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Li Z, Wang D, Li J, Liu H, Nie L, Li C. Bone Regeneration Facilitated by Autologous Bioscaffold Material: Liquid Phase of Concentrated Growth Factor with Dental Follicle Stem Cell Loading. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2024; 10:3173-3187. [PMID: 38605468 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.3c01981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
The application of bioengineering techniques for achieving bone regeneration in the oral environment is an increasingly prominent field. However, the clinical use of synthetic materials carries certain risks. The liquid phase of concentrated growth factor (LPCGF), as a biologically derived material, exhibits superior biocompatibility. In this study, LPCGF was employed as a tissue engineering scaffold, hosting dental follicle cells (DFCs) to facilitate bone regeneration. Both in vivo and in vitro experimental results demonstrate that this platform significantly enhances the expression of osteogenic markers in DFCs, such as alkaline phosphatase (ALP), runt-related transcription factor 2 (Runx2), and type I collagen (Col1a1). Simultaneously, it reduces the expression of inflammation-related genes, particularly interleukin-6 (IL-6) and interleukin-8 (IL-8), thereby alleviating the negative impact of the inflammatory microenvironment on DFCs. Further investigation into potential mechanisms reveals that this process is regulated over time by the WNT pathway. Our research results demonstrate that LPCGF, with its favorable physical characteristics, holds great potential as a scaffold. It can effectively carry DFCs, thereby providing an optimal initial environment for bone regeneration. Furthermore, LPCGF endeavors to closely mimic the mechanisms of bone healing post-trauma to facilitate bone formation. This offers new perspectives and insights into bone regeneration engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhentao Li
- Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, No. 426 Songshi North Road, Yubei District, Chongqing 401147, China
| | - Di Wang
- Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, No. 426 Songshi North Road, Yubei District, Chongqing 401147, China
| | - Jie Li
- College of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University, No. 426 Songshi North Road, Yubei District, Chongqing 401147, China
| | - Hao Liu
- Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, No. 426 Songshi North Road, Yubei District, Chongqing 401147, China
| | - Li Nie
- Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, No. 426 Songshi North Road, Yubei District, Chongqing 401147, China
| | - Conghua Li
- Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, No. 426 Songshi North Road, Yubei District, Chongqing 401147, China
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Purbantoro SD, Taephatthanasagon T, Purwaningrum M, Hirankanokchot T, Peralta S, Fiani N, Sawangmake C, Rattanapuchpong S. Trends of regenerative tissue engineering for oral and maxillofacial reconstruction in veterinary medicine. Front Vet Sci 2024; 11:1325559. [PMID: 38450027 PMCID: PMC10915013 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2024.1325559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Oral and maxillofacial (OMF) defects are not limited to humans and are often encountered in other species. Reconstructing significant tissue defects requires an excellent strategy for efficient and cost-effective treatment. In this regard, tissue engineering comprising stem cells, scaffolds, and signaling molecules is emerging as an innovative approach to treating OMF defects in veterinary patients. This review presents a comprehensive overview of OMF defects and tissue engineering principles to establish proper treatment and achieve both hard and soft tissue regeneration in veterinary practice. Moreover, bench-to-bedside future opportunities and challenges of tissue engineering usage are also addressed in this literature review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven Dwi Purbantoro
- Veterinary Stem Cell and Bioengineering Innovation Center (VSCBIC), Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Veterinary Stem Cell and Bioengineering Research Unit, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Teeanutree Taephatthanasagon
- Veterinary Stem Cell and Bioengineering Innovation Center (VSCBIC), Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Veterinary Stem Cell and Bioengineering Research Unit, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Medania Purwaningrum
- Veterinary Stem Cell and Bioengineering Innovation Center (VSCBIC), Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Veterinary Stem Cell and Bioengineering Research Unit, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Thanyathorn Hirankanokchot
- Veterinary Stem Cell and Bioengineering Innovation Center (VSCBIC), Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Santiago Peralta
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States
| | - Nadine Fiani
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States
| | - Chenphop Sawangmake
- Veterinary Stem Cell and Bioengineering Innovation Center (VSCBIC), Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Veterinary Stem Cell and Bioengineering Research Unit, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Center of Excellence in Regenerative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Sirirat Rattanapuchpong
- Veterinary Stem Cell and Bioengineering Innovation Center (VSCBIC), Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Veterinary Stem Cell and Bioengineering Research Unit, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Academic Affairs, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
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Chang YT, Lai CC, Lin DJ. Collagen Scaffolds Laden with Human Periodontal Ligament Fibroblasts Promote Periodontal Regeneration in SD Rat Model. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:2649. [PMID: 37376295 DOI: 10.3390/polym15122649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Revised: 05/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Periodontitis, a chronic inflammatory disease caused by microbial communities carrying pathogens, leads to the loss of tooth-supporting tissues and is a significant contributor to tooth loss. This study aims to develop a novel injectable cell-laden hydrogel consisted of collagen (COL), riboflavin, and a dental light-emitting diode (LED) photo-cross-linking process for periodontal regeneration. Utilizing α-SMA and ALP immunofluorescence markers, we confirmed the differentiation of human periodontal ligament fibroblasts (HPLFs) into myofibroblasts and preosteoblasts within collagen scaffolds in vitro. Twenty-four rats with three-wall artificial periodontal defects were divided into four groups, Blank, COL_LED, COL_HPLF, and COL_HPLF_LED, and histomorphometrically assessed after 6 weeks. Notably, the COL_HPLF_LED group showed less relative epithelial downgrowth (p < 0.01 for Blank, p < 0.05 for COL_LED and COL_HPLF), and the relative residual bone defect was significantly reduced in the COL_HPLF_LED group compared to the Blank and the COL_LED group (p < 0.05). The results indicated that LED photo-cross-linking collagen scaffolds possess sufficient strength to withstand the forces of surgical process and biting, providing support for HPLF cells embedded within them. The secretion of cells is suggested to promote the repair of adjacent tissues, including well-oriented periodontal ligament and alveolar bone regeneration. The approach developed in this study demonstrates clinical feasibility and holds promise for achieving both functional and structural regeneration of periodontal defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Tao Chang
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Science, School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan
- School of Dentistry, College of Dentistry, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan
| | - Chuan-Ching Lai
- Department of Post-Baccalaureate Veterinary Medicine, Asia University, Taichung 413, Taiwan
- Department of Physical Therapy, Asia University, Taichung 413, Taiwan
| | - Dan-Jae Lin
- School of Dentistry, College of Dentistry, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan
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Yang C, Du XY, Luo W. Clinical application prospects and transformation value of dental follicle stem cells in oral and neurological diseases. World J Stem Cells 2023; 15:136-149. [PMID: 37181000 PMCID: PMC10173814 DOI: 10.4252/wjsc.v15.i4.136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Revised: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 04/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Since dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) were first reported, six types of dental SCs (DSCs) have been isolated and identified. DSCs originating from the craniofacial neural crest exhibit dental-like tissue differentiation potential and neuro-ectodermal features. As a member of DSCs, dental follicle SCs (DFSCs) are the only cell type obtained at the early developing stage of the tooth prior to eruption. Dental follicle tissue has the distinct advantage of large tissue volume compared with other dental tissues, which is a prerequisite for obtaining a sufficient number of cells to meet the needs of clinical applications. Furthermore, DFSCs exhibit a significantly higher cell proliferation rate, higher colony-formation capacity, and more primitive and better anti-inflammatory effects than other DSCs. In this respect, DFSCs have the potential to be of great clinical significance and translational value in oral and neurological diseases, with natural advantages based on their origin. Lastly, cryopreservation preserves the biological properties of DFSCs and enables them to be used as off-shelf products for clinical applications. This review summarizes and comments on the properties, application potential, and clinical transformation value of DFSCs, thereby inspiring novel perspectives in the future treatment of oral and neurological diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Yang
- Research and Development Department, Shenzhen Uni-medica Technology Co., Ltd, Shenzhen 518051, Guangdong Province, China
- Department of Stomatology, The People’s Hospital of Longhua, Shenzhen 518109, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Xin-Ya Du
- Department of Stomatology, The People’s Hospital of Longhua, Shenzhen 518109, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Wen Luo
- Department of Stomatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou 570102, Hainan Province, China
- School of Stomatology, Hainan Medical University, Haikou 571199, Hainan Province, China
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Carvalho S, Santos JI, Moreira L, Gonçalves M, David H, Matos L, Encarnação M, Alves S, Coutinho MF. Neurological Disease Modeling Using Pluripotent and Multipotent Stem Cells: A Key Step towards Understanding and Treating Mucopolysaccharidoses. Biomedicines 2023; 11:biomedicines11041234. [PMID: 37189853 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11041234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Revised: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite extensive research, the links between the accumulation of glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) and the clinical features seen in patients suffering from various forms of mucopolysaccharidoses (MPSs) have yet to be further elucidated. This is particularly true for the neuropathology of these disorders; the neurological symptoms are currently incurable, even in the cases where a disease-specific therapeutic approach does exist. One of the best ways to get insights on the molecular mechanisms driving that pathogenesis is the analysis of patient-derived cells. Yet, not every patient-derived cell recapitulates relevant disease features. For the neuronopathic forms of MPSs, for example, this is particularly evident because of the obvious inability to access live neurons. This scenario changed significantly with the advent of induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) technologies. From then on, a series of differentiation protocols to generate neurons from iPSC was developed and extensively used for disease modeling. Currently, human iPSC and iPSC-derived cell models have been generated for several MPSs and numerous lessons were learnt from their analysis. Here we review most of those studies, not only listing the currently available MPS iPSC lines and their derived models, but also summarizing how they were generated and the major information different groups have gathered from their analyses. Finally, and taking into account that iPSC generation is a laborious/expensive protocol that holds significant limitations, we also hypothesize on a tempting alternative to establish MPS patient-derived neuronal cells in a much more expedite way, by taking advantage of the existence of a population of multipotent stem cells in human dental pulp to establish mixed neuronal and glial cultures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia Carvalho
- Research and Development Unit, Department of Human Genetics, National Institute of Health Doutor Ricardo Jorge, INSA I.P., Rua Alexandre Herculano, 321, 4000-055 Porto, Portugal
- Center for the Study of Animal Science-Instituto de Ciências, Tecnologias e Agroambiente da Universidade do Porto, CECA-ICETA, University of Porto, Praça Gomes Teixeira, Apartado 55142, 4051-401 Porto, Portugal
- Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Sciences, AL4AnimalS, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária Avenida da Universidade Técnica, 1300-477 Lisboa, Portugal
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Polo das Ciências da Saúde, Azinhaga de SantaComba, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Juliana Inês Santos
- Research and Development Unit, Department of Human Genetics, National Institute of Health Doutor Ricardo Jorge, INSA I.P., Rua Alexandre Herculano, 321, 4000-055 Porto, Portugal
- Center for the Study of Animal Science-Instituto de Ciências, Tecnologias e Agroambiente da Universidade do Porto, CECA-ICETA, University of Porto, Praça Gomes Teixeira, Apartado 55142, 4051-401 Porto, Portugal
- Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Sciences, AL4AnimalS, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária Avenida da Universidade Técnica, 1300-477 Lisboa, Portugal
- Biology Department, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
| | - Luciana Moreira
- Research and Development Unit, Department of Human Genetics, National Institute of Health Doutor Ricardo Jorge, INSA I.P., Rua Alexandre Herculano, 321, 4000-055 Porto, Portugal
- Center for the Study of Animal Science-Instituto de Ciências, Tecnologias e Agroambiente da Universidade do Porto, CECA-ICETA, University of Porto, Praça Gomes Teixeira, Apartado 55142, 4051-401 Porto, Portugal
- Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Sciences, AL4AnimalS, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária Avenida da Universidade Técnica, 1300-477 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Mariana Gonçalves
- Research and Development Unit, Department of Human Genetics, National Institute of Health Doutor Ricardo Jorge, INSA I.P., Rua Alexandre Herculano, 321, 4000-055 Porto, Portugal
- Center for the Study of Animal Science-Instituto de Ciências, Tecnologias e Agroambiente da Universidade do Porto, CECA-ICETA, University of Porto, Praça Gomes Teixeira, Apartado 55142, 4051-401 Porto, Portugal
- Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Sciences, AL4AnimalS, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária Avenida da Universidade Técnica, 1300-477 Lisboa, Portugal
- Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences, CITAB, Inov4Agro, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Hugo David
- Research and Development Unit, Department of Human Genetics, National Institute of Health Doutor Ricardo Jorge, INSA I.P., Rua Alexandre Herculano, 321, 4000-055 Porto, Portugal
- Center for the Study of Animal Science-Instituto de Ciências, Tecnologias e Agroambiente da Universidade do Porto, CECA-ICETA, University of Porto, Praça Gomes Teixeira, Apartado 55142, 4051-401 Porto, Portugal
- Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Sciences, AL4AnimalS, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária Avenida da Universidade Técnica, 1300-477 Lisboa, Portugal
- Biology Department, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
| | - Liliana Matos
- Research and Development Unit, Department of Human Genetics, National Institute of Health Doutor Ricardo Jorge, INSA I.P., Rua Alexandre Herculano, 321, 4000-055 Porto, Portugal
- Center for the Study of Animal Science-Instituto de Ciências, Tecnologias e Agroambiente da Universidade do Porto, CECA-ICETA, University of Porto, Praça Gomes Teixeira, Apartado 55142, 4051-401 Porto, Portugal
- Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Sciences, AL4AnimalS, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária Avenida da Universidade Técnica, 1300-477 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Marisa Encarnação
- Research and Development Unit, Department of Human Genetics, National Institute of Health Doutor Ricardo Jorge, INSA I.P., Rua Alexandre Herculano, 321, 4000-055 Porto, Portugal
- Center for the Study of Animal Science-Instituto de Ciências, Tecnologias e Agroambiente da Universidade do Porto, CECA-ICETA, University of Porto, Praça Gomes Teixeira, Apartado 55142, 4051-401 Porto, Portugal
- Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Sciences, AL4AnimalS, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária Avenida da Universidade Técnica, 1300-477 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Sandra Alves
- Research and Development Unit, Department of Human Genetics, National Institute of Health Doutor Ricardo Jorge, INSA I.P., Rua Alexandre Herculano, 321, 4000-055 Porto, Portugal
- Center for the Study of Animal Science-Instituto de Ciências, Tecnologias e Agroambiente da Universidade do Porto, CECA-ICETA, University of Porto, Praça Gomes Teixeira, Apartado 55142, 4051-401 Porto, Portugal
- Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Sciences, AL4AnimalS, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária Avenida da Universidade Técnica, 1300-477 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Maria Francisca Coutinho
- Research and Development Unit, Department of Human Genetics, National Institute of Health Doutor Ricardo Jorge, INSA I.P., Rua Alexandre Herculano, 321, 4000-055 Porto, Portugal
- Center for the Study of Animal Science-Instituto de Ciências, Tecnologias e Agroambiente da Universidade do Porto, CECA-ICETA, University of Porto, Praça Gomes Teixeira, Apartado 55142, 4051-401 Porto, Portugal
- Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Sciences, AL4AnimalS, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária Avenida da Universidade Técnica, 1300-477 Lisboa, Portugal
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Maxillofacial-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells: Characteristics and Progress in Tissue Regeneration. Stem Cells Int 2021; 2021:5516521. [PMID: 34426741 PMCID: PMC8379387 DOI: 10.1155/2021/5516521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Revised: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Maxillofacial-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MFSCs) are a particular collective type of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) that originate from the hard and soft tissue of the maxillofacial region. Recently, many types of MFSCs have been isolated and characterized. MFSCs have the common characteristics of being extremely accessible and amazingly multipotent and thus have become a promising stem cell resource in tissue regeneration. However, different MFSCs can give rise to different cell lineages, have different advantages in clinical use, and regulate the immune and inflammation microenvironment through paracrine mechanisms in different ways. Hence, in this review, we will concentrate on the updated new findings of all types of MFSCs in tissue regeneration and also introduce the recently discovered types of MFSCs. Important issues about proliferation and differentiation in vitro and in vivo, up-to-date clinical application, and paracrine effect of MFSCs in tissue regeneration will also be discussed. Our review may provide a better guide for the clinical use of MFSCs and further direction of research in MFSC regeneration medicine.
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Function of Dental Follicle Progenitor/Stem Cells and Their Potential in Regenerative Medicine: From Mechanisms to Applications. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11070997. [PMID: 34356621 PMCID: PMC8301812 DOI: 10.3390/biom11070997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 07/04/2021] [Accepted: 07/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Dental follicle progenitor/stem cells (DFPCs) are a group of dental mesenchyme stem cells that lie in the dental follicle and play a critical role in tooth development and maintaining function. Originating from neural crest, DFPCs harbor a multipotential differentiation capacity. More importantly, they have superiorities, including the easy accessibility and abundant sources, active self-renewal ability and noncontroversial sources compared with other stem cells, making them an attractive candidate in the field of tissue engineering. Recent advances highlight the excellent properties of DFPCs in regeneration of orofacial tissues, including alveolar bone repair, periodontium regeneration and bio-root complex formation. Furthermore, they play a unique role in maintaining a favorable microenvironment for stem cells, immunomodulation and nervous related tissue regeneration. This review is intended to summarize the current knowledge of DFPCs, including their stem cell properties, physiological functions and clinical application potential. A deep understanding of DFPCs can thus inspire novel perspectives in regenerative medicine in the future.
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E LL, Zhang R, Li CJ, Zhang S, Ma XC, Xiao R, Liu HC. Effects of rhBMP-2 on Bone Formation Capacity of Rat Dental Stem/Progenitor Cells from Dental Follicle and Alveolar Bone Marrow. Stem Cells Dev 2021; 30:441-457. [PMID: 33798004 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2020.0170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Dental stem/progenitor cells are a promising cell sources for alveolar bone (AB) regeneration because of their same embryonic origin and superior osteogenic potential. However, their molecular processes during osteogenic differentiation remain unclear. The objective of this study was to identify the responsiveness of dental follicle cells (DFCs) and AB marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ABM-MSCs) to recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2 (rhBMP-2). These cells expressed vimentin and MSC markers and did not express cytokeratin and hematopoietic stem cell markers and showed multilineage differentiation potential under specific culture conditions. DFCs exhibited higher proliferation and colony-forming unit-fibroblast efficiency than ABM-MSCs; rhBMP-2 induced DFCs to differentiate toward a cementoblast/osteoblast phenotype and ABM-MSCs to differentiate only toward a osteoblast phenotype; and rhBMP-2-induced DFCs exhibited higher osteogenic differentiation potential than ABM-MSCs. These cells adhered, grew, and produced extracellular matrix on nanohydroxyapatite/collagen/poly(l-lactide) (nHAC/PLA). During a 14-day culture on nHAC/PLA, the extracellular alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity of DFCs decreased gradually and that of ABM-MSCs increased gradually; rhBMP-2 enhanced their extracellular ALP activity, intracellular osteocalcin (OCN), and osteopontin (OPN) protein expression; and DFCs exhibited higher extracellular ALP activity and intracellular OCN protein expression than ABM-MSCs. When implanted subcutaneously in severe combined immunodeficient mice for 3 months, DFCs+nHAC/PLA+rhBMP-2 obtained higher percentage of bone formation area, OCN, and cementum attachment protein expression and lower OPN expression than ABM-MSCs+nHAC/PLA+rhBMP-2. These results showed that DFCs possessed superior proliferation and osteogenic differentiation potential in vitro, and formed higher quantity and quality bones in vivo. It suggested that DFCs might exhibit a more sensitive responsiveness to rhBMP-2, so that DFCs enter a relatively mature stage of osteogenic differentiation earlier than ABM-MSCs after rhBMP-2 induction. The findings imply that these dental stem/progenitor cells are alternative sources for AB engineering in regenerative medicine, and developing dental tissue may provide better source for stem/progenitor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling-Ling E
- Institute of Stomatology, First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Rong Zhang
- Institute of Stomatology, First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Chuan-Jie Li
- Institute of Stomatology, First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Shuo Zhang
- Institute of Stomatology, First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao-Cao Ma
- Institute of Stomatology, First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Rui Xiao
- Institute of Stomatology, First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Hong-Chen Liu
- Institute of Stomatology, First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
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VPS4B mutation impairs the osteogenic differentiation of dental follicle cells derived from a patient with dentin dysplasia type I. Int J Oral Sci 2020; 12:22. [PMID: 32737282 PMCID: PMC7395790 DOI: 10.1038/s41368-020-00088-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2020] [Revised: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
A splicing mutation in VPS4B can cause dentin dysplasia type I (DD-I), a hereditary autosomal-dominant disorder characterized by rootless teeth, the etiology of which is genetically heterogeneous. In our study, dental follicle cells (DFCs) were isolated and cultured from a patient with DD-I and compared with those from an age-matched, healthy control. In a previous study, this DD-I patient was confirmed to have a loss-of-function splicing mutation in VPS4B (IVS7 + 46C > G). The results from this study showed that the isolated DFCs were vimentin-positive and CK14-negative, indicating that the isolated cells were derived from the mesenchyme. DFCs harboring the VPS4B mutation had a significantly higher proliferation rate from day 3 to day 8 than control DFCs, indicating that VPS4B is involved in cell proliferation. The cells were then replenished with osteogenic medium to investigate how the VPS4B mutation affected osteogenic differentiation. Induction of osteogenesis, detected by alizarin red and alkaline phosphatase staining in vitro, was decreased in the DFCs from the DD-I patient compared to the control DFCs. Furthermore, we also found that the VPS4B mutation in the DD-I patient downregulated the expression of osteoblast-related genes, such as ALP, BSP, OCN, RUNX2, and their encoded proteins. These outcomes confirmed that the DD-I-associated VPS4B mutation could decrease the capacity of DFCs to differentiate during the mineralization process and may also impair physiological root formation and bone remodeling. This might provide valuable insights and implications for exploring the pathological mechanisms underlying DD-I root development.
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Wang HT, Wang JN, Li ZZ, Xia HF, Wang CF, Cai Y, Zhao YF, Ren JG, Zhao JH. Effects of bleomycin on tooth eruption: a novel potential application. Eur J Pharm Sci 2020; 144:105214. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2020.105214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2019] [Revised: 11/14/2019] [Accepted: 01/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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Dental Follicle Cells: Roles in Development and Beyond. Stem Cells Int 2019; 2019:9159605. [PMID: 31636679 PMCID: PMC6766151 DOI: 10.1155/2019/9159605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2019] [Accepted: 08/16/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Dental follicle cells (DFCs) are a group of mesenchymal progenitor cells surrounding the tooth germ, responsible for cementum, periodontal ligament, and alveolar bone formation in tooth development. Cascades of signaling pathways and transcriptional factors in DFCs are involved in directing tooth eruption and tooth root morphogenesis. Substantial researches have been made to decipher multiple aspects of DFCs, including multilineage differentiation, senescence, and immunomodulatory ability. DFCs were proved to be multipotent progenitors with decent amplification, immunosuppressed and acquisition ability. They are able to differentiate into osteoblasts/cementoblasts, adipocytes, neuron-like cells, and so forth. The excellent properties of DFCs facilitated clinical application, as exemplified by bone tissue engineering, tooth root regeneration, and periodontium regeneration. Except for the oral and maxillofacial regeneration, DFCs were also expected to be applied in other tissues such as spinal cord defects (SCD), cardiomyocyte destruction. This article reviewed roles of DFCs in tooth development, their properties, and clinical application potentials, thus providing a novel guidance for tissue engineering.
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Mortadi NA, Khabour OF, Alzoubi KH. Considerations and beliefs in tooth donation to research in Jordan. Clin Cosmet Investig Dent 2018; 10:263-268. [PMID: 30532599 PMCID: PMC6241857 DOI: 10.2147/ccide.s185435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Research that involves dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) is growing rapidly. DPSCs can be used for the treatment of craniofacial bone abnormalities and tooth repair. The procedure requires a donation of sound teeth, which might be associated with ethical and moral issues. The purpose of this study was to understand the attitudes and awareness of patients with respect to the donation of their teeth to research. Patients and methods This study involved 500 patients recruited from Dental Care and Dental Teaching Center in Irbid during May 2017-July 2017. Results A well-structured questionnaire was administered and prepared using Google forms and filled out using a tablet device. The majority of patients (62.8%) were willing to donate their teeth to research with significant association with educational level. Half of the patients considered that the donated tooth belongs to them even after extraction, whereas 19% believed that the researcher owns it after donation. Almost half (53.6%) of the participants wished to be informed about the type of scientific research that will be carried out on their teeth. The majority (66.5%) preferred to sign a consent document on tooth donation to research during the consultation visit before extraction. Finally, about 61% were worried that their tooth might be extracted for research purposes rather than medical purposes. Conclusion A good fraction of Jordanian is willing to donate their teeth to research. Educational programs are demanded to enhance the awareness and attitudes of patients on the ownership of extracted teeth, consent process, and donation of teeth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noor Al Mortadi
- Department of Applied Dental Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan,
| | - Omar F Khabour
- Department of Applied Medical Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Karem H Alzoubi
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
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13
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Zhai Q, Dong Z, Wang W, Li B, Jin Y. Dental stem cell and dental tissue regeneration. Front Med 2018; 13:152-159. [PMID: 29971640 DOI: 10.1007/s11684-018-0628-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2017] [Accepted: 12/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The teeth are highly differentiated chewing organs formed by the development of tooth germ tissue located in the jaw and consist of the enamel, dentin, cementum, pulp, and periodontal tissue. Moreover, the teeth have a complicated regulatory mechanism, special histologic origin, diverse structure, and important function in mastication, articulation, and aesthetics. These characteristics, to a certain extent, greatly complicate the research in tooth regeneration. Recently, new ideas for tooth and tissue regeneration have begun to appear with rapid developments in the theories and technologies in tissue engineering. Numerous types of stem cells have been isolated from dental tissue, such as dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs), stem cells isolated from human pulp of exfoliated deciduous teeth (SHED), periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs), stem cells from apical papilla (SCAPs), and dental follicle cells (DFCs). All these cells can regenerate the tissue of tooth. This review outlines the cell types and strategies of stem cell therapy applied in tooth regeneration, in order to provide theoretical basis for clinical treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiming Zhai
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Center for Tissue Engineering, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Zhiwei Dong
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, General Hospital of Shenyang Military Area Command, Shenyang, 110840, China
| | - Wei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Bei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Center for Tissue Engineering, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China. .,Xi'an Institute of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Xi'an, 710032, China.
| | - Yan Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Center for Tissue Engineering, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China. .,Xi'an Institute of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Xi'an, 710032, China.
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14
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LeBlanc ARH, Lamoureux DO, Caldwell MW. Mosasaurs and snakes have a periodontal ligament: timing and extent of calcification, not tissue complexity, determines tooth attachment mode in reptiles. J Anat 2017; 231:869-885. [PMID: 28901023 PMCID: PMC5696141 DOI: 10.1111/joa.12686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Squamates present a unique challenge to our understanding of dental evolution in amniotes because they are the only extant tooth-bearing group for which a ligamentous tooth attachment is considered to be absent. This has led to the assumption that mammals and crocodilians have convergently evolved a ligamentous tooth attachment, composed of root cementum, periodontal ligament, and alveolar bone, whereas squamates are thought to possess a single bone of attachment tissue that fuses teeth to the jaws. The identity and homology of tooth attachment tissues between squamates, crocodilians, and mammals have thus been a focal point of debate for decades. We provide a novel interpretation of the mineralized attachment tissues in two focal taxa in this debate, mosasaurids and snakes, and compare dental tissue histology with that of the extant crocodilian Caiman sclerops. We identify a periodontal ligament in these squamates that usually exists temporarily as a soft connective tissue anchoring each tooth to the alveolar bone. We also identify two instances where complete calcification of the periodontal ligament does not occur: in a durophagous mosasaur, and in the hinged teeth of fossil and modern snakes. We propose that the periodontal ligament rapidly calcifies in the majority of mosasaurids and snakes, ankylosing the tooth to the jaw. This gives the appearance of a single, bone-like tissue fusing the tooth to the jaw in ankylosed teeth, but is simply the end stage of dental tissue ontogeny in most snakes and mosasaurids.
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15
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The hedgehog-signaling pathway is repressed during the osteogenic differentiation of dental follicle cells. Mol Cell Biochem 2017; 428:79-86. [DOI: 10.1007/s11010-016-2918-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2016] [Accepted: 12/21/2016] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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16
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Abstract
Experimental studies have shown a great potential for periodontal regeneration. The limitations of periodontal regeneration largely depend on the regenerative potential at the root surface. Cellular intrinsic fiber cementum (CIFC), so-called bone-like tissue, may form instead of the desired acellular extrinsic fiber cementum (AEFC), and the interfacial tissue bonding may be weak. The periodontal ligament harbors progenitor cells that can differentiate into periodontal ligament fibroblasts, osteoblasts, and cementoblasts, but their precise location is unknown. It is also not known whether osteoblasts and cementoblasts arise from a common precursor cell line, or whether distinct precursor cell lines exist. Thus, there is limited knowledge about how cell diversity evolves in the space between the developing root and the alveolar bone. This review supports the hypothesis that AEFC is a unique tissue, while CIFC and bone share some similarities. Morphologically, functionally, and biochemically, however, CIFC is distinctly different from any bone type. There are several lines of evidence to propose that cementoblasts that produce both AEFC and CIFC are unique phenotypes that are unrelated to osteoblasts. Cementum attachment protein appears to be cementum-specific, and the expression of two proteoglycans, fibromodulin and lumican, appears to be stronger in CIFC than in bone. A theory is presented that may help explain how cell diversity evolves in the periodontal ligament. It proposes that Hertwig’s epithelial root sheath and cells derived from it play an essential role in the development and maintenance of the periodontium. The role of enamel matrix proteins in cementoblast and osteoblast differentiation and their potential use for tissue engineering are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- D D Bosshardt
- Department of Periodontology and Fixed Prosthodontics, School of Dental Medicine, University of Berne, Freiburgstrasse 7, CH-3010 Berne, Switzerland.
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17
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Chieruzzi M, Pagano S, Moretti S, Pinna R, Milia E, Torre L, Eramo S. Nanomaterials for Tissue Engineering In Dentistry. NANOMATERIALS 2016; 6:nano6070134. [PMID: 28335262 PMCID: PMC5224610 DOI: 10.3390/nano6070134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2016] [Revised: 07/04/2016] [Accepted: 07/18/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The tissue engineering (TE) of dental oral tissue is facing significant changes in clinical treatments in dentistry. TE is based on a stem cell, signaling molecule, and scaffold triad that must be known and calibrated with attention to specific sectors in dentistry. This review article shows a summary of micro- and nanomorphological characteristics of dental tissues, of stem cells available in the oral region, of signaling molecules usable in TE, and of scaffolds available to guide partial or total reconstruction of hard, soft, periodontal, and bone tissues. Some scaffoldless techniques used in TE are also presented. Then actual and future roles of nanotechnologies about TE in dentistry are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manila Chieruzzi
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering-UdR INSTM-University of Perugia, Strada di Pentima, 4-05100 Terni, Italy.
| | - Stefano Pagano
- Department of Surgical and Biomedical Sciences-University of Perugia, S. Andrea delle Fratte, 06156 Perugia, Italy.
| | - Silvia Moretti
- Department of Experimental Medicine-University of Perugia Polo Unico Sant'Andrea delle Fratte, 06132 Perugia, Italy.
| | - Roberto Pinna
- Department of Biomedical Science-University of Sassari viale San Pietro 43/C -07100 Sassari, Italy.
| | - Egle Milia
- Department of Biomedical Science-University of Sassari viale San Pietro 43/C -07100 Sassari, Italy.
| | - Luigi Torre
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering-UdR INSTM-University of Perugia, Strada di Pentima, 4-05100 Terni, Italy.
| | - Stefano Eramo
- Department of Surgical and Biomedical Sciences-University of Perugia, S. Andrea delle Fratte, 06156 Perugia, Italy.
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18
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Khojasteh A, Nazeman P, Rad MR. Dental Stem Cells in Oral, Maxillofacial and Craniofacial Regeneration. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-28947-2_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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19
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Jamal HA. Tooth Organ Bioengineering: Cell Sources and Innovative Approaches. Dent J (Basel) 2016; 4:dj4020018. [PMID: 29563460 PMCID: PMC5851265 DOI: 10.3390/dj4020018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2016] [Revised: 05/22/2016] [Accepted: 05/27/2016] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Various treatment approaches for restoring missing teeth are being utilized nowadays by using artificial dental crowns/bridges or the use of dental implants. All aforementioned restorative modalities are considered to be the conventional way of treating such cases. Although these artificial therapies are commonly used for tooth loss rehabilitation, they are still less conservative, show less biocompatibility and fail to restore the natural biological and physiological function. Adding to that, they are considered to be costly due to the risk of failure and they also require regular maintenance. Regenerative dentistry is currently considered a novel therapeutic concept with high potential for a complete recovery of the natural function and esthetics of teeth. Biological-cell based dental therapies would involve replacement of teeth by using stem cells that will ultimately grow a bioengineered tooth, thereby restoring both the biological and physiological functions of the natural tooth, and are considered to be the ultimate goal in regenerative dentistry. In this review, various stem cell-based therapeutic approaches for tooth organ bioengineering will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hasan A Jamal
- Independent Researcher, Ibrahim Al- Jaffali, Awali, Mecca 21955, Saudi Arabia.
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20
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Yu T, Volponi AA, Babb R, An Z, Sharpe PT. Stem Cells in Tooth Development, Growth, Repair, and Regeneration. Curr Top Dev Biol 2015; 115:187-212. [PMID: 26589926 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ctdb.2015.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Human teeth contain stem cells in all their mesenchymal-derived tissues, which include the pulp, periodontal ligament, and developing roots, in addition to the support tissues such as the alveolar bone. The precise roles of these cells remain poorly understood and most likely involve tissue repair mechanisms but their relative ease of harvesting makes teeth a valuable potential source of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) for therapeutic use. These dental MSC populations all appear to have the same developmental origins, being derived from cranial neural crest cells, a population of embryonic stem cells with multipotential properties. In rodents, the incisor teeth grow continuously throughout life, a feature that requires populations of continuously active mesenchymal and epithelial stem cells. The discrete locations of these stem cells in the incisor have rendered them amenable for study and much is being learnt about the general properties of these stem cells for the incisor as a model system. The incisor MSCs appear to be a heterogeneous population consisting of cells from different neural crest-derived tissues. The epithelial stem cells can be traced directly back in development to a Sox10(+) population present at the time of tooth initiation. In this review, we describe the basic biology of dental stem cells, their functions, and potential clinical uses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian Yu
- Craniofacial Development and Stem Cell Biology, Dental Institute, Kings College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ana Angelova Volponi
- Craniofacial Development and Stem Cell Biology, Dental Institute, Kings College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Rebecca Babb
- Craniofacial Development and Stem Cell Biology, Dental Institute, Kings College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Zhengwen An
- Craniofacial Development and Stem Cell Biology, Dental Institute, Kings College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Paul T Sharpe
- Craniofacial Development and Stem Cell Biology, Dental Institute, Kings College London, London, United Kingdom.
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21
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Grimm WD, Giesenhagen B, Hakki S, Schau I, Sirak S, Sletov A, Varga G, Vukovic MA, Widera D. Translational Research and Therapeutic Applications of Neural Crest-Derived Stem Cells in Regenerative Periodontology. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s40496-015-0067-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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22
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Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells can be obtained with ease from dental/oral tissue, making them an attractive source of autologous stem cells. They offer a biological solution for restoring damaged dental tissues such as vital pulp engineering, regeneration of periodontal ligament lost in periodontal disease, and for generation of complete or partial tooth structures to form biological implants. Dental mesenchymal stem cells share properties with mesenchymal stem cells from bone marrow and there is a considerable potential for these cells to be used in different stem-cell-based therapies, such as bone and muscle regeneration. In addition, their immunosuppressive-immunomodulatory properties make these cells a suitable source for treating immunodisorders like systematic lupus erythematosus. In addition, gingival tissue might also be a very good source of epithelial cells used in the treatment of severe ocular surface disorders. Being such an accessible source for different stem cells, the tooth and the attached gingival tissue (usually discarded in the clinics) represent an ideal source of autologous or allogeneic stem cells that can be used in the treatment of many clinical conditions in dentistry and medicine.
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23
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Rezai-Rad M, Bova JF, Orooji M, Pepping J, Qureshi A, Del Piero F, Hayes D, Yao S. Evaluation of bone regeneration potential of dental follicle stem cells for treatment of craniofacial defects. Cytotherapy 2015; 17:1572-81. [PMID: 26342992 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2015.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2015] [Revised: 07/16/2015] [Accepted: 07/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AIMS Stem cell-based tissue regeneration offers potential for treatment of craniofacial bone defects. The dental follicle, a loose connective tissue surrounding the unerupted tooth, has been shown to contain progenitor/stem cells. Dental follicle stem cells (DFSCs) have strong osteogenesis capability, which makes them suitable for repairing skeletal defects. The objective of this study was to evaluate bone regeneration capability of DFSCs loaded into polycaprolactone (PCL) scaffold for treatment of craniofacial defects. METHODS DFSCs were isolated from the first mandibular molars of postnatal Sprague-Dawley rats and seeded into the PCL scaffold. Cell attachment and cell viability on the scaffold were examined with the use of scanning electron microscopy and alamar blue reduction assay. For in vivo transplantation, critical-size defects were created on the skulls of 5-month-old immunocompetent rats, and the cell-scaffold constructs were transplanted into the defects. RESULTS Skulls were collected at 4 and 8 weeks after transplantation, and bone regeneration in the defects was evaluated with the use of micro-computed tomography and histological analysis. Scanning electron microscopy and Alamar blue assay demonstrated attachment and proliferation of DFSCs in the PCL scaffold. Bone regeneration was observed in the defects treated with DFSC transplantation but not in the controls without DFSC transplant. Transplanting DFSC-PCL with or without osteogenic induction before transplantation achieved approximately 50% bone regeneration at 8 weeks. Formation of woven bone was observed in the DFSC-PCL treatment group. Similar results were seen when osteogenic-induced DFSC-PCL was transplanted to the critical-size defects. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrated that transplantation of DFSCs seeded into PCL scaffolds can be used to repair craniofacial defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Rezai-Rad
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA
| | - Jonathan F Bova
- Division of Laboratory Animal Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA
| | - Mahdi Orooji
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Jennifer Pepping
- Division of Laboratory Animal Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA
| | - Ammar Qureshi
- Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA
| | - Fabio Del Piero
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA
| | - Daniel Hayes
- Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA
| | - Shaomian Yao
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA.
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Hilkens P, Meschi N, Lambrechts P, Bronckaers A, Lambrichts I. Dental Stem Cells in Pulp Regeneration: Near Future or Long Road Ahead? Stem Cells Dev 2015; 24:1610-22. [PMID: 25869156 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2014.0510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Although regenerative endodontic procedures have yielded an impressive body of favorable outcomes, the treatment of necrotic immature permanent teeth in particular remains to be a challenge. Recent advances in dental stem cell (DSC) research have gained increasing insight in their regenerative potential and prospective use in the formation of viable dental tissues. Numerous studies have already reported successful dental pulp regeneration following application of dental pulp stem cells, stem cells from the apical papilla, or dental follicle precursor cells in different in vivo models. Next to responsive cells, dental tissue engineering also requires the support of an appropriate scaffold material, ranging from naturally occurring polymers to treated dentin matrix components. However, the routine use and banking of DSCs still holds some major challenges, such as culture-associated differences, patient-related variability, and the effects of culture medium additives. Only in-depth evaluation of these problems and the implementation of standardized models and protocols will effectively lead to better alternatives for patients who no longer benefit from current treatment protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petra Hilkens
- 1 Laboratory of Morphology, Biomedical Research Institute (BIOMED), Hasselt University , Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Nastaran Meschi
- 2 Department of Oral Health Sciences, KU Leuven and Dentistry, University Hospitals Leuven , Leuven, Belgium
| | - Paul Lambrechts
- 2 Department of Oral Health Sciences, KU Leuven and Dentistry, University Hospitals Leuven , Leuven, Belgium
| | - Annelies Bronckaers
- 1 Laboratory of Morphology, Biomedical Research Institute (BIOMED), Hasselt University , Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Ivo Lambrichts
- 1 Laboratory of Morphology, Biomedical Research Institute (BIOMED), Hasselt University , Diepenbeek, Belgium
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Cementum and Periodontal Ligament Regeneration. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2015; 881:207-36. [PMID: 26545752 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-22345-2_12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The unique anatomy and composition of the periodontium make periodontal tissue healing and regeneration a complex process. Periodontal regeneration aims to recapitulate the crucial stages of wound healing associated with periodontal development in order to restore lost tissues to their original form and function and for regeneration to occur, healing events must progress in an ordered and programmed sequence both temporally and spatially, replicating key developmental events. A number of procedures have been employed to promote true and predictable regeneration of the periodontium. Principally, the approaches are based on the use of graft materials to compensate for the bone loss incurred as a result of periodontal disease, use of barrier membranes for guided tissue regeneration and use of bioactive molecules. More recently, the concept of tissue engineering has been integrated into research and applications of regenerative dentistry, including periodontics, to aim to manage damaged and lost oral tissues, through reconstruction and regeneration of the periodontium and alleviate the shortcomings of more conventional therapeutic options. The essential components for generating effective cellular based therapeutic strategies include a population of multi-potential progenitor cells, presence of signalling molecules/inductive morphogenic signals and a conductive extracellular matrix scaffold or appropriate delivery system. Mesenchymal stem cells are considered suitable candidates for cell-based tissue engineering strategies owing to their extensive expansion rate and potential to differentiate into cells of multiple organs and systems. Mesenchymal stem cells derived from multiple tissue sources have been investigated in pre-clinical animal studies and clinical settings for the treatment and regeneration of the periodontium.
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26
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Bone morphogenetic protein 7 induces cementogenic differentiation of human periodontal ligament-derived mesenchymal stem cells. Odontology 2014; 104:1-9. [DOI: 10.1007/s10266-014-0182-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2014] [Accepted: 10/16/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Montoya G, Arenas J, Romo E, Zeichner-David M, Alvarez M, Narayanan AS, Velázquez U, Mercado G, Arzate H. Human recombinant cementum attachment protein (hrPTPLa/CAP) promotes hydroxyapatite crystal formation in vitro and bone healing in vivo. Bone 2014; 69:154-64. [PMID: 25263524 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2014.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2014] [Revised: 09/14/2014] [Accepted: 09/16/2014] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Cementum extracellular matrix is similar to other mineralized tissues; however, this unique tissue contains molecules only present in cementum. A cDNA of these molecules, cementum attachment protein (hrPTPLa/CAP) was cloned and expressed in a prokaryotic system. This molecule is an alternative splicing of protein tyrosine phosphatase-like A (PTPLa). In this study, we wanted to determine the structural and functional characteristics of this protein. Our results indicate that hrPTPLa/CAP contains a 43.2% α-helix, 8.9% β-sheet, 2% β-turn and 45.9% random coil secondary structure. Dynamic light scattering shows that this molecule has a size distribution of 4.8 nm and aggregates as an estimated mass of 137 kDa species. AFM characterization and FE-SEM studies indicate that this protein self-assembles into nanospheres with sizes ranging from 7.0 to 27 nm in diameter. Functional studies demonstrate that hrPTPLa/CAP promotes hydroxyapatite crystal nucleation: EDS analysis revealed that hrPTPLa/CAP-induced crystals had a 1.59 ± 0.06 Ca/P ratio. Further confirmation with MicroRaman spectrometry and TEM confirm the presence of hydroxyapatite. In vivo studies using critical-size defects in rat cranium showed that hrPTPLa/CAP promoted 73% ± 2.19% and 87% ± 1.97% new bone formation at 4 and 8 weeks respectively. Although originally identified in cementum, PTPLa/CAP is very effective at inducing bone repair and healing and therefore this novel molecule has a great potential to be used for mineralized tissue bioengineering and tissue regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gonzalo Montoya
- Laboratorio de Biología Periodontal, Facultad de Odontología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México
| | - Jesús Arenas
- Instituto de Física, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México
| | - Enrique Romo
- Laboratorio de Biología Periodontal, Facultad de Odontología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México
| | | | - Marco Alvarez
- Laboratorio de Bioingeniería de Tejidos, Facultad de Odontología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México
| | - A Sampath Narayanan
- School of Medicine, Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, USA
| | - Ulises Velázquez
- Laboratorio de Biología Periodontal, Facultad de Odontología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México
| | - Gabriela Mercado
- Laboratorio de Biología Periodontal, Facultad de Odontología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México
| | - Higinio Arzate
- Laboratorio de Biología Periodontal, Facultad de Odontología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México.
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Today prospects for tissue engineering therapeutic approach in dentistry. ScientificWorldJournal 2014; 2014:151252. [PMID: 25379516 PMCID: PMC4212630 DOI: 10.1155/2014/151252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2014] [Accepted: 09/09/2014] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
In dental practice there is an increasing need for predictable therapeutic protocols able to regenerate tissues that, due to inflammatory or traumatic events, may suffer from loss of their function. One of the topics arising major interest in the research applied to regenerative medicine is represented by tissue engineering and, in particular, by stem cells. The study of stem cells in dentistry over the years has shown an exponential increase in literature. Adult mesenchymal stem cells have recently been isolated and characterized from tooth-related tissues and they might represent, in the near future, a new gold standard in the regeneration of all oral tissues. The aim of our review is to provide an overview on the topic reporting the current knowledge for each class of dental stem cells and to identify their potential clinical applications as therapeutic tool in various branches of dentistry.
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Aino M, Nishida E, Fujieda Y, Orimoto A, Mitani A, Noguchi T, Makino H, Murakami S, Umezawa A, Yoneda T, Saito M. Isolation and characterization of the human immature osteoblast culture system from the alveolar bones of aged donors for bone regeneration therapy. Expert Opin Biol Ther 2014; 14:1731-44. [PMID: 25241883 DOI: 10.1517/14712598.2014.960387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Establishment of human osteoblast cultures that retain bone-forming capacity is one of the prerequisites for successful bone regeneration therapy. Because osteoblasts harvested from adults exhibit limited growth, the use of immature osteoblasts that can expand ex vivo should greatly facilitate bone regeneration therapy. In this study, we developed immature human osteoblasts isolated from aged alveolar bone (HAOBs). METHODS HAOBs obtained after the collagenase digestion of alveolar bones from elderly donors. Then, we assessed osteogenic ability of HAOB after treatment with recombinant human bone morphogenic protein-2 or transplantation into immunodeficient mice. In addition, we performed global gene expression analysis to identify functional marker for HAOB. RESULTS HAOBs, which can differentiate into osteoblasts and have a robust bone-forming ability, were successfully extracted from donors who were > 60 years of age. We found that the HAOBs exhibited a higher osteogenic ability compared with those of human mesenchymal stem cells and highly expressed NEBULETTE (NEBL) with osteogenic abilities. CONCLUSIONS HAOBs have properties similar to those of human immature osteoblasts and appear to be a novel material for cell-based bone regeneration therapy. Additionally, the expression level of NEBL may serve as a marker for the osteogenic ability of these cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makoto Aino
- Aichi-gakuin University, School of Dentistry, Department of Periodontology , Nagoya, Aichi , Japan
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Li Y, Shu LH, Yan M, Dai WY, Li JJ, Zhang GD, Yu JH. Adult stem cell-based apexogenesis. World J Methodol 2014; 4:99-108. [PMID: 25332909 PMCID: PMC4202485 DOI: 10.5662/wjm.v4.i2.99] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2013] [Revised: 01/04/2014] [Accepted: 03/14/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Generally, the dental pulp needs to be removed when it is infected, and root canal therapy (RCT) is usually required in which infected dental pulp is replaced with inorganic materials (paste and gutta percha). This treatment approach ultimately brings about a dead tooth. However, pulp vitality is extremely important to the tooth itself, since it provides nutrition and acts as a biosensor to detect the potential pathogenic stimuli. Despite the reported clinical success rate, RCT-treated teeth are destined to be devitalized, brittle and susceptible to postoperative fracture. Recently, the advances and achievements in the field of stem cell biology and regenerative medicine have inspired novel biological approaches to apexogenesis in young patients suffering from pulpitis or periapical periodontitis. This review mainly focuses on the benchtop and clinical regeneration of root apex mediated by adult stem cells. Moreover, current strategies for infected pulp therapy are also discussed here.
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Yang Y, Ge Y, Chen G, Yan Z, Yu M, Feng L, Jiang Z, Guo W, Tian W. Hertwig's epithelial root sheath cells regulate osteogenic differentiation of dental follicle cells through the Wnt pathway. Bone 2014; 63:158-65. [PMID: 24657304 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2014.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2013] [Revised: 03/09/2014] [Accepted: 03/12/2014] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The development of periodontal ligament-cementum complex (PLCC) originates from the interaction between epithelial cells of Hertwig's epithelial root sheath (HERS) and mesenchymal cells of the dental follicle. While previous studies have suggested that the Wnt pathway is involved in osteogenic differentiation of dental follicle cells (DFCs) during tooth root development, its involvement in the interaction between DFCs and HERS cells (HERSCs) in tooth root mineralization remains unclear. Here, we investigated the hypothesis that HERSCs control osteogenic differentiation of DFCs via the Wnt pathway. We found that during co-culture with HERSCs, DFCs exhibited a greater tendency to form mineralized nodules. Moreover, under these conditions, DFCs expressed high levels of cementoblast/osteoblast differentiation-related markers, such as bone sialoprotein (BSP) and osteocalcin (OCN), the periodontal ligament phenotype-related gene type I collagen (COL1), and β-catenin (CTNNB1), a core player in the canonical Wnt pathway. In contrast, expression in DFCs of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) was greatly decreased in the presence of HERSCs. Expression of CTNNB1 in DFCs was stimulated by Wnt3a, a representative canonical member of the Wnt family of ligands, but suppressed by Dickkopf1 (DKK1), a Wnt/CTNNB1 signaling inhibitor. Furthermore, in the presence of treated dentin matrix (TDM), differentiation of DFCs was enhanced by Wnt3a when they were in direct contact with HERSCs, but was curtailed by DKK1. Taken together, these results indicate that during tooth root formation, HERSCs induce osteogenic differentiation of DFCs in a process involving the Wnt pathway and the dentin matrix. Our study not only contributes to our understanding of tooth root development and diseases of tooth root mineralization, but also proffers a novel potential strategy for controlling mineralization during tooth root regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaling Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; National Engineering Laboratory for Oral Regenerative Medicine, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yaneng Ge
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; National Engineering Laboratory for Oral Regenerative Medicine, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Guoqing Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; National Engineering Laboratory for Oral Regenerative Medicine, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhiling Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; National Engineering Laboratory for Oral Regenerative Medicine, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Mei Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; National Engineering Laboratory for Oral Regenerative Medicine, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Lian Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; National Engineering Laboratory for Oral Regenerative Medicine, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zongting Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; National Engineering Laboratory for Oral Regenerative Medicine, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Weihua Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; National Engineering Laboratory for Oral Regenerative Medicine, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; Department of Pedodontics, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, No. 14, 3rd Sec., Ren Min Nan Road, Chengdu, 610041 Sichuan Province, China.
| | - Weidong Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; National Engineering Laboratory for Oral Regenerative Medicine, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
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Laminin regulates the osteogenic differentiation of dental follicle cells via integrin-α2/-β1 and the activation of the FAK/ERK signaling pathway. Cell Tissue Res 2014; 357:345-54. [DOI: 10.1007/s00441-014-1869-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2013] [Accepted: 03/05/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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NOTCH1 signaling regulates the BMP2/DLX-3 directed osteogenic differentiation of dental follicle cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2013; 443:500-4. [PMID: 24321094 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2013.11.120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2013] [Accepted: 11/28/2013] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Dental follicle cells (DFCs) are dental stem/progenitor cells and the genuine precursors of alveolar osteoblasts and dental cementoblasts. A previous study showed that the transcription factor DLX3 (distal less homeobox 3) supports the osteogenic differentiation in DFCs via a positive feedback loop with the bone morghogenetic protein (BMP) 2. Until today, however, the control of this BMP2/DLX3 pathway by additional signaling pathways remains elusive. Previous studies also suggested that the NOTCH signaling pathway plays a role in the osteogenic differentiation of DFCs. In this study we showed that DLX3 overexpression and the initiation of the osteogenic differentiation by BMP2 or dexamethasone induced the NOTCH signaling pathway in DFCs. However, the induction of NOTCH-signaling impaired not only the osteogenic differentiation (ALP activity and mineralized nodules) but also the expression of the transcription factor DLX3 and the activation of the BMP-signaling pathway. So, NOTCH signaling plays a regulatory role for the osteogenic differentiation of DFCs. In conclusion, results of our study suggest that the NOTCH-signaling pathway, which is activated during the osteogenic differentiation of DFCs, regulates the BMP2/DLX3 directed differentiation of DFCs via a negative feed-back loop.
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Hayashi K, Handa K, Koike T, Saito T. The possibility of genistein as a new direct pulp capping agent. Dent Mater J 2013; 32:976-85. [PMID: 24240903 DOI: 10.4012/dmj.2013-091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Genistein, kind of soy isoflavones, is well-known as natural ingredients and consumed as health foods and supplements. They are expected to improve renal function. They have high-affinity to estrogen receptor β expressed predominantly in bone tissue, they prevent osteoporosis specifically and safely. We examined whether genistein can be a new direct capping agent. In this study, we examined the effect of genistein for the proliferation and differentiation of rat dental pulp cells in vitro and the ability of tertiary dentin formation in vivo. As a result, rat dental pulp cells with genistein were increased activity of ALPase and showed alizarin red positive-staining. Calcification-related genes expression has been confirmed by the addition of genistein. From in vivo study, high quality of tertiary dentin formation and minor pulp reaction were observed. From these findings, it was suggested that genistein may be useful agent for direct pulp capping.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keijiro Hayashi
- Division of Clinical Cariology and Endodontology, Department of Oral Rehabilitation, School of Dentistry, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido
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Viale-Bouroncle S, Buergers R, Morsczeck C, Gosau M. β-Tricalcium phosphate induces apoptosis on dental follicle cells. Calcif Tissue Int 2013; 92:412-7. [PMID: 23334352 DOI: 10.1007/s00223-012-9694-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2012] [Accepted: 12/02/2012] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Dental stem cells represent a good treatment option in regenerative dentistry. Regeneration of large bone defects can be achieved by a cell-based therapy consisting of osteogenic progenitor cells, such as dental follicle precursor cells (DFCs), in combination with bone substitute material used as a scaffold. A previous trial had shown that β-tricalcium phosphate (TCP) improves the osteogenic differentiation of DFCs. In the present trial, we investigated the attachment, survival, and proliferation of DFCs on TCP in more detail. A high initial cell number was required for the adhesion, attachment, and sufficient proliferation of DFCs on a TCP scaffold. The TCP scaffold released fine soluble particles enriched in TCP eluates that induced cell death and showed typical characteristics of programmed cell death (apoptosis) in DFCs. During cultivation on the TCP scaffold, DFCs showed a highly upregulated expression of antiapoptotic genes but a downregulated expression of proapoptotic markers. In conclusion, TCP supports osteogenic differentiation in DFCs but also induces programmed cell death. Our data suggest that surviving DFCs avoid programmed cell death by inducing antiapoptotic genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Viale-Bouroncle
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital Regensburg, Franz-Josef Strauss Allee 11, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
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Patil AS, Merchant Y, Nagarajan P. Tissue Engineering of Craniofacial Tissues – A Review. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.7243/2050-1218-2-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Iwai S, Kuyama K, Kuboyama N, Takiguchi S, Ogura N, Yamamoto H, Kondoh T. Osteogenic Potential of Human Dental Follicle Cells on Rat Calvaria. J HARD TISSUE BIOL 2013. [DOI: 10.2485/jhtb.22.95] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Hynes K, Menicanin D, Gronthos S, Bartold PM. Clinical utility of stem cells for periodontal regeneration. Periodontol 2000 2012; 59:203-27. [PMID: 22507067 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0757.2012.00443.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 169] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this review is to discuss the clinical utility of stem cells in periodontal regeneration by reviewing relevant literature that assesses the periodontal-regenerative potential of stem cells. We considered and described the main stem cell populations that have been utilized with regard to periodontal regeneration, including bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells and the main dental-derived mesenchymal stem cell populations: periodontal ligament stem cells, dental pulp stem cells, stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth, stem cells from apical papilla and dental follicle precursor cells. Research into the use of stem cells for tissue regeneration has the potential to significantly influence periodontal treatment strategies in the future.
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40
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Aonuma H, Ogura N, Takahashi K, Fujimoto Y, Iwai S, Hashimoto H, Ito K, Kamino Y, Kondoh T. Characteristics and osteogenic differentiation of stem/progenitor cells in the human dental follicle analyzed by gene expression profiling. Cell Tissue Res 2012; 350:317-31. [PMID: 22890370 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-012-1477-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2011] [Accepted: 06/25/2012] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The dental follicle is an ectomesenchymal tissue that surrounds developing tooth germ and that contains osteoblastic-lineage-committed stem/progenitor cells. We examined the osteogenic potential of human dental follicle cells (hDFC) by microarray analysis. We first compared the characteristics of hDFC with those of human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (hMSC). Like hMSC, hDFC expressed stem cell markers such as STRO-1 and Notch-1 and differentiated not only into the osteoblastic lineage, but also into the adipogenic lineage. We analyzed the gene expression profiles of hDFC and hMSC that were not differentiated toward the osteogenic lineage. The expression of cell markers and growth factor receptors by hDFC and hMSC was similar, whereas the expression pattern of homeobox genes differed between hDFC and hMSC. Next, we investigated gene expression in hDFC during osteogenic differentiation. Gene expression profiles were analyzed in hDFC cultured in osteogenic induction medium (OIM) or in growth medium (GM) for 3 and 10 days. Many genes whose expression was regulated under these conditions were functionally categorized as "transcription" genes. Osteogenic markers were up-regulated in hDFC during osteogenic differentiation, whereas neurogenic markers were down-regulated. The genes whose expression was regulated in hDFC during osteogenic differentiation were further analyzed by ingenuity pathway analysis and real-time polymerase chain reaction. Bone morphogenetic protein and transforming growth factor-β signaling pathways were activated in hDFC cultured in OIM for 3 days. This study indicates that the dental follicle contains stem cells and/or osteoblastic progenitor cells and is a potential cellular resource for bone regeneration therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Aonuma
- Department of Maxillofacial Surgery, Research Institute of Oral Science, Nihon University School of Dentistry at Matsudo, 2-870-1 Sakaecho-Nishi, Matsudo, Chiba, 271-8587, Japan
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41
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Abstract
The search for more accessible mesenchymal stem cells than those found in bone marrow has propelled interest in dental tissues. Human dental stem/progenitor cells (collectively termed dental stem cells [DSCs]) that have been isolated and characterized include dental pulp stem cells, stem cells from exfoliated deciduous teeth, stem cells from apical papilla, periodontal ligament stem cells, and dental follicle progenitor cells. Common characteristics of these cell populations are the capacity for self-renewal and the ability to differentiate into multiple lineages. In vitro and animal studies have shown that DSCs can differentiate into osseous, odontogenic, adipose, endothelial, and neural-like tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine M Sedgley
- Department of Endodontology, School of Dentistry, Oregon Health and Science University, 611 Southwest Campus Drive, Portland, OR 97239, USA.
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Guo W, Chen L, Gong K, Ding B, Duan Y, Jin Y. Heterogeneous dental follicle cells and the regeneration of complex periodontal tissues. Tissue Eng Part A 2012; 18:459-70. [PMID: 21919800 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2011.0261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Dental follicle cells (DFCs) are a heterogeneous population that exhibit a variety of phenotypes. However, it remains unclear whether DFCs can maintain stem cell characteristics, or mediate tissue-regeneration to form single or complex tissues in the periodontium, after long-term culturing. Therefore, DFCs were isolated from human impacted molars (HIM-DFCs), passaged >30 times, and then evaluated for their heterogeneity and multipotential differentiation. Morphology, proliferation, epitope profile, and mineralization characteristics of clones derived from single HIM-DFCs in vitro were also assayed. HIM-DFCs (passage #30) were found to be positive for the heterogeneous markers, Notch-1, stro-1, alkaline phosphomonoesterase (ALP), type I collagen (COL-I), type III collagen (COL-III), and osteocalcine. Moreover, passage #30 of the HDF1, 2, and 3 subclone classes identified in this study were found to express high levels of the mesenchymal stem cells markers, CD146 and Stro1. HDF3 subclones were also associated with the strongest ALP staining detected, and strongly expressed osteoblast and cementoblast markers, including COL-I, COL-III, bone sialoprotein (BSP), and Runx2. In contrast, HDF1 subclone analyzed strongly expressed COL-I and COL-III, yet weakly expressed BSP and Runx2. The HDF2 subclone was associated with the strongest proliferative capacity. To evaluate differentiation characteristics in vivo, these various cell populations were combined with ceramic bovine bone and implanted into subcutaneous pockets of nude mice. The 30th passage of subclone HDF1 and 3 were observed to contribute to fiber collagens and the mineralized matrix present, respectively, whereas HDF2 subclones were found to have a minimal role in these formations. The formation of a cementum-periodontal ligament (PDL) complex was observed 6 weeks after HIM-DFCs (passage #30) were implanted in vivo, thus suggesting that these cells maintain stem cell characteristics. Therefore, subclone HDF1-3 may be related to the differentiation of fibroblasts in the PDL, undifferentiated cells, and osteoblasts and cementoblasts, respectively. Overall, this study is the first to amplify HIM-DFCs and associated subclones with the goal of reconstructing complex or single periodontium. Moreover, our results demonstrate the potential for this treatment approach to address periodontal defects that result from periodontitis, or for the regeneration of teeth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weihua Guo
- Research and Development Center for Tissue Engineering, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, People's Republic of China
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Saito M, Tsuji T. Extracellular matrix administration as a potential therapeutic strategy for periodontal ligament regeneration. Expert Opin Biol Ther 2012; 12:299-309. [DOI: 10.1517/14712598.2012.655267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Dentin non-collagenous proteins (dNCPs) can stimulate dental follicle cells to differentiate into cementoblast lineages. Biol Cell 2012; 100:291-302. [DOI: 10.1042/bc20070092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Sreenivas SD, Rao AS, Satyavani SS, Reddy BH, Vasudevan S. Where will the stem cells lead us? Prospects for dentistry in the 21 century. J Indian Soc Periodontol 2011; 15:199-204. [PMID: 22028504 PMCID: PMC3200012 DOI: 10.4103/0972-124x.85660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2011] [Accepted: 09/03/2011] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
It is dentists’ dream to achieve bone repair with predictability, but without donor site morbidity as well as reconstruction of injured or pathologically damaged complex dental structures, however, this will no longer be a dream as these are being made into a reality using stem cell science. Stem cell science is clearly an intriguing and promising area of science. Stem cells have been isolated from a variety of embryonic and adult tissues. Dental stem cells are multipotent mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) brought new enthusiasm among the researchers because of their easy accessibility, high quality and they don’t pose the same ethical concerns and controversy in comparison with embryonic stem cells. This review article provides brief insights about stem cell basics, the state of art in human dental stem cell research and its possible impact on future dentistry. Even though most of these modalities are still in infancy, it is evident that the 21st century dentist is going to play a critical role in the field of medicine. The aim of this article is to bring awareness among the dentists about the huge potential associated with the use of stem cells in a clinical setting, as well as proper understanding of related problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Durga Sreenivas
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, MNR Dental College and Hospital, Sangareddy, Andhra Pradesh, India
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Valdés De Hoyos A, Hoz-Rodríguez L, Arzate H, Narayanan AS. Isolation of protein-tyrosine phosphatase-like member-a variant from cementum. J Dent Res 2011; 91:203-9. [PMID: 22067203 DOI: 10.1177/0022034511428155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Cementum has been shown to contain unique polypeptides that participate in cell recruitment and differentiation during cementum formation. We report the isolation of a cDNA variant for protein-tyrosine phosphatase-like (proline instead of catalytic arginine) member-a (PTPLA) from cementum. A cementifying fibroma-derived λ-ZAP expression library was screened by panning with a monoclonal antibody to cementum attachment protein (CAP), and 1435 bp cDNA (gb AC093525.3) was isolated. This cDNA encodes a 140-amino-acid polypeptide, and its N-terminal 125 amino acids are identical to those of PTPLA. This isoform, designated as PTPLA-CAP, results from a read-through of the PTPLA exon 2 splice donor site, truncating after the second putative transmembrane domain. It contains 15 amino acids encoded within the intron between PTPLA exons 2 and 3, which replace the active site for PTPLA phosphatase activity. The recombinant protein, rhPTPLA-CAP, has Mr 19 kDa and cross-reacts with anti-CAP antibody. Anti-rhPTPLA-CAP antibody immunostained cementum cells, cementum, heart, and liver. Quantitative RT-PCR showed that PTPLA was expressed in all periodontal cells; however, PTPLA-CAP expression was limited to cementum cells. The rhPTPLA-CAP promoted gingival fibroblast attachment. We conclude that PTPLA-CAP is a splice variant of PTPLA, and that, in the periodontium, cementum and cementum cells express this variant.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Valdés De Hoyos
- Laboratorio de Biología Periodontal y Tejidos Mineralizados, Facultad de Odontología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México
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Saito M, Kurokawa M, Oda M, Oshima M, Tsutsui K, Kosaka K, Nakao K, Ogawa M, Manabe RI, Suda N, Ganjargal G, Hada Y, Noguchi T, Teranaka T, Sekiguchi K, Yoneda T, Tsuji T. ADAMTSL6β protein rescues fibrillin-1 microfibril disorder in a Marfan syndrome mouse model through the promotion of fibrillin-1 assembly. J Biol Chem 2011; 286:38602-38613. [PMID: 21880733 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m111.243451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Marfan syndrome (MFS) is a systemic disorder of the connective tissues caused by insufficient fibrillin-1 microfibril formation and can cause cardiac complications, emphysema, ocular lens dislocation, and severe periodontal disease. ADAMTSL6β (A disintegrin-like metalloprotease domain with thrombospondin type I motifs-like 6β) is a microfibril-associated extracellular matrix protein expressed in various connective tissues that has been implicated in fibrillin-1 microfibril assembly. We here report that ADAMTSL6β plays an essential role in the development and regeneration of connective tissues. ADAMTSL6β expression rescues microfibril disorder after periodontal ligament injury in an MFS mouse model through the promotion of fibrillin-1 microfibril assembly. In addition, improved fibrillin-1 assembly in MFS mice following the administration of ADAMTSL6β attenuates the overactivation of TGF-β signals associated with the increased release of active TGF-β from disrupted fibrillin-1 microfibrils within periodontal ligaments. Our current data thus demonstrate the essential contribution of ADAMTSL6β to fibrillin-1 microfibril formation. These findings also suggest a new therapeutic strategy for the treatment of MFS through ADAMTSL6β-mediated fibrillin-1 microfibril assembly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masahiro Saito
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, Faculty of Industrial Science, Tokyo University of Science, Noda, Chiba 278-8510, Japan; Research Institute for Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, Noda, Chiba 278-8510, Japan.
| | - Misaki Kurokawa
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, Faculty of Industrial Science, Tokyo University of Science, Noda, Chiba 278-8510, Japan
| | - Masahito Oda
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, Faculty of Industrial Science, Tokyo University of Science, Noda, Chiba 278-8510, Japan
| | - Masamitsu Oshima
- Research Institute for Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, Noda, Chiba 278-8510, Japan
| | - Ko Tsutsui
- Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University, Suita Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Kazutaka Kosaka
- Division of Restorative Dentistry, Department of Oral Medicine, Kanagawa Dental College, Yokosuka Kanagawa 238-8580, Japan
| | - Kazuhisa Nakao
- Research Institute for Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, Noda, Chiba 278-8510, Japan
| | - Miho Ogawa
- Research Institute for Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, Noda, Chiba 278-8510, Japan; Organ Technologies Inc., Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ri-Ichiroh Manabe
- RIKEN Genomic Sciences Center, RIKEN Yokohama Institute, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan
| | - Naoto Suda
- Maxillofacial Orthognathics, Graduate School, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo 113-0034, Japan
| | - Ganburged Ganjargal
- Maxillofacial Orthognathics, Graduate School, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo 113-0034, Japan
| | - Yasunobu Hada
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, Faculty of Industrial Science, Tokyo University of Science, Noda, Chiba 278-8510, Japan; Oral Implantology and Regenerative Dental Medicine, Graduate School, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo 113-0034, Japan
| | - Toshihide Noguchi
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Aichi-Gakuin University, Nisshin 470-0195, Japan
| | - Toshio Teranaka
- Division of Restorative Dentistry, Department of Oral Medicine, Kanagawa Dental College, Yokosuka Kanagawa 238-8580, Japan
| | - Kiyotoshi Sekiguchi
- Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University, Suita Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Yoneda
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka University, Suita Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Takashi Tsuji
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, Faculty of Industrial Science, Tokyo University of Science, Noda, Chiba 278-8510, Japan; Research Institute for Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, Noda, Chiba 278-8510, Japan; Organ Technologies Inc., Tokyo, Japan
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48
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Viale-Bouroncle S, Bey B, Reichert TE, Schmalz G, Morsczeck C. β-tricalcium-phosphate stimulates the differentiation of dental follicle cells. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE. MATERIALS IN MEDICINE 2011; 22:1719-1724. [PMID: 21604138 DOI: 10.1007/s10856-011-4345-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2011] [Accepted: 05/09/2011] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
The use of dental progenitor cells is a straightforward strategy for regenerative dentistry. For example a cell based therapy with dental follicle cells (DFCs) could be a novel therapeutic strategy for the regeneration of oral tissues in the future. For the regeneration of large bone defects for example dental progenitor cells have to be combined with bone substitutes as scaffolds. This study therefore investigated cell attachment (scanning electron microscopy), cell vitality/proliferation (WST-1 assay) and cell differentiation (under in vitro conditions) of human DFCs on synthetic β-tricalcium phosphate (TCP). DFCs showed considerable cell attachment and proliferation on TCP. Moreover, TCP stimulates osteogenic differentiation in comparison to DFCs with a standard protocol. Here, for example, the osteoblast marker bone sialoprotein (BSP) was highly expressed on TCP, but almost absent in differentiated DFCs without TCP. In conclusion, our study shows that TCP is an excellent scaffold for DFCs for oral tissue regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Viale-Bouroncle
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Periodontology, University of Regensburg, Franz-Josef Strauss Allee 11, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
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49
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Bai Y, Bai Y, Matsuzaka K, Hashimoto S, Fukuyama T, Wu L, Miwa T, Liu X, Wang X, Inoue T. Cementum- and periodontal ligament-like tissue formation by dental follicle cell sheets co-cultured with Hertwig's epithelial root sheath cells. Bone 2011; 48:1417-26. [PMID: 21376148 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2011.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2010] [Revised: 02/22/2011] [Accepted: 02/22/2011] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Dental follicle cells (DFCs) are believed contain the precursor cells of the periodontium and can form cell sheets by secreting extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins. Cell sheet engineering has been recently developed and applied successfully in the field of tissue regeneration. However, research on the in vitro characteristics of DFC sheets is lacking and an assessment of whether DFC sheets can produce periodontal tissues in vivo has not been reported. To test the characteristics and applicability of DFC sheets in this field, we established a co-culture system of rat DFCs and Hertwig's epithelial root sheath (HERS) cells in vitro, and included the following controls: a co-culture of DFCs and alveolar mucosa epithelial cells, DFCs with no cells in the upper chamber, and DFCs cultured without an upper chamber. After 3 weeks of co-culturing the cells, the DFC sheets were transplanted into adult male rats' omenta. One week after co-culturing DFCs with HERS cells, mRNA levels of collagen type I (COL-1), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), runt related transcription factor 2 (Runx 2) and bone sialoprotein (BSP) were increased significantly. In addition, after 3 weeks of co-culturing the cells, the numbers of ALP-, osteocalcin (OCN)-, BSP- and osteoprotegerin (OPG)-positive DFCs increased. The DFCs also produced more calcified nodules and exhibited an increased number of subcellular organelles, which are important for protein synthesis and secretion. Moreover, gap junctions were found between the experimental DFCs within the sheet. Five weeks of in vivo growth of DFC sheets pre-exposed to HERS cells led to the formation of cementum-like tissues, which were positive for OCN, BSP and OPG, as well as the formation of periodontal ligament-like tissues, which were positive for COL-1. In contrast, control cells only produced fibrous tissues. These results indicate that the DFC sheets induced by HERS cells are able to produce periodontal tissues through epithelial-mesenchymal interactions. Therefore, DFC sheets may be useful in the field of periodontium regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yudi Bai
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
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50
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Honda MJ, Imaizumi M, Tsuchiya S, Morsczeck C. Dental follicle stem cells and tissue engineering. J Oral Sci 2011; 52:541-52. [PMID: 21206155 DOI: 10.2334/josnusd.52.541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Adult stem cells are multipotent and can be induced experimentally to differentiate into various cell lineages. Such cells are therefore a key part of achieving the promise of tissue regeneration. The most studied stem cells are those of the hematopoietic and mesenchymal lineages. Recently, mesenchymal stem cells were demonstrated in dental tissues, including dental pulp, periodontal ligament, and dental follicle. The dental follicle is a loose connective tissue that surrounds the developing tooth. Dental follicle stem cells could therefore be a cell source for mesenchymal stem cells. Indeed, dental follicle is present in impacted teeth, which are commonly extracted and disposed of as medical waste in dental practice. Dental follicle stem cells can be isolated and grown under defined tissue culture conditions, and recent characterization of these stem cells has increased their potential for use in tissue engineering applications, including periodontal and bone regeneration. This review describes current knowledge and recent developments in dental follicle stem cells and their application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaki J Honda
- Department of Anatomy, Nihon University School of Dentistry, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, Japan.
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