Ravichandran V, Nallasamy P. Molecular docking and ADME properties of bioactive molecules against human acid-beta-glucosidase enzyme, cause of Gaucher's disease. In Silico Pharmacol 2018; 6:3. [PMID: 30607316 DOI: 10.1007/s40203-018-0039-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2017] [Accepted: 03/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Gaucher disease is one of the common lysosomal storage diseases widespread all over the world. It is divided into three types such as type 1 (non-neuropathic), type 2 (acute infantile neuropathic) and type 3 (chronic neuropathic). This is caused by the deficiency of glucocerebrosidases from the midpoint nervous system. Recent years, computational tools are very important and play a vital role in identifying new leads for disease treatment. This study was performed to screen the effective bioactive molecules against glucocerebrosidases. In this study, Molecular docking and ADME profiles of bioactive molecules were found with the help of Schrödinger software. Results showed that, (-)-epicatechin are having best docking score and good binding affinity than other ligands. Hence, we concluded that the (-)-epicatechin may be a better drug candidate for gaucher disease which can be explored further.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vijayakumar Subramaniyan
- 1Computational Phytochemistry Lab, P.G. and Research Department of Botany and Microbiology, A.V.V.M. Sri Pushpam College (Autonomous), Poondi, Thanjavur (Dt), Tamil Nadu 613 503 India
| | - Sathiya Mathiyalagan
- 1Computational Phytochemistry Lab, P.G. and Research Department of Botany and Microbiology, A.V.V.M. Sri Pushpam College (Autonomous), Poondi, Thanjavur (Dt), Tamil Nadu 613 503 India.,2State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Helmholtz Institute of Biotechnology, School of Life Science, Shandong University, Jinan, People's Republic of China.,Department of Zoology, Arulmigu Palani Andavar College of Arts and Culture, Palani, Tamil Nadu India
| | - Arulmozhi Praveenkumar
- 1Computational Phytochemistry Lab, P.G. and Research Department of Botany and Microbiology, A.V.V.M. Sri Pushpam College (Autonomous), Poondi, Thanjavur (Dt), Tamil Nadu 613 503 India.,2State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Helmholtz Institute of Biotechnology, School of Life Science, Shandong University, Jinan, People's Republic of China.,Department of Zoology, Arulmigu Palani Andavar College of Arts and Culture, Palani, Tamil Nadu India
| | - Prabhu Srinivasan
- 1Computational Phytochemistry Lab, P.G. and Research Department of Botany and Microbiology, A.V.V.M. Sri Pushpam College (Autonomous), Poondi, Thanjavur (Dt), Tamil Nadu 613 503 India
| | - Manogar Palani
- 1Computational Phytochemistry Lab, P.G. and Research Department of Botany and Microbiology, A.V.V.M. Sri Pushpam College (Autonomous), Poondi, Thanjavur (Dt), Tamil Nadu 613 503 India
| | - Vinothkannan Ravichandran
- 2State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Helmholtz Institute of Biotechnology, School of Life Science, Shandong University, Jinan, People's Republic of China
| | - Parameswari Nallasamy
- Department of Zoology, Arulmigu Palani Andavar College of Arts and Culture, Palani, Tamil Nadu India
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In vitro anthelmintic and cytotoxicity activities the Digitaria insularis (Poaceae). Vet Parasitol 2017; 245:48-54. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2017.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2017] [Revised: 08/03/2017] [Accepted: 08/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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da Silva-Júnior EF, Leoncini GO, Rodrigues ÉES, Aquino TM, Araújo-Júnior JX. The medicinal chemistry of Chikungunya virus. Bioorg Med Chem 2017; 25:4219-4244. [PMID: 28689975 PMCID: PMC7126832 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2017.06.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2017] [Accepted: 06/28/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Arthropod-borne viruses (arboviruses) are an important threat to human and animal health globally. Among these, zoonotic diseases account for billions of cases of human illness and millions of deaths every year, representing an increasing public health problem. Chikungunya virus belongs to the genus Alphavirus of the family Togariridae, and is transmitted mainly by the bite of female mosquitoes of the Aedes aegypti and/or A. albopictus species. The focus of this review will be on the medicinal chemistry of Chikungunya virus, including synthetic and natural products, as well as rationally designed compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edeildo F da Silva-Júnior
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, Nursing and Pharmacy School, Federal University of Alagoas, Lourival Melo Motta Avenue, Tabuleiro dos Martins, 57072-900 Maceió, Brazil; Chemistry and Biotechnology Institute, Federal University of Alagoas, Lourival Melo Motta Avenue, Tabuleiro dos Martins, 57072-900 Maceió, Brazil.
| | - Giovanni O Leoncini
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, Nursing and Pharmacy School, Federal University of Alagoas, Lourival Melo Motta Avenue, Tabuleiro dos Martins, 57072-900 Maceió, Brazil; Chemistry and Biotechnology Institute, Federal University of Alagoas, Lourival Melo Motta Avenue, Tabuleiro dos Martins, 57072-900 Maceió, Brazil
| | - Érica E S Rodrigues
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, Nursing and Pharmacy School, Federal University of Alagoas, Lourival Melo Motta Avenue, Tabuleiro dos Martins, 57072-900 Maceió, Brazil
| | - Thiago M Aquino
- Chemistry and Biotechnology Institute, Federal University of Alagoas, Lourival Melo Motta Avenue, Tabuleiro dos Martins, 57072-900 Maceió, Brazil
| | - João X Araújo-Júnior
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, Nursing and Pharmacy School, Federal University of Alagoas, Lourival Melo Motta Avenue, Tabuleiro dos Martins, 57072-900 Maceió, Brazil; Chemistry and Biotechnology Institute, Federal University of Alagoas, Lourival Melo Motta Avenue, Tabuleiro dos Martins, 57072-900 Maceió, Brazil.
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Peng M, Watanabe S, Chan KWK, He Q, Zhao Y, Zhang Z, Lai X, Luo D, Vasudevan SG, Li G. Luteolin restricts dengue virus replication through inhibition of the proprotein convertase furin. Antiviral Res 2017; 143:176-185. [DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2017.03.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2016] [Revised: 02/14/2017] [Accepted: 03/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Flavonoids: promising natural compounds against viral infections. Arch Virol 2017; 162:2539-2551. [PMID: 28547385 PMCID: PMC7087220 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-017-3417-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 254] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2017] [Accepted: 04/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Flavonoids are widely distributed as secondary metabolites produced by plants and play important roles in plant physiology, having a variety of potential biological benefits such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, antibacterial, antifungal and antiviral activity. Different flavonoids have been investigated for their potential antiviral activities and several of them exhibited significant antiviral properties in in vitro and even in vivo studies. This review summarizes the evidence for antiviral activity of different flavonoids, highlighting, where investigated, the cellular and molecular mechanisms of action on viruses. We also present future perspectives on therapeutic applications of flavonoids against viral infections.
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Moteetee A, Seleteng Kose L. Medicinal plants used in Lesotho for treatment of reproductive and post reproductive problems. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2016; 194:827-849. [PMID: 27780751 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2016.10.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2016] [Revised: 10/11/2016] [Accepted: 10/20/2016] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Reproductive healthcare has been highlighted as a major challenge in Lesotho mainly due to the high prevalence of HIV/AIDS and sexually transmitted infections. As a result other reproductive ailments have not received much attention, particularly because healthcare facilities are already limited and many of them are inaccessible. For these reasons, medicinal plants play a major role in primary healthcare system in the country, in addition the plants are easily accessible, more affordable, and their use forms part of the cultural heritage. However, documentation of medicinal plants used for reproductive ailments is scattered, more importantly the biological and pharmacological properties, as well as toxicity of many of these plants are not yet known. AIM OF THE STUDY To document the plants used by both male and female Basotho (residing in Lesotho) for the treatment of reproductive ailments, to explore their recorded biological and pharmacological effects as well as their toxicity, and to establish if these plants are used for similar purposes in other southern African cultures. MATERIALS AND METHODS The results stem from published findings of recent interviews of traditional medicinal practitioners in the Maseru District of Lesotho, first author's own experiences and observations from the Qacha's Nek District as well as comprehensive literature survey including numerous books and unpublished data. Electronic databases such as Google, Google Scholar, PubMed, and ScienceDirect were also used to search for the chemical compounds, pharmacological activity, and toxicity of the plants. RESULTS A total of 87 plant species are reported to be used for the treatment of several reproductive problems such as infertility, complications associated with pregnancy (twelve plants are used to treat conditions such as colic, heartburn, nausea, and constipation), cleansing and/ or toning of the uterus (with a purpose either to induce pregnancy or to get rid of the placenta, for example Withania somnifera and Zantedeschia albomaculata), difficult childbirth, as well treatment of breast and cervical cancer, cysts, fibroids, and testicular tumours (e.g. Hypoxis hemerocallidea). For the toning of the uterus, it is common to use a combination of plants, e.g. Gunnera perpensa, Scabiosa columbaria, and Eriospermum ornithogaloides. CONCLUSIONS Of the 87 plants used for reproductive healthcare, the highest number (31) is used for the treatment of infertility (in both men and women). The pharmacological effects, active compounds, and toxicology of many of these plants are not yet known.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Moteetee
- Department of Botany and Plant Biotechnology, University of Johannesburg, P.O. Box 524, Auckland Park 2006, Johannesburg, South Africa.
| | - L Seleteng Kose
- Department of Botany and Plant Biotechnology, University of Johannesburg, P.O. Box 524, Auckland Park 2006, Johannesburg, South Africa
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Apigenin inhibits African swine fever virus infection in vitro. Arch Virol 2016; 161:3445-3453. [PMID: 27638776 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-016-3061-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2016] [Accepted: 09/12/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
African swine fever virus (ASFV) is one of the most devastating diseases of domestic pigs for which no effective vaccines are available. Flavonoids, natural products isolated from plants, have been reported to have significant in vitro and in vivo antiviral activity against different viruses. Here, we tested the antiviral effect of five flavonoids on the replication of ASFV in Vero cells. Our results showed a potent, dose-dependent anti-ASFV effect of apigenin in vitro. Time-of-addition experiments revealed that apigenin was highly effective at the early stages of infection. Apigenin reduced the ASFV yield by more than 99.99 % when it was added at 1 hpi. The antiviral activity of apigenin was further investigated by evaluation of ASFV protein synthesis and viral factories. This flavonoid inhibited ASFV-specific protein synthesis and viral factory formation. ASFV-infected cells continuously treated with apigenin did not display a cytopathic effect. Further studies addressing the use of apigenin in vivo are needed.
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Mushroom ( Agaricus bisporus ) polyphenoloxidase inhibited by apigenin: Multi-spectroscopic analyses and computational docking simulation. Food Chem 2016; 203:430-439. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2016.02.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2015] [Revised: 02/05/2016] [Accepted: 02/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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Martínez-Pulgarín DF, Chowdhury FR, Villamil-Gomez WE, Rodriguez-Morales AJ, Blohm GM, Paniz-Mondolfi AE. Ophthalmologic aspects of chikungunya infection. Travel Med Infect Dis 2016; 14:451-457. [PMID: 27238905 DOI: 10.1016/j.tmaid.2016.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2016] [Revised: 05/05/2016] [Accepted: 05/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Chikungunya fever, a viral disease epidemic in some parts of the world is newly introduced in the Americas. This is of considerable international concern, with a growing incidence owing to developing urbanization, tourism, and trade. Ocular manifestations of chikungunya fever are not frequent, but of great relevance. Common manifestations include conjunctivitis, optic neuritis, iridocyclitis, episcleritis, retinitis and uveitis. Diagnostic and monitoring investigations would include optical coherence tomography, fundus fluorescein and indocyanine green angiography, visual field analysis, and electrophysiologic tests. There have been no prospective, randomized therapeutic trials, and it is unclear if the disease is self-limiting or if treatment is actually beneficial. Prognosis varies, ranging from full resolution to permanent vision loss despite intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dayron F Martínez-Pulgarín
- Research Group and Incubator Public Health and Infection, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Tecnologica de Pereira, Pereira, Risaralda, Colombia
| | - Fazle Rabbi Chowdhury
- Department of Medicine, Sylhet M. A. G. Osmani Medical College Hospital, Sylhet, Bangladesh
| | - Wilmer E Villamil-Gomez
- Infectious Diseases and Infection Control Research Group, Hospital Universitario de Sincelejo, Sincelejo, Sucre, Colombia; Programa del Doctorado de Medicina Tropical, Universidad de Cartagena, Cartagena, Universidad del Atlántico, Barranquilla, Colombia; Committee on Zoonoses and Haemorrhagic Fevers, Asociación Colombiana de Infectología (ACIN), Bogotá, DC, Colombia
| | - Alfonso J Rodriguez-Morales
- Research Group and Incubator Public Health and Infection, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Tecnologica de Pereira, Pereira, Risaralda, Colombia; Infectious Diseases and Infection Control Research Group, Hospital Universitario de Sincelejo, Sincelejo, Sucre, Colombia; Committee on Zoonoses and Haemorrhagic Fevers, Asociación Colombiana de Infectología (ACIN), Bogotá, DC, Colombia; Organización Latinoamericana para el Fomento de la Investigación en Salud (OLFIS), Bucaramanga, Santander, Colombia.
| | - Gabriela M Blohm
- Department of Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Alberto E Paniz-Mondolfi
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Hospital Internacional, Barquisimeto, Venezuela; Laboratory of Biochemistry, Instituto de Biomedicina/IVSS, Caracas, Venezuela
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Seyedi SS, Shukri M, Hassandarvish P, Oo A, Muthu SE, Abubakar S, Zandi K. Computational Approach Towards Exploring Potential Anti-Chikungunya Activity of Selected Flavonoids. Sci Rep 2016; 6:24027. [PMID: 27071308 PMCID: PMC4829834 DOI: 10.1038/srep24027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2015] [Accepted: 03/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) is a mosquito-borne alphavirus that causes chikungunya infection in humans. Despite the widespread distribution of CHIKV, no antiviral medication or vaccine is available against this virus. Therefore, it is crucial to find an effective compound to combat CHIKV. We aimed to predict the possible interactions between non-structural protein 3 (nsP) of CHIKV as one of the most important viral elements in CHIKV intracellular replication and 3 potential flavonoids using a computational approach. The 3-dimensional structure of nsP3 was retrieved from the Protein Data Bank, prepared and, using AutoDock Vina, docked with baicalin, naringenin and quercetagetin as ligands. The first-rated ligand with the strongest binding affinity towards the targeted protein was determined based on the minimum binding energy. Further analysis was conducted to identify both the active site of the protein that reacts with the tested ligands and all of the existing intermolecular bonds. Compared to the other ligands, baicalin was identified as the most potential inhibitor of viral activity by showing the best binding affinity (-9.8 kcal/mol). Baicalin can be considered a good candidate for further evaluation as a potentially efficient antiviral against CHIKV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyedeh Somayeh Seyedi
- Tropical Infectious Diseases Research and Education Center, Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Munirah Shukri
- Tropical Infectious Diseases Research and Education Center, Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Pouya Hassandarvish
- Tropical Infectious Diseases Research and Education Center, Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Adrian Oo
- Tropical Infectious Diseases Research and Education Center, Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Shankar Esaki Muthu
- Tropical Infectious Diseases Research and Education Center, Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Sazaly Abubakar
- Tropical Infectious Diseases Research and Education Center, Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Keivan Zandi
- Tropical Infectious Diseases Research and Education Center, Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Wang Q, Zhang J, Liu M, Yang J, Zhang XM, Zhou L, Cao L, Liao XL. Modified Syntheses of the Dietary Flavonoid Luteolin. JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL RESEARCH 2015. [DOI: 10.3184/174751915x14404221529907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Two novel syntheses of the flavone luteolin are described. In the first, 3,5-dimethoxyphenol was converted to 2-hydroxy-4,6-dimethoxyacetophenone and then by condensation with 3,4-dimethoxybenzaldehyde to 2′-hydroxy-3,4,4′,6′-tetramethoxychalcone. In the second, the chalcone step was prepared in which 3,5-dimethoxyphenol was acylated with 3,4-dimethoxycinnamoyl chloride. The chalcone was then cyclised with iodine and demethylated with pyridine hydrochloride to form luteolin in 47% and 40% overall yield, respectively. Several disadvantages of previous syntheses like long reaction time, harsh reaction conditions and low overall yield have been overcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Wang
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, 727 South Jingming Road, Chenggong District, Kunming, Yunnan Province 650500, P.R. China
| | - Ji Zhang
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, 727 South Jingming Road, Chenggong District, Kunming, Yunnan Province 650500, P.R. China
| | - Man Liu
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, 727 South Jingming Road, Chenggong District, Kunming, Yunnan Province 650500, P.R. China
| | - Jian Yang
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, 727 South Jingming Road, Chenggong District, Kunming, Yunnan Province 650500, P.R. China
| | - Xiang-ming Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Nankai University, 94 Weijin Road, Nankai District, Tianjin 300071, P.R. China
- Tianjin International Joint Academy of Biomedicine, 220 Dongting Road, Tianjin Economic and Technological Development Zone, Tianjin 300457, P.R. China
| | - Lei Zhou
- College of Pharmacy, Nankai University, 94 Weijin Road, Nankai District, Tianjin 300071, P.R. China
- Tianjin International Joint Academy of Biomedicine, 220 Dongting Road, Tianjin Economic and Technological Development Zone, Tianjin 300457, P.R. China
| | - Lang Cao
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, 727 South Jingming Road, Chenggong District, Kunming, Yunnan Province 650500, P.R. China
| | - Xia-li Liao
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, 727 South Jingming Road, Chenggong District, Kunming, Yunnan Province 650500, P.R. China
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