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Muralidharan J, Romain C, Bresciani L, Mena P, Angelino D, Del Rio D, Chung LH, Alcaraz PE, Cases J. Nutrikinetics and urinary excretion of phenolic compounds after a 16-week supplementation with a flavanone-rich ingredient. Food Funct 2023; 14:10506-10519. [PMID: 37943075 DOI: 10.1039/d3fo02820h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
Background: Polyphenols are a broad group of compounds with a complex metabolic fate. Flavanones and their metabolites provide cardiovascular protection and assistance in long-term body composition management. Objective: This study evaluates the nutrikinetics and the bioavailability of phenolic compounds after both acute and chronic supplementation with a flavanone-rich product, namely Sinetrol® Xpur, in healthy overweight and obese volunteers. Design: An open-label study including 20 volunteers was conducted for 16 weeks. Participants received Sinetrol® Xpur, either a low dose (900 mg per day) or a high dose (1800 mg per day), in capsules during breakfast and lunch. They were advised to follow an individualized isocaloric diet and avoid a list of polyphenol-rich foods 48 hours before and during the pharmacokinetic measurements. Results: Over 20 phase II and colonic metabolites were measured in the plasma. Two peaks were observed at 1 h and 7h-10 h after the first capsule ingestion. No significant differences in the AUC were observed in circulating metabolites between both doses. In urine excretion, 53 metabolites were monitored, including human phase II and colonic metabolites, at weeks 1 and 16. Cumulative urine excretion was higher after the high dose than after the low dose in both acute and chronic studies. Total urinary metabolites were significantly lower in week 16 compared to week 1. Conclusion: Although the urinary excreted metabolites reduced significantly over 16 weeks, the circulating metabolites did not decrease significantly. This study suggests that chronic intake might not offer the same bioavailability as in the acute study, and this effect does not seem to be dose-dependent. The clinical trial registry number is NCT03823196.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Cindy Romain
- Fytexia, ZAE via Europa - 3 rue d'Athènes, 34350 Vendres, France.
| | - Letizia Bresciani
- Human Nutrition Unit, Department of Food & Drug, University of Parma, Via Volturno 39, 43125 Parma, Italy
| | - Pedro Mena
- Human Nutrition Unit, Department of Food & Drug, University of Parma, Via Volturno 39, 43125 Parma, Italy
| | - Donato Angelino
- Faculty of Bioscience and Technology for Food, Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, Teramo, 64100, Italy
| | - Daniele Del Rio
- Human Nutrition Unit, Department of Food & Drug, University of Parma, Via Volturno 39, 43125 Parma, Italy
| | - Linda H Chung
- Research Center for High Performance Sport - UCAM Universidad Católica de Murcia, Murcia, Spain
- Department of Food and Nutrition Technology, Universidad Católica de Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Pedro E Alcaraz
- Research Center for High Performance Sport - UCAM Universidad Católica de Murcia, Murcia, Spain
- Department of Food and Nutrition Technology, Universidad Católica de Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Julien Cases
- Fytexia, ZAE via Europa - 3 rue d'Athènes, 34350 Vendres, France.
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Krusinski L, Maciel ICF, van Vliet S, Ahsin M, Lu G, Rowntree JE, Fenton JI. Measuring the Phytochemical Richness of Meat: Effects of Grass/Grain Finishing Systems and Grapeseed Extract Supplementation on the Fatty Acid and Phytochemical Content of Beef. Foods 2023; 12:3547. [PMID: 37835200 PMCID: PMC10572853 DOI: 10.3390/foods12193547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Grass-finished beef (GFB) can provide beneficial bioactive compounds to healthy diets, including omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFAs), conjugated linoleic acid (CLA), and secondary bioactive compounds, such as phytochemicals. The objective of this study was to compare fatty acids (FAs), micronutrients, and phytochemicals of beef fed a biodiverse pasture (GRASS), a total mixed ration (GRAIN), or a total mixed ration with 5% grapeseed extract (GRAPE). This was a two-year study involving fifty-four Red Angus steers (n = 54). GFB contained higher levels of n-3 PUFAs, vitamin E, iron, zinc, stachydrine, hippuric acid, citric acid, and succinic acid than beef from GRAIN and GRAPE (p < 0.001 for all). No differences were observed in quantified phytochemicals between beef from GRAIN and GRAPE (p > 0.05). Random forest analysis indicated that phytochemical and FA composition of meat can predict cattle diets with a degree of certainty, especially for GFB (5.6% class error). In conclusion, these results indicate that GFB contains higher levels of potentially beneficial bioactive compounds, such as n-3 PUFAs, micronutrients, and phytochemicals, compared to grain-finished beef. Additionally, the n-6:n-3 ratio was the most crucial factor capable of separating beef based on finishing diets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas Krusinski
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA;
| | - Isabella C. F. Maciel
- Department of Animal Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA; (I.C.F.M.); (J.E.R.)
| | - Stephan van Vliet
- Center for Human Nutrition Studies, Department of Nutrition, Dietetics, and Food Sciences, Utah State University, Logan, UT 84322, USA; (S.v.V.); (M.A.)
| | - Muhammad Ahsin
- Center for Human Nutrition Studies, Department of Nutrition, Dietetics, and Food Sciences, Utah State University, Logan, UT 84322, USA; (S.v.V.); (M.A.)
| | - Guanqi Lu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA;
| | - Jason E. Rowntree
- Department of Animal Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA; (I.C.F.M.); (J.E.R.)
| | - Jenifer I. Fenton
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA;
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3
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Krusinski L, Sergin S, Jambunathan V, Rowntree JE, Fenton JI. Attention to the Details: How Variations in U.S. Grass-Fed Cattle-Feed Supplementation and Finishing Date Influence Human Health. FRONTIERS IN SUSTAINABLE FOOD SYSTEMS 2022. [DOI: 10.3389/fsufs.2022.851494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
As the global population increases, so does meat consumption. This trend is accompanied by concerns regarding the meat industry, and consumers are demanding transparency on the environmental and health effects of the products they are purchasing. Many leading health organizations recommend reducing red meat consumption. Nevertheless, no differentiation is made among red meats and beef. The beef production system is generally ignored despite nutritional differences between grain- and grass-fed beef. Compared to grain-fed beef, grass-fed beef contains a healthier fatty acid profile, including more omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and conjugated linoleic acid, and increased concentrations of phytochemicals desired by health-conscious customers. However, there is a lack of consistency among grass-fed beef in the United States regarding clear product labeling and cattle dietary components. Grass-fed beef labeling confusion has emerged, including misunderstandings between grass-fed and grass-finished beef. Along with this, previous studies observed significant nutritional variation among grass-finished beef from different producers across the country. Cattle diet has the strongest influence on the nutritional composition of beef. Therefore, understanding differences in feeding practices is key to understanding differing nutritional quality of grass-fed beef. Feeding cattle diverse pastures composed of multiple plant species including grasses and legumes managed in a rotational grazing fashion results in higher omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and phytochemical levels in beef compared to feedlots and monocultures. Seasonal differences including changes in temperature, rainfall, grazing practices, and plant growth cycles affect the nutritional composition of feeds and ultimately meat. Additional feeds utilized in grass-fed beef production systems such as conserved forages may reduce or increase health-promoting nutrients in grass-fed beef, while supplements such as grape byproducts and flaxseed may improve its nutritional profile. Further research should measure the effects of individual feedstuff and the finishing period on the nutritional profile on grass-fed beef. A better understanding of these details will be a step toward the standardization of pasture-raised ruminant products, strengthening the relationship between grass-fed beef consumption and human health.
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4
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de la Luz Cádiz-Gurrea M, Fernández-Ochoa Á, Del Carmen Villegas-Aguilar M, Arráez-Román D, Segura-Carretero A. Therapeutic Targets for Phenolic Compounds from Agro-industrial Byproducts against Obesity. Curr Med Chem 2021; 29:1083-1098. [PMID: 34544333 DOI: 10.2174/0929867328666210920103815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Revised: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity is considered as a global epidemic worldwide. This disorder is associated to several health effects such as metabolic disturbances that need both prevention and treatment actions. In this sense, bioactive secondary metabolites can be obtained from cheap sources such as agro-industrial waste providing a sustainable alternative against obesity. Among these secondary metabolites, phenolic compounds present a common chemical structure core with different substitutions that provides them biological properties such as antioxidant, inflammatory, anti-aging capacities. OBJECTIVE The aim of this review is to compile anti-obesity therapeutic targets for phenolic compounds from agro-industrial byproducts. METHOD Scientific information has been obtained from different databases such as Scopus, PubMed and Google Scholar in order to select the available full text studies in last years. RESULTS This review shows that peel, seed, pomace and other byproducts from agro-industry have different effects inhibiting enzymes related to lipid or glucose metabolism and modulating biomarkers, genes and gut microbiota in animal models. CONCLUSION Revalorizing actions of agro-industrial byproducts in the prevention or treatment of obesity or associated disorders can be considered to develop new high value products that act on lipid, glucose and energy metabolisms, oxidative stress, inflammation, adipose tissue or gut microbiota. However, further human studies are need in order to stablish the optimal administration parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Álvaro Fernández-Ochoa
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin. Germany
| | | | - David Arráez-Román
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Granada, Granada. Spain
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N-butylidenephthalide ameliorates high-fat diet-induced obesity in mice and promotes browning through adrenergic response/AMPK activation in mouse beige adipocytes. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2021; 1866:159033. [PMID: 34487913 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2021.159033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Revised: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Thermogenesis (non-exercise activity) in brown adipose tissue (BAT) promotes energy expenditure because of its higher number of mitochondria than white adipose tissue (WAT). The main function of thermogenesis in BAT can counteract obesity through the dissipation of calories as heat. N-butylidenephthalide (BP) is a natural derivative from Angelica sinensis, a Chinese herb that has been used for thousands of years. In this report, we demonstrated that BP improved the metabolic profiles of mice with high fat diet-induced obesity (DIO) by preventing weight gain, improving serum blood parameters, enhancing energy expenditure, stimulating white fat browning, and reversing hepatic steatosis. Further investigations demonstrated that BP administration upregulated the mRNA expression of beige (CD137, TMEM26) and brown fat selected genes (UCP1, PRDM16, PGC-1α, PPARγ) in white adipose tissues. In vitro studies, BP treatment increased multilocular lipid droplet levels, induced β-adrenergic receptor (cAMP/PKA) and AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) signaling (AMPK/acetyl-CoA carboxylase/SIRT1), and increased oxygen consumption in murine differentiated beige adipocytes, and the effects of BP were blocked by an AMPK inhibitor. BP promoted the interaction of AMPK with PGC-1α in beige adipocytes. Our findings provide novel insights into the application of BP in regulating energy metabolism and suggest its utility for clinical use in the treatment of obesity and related diseases.
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Xu M, Chen X, Huang Z, Chen D, Yu B, Chen H, Luo Y, Zheng P, Yu J, He J. Grape seed proanthocyanidin extract promotes skeletal muscle fiber type transformation via AMPK signaling pathway. J Nutr Biochem 2020; 84:108462. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2020.108462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2020] [Revised: 05/23/2020] [Accepted: 06/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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7
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Arola-Arnal A, López de Las Hazas MC, Iglesias-Carres L, Mantilla-Escalante DC, Suárez M, Busto R, Visioli F, Bladé C, Dávalos A. Exosomes transport trace amounts of (poly)phenols. Food Funct 2020; 11:7784-7792. [PMID: 32808000 DOI: 10.1039/d0fo01824d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
(Poly)phenols have varied biological activities that may account for the beneficial effects of fruits and vegetables as part of a healthy diet. Although their cellular absorption and their many mechanisms of action have been partly elucidated, their transport through the systemic circulation, other than their binding to albumin, is poorly described. We aimed at determining whether (poly)phenols can be transported by extracellular vesicles. We supplemented rats with a dietary grape seed polyphenol extract (GSPE) and we quantified (poly)phenols and their metabolites at 3 and 7 h post-gavage. After quantitative LC-MS/MS analysis of circulating aglycones, and microbial-derived, or phase II-derived metabolites we recorded a quantitatively very modest transport of (poly)phenols in plasma exosomes when isolated by commercial ultracentrifugation or precipitation kits. Our data suggest that GSPE-derived (poly)phenols are minimally, if at all, transported by exosomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Arola-Arnal
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, Nutrigenomics Research Group, 43007, Tarragona, Spain
| | - María-Carmen López de Las Hazas
- Laboratory of Epigenetics of Lipid Metabolism, Madrid Institute for Advanced Studies (IMDEA)-Food, CEI UAM + CSIC, 28049 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Lisard Iglesias-Carres
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, Nutrigenomics Research Group, 43007, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Diana C Mantilla-Escalante
- Laboratory of Epigenetics of Lipid Metabolism, Madrid Institute for Advanced Studies (IMDEA)-Food, CEI UAM + CSIC, 28049 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Manuel Suárez
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, Nutrigenomics Research Group, 43007, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Rebeca Busto
- Servicio de Bioquímica-Investigación, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Spain; Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain and CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Francesco Visioli
- Laboratory of Functional Foods, Madrid Institute for Advanced Studies (IMDEA)-Food, CEI UAM + CSIC, 28049 Madrid, Spain and Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, 35121 Padova, Italy
| | - Cinta Bladé
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, Nutrigenomics Research Group, 43007, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Alberto Dávalos
- Laboratory of Epigenetics of Lipid Metabolism, Madrid Institute for Advanced Studies (IMDEA)-Food, CEI UAM + CSIC, 28049 Madrid, Spain.
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8
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Lu KY, Primus Dass KT, Tsai SF, Chuang HM, Lin SZ, Liu SP, Harn HJ. Clinical Application Potential of Small Molecules that Induce Brown Adipose Tissue Thermogenesis by Improving Fat Metabolism. Cell Transplant 2020; 29:963689720927394. [PMID: 32854518 PMCID: PMC7563884 DOI: 10.1177/0963689720927394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Mammalian fat comprises white and brown adipose tissue (WAT and BAT, respectively). WAT stores energy, whereas BAT is used for thermogenesis. In recent years, the incidence of obesity and its associated disorders have increased tremendously. Considering the thermogenic capacity and decreased levels of BAT with increasing age, BAT can be used as a suitable therapeutic target for the treatment of obesity and diabetes. In several studies, using positron emission tomography and computed tomography images, adult humans have been shown to have functional BAT in interscapular fat. Results of these basic research studies on BAT have shed light on the new components of transcriptional regulation and the role of hormones in stimulating BAT growth and differentiation. In this review article, we have summarized the thermogenic regulators identified in the past decades by focusing on peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma/uncoupling protein 1 activators, branched-chain amino acids, fatty acids (lipokine), and adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase mediators. We have also presented the progress of a few ongoing clinical trials aimed at the treatment of obesity and its associated metabolic disorders. The main purpose of this review was to provide a comprehensive introduction to the latest knowledge of the representative thermogenic regulators for the treatment of obesity. The fat combustion capacity of BAT may have great potential and can be considered as a suitable target for the therapeutic application of drugs from bench-to-bed treatment of obesity and the associated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kang-Yun Lu
- 505876Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien, Taiwan
| | | | | | | | - Shinn-Zong Lin
- 505876Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Ping Liu
- Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Science, Taichung, Taiwan
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Muñoz-González I, Chamorro S, Pérez-Jiménez J, López-Andrés P, Álvarez-Acero I, Herrero AM, Nardoia MA, Brenes A, Viveros A, Arija I, Rey A, Ruiz-Capillas C. Phenolic Metabolites in Plasma and Thigh Meat of Chickens Supplemented with Grape Byproducts. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2019; 67:4463-4471. [PMID: 30977645 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b00222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Grape byproducts are rich sources of polyphenols with powerful antioxidant and health-promoting effects. The impact of supplementing chicken diets with grape byproducts on plasma and thigh meat concentrations of phenolic metabolites was evaluated by analyzing samples by high-performance liquid chromatography quadrupole time of flight mass spectrometry. Chickens were fed three experimental diets: Control diet, Control+8% grape pomace, and Control+0.1% grape seed extract. In plasma, 32 phenolic metabolites were identified, some of which were conjugated catechin/epicatechin metabolites exclusively identified in chickens fed diets enriched in grape byproducts. Also, these chickens showed significantly higher plasmatic concentrations of 21 phenolic metabolites. In thigh meat, 14 phenolic metabolites were identified, but no differences were found between diets. Higher plasmatic tocopherol was found when supplementing diets with grape byproducts, while no changes were observed in meat. Thus, supplementing chicken diets with grape byproducts leads to a significant increase in the circulation of phenolic metabolites and tocopherol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Muñoz-González
- Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Alimentos y Nutrición (ICTAN-CSIC) , José Antonio Nováis, 10 , 28040 Madrid , Spain
| | - Susana Chamorro
- Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Alimentos y Nutrición (ICTAN-CSIC) , José Antonio Nováis, 10 , 28040 Madrid , Spain
| | - Jara Pérez-Jiménez
- Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Alimentos y Nutrición (ICTAN-CSIC) , José Antonio Nováis, 10 , 28040 Madrid , Spain
| | - Patricia López-Andrés
- Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Alimentos y Nutrición (ICTAN-CSIC) , José Antonio Nováis, 10 , 28040 Madrid , Spain
| | - Inmaculada Álvarez-Acero
- Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Alimentos y Nutrición (ICTAN-CSIC) , José Antonio Nováis, 10 , 28040 Madrid , Spain
| | - Ana M Herrero
- Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Alimentos y Nutrición (ICTAN-CSIC) , José Antonio Nováis, 10 , 28040 Madrid , Spain
| | - Marı A Nardoia
- Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Alimentos y Nutrición (ICTAN-CSIC) , José Antonio Nováis, 10 , 28040 Madrid , Spain
| | - Agustín Brenes
- Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Alimentos y Nutrición (ICTAN-CSIC) , José Antonio Nováis, 10 , 28040 Madrid , Spain
| | - Agustín Viveros
- Facultad de Veterinaria , Universidad Complutense , 28040 Madrid , Spain
| | - Ignacio Arija
- Facultad de Veterinaria , Universidad Complutense , 28040 Madrid , Spain
| | - Ana Rey
- Facultad de Veterinaria , Universidad Complutense , 28040 Madrid , Spain
| | - Claudia Ruiz-Capillas
- Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Alimentos y Nutrición (ICTAN-CSIC) , José Antonio Nováis, 10 , 28040 Madrid , Spain
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10
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Serreli G, Deiana M. In vivoformed metabolites of polyphenols and their biological efficacy. Food Funct 2019; 10:6999-7021. [DOI: 10.1039/c9fo01733j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The metabolites of polyphenols are antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anticancer agents. Being bioavailable, they may play an important role in preventing degenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriele Serreli
- Department of Biomedical Sciences
- University of Cagliari
- Cagliari
- Italy
| | - Monica Deiana
- Department of Biomedical Sciences
- University of Cagliari
- Cagliari
- Italy
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11
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Perez-Ternero C, Werner CM, Nickel AG, Herrera MD, Motilva MJ, Böhm M, Alvarez de Sotomayor M, Laufs U. Ferulic acid, a bioactive component of rice bran, improves oxidative stress and mitochondrial biogenesis and dynamics in mice and in human mononuclear cells. J Nutr Biochem 2017; 48:51-61. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2017.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2016] [Revised: 06/05/2017] [Accepted: 06/19/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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12
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Suppression of CCL26 and CCL11 generation in human alveolar epithelial cells by apple extracts containing procyanidins. J Funct Foods 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2017.01.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
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13
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Safety and efficacy of dry grape extract when used as a feed flavouring for all animal species and categories. EFSA J 2016; 14:e04476. [PMID: 40007827 PMCID: PMC11847993 DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2016.4476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Following a request from the European Commission, the EFSA Panel on Additives and Products or Substances used in Animal Feed (FEEDAP) was asked to deliver a scientific opinion on the safety and efficacy of dry grape extract when used as feed flavouring for all animal species and categories. The additive under assessment (dry grape extract) is a mixture of two extracts from seeds and skin of Vitis vinifera subsp. vinifera. Flavouring preparations produced from food, such as extracts of grapes, can be used in and on food without specific authorisation. The FEEDAP Panel concludes that the additive dry grape extract is safe at the maximum proposed use level (100 mg/kg complete feed) for all animal species except dogs, for which no safe dietary concentration could be established. No safety concern would arise for the consumer from the use of the dry grape extract up to the highest safe level in feeds. The grape seed extract tested are irritating to skin and eyes. However, the extent to which these observations would also apply to the behaviour of the complete additive containing grape skin extracts in addition is unknown. In the absence of data, it is not possible to conclude on the potential of the additive to be skin or respiratory sensitiser. The use of dry grape extract at the maximum proposed dose is not considered to be a risk for the environment. Since the major component of the additive, the proanthocyanidin-rich seed extract, is recognised to provide flavour in food and its function in feed would be essentially the same, no demonstration of efficacy is considered necessary.
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14
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Katiyar SK. Dietary proanthocyanidins inhibit UV radiation-induced skin tumor development through functional activation of the immune system. Mol Nutr Food Res 2016; 60:1374-82. [PMID: 26991736 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201501026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2015] [Revised: 02/01/2016] [Accepted: 03/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The incidence of skin cancer is equivalent to the incidence of malignancies in all other organs combined. The main risk factor for this disease is overexposure of the skin to solar ultraviolet (UV) radiation. UV irradiation induces inflammation, oxidative stress, DNA damage, and suppression of the immune system in the skin, which together contribute to carcinogenesis. The use of dietary phytochemicals shows great promise as a complementary and alternative strategy for skin cancer prevention. Grape seed proanthocyanidins (GSPs) have been tested extensively for their anti-skin cancer effect using in vivo animal models. Supplementation of an AIN76A control diet with GSPs (0.2 and 0.5%, w/w) significantly inhibits UV radiation-induced skin tumor development as well as malignant transformation of papillomas to carcinoma in mice. The inhibition of UVB-induced skin tumor development by GSPs is mediated through interrelated mechanisms of action including: (i) inhibition of inflammation, (ii) rapid repair of damaged DNA, and (iii) stimulation of immune system. Additionally, the chemopreventive effects of GSPs involve DNA repair-dependent functional activation of antigen-presenting cells and stimulation of CD8(+) effector T cells. These effects of GSPs could be useful in attenuation of the adverse effects of UV radiation and may have health benefits in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santosh K Katiyar
- Departments of Dermatology and Environmental Health Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.,Comprehensive Cancer Center and Nutrition Obesity Research Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.,Birmingham Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Birmingham, AL, USA
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15
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Akaberi M, Hosseinzadeh H. Grapes (Vitis vinifera) as a Potential Candidate for the Therapy of the Metabolic Syndrome. Phytother Res 2016; 30:540-56. [PMID: 26800498 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.5570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2015] [Revised: 10/17/2015] [Accepted: 12/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome is associated with several disorders, including hypertension, diabetes, hyperlipidemia as well as cardiovascular diseases and stroke. Plant-derived polyphenols, compounds found in numerous plant species, play an important role as potential treatments for components of metabolic syndrome. Studies have provided evidence for protective effects of various polyphenol-rich foods against metabolic syndrome. Fruits, vegetables, cereals, nuts, and berries are rich in polyphenolic compounds. Grapes (Vitis vinifera), especially grape seeds, stand out as rich sources of polyphenol potent antioxidants and have been reported helpful for inhibiting the risk factors involved in the metabolic syndrome such as hyperlipidemia, hyperglycemia, and hypertension. There are also many studies about gastroprotective, hepatoprotective, and anti-obesity effects of grape polyphenolic compounds especially proanthocyanidins in the literature. The present study investigates the protective effects of grape seeds in metabolic syndrome. The results of this study show that grape polyphenols have significant effects on the level of blood glucose, lipid profile, blood pressure, as well as beneficial activities in liver and heart with various mechanisms. In addition, the pharmacokinetics of grape polyphenols is discussed. More detailed mechanistic investigations and phytochemical studies for finding the exact bioactive component(s) and molecular signaling pathways are suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Akaberi
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Student Research Committee, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Hosein Hosseinzadeh
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, Department of Pharmacodynamy and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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Margalef M, Pons Z, Iglesias-Carres L, Bravo FI, Muguerza B, Arola-Arnal A. Lack of tissue accumulation of grape seed flavanols after daily long-term administration in healthy and cafeteria-diet obese rats. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2015; 63:9996-10003. [PMID: 26496863 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.5b03856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
After ingestion flavanols are metabolized by phase-II enzymes and the microbiota and are distributed throughout the body depending on several factors. Herein we aim to evaluate whether flavanols are tissue-accumulated after the long-term administration of a grape seed polyphenol extract (GSPE) in rats and to study if compounds present in tissues differ in a cafeteria-diet obesity state. For that, plasma, liver, mesenteric white adipose tissue (MWAT), brain, and aorta flavanol metabolites from standard chow-diet-fed (ST) and cafeteria-diet-fed (CAF) rats were analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-ESI-MS/MS) 21 h after the last 12-week-daily GSPE (100 mg/kg) dosage. Results showed that long-term GSPE intake did not trigger a flavanol tissue accumulation, indicating a clearance of products at each daily dosage. Therefore, results suggest that polyphenol benefits in a disease state would be due to a daily pulsatile effect. Moreover, obesity induced by diet also influences the metabolism and bioavailability of flavanols in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Margalef
- Nutrigenomic Research Group, Biochemistry and Biotechnology Department, Rovira i Virgili University , Tarragona 43003, Spain
| | - Zara Pons
- Nutrigenomic Research Group, Biochemistry and Biotechnology Department, Rovira i Virgili University , Tarragona 43003, Spain
| | - Lisard Iglesias-Carres
- Nutrigenomic Research Group, Biochemistry and Biotechnology Department, Rovira i Virgili University , Tarragona 43003, Spain
| | - Francisca Isabel Bravo
- Nutrigenomic Research Group, Biochemistry and Biotechnology Department, Rovira i Virgili University , Tarragona 43003, Spain
| | - Begoña Muguerza
- Nutrigenomic Research Group, Biochemistry and Biotechnology Department, Rovira i Virgili University , Tarragona 43003, Spain
- Technological Center of Nutrition and Health (CTNS), TECNIO, CEICS , Reus 43204, Spain
| | - Anna Arola-Arnal
- Nutrigenomic Research Group, Biochemistry and Biotechnology Department, Rovira i Virgili University , Tarragona 43003, Spain
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Margalef M, Pons Z, Bravo FI, Muguerza B, Arola-Arnal A. Tissue distribution of rat flavanol metabolites at different doses. J Nutr Biochem 2015; 26:987-95. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2015.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2014] [Revised: 03/24/2015] [Accepted: 04/07/2015] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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Motilva MJ, Serra A, Rubió L. Nutrikinetic studies of food bioactive compounds: fromin vitrotoin vivoapproaches. Int J Food Sci Nutr 2015; 66 Suppl 1:S41-52. [DOI: 10.3109/09637486.2015.1025721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Ribas-Latre A, Baselga-Escudero L, Casanova E, Arola-Arnal A, Salvadó MJ, Bladé C, Arola L. Dietary proanthocyanidins modulate BMAL1 acetylation, Nampt expression and NAD levels in rat liver. Sci Rep 2015; 5:10954. [PMID: 26051626 PMCID: PMC4603780 DOI: 10.1038/srep10954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2014] [Accepted: 04/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolism follows circadian rhythms, which are driven by peripheral clocks. Clock genes in the liver are entrained by daytime meals and food components. Proanthocyanidins (PAs), the most abundant flavonoids in the human diet, modulate lipid and glucose metabolism. The aim of this study was to determine whether PAs could adjust the clock system in the liver. Male Wistar rats were orally gavaged with 250 mg grape seed proanthocyanidin extract (GSPE)/kg body weight at zeitgeber time (ZT) 0 (light turned on), at ZT12 (light turned off), or before a 6 hour jet-lag and sacrificed at different times. The 24 hour rhythm of clock-core and clock-controlled gene expression indicated that nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (Nampt) was the most sensitive gene to GSPE. However, Nampt was repressed or overexpressed after GSPE administration at ZT0 or ZT12, respectively. NAD levels, which are controlled by Nampt and also exhibit circadian rhythm, decreased or increased according to Nampt expression. Moreover, the ratio of acetylated Bmal1, that directly drives Nampt expression, only increased when GSPE was administered at ZT12. Therefore, GSPE modulated the clock system in the liver, suggesting that PAs can regulate lipid and glucose metabolism by adjusting the circadian rhythm in the liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleix Ribas-Latre
- Nutrigenomic Research Group. Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Laura Baselga-Escudero
- Nutrigenomic Research Group. Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Ester Casanova
- Nutrigenomic Research Group. Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Anna Arola-Arnal
- Nutrigenomic Research Group. Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, Spain
| | - M-Josepa Salvadó
- Nutrigenomic Research Group. Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Cinta Bladé
- Nutrigenomic Research Group. Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Lluís Arola
- Nutrigenomic Research Group. Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, Spain
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Ribas-Latre A, Baselga-Escudero L, Casanova E, Arola-Arnal A, Salvadó MJ, Arola L, Bladé C. Chronic consumption of dietary proanthocyanidins modulates peripheral clocks in healthy and obese rats. J Nutr Biochem 2014; 26:112-9. [PMID: 25459887 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2014.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2014] [Revised: 08/27/2014] [Accepted: 09/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Circadian rhythm plays an important role in maintaining homeostasis, and its disruption increases the risk of developing metabolic syndrome. Circadian rhythm is maintained by a central clock in the hypothalamus that is entrained by light, but circadian clocks are also present in peripheral tissues. These peripheral clocks are trained by other cues, such as diet. The aim of this study was to determine whether proanthocyanidins, the most abundant polyphenols in the human diet, modulate the expression of clock and clock-controlled genes in the liver, gut and mesenteric white adipose tissue (mWAT) in healthy and obese rats. Grape seed proanthocyanidin extracts (GSPEs) were administered for 21 days at 5, 25 or 50 mg GSPE/kg body weight in healthy rats and 25 mg GSPE/kg body weight in rats with diet-induced obesity. In healthy animals, GSPE administration led to the overexpression of core clock genes in a positive dose-dependent manner. Moreover, the acetylated BMAL1 protein ratio increased with the same pattern in the liver and mWAT. With regards to clock-controlled genes, Per2 was also overexpressed, whereas Rev-erbα and RORα were repressed in a negative dose-dependent manner. Diet-induced obesity always resulted in the overexpression of some core clock and clock-related genes, although the particular gene affected was tissue specific. GSPE administration counteracted disturbances in the clock genes in the liver and gut but was less effective in normalizing the clock gene disruption in WAT. In conclusion, proanthocyanidins have the capacity to modulate peripheral molecular clocks in both healthy and obese states.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Ribas-Latre
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, Spain
| | - L Baselga-Escudero
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, Spain
| | - E Casanova
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, Spain
| | - A Arola-Arnal
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, Spain
| | - M J Salvadó
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, Spain
| | - L Arola
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, Spain.
| | - C Bladé
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, Spain
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