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Rossignoli CP, Dechandt CRP, Souza AO, Sampaio IH, Vicentini TM, Teodoro BG, Neto MPC, Ferrari GD, Couto-Lima CA, Alberici LC. Effects of intermittent dietary supplementation with conjugated linoleic acid and fish oil (EPA/DHA) on body metabolism and mitochondrial energetics in mice. J Nutr Biochem 2018; 60:16-23. [PMID: 30041048 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2018.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2018] [Revised: 06/26/2018] [Accepted: 07/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Understanding the mitochondrial processes that contribute to body energy metabolism may provide an attractive therapeutic target for obesity and co-morbidities. Here we investigated whether intermittent dietary supplementation with conjugated linoleic (CLA, 18:2n-6), docosahexaenoic (22:6n-3, DHA) and eicosapentaenoic (20:5n-3, EPA) acids, either alone or in combination, changes body metabolism associated with mitochondrial functions in the brain, liver, skeletal muscle and brown adipose tissue (BAT). Male C57Bl/6 mice were divided into groups: CLA (50% cis-9, trans-11; 50% trans-10, cis-12), EPA/DHA (64% EPA; 28% DHA), CLA plus EPA/DHA or control (linoleic acid). Each mouse received 3 g/kg b.w. of the stated oil by gavage on alternating days for 60 days. Dietary supplementation with CLA or EPA/DHA increased body VO2 consumption, VCO2 production and energy expenditure, being fish oil (FO) the most potent even in combination with CLA. Individually, both oils reduced mitochondrial density in BAT. CLA supplementation alone also a) elevated the expression of uncoupling proteins in soleus, liver and hippocampus and the uncoupling activity in the last two, ad this effect was associated with reduced hydrogen peroxide production in hippocampus; b) increased proteins related to mitochondrial fission in liver. EPA/DHA supplementation alone also a) induced mitochondrial biogenesis in liver, soleus and hippocampus associated with increased expression of PGC1-α; b) induced proteins related to mitochondrial fusion in the liver, and fission and fusion in the hippocampus. Therefore, this study shows changes on mitochondrial mechanisms induced by CLA and/or EPA/DHA that can be associated with elevated body energy expenditure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camila P Rossignoli
- Departamento de Física e Química, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, USP, Av. Café s/n, 14040-903, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Carlos R P Dechandt
- Departamento de Física e Química, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, USP, Av. Café s/n, 14040-903, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Anderson O Souza
- Departamento de Física e Química, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, USP, Av. Café s/n, 14040-903, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Igor H Sampaio
- Departamento de Física e Química, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, USP, Av. Café s/n, 14040-903, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Tatiane M Vicentini
- Departamento de Física e Química, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, USP, Av. Café s/n, 14040-903, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Bruno G Teodoro
- Departamento de Física e Química, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, USP, Av. Café s/n, 14040-903, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Marinaldo Pacífico Cavalcanti Neto
- Departamento de Física e Química, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, USP, Av. Café s/n, 14040-903, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Gustavo Duarte Ferrari
- Departamento de Física e Química, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, USP, Av. Café s/n, 14040-903, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Carlos A Couto-Lima
- Departamento de Física e Química, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, USP, Av. Café s/n, 14040-903, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Luciane C Alberici
- Departamento de Física e Química, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, USP, Av. Café s/n, 14040-903, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.
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Okla M, Kim J, Koehler K, Chung S. Dietary Factors Promoting Brown and Beige Fat Development and Thermogenesis. Adv Nutr 2017; 8:473-483. [PMID: 28507012 PMCID: PMC5421122 DOI: 10.3945/an.116.014332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Brown adipose tissue (BAT) is a specialized fat tissue that has a high capacity to dissociate cellular respiration from ATP utilization, resulting in the release of stored energy as heat. Adult humans possess a substantial amount of BAT in the form of constitutively active brown fat or inducible beige fat. BAT activity in humans is inversely correlated with adiposity, blood glucose concentrations, and insulin sensitivity; this suggests that strategies aimed at BAT-mediated bioenergetics are an attractive therapeutic target in combating the continuing epidemic of obesity and diabetes. Despite advances in knowledge regarding the developmental lineage and transcriptional regulators of brown and beige adipocytes, our current understanding of environmental modifiers of BAT thermogenesis, such as diet, is limited. In this review, we consolidated the latest research on dietary molecules that may serve to promote BAT thermogenesis. Here, we summarized the thermogenic function of selected phytochemicals (e.g., capsaicin, resveratrol, curcumin, green tea, and berberine), dietary fatty acids (e.g., fish oil and conjugated linoleic acids), and all-trans retinoic acid, a vitamin A metabolite. We also delineated the proposed mechanisms whereby these dietary molecules promote BAT activity and/or browning of white adipose tissue. Characterizing thermogenic dietary factors may offer novel insight into revising nutritional intervention strategies aimed at obesity and diabetes prevention and management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meshail Okla
- Department of Nutrition and Health Sciences, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE; and,Department of Community Health Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Jiyoung Kim
- Department of Nutrition and Health Sciences, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE; and
| | - Karsten Koehler
- Department of Nutrition and Health Sciences, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE; and
| | - Soonkyu Chung
- Department of Nutrition and Health Sciences, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE; and
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3
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Kim Y, Kim J, Whang KY, Park Y. Impact of Conjugated Linoleic Acid (CLA) on Skeletal Muscle Metabolism. Lipids 2016; 51:159-78. [PMID: 26729488 DOI: 10.1007/s11745-015-4115-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2015] [Accepted: 12/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) has garnered special attention as a food bioactive compound that prevents and attenuates obesity. Although most studies on the effects of CLA on obesity have focused on the reduction of body fat, a number of studies have demonstrated that CLA also increases lean body mass and enhances physical performances. It has been suggested that these effects may be due in part to physiological changes in the skeletal muscle, such as changes in the muscle fiber type transformation, alteration of the intracellular signaling pathways in muscle metabolism, or energy metabolism. However, the mode of action for CLA in muscle metabolism is not completely understood. The purpose of this review is to summarize the current knowledge of the effects of CLA on skeletal muscle metabolism. Given that CLA not only reduces body fat, but also improves lean mass, there is great potential for the use of CLA to improve muscle metabolism, which would have a significant health impact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoo Kim
- Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts, 102 Holdsworth Way, Amherst, MA, 01003, USA
| | - Jonggun Kim
- Division of Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, 136-713, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwang-Youn Whang
- Division of Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, 136-713, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeonhwa Park
- Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts, 102 Holdsworth Way, Amherst, MA, 01003, USA.
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Merlin J, Evans BA, Dehvari N, Sato M, Bengtsson T, Hutchinson DS. Could burning fat start with a brite spark? Pharmacological and nutritional ways to promote thermogenesis. Mol Nutr Food Res 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201500251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jon Merlin
- Drug Discovery Biology; Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Monash University; Parkville Australia
| | - Bronwyn A. Evans
- Drug Discovery Biology; Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Monash University; Parkville Australia
| | - Nodi Dehvari
- Department of Molecular Biosciences; The Wenner-Gren Institute; Stockholm University; Stockholm Sweden
| | - Masaaki Sato
- Drug Discovery Biology; Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Monash University; Parkville Australia
- Department of Pharmacology; Monash University; Clayton Australia
| | - Tore Bengtsson
- Department of Molecular Biosciences; The Wenner-Gren Institute; Stockholm University; Stockholm Sweden
| | - Dana S. Hutchinson
- Drug Discovery Biology; Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Monash University; Parkville Australia
- Department of Pharmacology; Monash University; Clayton Australia
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Alberdi G, Rodríguez VM, Miranda J, Macarulla MT, Churruca I, Portillo MP. Thermogenesis is involved in the body-fat lowering effects of resveratrol in rats. Food Chem 2013; 141:1530-5. [PMID: 23790948 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2013.03.085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2012] [Revised: 01/29/2013] [Accepted: 03/11/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
The effect of resveratrol on thermogenesis in skeletal muscle and interscapular brown adipose tissue (IBAT) was investigated. Rats were fed an obesogenic diet supplemented with resveratrol (30mg/kg/day) or not supplemented for 6weeks. Resveratrol intake led to increased gene expression of mitochondrial-transcription-factor-A (TFAM), mitochondrial-protein-cytochrome-C-oxidase subunit-2 (COX2), sirtuin-1 (SIRT1), peroxisome-proliferator-activated-receptor-β/δ (PPARβ/δ) and proliferator-activated-receptor-gamma-coactivator1-α (PGC-1α) in IBAT and increased UCP1protein expression; however, peroxisome-proliferator-activated-receptor-α (PPARα) expression remained unchanged. In gastrocnemius muscle, resveratrol increased the gene expression of TFAM and COX2; however, no changes were observed in levels of SIRT1, PGC-1α and PPARβ/δ. Acetylated-PGC-1α was decreased in the resveratrol-treated group, indicating a higher level of activation, and a significant increase of UCP3 protein expression was observed in this group. The increases in UCP protein expression in two important thermogenic tissues after resveratrol treatment may contribute to increased whole-body energy dissipation, which may help to better understand the body-fat lowering effect of this polyphenol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Goiuri Alberdi
- Nutrition and Obesity Group, Department of Nutrition and Food Science, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Paseo de la Universidad, 7, 01006 Vitoria, Spain.
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Rodríguez-Alcalá LM, Fontecha J, de la Hoz L, da Silva VSN, Carvalho JE, Pacheco MTB. CLA-enriched milk powder reverses hypercholesterolemic risk factors in hamsters. Food Res Int 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2012.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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7
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Pereira AF, Sá LL, Reis FHZ, Cardoso FC, Alberici RM, Prado IMR, Eberlin MN, Uyemura SA, Curti C, Alberici LC. Administration of a murine diet supplemented with conjugated linoleic acid increases the expression and activity of hepatic uncoupling proteins. J Bioenerg Biomembr 2012; 44:587-96. [PMID: 22864539 DOI: 10.1007/s10863-012-9463-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2012] [Accepted: 07/10/2012] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Daily intake of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) has been shown to reduce body fat accumulation and to increase body metabolism; this latter effect has been often associated with the up-regulation of uncoupling proteins (UCPs). Here we addressed the effects of a CLA-supplemented murine diet (~2 % CLA mixture, cis-9, trans-10 and trans-10, cis-12 isomers; 45 % of each isomer on alternating days) on mitochondrial energetics, UCP2 expression/activity in the liver and other associated morphological and functional parameters, in C57BL/6 mice. Diet supplementation with CLA reduced both lipid accumulation in adipose tissues and triacylglycerol plasma levels, but did not augment hepatic lipid storage. Livers of mice fed a diet supplemented with CLA showed high UCP2 mRNA levels and the isolated hepatic mitochondria showed indications of UCP activity: in the presence of guanosine diphosphate, the higher stimulation of respiration promoted by linoleic acid in mitochondria from the CLA mice was almost completely reduced to the level of the stimulation from the control mice. Despite the increased generation of reactive oxygen species through oxi-reduction reactions involving NAD(+)/NADH in the Krebs cycle, no oxidative stress was observed in the liver. In addition, in the absence of free fatty acids, basal respiration rates and the phosphorylating efficiency of mitochondria were preserved. These results indicate a beneficial and secure dose of CLA for diet supplementation in mice, which induces UCP2 overexpression and UCP activity in mitochondria while preserving the lipid composition and redox state of the liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda F Pereira
- Departamento de Física e Química, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
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Abstract
Conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) has drawn significant attention in the last two decades for its variety of biologically beneficial effects. CLA reduces body fat, cardiovascular diseases and cancer, and modulates immune and inflammatory responses as well as improves bone mass. It has been suggested that the overall effects of CLA are the results of interactions between two major isomers, cis-9,trans-11 and trans-10,cis-12. This review will primarily focus on current CLA publications involving humans, which are also summarized in the tables. Along with a number of beneficial effects of CLA, there are safety considerations for CLA supplementation in humans, which include effects on liver functions, milk fat depression, glucose metabolism, and oxidative stresses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allison Dilzer
- Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Amherst , MA 01003, USA
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9
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trans-10,cis-12 conjugated linoleic acid enhances endurance capacity by increasing fatty acid oxidation and reducing glycogen utilization in mice. Lipids 2012; 47:855-63. [PMID: 22782371 DOI: 10.1007/s11745-012-3698-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2012] [Accepted: 06/24/2012] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The supplementation of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) has been shown to improve endurance by enhancing fat oxidation during exercise in rodents and humans. This study was designed to investigate the isomer-specific effects of CLA on endurance capacity and energy metabolism in mice during exercise. Male 129Sv/J mice were divided into three dietary groups and fed treatment diet for 6 weeks; control, 0.5 % cis-9,trans-11 (c9,t11) CLA, or 0.5 % trans-10,cis-12 (t10,c12) CLA. Dietary t10,c12 CLA induced a significant increase in maximum running time and distance until exhaustion with a dramatic reduction of total adipose depots compared to a control group, but there were no significant changes in endurance with the c9,t11 CLA treatment. Serum triacylglycerol and non-esterified fatty acid concentrations were significantly lower in the t10,c12 fed mice after exercise compared to control and the c9,t11 CLA fed-animals. Glycogen contents in livers of the t10,c12 fed-mice were higher than those in control mice, concomitant with reduction of serum L-lactate level. There were no differences in non-exercise physical activity among all treatment groups. In addition, the mRNA expression levels of carnitine palmitoyl transferase 1β, uncoupling protein 2 and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor δ (PPARδ) in skeletal muscle during exercise were significantly up-regulated by the t10,c12 CLA but not the c9,t11 CLA. These results suggest that the t10,c12 CLA is responsible for improving endurance exercise capacity by promoting fat oxidation with a reduction of the consumption of stored liver glycogen, potentially mediated via PPARδ dependent mechanisms.
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Herman-Lara E, Santos-Blanco V, Vivar-Vera M, García H, Ochoa-Martínez L, Martínez-Sánchez C. Conjugated linoleic acid content in selected Mexican beef and dairy products. CYTA - JOURNAL OF FOOD 2012. [DOI: 10.1080/19476337.2011.560966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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Kim JH, Pan JH, Park HG, Yoon HG, Kwon OJ, Kim TW, Shin DH, Kim YJ. Functional comparison of esterified and free forms of conjugated linoleic acid in high-fat-diet-induced obese C57BL/6J mice. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2010; 58:11441-11447. [PMID: 20932032 DOI: 10.1021/jf102164j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the effects of dietary conjugated linoleic acid (CLA), in the form of free fatty acid (FFA-CLA) or triacylglycerol (TG-CLA), on serum and liver lipid composition and gene expression associated with lipogenesis and β-oxidation in high-fat-diet (HFD)-induced obese C57BL/6J mice. Animals were fed a control diet, HFD, HFD supplemented with 2% FFA-CLA, or HFD supplemented with 2% TG-CLA for 8 weeks. Supplementation with both forms of CLA significantly reduced the weights of whole body and adipose tissue and was positively associated with significant liver enlargement. Both forms of CLA significantly decreased serum TG concentration, but had no effect on total cholesterol levels, which were increased in mice fed HFD. There was a prominent increase in serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels in mice that received either form of CLA. TG accumulation and lipogenic gene expression, including the expression of genes for fatty acid synthase (FAS), acetyl-coenzyme A carboxylase (ACC), and malic enzyme, were significantly lower in the livers of mice that received TG-CLA as compared to FFA-CLA. The gene expressions of sterol regulatory element binding protein-1c (SREBP-1c) in both liver and adipose tissue were suppressed in mice that were fed either form of CLA as compared to the mice fed HFD alone, whereas there were no increases in the levels of expression of β-oxidation-related genes. These findings demonstrated that free and esterified forms of CLA have differing effects on liver and adipose tissue lipogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Ho Kim
- Department of Food and Biotechnology, Korea University, Chungnam 339-700, Republic of Korea
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12
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Trans-8,cis-10+cis-9,trans-11-conjugated linoleic acid mixture alters body composition in Syrian golden hamsters fed a hypercholesterolaemic diet. Br J Nutr 2010; 104:1443-9. [DOI: 10.1017/s0007114510002345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
The effectiveness of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) as a weight-loss nutraceutical continues to be debatable, suggesting that there may be value in exploring the physiological effects of the lesser-known isomers. The effects of the minor isomer,trans-8,cis-10 (t8,c10)-CLA, in the form of an equimolar mixture with thecis-9,trans-11 (c9,t11) isomer, on body weight and body composition, circulating glucose and lipid concentrations, and liver weights were studied in sixty male Syrian golden hamsters. Animals were randomised to receive for 28 d a semi-purified, hypercholesterolaemic diet (5 % dietary fat and 0·25 % cholesterol) supplemented at the 2 % level with either thet8,c10+c9,t11-CLA mixture,c9,t11-CLA ortrans-10,cis-12 (t10,c12)-CLA replacing lard and safflower-seed oil (control). Results show that compared with control, thet8,c10+c9,t11-CLA mixture andt10,c12-CLA-fed animals had lower (P < 0·0001) fat mass following supplementation. Animals consumingt10,c12-CLA also possessed higher lean mass compared with control andc9,t11-CLA groups (P < 0·001). However, the livers of these animals were larger (P < 0·0001) compared with those in the control and other CLA groups. Body weights of the hamsters did not differ across the experimental groups. CLA treatments had no effect on serum glucose or lipid profile, except for inducing higher (P < 0·05) non-HDL-cholesterol concentration witht10,c12-CLA compared with thec9,t11 isomer. Overall, these results indicate that in male hamsters fed a hypercholesterolaemic diet, thet8,c10+c9,t11-CLA mixture does not have an impact on blood lipid profile, but is able to effectively reduce fat mass, without incurring an accompanying liver enlargement.
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Kennedy A, Martinez K, Schmidt S, Mandrup S, LaPoint K, McIntosh M. Antiobesity mechanisms of action of conjugated linoleic acid. J Nutr Biochem 2009; 21:171-9. [PMID: 19954947 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2009.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 152] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2009] [Revised: 08/06/2009] [Accepted: 08/19/2009] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Conjugated linoleic acid (CLA), a family of fatty acids found in beef, dairy foods and dietary supplements, reduces adiposity in several animal models of obesity and some human studies. However, the isomer-specific antiobesity mechanisms of action of CLA are unclear, and its use in humans is controversial. This review will summarize in vivo and in vitro findings from the literature regarding potential mechanisms by which CLA reduces adiposity, including its impact on (a) energy metabolism, (b) adipogenesis, (c) inflammation, (d) lipid metabolism and (e) apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arion Kennedy
- Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina Greensboro, PO Box 26170, Greensboro, NC 27402-6170, USA
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del Mar Romero M, Fernández-López JA, Esteve M, Alemany M. Site-related white adipose tissue lipid-handling response to oleoyl-estrone treatment in overweight male rats. Eur J Nutr 2009; 48:291-9. [PMID: 19326039 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-009-0013-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2008] [Accepted: 02/27/2009] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oleoyl-estrone (OE) decreases energy intake while maintaining glucose homeostasis, and energy expenditure at the expense of body fat. White adipose tissue (WAT) depots behave differently under starvation, postprandial state and pharmacologically induced lipolysis. AIM OF THE STUDY To understand the mechanism of massive lipid loss from WAT elicited by OE treatment. METHODS We used overweight male rats. Rats receiving OE (10 nmol/g) gavages were compared with controls and a pair-fed group. Whole fat pads from the mesenteric, retroperitoneal, epididymal and inguinal subcutaneous sites were excised and analyzed for lipid, DNA, mRNA and the expression of lipogenic, fatty acid transporters and lipase genes. RESULTS In OE and pair-fed rats, WAT weights decreased, with the limited loss of cells. Patterns of gene expression in most WAT sites were similar for OE and PF, suggesting a shared mechanism of fat mobilization, but in mesenteric WAT, PF increased lipogenic and fatty acid transporter gene expressions. However, OE inhibited lipogenic expressions more deeply than PF. CONCLUSIONS White adipose tissue sites showed different expression patterns, hinting at relatively specialized functions in fat storage; thus, single site analyses cannot be extrapolated to whole WAT. Differences between mesenteric and the other sites suggest that 'visceral fat' should be reserved for this site only, and not applied to other abdominal fat depots (epididymal, retroperitoneal).
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Affiliation(s)
- María del Mar Romero
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
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15
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Effect of dietary conjugated linoleic acid isomers on lipid metabolism in hamsters fed high-carbohydrate and high-fat diets. Br J Nutr 2008; 101:1630-8. [PMID: 18983716 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114508118785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Dietary conjugated linoleic acids (CLA) have been reported to have a number of isomer-dependent effects on lipid metabolism including reduction in adipose tissue deposition, changes in plasma lipoprotein concentrations and hepatic lipid accumulation. The aim of this study was to compare the effect of individual CLA isomers against lipogenic and high 'Western' fat background diets. Golden Syrian hamsters were fed a high-carbohydrate rodent chow or chow supplemented with 17.25 % fat formulated to represent the type and amount of fatty acids found in a typical 'Western' diet (including 0.2 % cholesterol). Diets were further supplemented with 0.25 % (w/w) rapeseed oil, cis9, trans11 (c9,t11)-CLA or trans10, cis12 (t10,c12)-CLA. Neither isomer had a significant impact on plasma lipid or lipoprotein concentrations. The t10,c12-CLA isomer significantly reduced perirenal adipose tissue depot mass. While adipose tissue acetyl CoA carboxylase and fatty acid synthase mRNA concentrations (as measured by quantitative PCR) were unaffected by CLA, lipoprotein lipase mRNA was specifically reduced by t10,c12-CLA, on both background diets (P < 0.001). This was associated with a specific reduction of sterol regulatory element binding protein 1c expression in perirenal adipose tissue (P = 0.018). The isomers appear to have divergent effects on liver TAG content with c9,t11-CLA producing lower concentrations than t10,c12-CLA. We conclude that t10,c12-CLA modestly reduces adipose tissue deposition in the Golden Syrian hamster independently of background diet and this may possibly result from reduced uptake of lipoprotein fatty acids, as a consequence of reduced lipoprotein lipase gene expression.
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Lam CK, Chen J, Cao Y, Yang L, Wong YM, Yeung SYV, Yao X, Huang Y, Chen ZY. Conjugated and non-conjugated octadecaenoic acids affect differently intestinal acyl coenzyme A: cholesterol acyltransferase activity. Atherosclerosis 2007; 198:85-93. [PMID: 18078940 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2007.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2007] [Revised: 10/26/2007] [Accepted: 11/02/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
We investigated the relative hypocholesterolemic activity of linoleic acid (LA), conjugated linoleic acid (CLA), alpha-linolenic acid (LN) and conjugated linolenic acid (CLN) in hamsters. Five groups of hamsters (n=10 each) were fed either the control diet or one of the four fatty acids-supplemented diets for 6 weeks. Results demonstrated that the four octadecaenoic acids decreased plasma cholesterol differently, with CLA being the most effective. Western blotting and RT-PCR analysis demonstrated that the four octadecaenoic acids had no effect on sterol regulatory element binding protein-2 (SREBP-2), liver X receptor (LXR), 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutary-CoA reductase (HMGR), LDL receptor (LDLR), and cholesterol-7alpha-hydroxylase (CYP7A1). However, the four octadecaenoic acids increased the excretion of fecal neutral sterols with CLA being most effective followed by LN, LA and CLN, suggesting they all differentially affect cholesterol absorption. Dietary CLA was associated with the least intestinal acyl coenzyme A: cholesterol acyltransferase (ACAT) activity followed by LN, LA and CLN in a decreasing trend. Since esterification of cholesterol is catalyzed by intestinal ACAT, and is a rate-limiting step in cholesterol absorption, it was concluded that the varying effects of CLA, LN, LA and CLN on blood cholesterol were mediated, at least in part, by their inhibition on intestinal ACAT activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheuk Kai Lam
- Food & Nutritional Sciences Programme of Department of Biochemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong, China
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