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Baez AS, Ortiz-Whittingham LR, Tarfa H, Osei Baah F, Thompson K, Baumer Y, Powell-Wiley TM. Social determinants of health, health disparities, and adiposity. Prog Cardiovasc Dis 2023; 78:17-26. [PMID: 37178992 PMCID: PMC10330861 DOI: 10.1016/j.pcad.2023.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2023] [Accepted: 04/29/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Social determinants of health (SDoH), or the socioeconomic, environmental, and psychosocial conditions in which individuals spend their daily lives, substantially influence obesity as a cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factor. The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic highlighted the converging epidemics of obesity, CVD, and social inequities globally. Obesity and CVD serve as independent risk factors for COVID-19 severity and lower-resourced populations most impacted by adverse SDoH have the highest COVID-19 mortality rates. Better understanding the interplay between social and biologic factors that contribute to obesity-related CVD disparities are important to equitably address obesity across populations. Despite efforts to investigate SDoH and their biologic effects as drivers of health disparities, the connections between SDoH and obesity remain incompletely understood. This review aims to highlight the relationships between socioeconomic, environmental, and psychosocial factors and obesity. We also present potential biologic factors that may play a role in the biology of adversity, or link SDoH to adiposity and poor adipo-cardiology outcomes. Finally, we provide evidence for multi-level obesity interventions targeting multiple aspects of SDoH. Throughout, we emphasize areas for future research to tailor health equity-promoting interventions across populations to reduce obesity and obesity-related CVD disparities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew S Baez
- Social Determinants of Obesity and Cardiovascular Risk Laboratory, Cardiovascular Branch, Division of Intramural Research, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bldg 10-CRC, 5-5330, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
| | - Lola R Ortiz-Whittingham
- Social Determinants of Obesity and Cardiovascular Risk Laboratory, Cardiovascular Branch, Division of Intramural Research, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bldg 10-CRC, 5-5330, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
| | - Hannatu Tarfa
- Social Determinants of Obesity and Cardiovascular Risk Laboratory, Cardiovascular Branch, Division of Intramural Research, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bldg 10-CRC, 5-5330, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
| | - Foster Osei Baah
- Social Determinants of Obesity and Cardiovascular Risk Laboratory, Cardiovascular Branch, Division of Intramural Research, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bldg 10-CRC, 5-5330, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
| | - Keitra Thompson
- Social Determinants of Obesity and Cardiovascular Risk Laboratory, Cardiovascular Branch, Division of Intramural Research, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bldg 10-CRC, 5-5330, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
| | - Yvonne Baumer
- Social Determinants of Obesity and Cardiovascular Risk Laboratory, Cardiovascular Branch, Division of Intramural Research, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bldg 10-CRC, 5-5330, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
| | - Tiffany M Powell-Wiley
- Social Determinants of Obesity and Cardiovascular Risk Laboratory, Cardiovascular Branch, Division of Intramural Research, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bldg 10-CRC, 5-5330, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
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Serpas DG, García JJ, Arellano-Morales L. A path model of racial/ethnic discrimination and cardiovascular disease risk factors among college students of color. JOURNAL OF AMERICAN COLLEGE HEALTH : J OF ACH 2022; 70:1926-1930. [PMID: 33151821 DOI: 10.1080/07448481.2020.1841772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2020] [Revised: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 10/18/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
ObjectiveRacial/ethnic minorities experience disproportionately greater risk to cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). This study examined racial/ethnic discrimination-as a psychosocial stressor-in a path model and its associations with CVD health risk factors among undergraduate students of color (SoC). Participants: The sample included 404 SoC whose ages ranged from 18 to 54 (Mage = 21.82, SD = 5.26; 65% female) from a Hispanic Serving Institution in Southern California. Methods: Participants responded to measures assessing the following traditional and non-traditional CVD indicators: depression, anxiety, and body mass index (BMI). A path model was configured with paths corresponding from racial/ethnic discrimination to BMI, depression, and anxiety symptoms, controlling for gender and age. Results: After accounting for covariates, findings revealed greater levels of racial/ethnic discrimination was uniquely associated with greater BMI, depression, and anxiety symptoms. Conclusions: Findings demonstrate racial/ethnic discrimination is associated with CVD health risk factors among SoC. Data highlight the importance and magnitude of adverse psychosocial experiences on CVD health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dylan G Serpas
- Department of Psychology, University of La Verne, La Verne, California, USA
| | - James J García
- Department of Psychology, University of La Verne, La Verne, California, USA
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Miller HN, Perrin N, Thorpe RJ, Evans MK, Zonderman AB, Allen J. The Association Between Perceived Discrimination and BMI Trajectory: A Prospective Study of African American and White Adults. FAMILY & COMMUNITY HEALTH 2022; 45:206-213. [PMID: 35385415 PMCID: PMC9156529 DOI: 10.1097/fch.0000000000000326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Evidence suggests that socioenvironmental stressors, such as discrimination, may serve as determinants of the ongoing obesity epidemic and persisting disparities in obesity prevalence. The objectives of these analyses were to examine whether perceived discrimination was associated with body mass index (BMI) trajectory and whether this relationship differed by race or sex. Data for these analyses came from the Healthy Aging in Neighborhoods of Diversity across the Life Span study, a prospective cohort study in Baltimore City. Mixed-effects linear regression was used in a sample of 1962 African American and white adults to test our hypotheses. We found that race was an effect modifier in the relationship between perceived discrimination and BMI trajectory (B = 0.063, P = .014). Specifically, higher baseline perceived discrimination was associated with positive BMI trajectory in African American adults (B = 0.031, P = .033) but not in white adults (B = -0.032 P = .128). In this longitudinal study of African American and white adults, the relationship between perceived discrimination and BMI trajectory differed by race. Future research should be conducted in diverse samples to understand the risk socioenvironmental stressors pose on the development and progression of overweight and obesity, in addition to how these differ in subgroups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hailey N Miller
- School of Nursing, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina (Dr Miller); School of Nursing (Drs Perrin and Allen) and Bloomberg School of Public Health (Dr Thorpe), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland; and Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland (Drs Evans and Zonderman)
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Letarte L, Samadoulougou S, McKay R, Quesnel-Vallée A, Waygood EOD, Lebel A. Neighborhood deprivation and obesity: Sex-specific effects of cross-sectional, cumulative and residential trajectory indicators. Soc Sci Med 2022; 306:115049. [PMID: 35724583 DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2022.115049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Revised: 04/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is a long-term health issue that is becoming increasingly prevalent. Very few studies have considered the life course effects of neighborhood characteristics on obesity. In a sample of 35,856 adult participants (representative of the population of the Province of Quebec in Canada), we measured the association between neighborhood deprivation and obesity using logistic modelling on indicators of cross-sectional neighborhood deprivation, cumulative neighborhood deprivation and trajectories of neighborhood deprivation. For cross-sectional exposure, we found that females in our sample had higher odds of being affected by obesity when living in high-deprivation (OR 1.73, CI 1.41-2.13) or medium-deprivation neighborhoods (OR 1.27, CI 1.07-1.51) compared to females living in low-deprivation neighborhoods. Males also had higher odds of being affected by obesity when living in medium or high deprivation. For cumulative exposure to neighborhood deprivation, only females in the second highest category for longitudinal exposure to deprived neighborhoods had significantly higher odds of living with obesity (OR 1.89 CI 1.12-3.19) compared to females in the low cumulative exposure category. Using sequence analysis to determine neighborhood deprivation trajectories for up to 17 years, we found that females with a Deprived upward (OR 1.75 CI 1.10-2.78), an Average downward (OR 1.75 CI 1.08-2.84) or a Deprived trajectory (OR 1.81 CI 1.45-2.86) had higher odds of living with obesity compared to the Privileged trajectory. For males, there were no significant associations. Using trajectory indicators was beneficial to our analyses because this method shows that not only are individuals in low socioeconomic status neighborhoods at the end of their trajectory more susceptible to living with obesity, but so are those exposed to neighborhood deprivation at the beginning of their trajectory. These results could help to more precisely identify individuals at higher risk of developing obesity-related health issues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurence Letarte
- Center for Research in Regional Planning and Development (CRAD), Laval University, Quebec, Canada; Evaluation Platform on Obesity Prevention, Quebec Heart and Lung Institute Research Center, Quebec, Canada.
| | - Sekou Samadoulougou
- Center for Research in Regional Planning and Development (CRAD), Laval University, Quebec, Canada; Evaluation Platform on Obesity Prevention, Quebec Heart and Lung Institute Research Center, Quebec, Canada
| | - Rachel McKay
- McGill Observatory on Health and Social Services Reforms, McGill University, Montreal, Canada; Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics, and Occupational Health, McGill University, Canada
| | - Amélie Quesnel-Vallée
- McGill Observatory on Health and Social Services Reforms, McGill University, Montreal, Canada; Department of Sociology, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | | | - Alexandre Lebel
- Center for Research in Regional Planning and Development (CRAD), Laval University, Quebec, Canada; Evaluation Platform on Obesity Prevention, Quebec Heart and Lung Institute Research Center, Quebec, Canada
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Stephens J, Tan A, Miller H, Perkins A. Associations between lifestyle factors and body mass index in African-American community college students. JOURNAL OF AMERICAN COLLEGE HEALTH : J OF ACH 2021; 69:704-709. [PMID: 32672496 DOI: 10.1080/07448481.2019.1706530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2018] [Revised: 12/14/2019] [Accepted: 12/15/2019] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The goal was to examine associations between body mass index (BMI) and lifestyle factors in African American community college students. Methods: Young adults, 18-25, who identified as African American were eligible to participate from 3/17 to 11/17. BMI, body image, discrimination, social roles, emotional and informational support, nutrition knowledge, and physical activity were assessed. Results: Data from 323 students were analyzed. The mean age was 20.1 ± 2.0 years. There were no significant differences between individuals with BMI ≥ 25 and BMI < 25 on social role satisfaction, discrimination, and emotional or informational support. Overweight/obese individuals rated themselves higher on body image than normal weight individuals. The association between ideal body image and BMI sustained after adjusting for various factors. Conclusions: This is a unique population and they have unique needs in weight loss interventions. The strong relationship between body image and BMI suggests that incorporating body image into intervention design may assist in weight loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janna Stephens
- College of Nursing, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Alai Tan
- College of Nursing, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Hailey Miller
- School of Nursing, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Antoinette Perkins
- Sports and Exercise Sciences, Columbus State Community College, Columbus, Ohio, USA
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Social environment perception and associations with overweight in the city of Porto Alegre, Brazil. J Biosoc Sci 2021; 54:888-901. [PMID: 34353380 DOI: 10.1017/s0021932021000419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The prevalence of overweight in Brazilian adults has grown in recent years. There is evidence indicating that environmental factors, especially social characteristics, may be involved in the aetiology of overweight, but few studies have investigated this association adequately. The main objective of this study was to identify residents' perception of their social environment (social cohesion, security and violence) and assess its relationship with overweight in a central area of Porto Alegre, Brazil. The associations between socioeconomic characteristics and social environment perception were also explored. This cross-sectional study conducted in 2018-19 had 400 participants aged from 20 to 70 years living in low- and high-income areas of the city of Porto Alegre. Participants' perception of social cohesion, security and violence were evaluated using a validated questionnaire. Participants' body mass index (BMI) was measured, and those with a BMI ≥25 kg/m2 were considered to be overweight. Unadjusted and adjusted prevalence ratios (PRs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) were estimated through Poisson regression analysis; level of significance was 5%. The prevalence of overweight in the sample was 68.8% (95% CI 64.0-73.2). Individuals with a more positive social cohesion perception had a higher prevalence of overweight (PR 1.06; 95% CI: 1.00-1.12; p=0.02) than those with a less positive perception. Brown individuals also had a higher prevalence of overweight (PR: 1.08; 95% CI: 1.02-1.15; p=0.03) than those of other skin colour/race. No association was found between overweight and perception of security or violence. Therefore, social cohesion may be an important factor in overweight and the findings highlight the importance of considering social factors, and their perceptions, when planning actions for the prevention and control of overweight in a population.
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Lam PH, Chiang JJ, Chen E, Miller GE. Race, socioeconomic status, and low-grade inflammatory biomarkers across the lifecourse: A pooled analysis of seven studies. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2021; 123:104917. [PMID: 33160231 PMCID: PMC7722477 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2020.104917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Revised: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases are patterned by race and socioeconomic status, and chronic low-grade inflammation is proposed as a key underlying mechanism. Theories for how racial and socioeconomic disadvantages foster inflammation emphasize a lifecourse approach: social disadvantages enable chronic or repeated exposure to stressors, unhealthy behaviors, and environmental risks that accumulate across the lifecourse to increase low-grade inflammation. However, single samples rarely include multiple racial and socioeconomic groups that each span a wide age range, precluding examination of this proposition. To address this issue, the current study combined seven studies that measured C-reactive protein and interleukin-6, producing a pooled sample of 1650 individuals aged 11-60 years. We examined (a) whether race and socioeconomic disparities in inflammatory biomarkers vary across the lifecourse, (b) whether adiposity operates as a pathway leading to these disparities, and (c) whether any indirect pathways through adiposity also vary across the lifecourse. Relative to White individuals, Black individuals exhibited higher, whereas Asian individuals exhibited lower, levels of inflammatory biomarkers, and adiposity accounted for these racial differences. Similarly, lower socioeconomic status was associated with higher inflammatory biomarkers via elevated adiposity. Importantly, both racial and socioeconomic disparities, as well as their pathways via adiposity, widened across the lifecourse. This pattern suggests that the impact of social disadvantages compound with age, leading to progressively larger disparities in low-grade inflammation. More broadly, these findings highlight the importance of considering age when examining health disparities and formulating conceptual models that specify how and why disparities may vary across the lifecourse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phoebe H. Lam
- Department of Psychology, Northwestern University, Swift Hall, 2029 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL 60208
| | - Jessica J. Chiang
- Department of Psychology, Georgetown University, 306N White-Gravenor Hall, 37th and O Streets, NW, Washington DC, 20057
| | - Edith Chen
- Department of Psychology, Northwestern University, Swift Hall, 2029 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL 60208,Institute for Policy Research, Northwestern University, 2040 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL 60208
| | - Gregory E. Miller
- Department of Psychology, Northwestern University, Swift Hall, 2029 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL 60208,Institute for Policy Research, Northwestern University, 2040 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL 60208
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LeBrón AMW, Schulz AJ, Mentz G, Reyes AG, Gamboa C, Israel BA, Viruell-Fuentes EA, House JS. Impact of change over time in self-reported discrimination on blood pressure: implications for inequities in cardiovascular risk for a multi-racial urban community. ETHNICITY & HEALTH 2020; 25:323-341. [PMID: 29355028 PMCID: PMC6054822 DOI: 10.1080/13557858.2018.1425378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2017] [Accepted: 12/06/2017] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Objectives: The 21st century has seen a rise in racism and xenophobia in the United States. Few studies have examined the health implications of heightened institutional and interpersonal racism. This study examines changes in reported discrimination and associations with blood pressure over time among non-Latino Blacks (NLBs), Latinos, and non-Latino Whites (NLWs) in an urban area, and variations by nativity among Latinos.Design: Data from a probability sample of NLB, Latino, and NLW Detroit, Michigan residents were collected in 2002-2003, with follow-up at the same addresses in 2007-2008. Surveys were completed at 80% of eligible housing units in 2008 (n = 460). Of those, 219 participants were interviewed at both time points and were thus included in this analysis. Discrimination patterns across racial/ethnic groups and associations with blood pressure were examined using generalized estimating equations.Results: From 2002 to 2008, NLBs and Latinos reported heightened interpersonal and institutional discrimination, respectively, compared with NLWs. There were no differences in associations between interpersonal discrimination and blood pressure. Increased institutional discrimination was associated with stronger increases in systolic and diastolic blood pressure for NLBs than NLWs, with no differences between Latinos and NLWs. Latino immigrants experienced greater increases in blood pressure with increased interpersonal and institutional discrimination compared to US-born Latinos.Conclusions: Together, these findings suggest that NLBs and Latinos experienced heightened discrimination from 2002 to 2008, and that increases in institutional discrimination were more strongly associated with blood pressure elevation among NLBs and Latino immigrants compared to NLWs and US-born Latinos, respectively. These findings suggest recent increases in discrimination experienced by NLBs and Latinos, and that these increases may exacerbate racial/ethnic health inequities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alana M W LeBrón
- Department of Population Health & Disease Prevention & Department of Chicano/Latino Studies, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Amy J Schulz
- Department of Health Behavior and Health Education, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Graciela Mentz
- Department of Health Behavior and Health Education, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Angela G Reyes
- Detroit Hispanic Development Corporation, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Cindy Gamboa
- Detroit Hispanic Development Corporation, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Barbara A Israel
- Department of Health Behavior and Health Education, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Edna A Viruell-Fuentes
- Department of Latina/Latino Studies, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - James S House
- Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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Letarte L, Pomerleau S, Tchernof A, Biertho L, Waygood EOD, Lebel A. Neighbourhood effects on obesity: scoping review of time-varying outcomes and exposures in longitudinal designs. BMJ Open 2020; 10:e034690. [PMID: 32213520 PMCID: PMC7170601 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2019-034690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
CONTEXT AND OBJECTIVES Neighbourhood effect research on obesity took off in the early 2000s and was composed of mostly cross-sectional observational studies interested in various characteristics of the built environment and the socioeconomic environment. To limit biases related to self-selection and life course exposures, many researchers apply longitudinal designs in their studies. Until now, no review has specifically and exclusively examined longitudinal studies and the specific designs of these studies. In this review, we intend to answer the following research question: how are the temporal measurements of contextual exposure and obesity outcomes integrated into longitudinal studies that explore how neighbourhood-level built and socioeconomic environments impact adult obesity? DESIGN A systematic search strategy was designed to address the research question. The search was performed in Embase, Web of Science and PubMed, targeting scientific papers published before 1 January 2018. The eligible studies reported results on adults, included exposure that was limited to neighbourhood characteristics at the submunicipal level, included an outcome limited to obesity proxies, and reported a design with at least two exposure measurements or two outcome measurements. RESULTS This scoping review identified 66 studies that fit the eligibility criteria. A wide variety of neighbourhood characteristics were also measured, making it difficult to draw general conclusions about associations between neighbourhood exposure and obesity. We applied a typology that classified studies by whether exposure and outcome were measured as varying or fixed. Using this typology, we found that 32 studies reported both neighbourhood exposure and obesity outcomes that were varying in time; 28 reported varying outcomes but fixed exposures; and 6 had fixed outcomes and varying exposures. CONCLUSION Our typology illustrates the variety of longitudinal designs that were used in the selected studies. In the light of our results, we make recommendations on how to better report longitudinal designs and facilitate comparisons between studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurence Letarte
- Planning and Development Research Center, Université Laval, Quebec city, Québec, Canada
- Evaluation Platform on Obesity Prevention, Quebec Heart and Lung Research Institute, Quebec city, Québec, Canada
| | - Sonia Pomerleau
- Evaluation Platform on Obesity Prevention, Quebec Heart and Lung Research Institute, Quebec city, Québec, Canada
- School of Nutrition, Université Laval, Quebec city, Québec, Canada
| | - André Tchernof
- School of Nutrition, Université Laval, Quebec city, Québec, Canada
- Quebec Heart and Lung Institute Research Centre, Université Laval, Quebec city, Québec, Canada
| | - Laurent Biertho
- Quebec Heart and Lung Institute Research Centre, Université Laval, Quebec city, Québec, Canada
- Departement of Surgery, Université Laval, Quebec city, Québec, Canada
| | - Edward Owen D Waygood
- Department of Civil, Geological and Mining Engineering, Polytechnique Montreal, Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | - Alexandre Lebel
- Planning and Development Research Center, Université Laval, Quebec city, Québec, Canada
- Evaluation Platform on Obesity Prevention, Quebec Heart and Lung Research Institute, Quebec city, Québec, Canada
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Niyonsenga T, Carroll SJ, Coffee NT, Taylor AW, Daniel M. Are changes in depressive symptoms, general health and residential area socio-economic status associated with trajectories of waist circumference and body mass index? PLoS One 2020; 15:e0227029. [PMID: 31914169 PMCID: PMC6948738 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0227029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2018] [Accepted: 12/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective This study sought to assess whether changes in depressive symptoms, general health, and area-level socio-economic status (SES) were associated to changes over time in waist circumference and body mass index (BMI). Methods A total of 2871 adults (18 years or older), living in Adelaide (South Australia), were observed across three waves of data collection spanning ten years, with clinical measures of waist circumference, height and weight. Participants completed the Centre for Epidemiologic Studies Depression (CES-D) and Short Form 36 health questionnaires (SF-36 general health domain). An area-level SES measure, relative location factor, was derived from hedonic regression models using residential property features but blind to location. Growth curve models with latent variables were fitted to data. Results Waist circumference, BMI and depressive symptoms increased over time. General health and relative location factor decreased. Worsening general health and depressive symptoms predicted worsening waist circumference and BMI trajectories in covariate-adjusted models. Diminishing relative location factor was negatively associated with waist circumference and BMI trajectories in unadjusted models only. Conclusions Worsening depressive symptoms and general health predict increasing adiposity and suggest the development of unhealthful adiposity might be prevented by attention to negative changes in mental health and overall general health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theo Niyonsenga
- Health Research Institute, Faculty of Health, University of Canberra, Canberra, Australia
- * E-mail:
| | - Suzanne J. Carroll
- Health Research Institute, Faculty of Health, University of Canberra, Canberra, Australia
| | - Neil T. Coffee
- Health Research Institute, Faculty of Health, University of Canberra, Canberra, Australia
- School of Architecture and Built Environment, Healthy Cities Research Group, The University of Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Anne W. Taylor
- Discipline of Medicine, The University of Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Mark Daniel
- Health Research Institute, Faculty of Health, University of Canberra, Canberra, Australia
- Department of Medicine, St Vincent’s Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Fitzroy, Australia
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Bombak AE, Colotti T, Riediger ND, Raji D, Eckhart N. Fizzy foibles: examining attitudes toward sugar-sweetened beverages in Michigan. CRITICAL PUBLIC HEALTH 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/09581596.2019.1680804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andrea E. Bombak
- Department of Sociology, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, NB, Canada
| | - Taylor Colotti
- School of Health Sciences, Community Health Division, Central Michigan University, Mt Pleasant, MI, USA
| | - Natalie D. Riediger
- Department of Food and Human Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
- Department of Community Health Sciences, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Dolapo Raji
- School of Health Sciences, Community Health Division, Central Michigan University, Mt Pleasant, MI, USA
| | - Nicholas Eckhart
- College of Communication & Information Sciences, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL, USA
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Abstract
Purpose of review Limited physical activity (PA) and obesity are two primary risk factors for cardiovascular disease (CVD). Within a socio-ecological framework, neighborhood social environment may play a key role in influencing PA and obesity. However, the mechanisms underlying this relationship remain ambiguous. Our goals in this review are: (1) to summarize findings from the recent studies on neighborhood social environment in relation to PA and obesity as CVD risk factors, and (2) to briefly describe several innovative approaches to assessing neighborhood social environment. Recent findings Almost all recent studies assessed neighborhood social environment around residential areas. There were consistent associations between neighborhood social environment and PA and obesity, with some exceptions (indicating null associations or paradoxical associations). However, a focus on residential social environment may limit results because these studies did not account for any exposures occurring away from individuals' homes. Additionally, the majority of studies utilized a cross-sectional design, which limits our ability to make inferences regarding the causality of the association between social environment and PA or obesity as CV risk factors. Summary The majority of the studies on neighborhood social environment characterized factors around residential areas and assessed participant activity via self-reported surveys. Future research should leverage tools to account for the spatial mismatch between environmental exposures and outcomes by using global positioning systems, ecological momentary assessments, virtual neighborhood audits, and simulation modeling. These approaches can overcome major limitations by tracking individuals' daily activity and real-time perceptions of neighborhood social environments linked to CVD events.
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Social stratification and allostatic load: shapes of health differences in the MIDUS study in the United States. J Biosoc Sci 2019; 51:627-644. [PMID: 30688190 DOI: 10.1017/s0021932018000378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Social stratification is an important mechanism of human organization that helps to explain health differences between demographic groups commonly associated with socioeconomic gradients. Individuals, or group of individuals, with similar health profiles may have had different stratification experiences. This is particularly true as social stratification is a significant non-measurable source of systematic unobservable differences in both SES indicators and health statuses of disadvantage. The goal of the present study was to expand the bulk of research that has traditionally treated socioeconomic and demographic characteristics as independent, additive influences on health by examining data from the United States. It is hypothesized that variation in an index of multi-system physiological dysregulation - allostatic load - is associated with social differentiation factors, sorting individuals with similar demographic and socioeconomic characteristics into mutually exclusive econo-demographic classes. The data were from the Longitudinal and Biomarker samples of the national Study of Midlife Development in the US (MIDUS) conducted in 1995 and 2004/2006. Latent class analyses and regression analyses revealed that physiological dysregulation linked to socioeconomic variation among black people, females and older adults are associated with forces of stratification that confound socioeconomic and demographic indicators. In the United States, racial stratification of health is intrinsically related to the degree to which black people in general, and black females in particular, as a group, share an isolated status in society. Findings present evidence that disparities in health emerge from group-differentiation processes to the degree that individuals are distinctly exposed to the ecological, political, social, economic and historical contexts in which social stratification is ingrained. Given that health policies and programmes emanate from said legal and political environments, interventions should target the structural conditions that expose different subgroups to different stress risks in the first place.
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Stephens J, Perkins A. Black Community College Students and Opinions and Beliefs on Weight in the Community: A Focus Group Study. Health (London) 2019. [DOI: 10.4236/health.2019.111007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Li M, Mustillo S, Wang W. Perceived Discrimination, Screen Use, and BMI Among Rural-to-Urban Migrant Children in China: Evidence from a Nutrition Transition Context. J Immigr Minor Health 2018; 21:723-730. [PMID: 30267198 DOI: 10.1007/s10903-018-0822-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Discrimination promotes sedentary behavior and obesity among Western adults. The obesogenic impact of discrimination has yet been examined in developing countries. Participants were 1755 seventh grade rural-to-urban migrant students in the first three waves (2013-2016) of China Education Panel Survey-Junior High Cohort. Latent growth curve models evaluated associations of perceived origin-based discrimination with intercepts and slopes for BMI and screen use trajectories over a 3-year period. Most migrant students came from families of low socioeconomic status. Around 20% of the migrant students reported origin-based discrimination at school. After adjusting for covariates, origin-based discrimination was positively associated with intercepts of TV watching (b = 0.18, p < .001) and internet use (b = 0.24, p < .001), but was not associated with either the intercept or slope of BMI. Perceived discrimination increases screen use for Chinese migrant children, though its contribution to BMI growth is unclear. As the nutrition transition penetrates deeper into lives of all social strata, future studies need to monitor whether perceived discrimination may emerge as an important source of social disparity in obesity in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miao Li
- Department of Sociology, Anthropology & Criminal Justice, Clemson University, Clemson, USA
| | - Sarah Mustillo
- Department of Sociology, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, USA
| | - Weidong Wang
- Department of Sociology, Renmin University of China, 59 Zhongguancun St., Beijing, 100872, People's Republic of China.
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