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Henriksen EH, Frainer A, Poulin R, Knudsen R, Amundsen P. Ectoparasites population dynamics are affected by host body size but not host density or water temperature in a 32‐year long time series. OIKOS 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/oik.09328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Eirik H. Henriksen
- Dept of Arctic and Marine Biology, Faculty of Biosciences, Fisheries and Economics, UiT The Arctic Univ. of Norway Tromsø Norway
| | - André Frainer
- Norwegian Inst. for Nature Research (NINA), Framsenteret Tromsø Norway
| | | | - Rune Knudsen
- Dept of Arctic and Marine Biology, Faculty of Biosciences, Fisheries and Economics, UiT The Arctic Univ. of Norway Tromsø Norway
| | - Per‐Arne Amundsen
- Dept of Arctic and Marine Biology, Faculty of Biosciences, Fisheries and Economics, UiT The Arctic Univ. of Norway Tromsø Norway
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Rochat EC, Paterson RA, Blasco‐Costa I, Power M, Adams CE, Greer R, Knudsen R. Temporal stability of polymorphic Arctic charr parasite communities reflects sustained divergent trophic niches. Ecol Evol 2022; 12:e9460. [PMID: 36349257 PMCID: PMC9636502 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.9460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Revised: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Polymorphic Arctic charr Salvelinus alpinus populations frequently display distinct differences in habitat use, diet, and parasite communities. Changes to the relative species densities and composition of the wider fish community have the potential to alter the habitat niche of sympatric Arctic charr populations. This study evaluated the temporal stability of the parasite community, diet, and stable isotopes (δ13C, δ15N) of three sympatric Arctic charr morphs (piscivore, benthivore, and planktivore) from Loch Rannoch, Scotland, in relation to changes to the fish community. All Arctic charr morphs displayed distinct differences in parasite communities, diet, and stable isotope signatures over time, despite the establishment of four new trophically transmitted parasite taxa, and increased fish and zooplankton consumption by the piscivorous and planktivore morphs, respectively. Native parasite prevalence also increased in all Arctic charr morphs. Overall, Loch Rannoch polymorphic Arctic charr morph populations have maintained their distinct trophic niches and parasite communities through time despite changes in the fish community. This result indicates that re-stocking a native fish species has the potential to induce shifts in the parasite community and diet of Arctic charr morphs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eloïse C. Rochat
- Department of Arctic and Marine BiologyUiT The Arctic University of NorwayTromsøNorway
- Natural History Museum of GenevaGenevaSwitzerland
| | | | - Isabel Blasco‐Costa
- Department of Arctic and Marine BiologyUiT The Arctic University of NorwayTromsøNorway
- Natural History Museum of GenevaGenevaSwitzerland
| | - Michael Power
- Department of BiologyUniversity of WaterlooWaterlooCanada
| | - Colin E. Adams
- Scottish Centre for Ecology & the Natural EnvironmentUniversity of GlasgowGlasgowUK
| | | | - Rune Knudsen
- Department of Arctic and Marine BiologyUiT The Arctic University of NorwayTromsøNorway
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Zeng Y, Xiong Y, Yang C, He N, He J, Luo W, Chen Y, Zeng X, Wu Z. Investigation of Parasitic Infection in Crocodile Lizards ( Shinisaurus crocodilurus) Using High-Throughput Sequencing. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12202726. [PMID: 36290112 PMCID: PMC9597849 DOI: 10.3390/ani12202726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2022] [Revised: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The highly endangered crocodile lizard (Shinisaurus crocodilurus) continues to be impacted by disease, especially in captive breeding populations. In this paper, based on high-throughput sequencing, we investigated parasitic infections in captive and wild crocodile lizard populations in the Daguishan National Nature Reserve and Guangdong Luokeng Shinisaurus crocodilurus National Nature Reserve. The results show that the overall parasitic infection rate in crocodile lizards was 33.33% (23/69). Four parasite genera were detected, including Eimeria, Cryptosporidium, Nematopsis, and Acanthamoeba, with infection rates of 15.94% (11/69), 17.39% (12/69), 7.25% (5/69), and 4.35% (3/69), respectively. Significant differences in the infection rate were found between the different parasite species (χ2 = 8.54, p < 0.05, chi-squared test). The parasitic infection rates in the captive and wild populations were 39.29% (22/56) and 7.69% (1/13), respectively, which were significantly different (p < 0.05, Fisher’s exact test). However, no significant differences in the infection rates of the four parasite genera were found between the captive and wild populations (p > 0.05, Fisher’s exact test). The parasitic infection rates in Daguishan and Luokeng were 34.09% (15/44) and 32.00% (8/25), respectively, which were not significantly different (p > 0.05, Fisher’s exact test). However, significant differences in terms of species were found in the two reserves (p < 0.01, Fisher’s exact test). Only Cryptosporidium infection showed a significant difference between the two regions (p < 0.01, Fisher’s exact test). Our results suggest that captive crocodile lizards are more susceptible to parasitic diseases than wild crocodile lizards and that Cryptosporidium infection varies by geographical region. This study provides basic information about the parasites of endangered crocodile lizards, as well as a reference for disease control and conservation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongru Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Ecology of Rare and Endangered Species and Environmental Protection, Guangxi Normal University, Ministry of Education, Guilin 541004, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Rare and Endangered Animal Ecology, College of Life Science, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541004, China
| | - Yi Xiong
- Key Laboratory of Ecology of Rare and Endangered Species and Environmental Protection, Guangxi Normal University, Ministry of Education, Guilin 541004, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Rare and Endangered Animal Ecology, College of Life Science, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541004, China
| | - Chunsheng Yang
- Daguishan National Nature Reserve for Crocodile Lizards, Hezhou 542824, China
| | - Nan He
- Guangdong Luokeng Shinisaurus crocodilurus National Nature Reserve, Shaoguan 512100, China
| | - Jiasong He
- Daguishan National Nature Reserve for Crocodile Lizards, Hezhou 542824, China
| | - Wenxian Luo
- Daguishan National Nature Reserve for Crocodile Lizards, Hezhou 542824, China
| | - Yaohuan Chen
- Daguishan National Nature Reserve for Crocodile Lizards, Hezhou 542824, China
| | - Xiaochen Zeng
- Daguishan National Nature Reserve for Crocodile Lizards, Hezhou 542824, China
| | - Zhengjun Wu
- Key Laboratory of Ecology of Rare and Endangered Species and Environmental Protection, Guangxi Normal University, Ministry of Education, Guilin 541004, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Rare and Endangered Animal Ecology, College of Life Science, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541004, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-135-1783-6091
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Jithila PJ, Abaunza P, Prasadan PK. Distribution of different species of metacercariae in two freshwater fishes: Haludaria fasciata (Teleostei: Cyprinidae) and Pseudosphromenus cupanus (Teleostei: Osphromenidae). J Parasit Dis 2022; 46:113-123. [PMID: 35299924 PMCID: PMC8901812 DOI: 10.1007/s12639-021-01421-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2021] [Accepted: 07/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Information on the distribution and abundance patterns of trematodes are essential to reveal the ecology of host-parasite interactions. The Western Ghats of India, a biodiversity hotspot, is rich in freshwater fish diversity and endemism. Though there are several studies on various other aspects of fish ecology, studies on their parasitic fauna is meager. The objective of the present study is to explore the distribution and infection patterns of metacercariae of five species of trematodes in the freshwater fishes, Haludaria fasciata and Pseudosphromenus cupanus. The infection parameters were analyzed for each host and CART model was applied to analyze the environmental factors affecting parasite distribution patterns. All species of metacercariae showed an over-dispersed aggregate distributions. The classification tree models indicated that among the environmental factors considered, differences in host locality was the most influential factor in both fishes, followed at a greater distance by the factor seasonality. The parasite communities exhibited temporal and spatial differences in the infection pattern in response to seasonal and locational variations.
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Affiliation(s)
- P. J. Jithila
- Ecological Parasitology and Tropical Biodiversity Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Kannur University, Mananthavady Campus, Wayanad, Kerala 670645 India
| | - P. Abaunza
- Instituto Español de Oceanografía (IEO), C.O. de Santander, Promontorio San Martín s/n, 39004 Santander, Cantabria Spain
| | - P. K. Prasadan
- Ecological Parasitology and Tropical Biodiversity Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Kannur University, Mananthavady Campus, Wayanad, Kerala 670645 India
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Hasegawa R, Koizumi I. Relative importance of host‐dependent versus physical environmental characteristics affecting the distribution of an ectoparasitic copepod infecting the mouth cavity of stream salmonid. Ecol Res 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/1440-1703.12262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ryota Hasegawa
- Graduate School of Environmental Science Hokkaido University Sapporo Japan
| | - Itsuro Koizumi
- Graduate School of Environmental Science Hokkaido University Sapporo Japan
- Faculty of Environmental Earth Science Hokkaido University Sapporo Japan
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Conspecific migration and environmental setting determine parasite infracommunities of non-migratory individual fish. Parasitology 2021; 148:1057-1066. [PMID: 34027845 PMCID: PMC8273861 DOI: 10.1017/s0031182021000780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Parasite infracommunities tend to be stochastic in nature, although environmental characteristics such as the type of water source in streams and host traits can have an effect on the biotic assemblages and by extension the parasite fauna. We examined the effect of water source and the rate of adult fish migration on the metazoan parasite infracommunities of conspecific juvenile brown trout, Salmo trutta L. among streams flowing into Lake Lucerne (Switzerland). Juvenile (1 to 2-year old) fish harboured higher parasite species richness in groundwater-fed than in surface water-fed streams, whereas the rate of fish migration did not affect infracommunity richness. Heteroxenous species were more common in groundwater-fed streams with high and medium rates of trout migration, whereas infracommunities in surface water-fed streams and streams with low rates of fish migration were dominated by one monoxenous parasite or lacked infections. Similarity in the parasite infracommunity composition of juvenile trout across streams was explained by the interaction between type of water source and adult migration rates. Our conclusions support that similarity in the parasite composition of resident freshwater conspecifics can be predicted by the local environmental settings and host migratory behaviour, whereas parasite richness is mainly influenced by the environmental characteristics.
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Brian JI, Ollard IS, Aldridge DC. Don't move a mussel? Parasite and disease risk in conservation action. Conserv Lett 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/conl.12799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Joshua I. Brian
- Aquatic Ecology Group, The David Attenborough Building, Department of Zoology University of Cambridge Cambridge UK
| | - Isobel S. Ollard
- Aquatic Ecology Group, The David Attenborough Building, Department of Zoology University of Cambridge Cambridge UK
| | - David C. Aldridge
- Aquatic Ecology Group, The David Attenborough Building, Department of Zoology University of Cambridge Cambridge UK
- BioRISC St Catharine's College Cambridge UK
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Zemmer SA, Detwiler JT, Sokol ER, Da Silva Neto JG, Wyderko J, Potts K, Gajewski ZJ, Sarment LV, Benfield EF, Belden LK. Spatial scale and structure of complex life cycle trematode parasite communities in streams. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0241973. [PMID: 33232346 PMCID: PMC7685432 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0241973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2019] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
By considering the role of site-level factors and dispersal, metacommunity concepts have advanced our understanding of the processes that structure ecological communities. In dendritic systems, like streams and rivers, these processes may be impacted by network connectivity and unidirectional current. Streams and rivers are central to the dispersal of many pathogens, including parasites with complex, multi-host life cycles. Patterns in parasite distribution and diversity are often driven by host dispersal. We conducted two studies at different spatial scales (within and across stream networks) to investigate the importance of local and regional processes that structure trematode (parasitic flatworms) communities in streams. First, we examined trematode communities in first-intermediate host snails (Elimia proxima) in a survey of Appalachian headwater streams within the Upper New River Basin to assess regional turnover in community structure. We analyzed trematode communities based on both morphotype (visual identification) and haplotype (molecular identification), as cryptic diversity in larval trematodes could mask important community-level variation. Second, we examined communities at multiple sites (headwaters and main stem) within a stream network to assess potential roles of network position and downstream drift. Across stream networks, we found a broad scale spatial pattern in morphotype- and haplotype-defined communities due to regional turnover in the dominant parasite type. This pattern was correlated with elevation, but not with any other environmental factors. Additionally, we found evidence of multiple species within morphotypes, and greater genetic diversity in parasites with hosts limited to in-stream dispersal. Within network parasite prevalence, for at least some parasite taxa, was related to several site-level factors (elevation, snail density and stream depth), and total prevalence decreased from headwaters to main stem. Variation in the distribution and diversity of parasites at the regional scale may reflect differences in the abilities of hosts to disperse across the landscape. Within a stream network, species-environment relationships may counter the effects of downstream dispersal on community structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sally A. Zemmer
- Biological Sciences, Virginia Polytechnic and State Institute, Blacksburg, Virginia, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | | | - Eric R. Sokol
- Biological Sciences, Virginia Polytechnic and State Institute, Blacksburg, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Jeronimo G. Da Silva Neto
- Biological Sciences, Virginia Polytechnic and State Institute, Blacksburg, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Jennie Wyderko
- Biological Sciences, Virginia Polytechnic and State Institute, Blacksburg, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Kevin Potts
- Biological Sciences, Virginia Polytechnic and State Institute, Blacksburg, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Zachary J. Gajewski
- Biological Sciences, Virginia Polytechnic and State Institute, Blacksburg, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Lea V. Sarment
- Biological Sciences, Virginia Polytechnic and State Institute, Blacksburg, Virginia, United States of America
| | - E. F. Benfield
- Biological Sciences, Virginia Polytechnic and State Institute, Blacksburg, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Lisa K. Belden
- Biological Sciences, Virginia Polytechnic and State Institute, Blacksburg, Virginia, United States of America
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