The relationship between dietary intakes and plasma concentrations of PUFA in school-age children from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC) cohort

Seafood intake in children at age 7 years and neurodevelopmental outcomes in an observational cohort study (ALSPAC)

PURPOSE

Seafood is rich in other essential nutrients such as long-chain fatty acids, selenium and iodine that play an important role in neurodevelopment and cognitive function. The association between seafood intake in childhood and cognitive outcomes has not been well evidenced. Our aim was to investigate the association between seafood intake in children at age 7 years and cognitive and behavioural outcomes at age 7-9 years.

METHODS

Data on seafood intakes were collected at age 7 years in children enrolled in the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC). Adjusted logistic regression was use to model seafood intake with the odds of suboptimal behavioural scores (Strength and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ)) measured at age 7 and 9 years and cognitive scores (IQ) at age 8 years.

RESULTS

Lower seafood intake at age 7 years (0 vs. ≥ 190 g/week) increased the adjusted odds of suboptimal prosocial behaviour measured by the SDQ at 7 years by 35% (OR 1.35 (95% CI 1.10, 1.81), p = 0.042) and at 9 years by 43% (OR 1.43 (95% CI 1.02, 1.99), p = 0.036). We found no evidence of any associations with IQ at 8 years.

CONCLUSION

In a population in which fish intakes were below national recommendations, our results illustrate the importance of seafood intake in children on behavioural variables, specifically prosocial behaviour. Further research on the association of seafood intake with a wider range of indicators of child neurodevelopment will provide stronger evidence of the role of seafood intake in cognitive development.

Dietary and related data collected during pregnancy in the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC)

The Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC) is a longitudinal birth cohort study based in the south-west of the UK. Pregnant women resident in and around the city of Bristol with expected delivery dates between 1 April 1991 and 31 December 1992 were invited to take part. The initial number of pregnancies enrolled was 14,541. Four questionnaires were sent to women through the post during pregnancy (including a food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) at 32 weeks) for self-completion; excluding withdrawals and exclusions, 11,978 FFQ records are available (April 2024). The main part of the FFQ at 32 weeks comprised questions on the weekly frequency of consumption of 43 food groups and food items. More detailed questions covered a further eight foods/drinks normally consumed daily. The data were used to derive daily nutrient intakes for each participant. Dietary patterns were derived using principal components analysis. Together with the diverse ALSPAC resource containing detailed data on demographics, lifestyle, environment, genetics and health, these data form a unique resource for the study of: (1) maternal diet in pregnancy, fetal/child development and their life course; (2) women's diet and their life course.

Exploration of changes in sensory, physicochemical properties and microbial metabolic activities of grass carp meat with five thermal processing treatments during refrigerated storage

This study aimed to employed the effects of five thermal processing methods, namely steaming (SM), boiling (BO), frying (FY), roasting (RO), and vacuum sealing (SV), on the sensory, physicochemical properties, and microbial composition of grass carp meat during refrigerated storage, alongside unheated raw meat (RW) as control. The results showed that thermal treatment improved the sensory quality and shelf life of refrigerated grass carp meat, and their shelf life was RW < BO Collapse

Key Words

• Correlation analysis
• Grass carp
• Microbial metabolism
• Refrigeration
• Thermal processing

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Affiliation(s)

Lu Zhang National R&D Center for Freshwater Fish Processing, College of Life Sciences, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330022, China School of Health, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330022, China
Yaqin Yu National R&D Center for Freshwater Fish Processing, College of Life Sciences, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330022, China
Chunming Tan School of Health, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330022, China
Shi Nie National R&D Center for Freshwater Fish Processing, College of Life Sciences, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330022, China
Qinghui Wen School of Health, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330022, China
Zongcai Tu National R&D Center for Freshwater Fish Processing, College of Life Sciences, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330022, China School of Health, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330022, China Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, China

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Novel Classification of Cardiovascular Disease Subtypes Reveals Associations Between Mortality and Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids: Insights from the United Kingdom Biobank Study

Background

Traditional association studies of cardiovascular disease (CVD) categorizations and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) yielded conflicting findings. We propose a novel classification system based on fundamental characteristics of cardiovascular patients, such as age, body mass index, waist-hip ratio, to more accurately assess the impact of PUFAs (plasma measures) such as omega (ω)-3 (n-3) and ω-6 on mortality in cardiovascular patients.

Methods

Principal component analysis and k-means clustering were used to determine the CVD subtype. Variables included age, body mass index, waist-hip ratio, diastolic blood pressure, systolic blood pressure, total cholesterol, total triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol, apolipoprotein B:apolipoprotein A1, glycated hemoglobin, creatinine, albumin, C-reactive protein, white blood cell count, platelet count, and hemoglobin concentration. The association of PUFAs with all-cause, cardiovascular, and ischemic heart disease (IHD) mortality in patients with CVD was prospectively evaluated using restricted cubic splines and Cox proportional risk models.

Results

Among the 35,096 participants, 3,786 fatalities occurred. Three distinct CVD subtypes were identified, with cluster 3 characterized by older age, male gender, and low high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol, having the highest risk of mortality. Clusters 2 and 3 had the highest DHA and ω-6/ω-3 ratios, respectively, compared with Cluster 1. The protective effects of total PUFAs, ω-3, and DHA were mainly reflected in all-cause mortality and were more significant in clusters 2 and 3. Furthermore, the ω-6/ω-3 ratio of the highest quartile increased risk of all-cause [Q3: hazard ratio (HR): 1.14, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.00, 1.29; Q4: HR: 1.41, 95% CI: 1.24, 1.61], CVD (Q4: HR: 1.36, 95% CI: 1.07, 1.75), and IHD mortality (Q4: HR: 1.17, 95% CI: 1.12, 2.03) in cluster 3 compared with the first quartile.

Conclusions

Our findings highlight the heterogeneity of associations observed for the same type of PUFAs across distinct clusters. This association may be elucidated by the intricate interplay of various factors, encompassing inflammation, lipid metabolism, and cardiovascular health.

Prospective association between an obesogenic dietary pattern in early adolescence and metabolomics derived and traditional cardiometabolic risk scores in adolescents and young adults from the ALSPAC cohort

BACKGROUND

Dietary intake during early life may be a modifying factor for cardiometabolic risk (CMR). Metabolomic profiling may enable more precise identification of CMR in adolescence than traditional CMR scores. We aim to assess and compare the prospective associations between an obesogenic dietary pattern (DP) score at age 13 years with a novel vs. traditional CMR score in adolescence and young adulthood in the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC).

METHODS

Study participants were ALSPAC children with diet diary data at age 13. The obesogenic DP z-score, characterized by high energy-density, high % of energy from total fat and free sugars, and low fibre density, was previously derived using reduced rank regression. CMR scores were calculated by combining novel metabolites or traditional risk factors (fat mass index, insulin resistance, mean arterial blood pressure, triacylglycerol, HDL and LDL cholesterol) at age 15 (n = 1808), 17 (n = 1629), and 24 years (n = 1760). Multivariable linear regression models estimated associations of DP z-score with log-transformed CMR z-scores.

RESULTS

Compared to the lowest tertile, the highest DP z-score tertile at age 13 was associated with an increase in the metabolomics CMR z-score at age 15 (β = 0.20, 95% CI 0.09, 0.32, p trend < 0.001) and at age 17 (β = 0.22, 95% CI 0.10, 0.34, p trend < 0.001), and with the traditional CMR z-score at age 15 (β = 0.15, 95% CI 0.05, 0.24, p trend 0.020). There was no evidence of an association at age 17 for the traditional CMR z-score (β = 0.07, 95% CI -0.03, 0.16, p trend 0.137) or for both scores at age 24.

CONCLUSIONS

An obesogenic DP was associated with greater CMR in adolescents. Stronger associations were observed with a novel metabolite CMR score compared to traditional risk factors. There may be benefits from modifying diet during adolescence for CMR health, which should be prioritized for further research in trials.

Impact of frozen storage on fatty acid profile in goose meat

The objective of this study was to investigate the changes of the fatty acid in breast (BM) and leg (LM) muscles from 17-wk-old female White Kołuda geese packaged in a vacuum and stored in freezing conditions at −20°C. During 17 weeks, the geese were fed ad libitum on the same complete feed. The samples (18 LM and 18 BM) from the right part of the carcasses were stored for 30, 90, 80, 270, and 365 d. The changes in the fatty acid profile were established by gas chromatography. In this work, there were also calculated lipid profile indicators such as Σ PUFA n−6/Σ PUFA n−3, Σ UFA/Σ SFA, and Σ PUFA/Σ SFA. Time of frozen storage affected the decrease in Σ SFA, Σ MUFA, and Σ PUFA of BM and LM. The statistical analysis of the obtained data shows that the type of muscle also generally affected the fatty acid profile. The BM are characterized higher proportion of Σ SFA, and the LM are defined as containing more Σ MUFA and Σ PUFA. Extending frozen storage time caused only the deterioration of Σ PUFA n−6/Σ PUFA n−3. The Σ PUFA n-6/Σ PUFA n−3 were the highest in BM and LM on the 365th day of storage. Although the Σ PUFA n−6/Σ PUFA n−3 ratio in muscles stored for 180, 270, and 365 d was higher than the recommended values. The lipid profile indicators (Σ UFA/Σ SFA, and Σ PUFA/Σ SFA) were similar in raw meat and in all frozen storage samples. It means that frozen storage didn't affect this index and the BM and LM have the same quality from the dietary point of view. Leg muscles during frozen storage are characterized by higher Σ UFA/Σ SFA and Σ PUFA/Σ SFA than the breast muscles.

Lipidomics in nutrition research

PURPOSE OF REVIEW

This review focuses on the recent findings from lipidomics studies as related to nutrition and health research.

RECENT FINDINGS

Several lipidomics studies have investigated malnutrition, including both under- and overnutrition. Focus has been both on the early-life nutrition as well as on the impact of overfeeding later in life. Multiple studies have investigated the impact of different macronutrients in lipidome on human health, demonstrating that overfeeding with saturated fat is metabolically more harmful than overfeeding with polyunsaturated fat or carbohydrate-rich food. Diet rich in saturated fat increases the lipotoxic lipids, such as ceramides and saturated fatty-acyl-containing triacylglycerols, increasing also the low-density lipoprotein aggregation rate. In contrast, diet rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids, such as n-3 fatty acids, decreases the triacylglycerol levels, although some individuals are poor responders to n-3 supplementation.

SUMMARY

The results highlight the benefits of lipidomics in clinical nutrition research, also providing an opportunity for personalized nutrition. An area of increasing interest is the interplay of diet, gut microbiome, and metabolome, and how they together impact individuals' responses to nutritional challenges.

Metabolic and Metabolomic Insights Regarding the Omega-3 PUFAs Intake in Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus

Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is currently considered an autoimmune disease characterized by the destruction of pancreatic β-cells, insulin deficiency, and dysglycemia. Dietary factors, including omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (ω-3 PUFAs), were reported to influence T1DM. Therefore, a better understanding of the potential role of ω-3 PUFAs in the development and progression of T1DM will help to improve the clinical management of the disease. In this review, we explored the current understanding of molecular mechanisms and signaling pathways induced by ω-3 PUFAs and the beneficial effects of ω-3 PUFAs intake in the prevention and treatment of T1DM, as well as the underlying possible metabolomic (lipidomics) changes.