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Braz BA, Hospinal-Santiani M, Martins G, Beirão BCB, Bergamini MF, Marcolino-Junior LH, Soccol CR, Thomaz-Soccol V. Disposable electrochemical platform based on solid-binding peptides and carbon nanomaterials: an alternative device for leishmaniasis detection. Mikrochim Acta 2023; 190:321. [PMID: 37491620 DOI: 10.1007/s00604-023-05891-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/27/2023]
Abstract
Neglected tropical diseases are those caused by infectious agents or parasites and are considered endemic in low-income populations. These diseases also have unacceptable indicators and low investment in research, drug production, and control. Tropical diseases such as leishmaniasis are some of the main causes of morbidity and mortality around the globe. Electrochemical immunosensors are promising tools for diagnostics against these diseases. One such benefit is the possibility of assisting diagnosis in isolated regions, where laboratory infrastructure is lacking. In this work, different peptides were investigated to detect antibodies against Leishmania in human and canine serum samples. The peptides evaluated (395-KKG and 395-G) have the same recognition site but differ on their solid-binding domains, which ensure affinity to spontaneously bind to either graphene oxide (GO) or graphene quantum dots (GQD). Cyclic voltammetry and differential pulse voltammetry were employed to investigate the electrochemical behavior of each assembly step and the role of each solid-binding domain coupled to its anchoring material. The graphene affinity peptide (395-G) showed better reproducibility and selectivity when coupled to GQD. Under the optimized set of experimental conditions, negative and positive human serum samples responses were distinguished based on a cut-off value of 82.5% at a 95% confidence level. The immunosensor showed selective behavior to antibodies against Mycobacterium leprae and Mycobacterium tuberculosis, which are similar antibodies and potentially sources of false positive tests. Therefore, the use of the graphene affinity peptide as a recognition site achieved outstanding performance for the detection of Leishmania antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz A Braz
- Laboratory of Electrochemical Sensors (LabSensE), Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Paraná (UFPR), CEP, CP 19032, Curitiba, PR, 81531-980, Brazil
- Molecular Biology Laboratory, Graduate Program in Bioprocess Engineering and Biotechnology, Federal University of Paraná (UFPR), CEP, Curitiba, PR, 81531-980, Brazil
| | - Manuel Hospinal-Santiani
- Molecular Biology Laboratory, Graduate Program in Bioprocess Engineering and Biotechnology, Federal University of Paraná (UFPR), CEP, Curitiba, PR, 81531-980, Brazil
| | - Gustavo Martins
- Laboratory of Electrochemical Sensors (LabSensE), Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Paraná (UFPR), CEP, CP 19032, Curitiba, PR, 81531-980, Brazil
| | - Breno C B Beirão
- Graduate Program in Microbiology, Parasitology, and Pathology, Federal University of Paraná (UFPR), CEP, Curitiba, PR, 81531-980, Brazil
| | - Márcio F Bergamini
- Laboratory of Electrochemical Sensors (LabSensE), Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Paraná (UFPR), CEP, CP 19032, Curitiba, PR, 81531-980, Brazil.
| | - Luiz H Marcolino-Junior
- Laboratory of Electrochemical Sensors (LabSensE), Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Paraná (UFPR), CEP, CP 19032, Curitiba, PR, 81531-980, Brazil.
| | - Carlos R Soccol
- Molecular Biology Laboratory, Graduate Program in Bioprocess Engineering and Biotechnology, Federal University of Paraná (UFPR), CEP, Curitiba, PR, 81531-980, Brazil
| | - Vanete Thomaz-Soccol
- Molecular Biology Laboratory, Graduate Program in Bioprocess Engineering and Biotechnology, Federal University of Paraná (UFPR), CEP, Curitiba, PR, 81531-980, Brazil
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Varotto-Boccazzi I, Manenti A, Dapporto F, Gourlay LJ, Bisaglia B, Gabrieli P, Forneris F, Faravelli S, Bollati V, Rubolini D, Zuccotti G, Montomoli E, Epis S, Bandi C. Epidemic Preparedness- Leishmania tarentolae as an Easy-to-Handle Tool to Produce Antigens for Viral Diagnosis: Application to COVID-19. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:736530. [PMID: 34966362 PMCID: PMC8710741 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.736530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
To detect and prevent emerging epidemics, discovery platforms are urgently needed, for the rapid development of diagnostic assays. Molecular diagnostic tests for COVID-19 were developed shortly after the isolation of SARS-CoV-2. However, serological tests based on antiviral antibody detection, revealing previous exposure to the virus, required longer testing phases, due to the need to obtain correctly folded and glycosylated antigens. The delay between the identification of a new virus and the development of reliable serodiagnostic tools limits our readiness to tackle future epidemics. We suggest that the protozoan Leishmania tarentolae can be used as an easy-to-handle microfactory for the rapid production of viral antigens to face emerging epidemics. We engineered L. tarentolae to express the SARS-CoV-2 receptor-binding domain (RBD) and we recorded the ability of the purified RBD antigen to detect SARS-CoV-2 infection in human sera, with a sensitivity and reproducibility comparable to that of a reference antigen produced in human cells. This is the first application of an antigen produced in L. tarentolae for the serodiagnosis of a Coronaviridae infection. On the basis of our results, we propose L. tarentolae as an effective system for viral antigen production, even in countries that lack high-technology cell factories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilaria Varotto-Boccazzi
- Department of Biosciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Science “L. Sacco”, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | - Paolo Gabrieli
- Department of Biosciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Federico Forneris
- The Armenise-Harvard Laboratory of Structural Biology, Department of Biology and Biotechnology “L. Spallanzani”, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Silvia Faravelli
- The Armenise-Harvard Laboratory of Structural Biology, Department of Biology and Biotechnology “L. Spallanzani”, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Valentina Bollati
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Diego Rubolini
- Department of Environmental Science and Policy, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
- Water Research Institute—National Research Council of Italy, IRSA−CNR, Brugherio, Italy
| | - Gianvincenzo Zuccotti
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Science “L. Sacco”, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
- Pediatric CRC “Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi”, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Emanuele Montomoli
- VisMederi Research, Siena, Italy
- Department of Molecular and Developmental Medicine, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Sara Epis
- Department of Biosciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
- Pediatric CRC “Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi”, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Claudio Bandi
- Department of Biosciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
- Pediatric CRC “Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi”, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
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