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Arat Çelik HE, Yılmaz S, Akşahin İC, Kök Kendirlioğlu B, Çörekli E, Dal Bekar NE, Çelik ÖF, Yorguner N, Targıtay Öztürk B, İşlekel H, Özerdem A, Akan P, Ceylan D, Tuna G. Oxidatively-induced DNA base damage and base excision repair abnormalities in siblings of individuals with bipolar disorder DNA damage and repair in bipolar disorder. Transl Psychiatry 2024; 14:207. [PMID: 38789433 PMCID: PMC11126633 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-024-02901-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Revised: 04/01/2024] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Previous evidence suggests elevated levels of oxidatively-induced DNA damage, particularly 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OH-dG), and abnormalities in the repair of 8-OH-dG by the base excision repair (BER) in bipolar disorder (BD). However, the genetic disposition of these abnormalities remains unknown. In this study, we aimed to investigate the levels of oxidatively-induced DNA damage and BER mechanisms in individuals with BD and their siblings, as compared to healthy controls (HCs). 46 individuals with BD, 41 siblings of individuals with BD, and 51 HCs were included in the study. Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry was employed to evaluate the levels of 8-OH-dG in urine, which were then normalized based on urine creatinine levels. The real-time-polymerase chain reaction was used to measure the expression levels of 8-oxoguanine DNA glycosylase 1 (OGG1), apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease 1 (APE1), poly ADP-ribose polymerase 1 (PARP1), and DNA polymerase beta (POLβ). The levels of 8-OH-dG were found to be elevated in both individuals with BD and their siblings when compared to the HCs. The OGG1 and APE1 expressions were downregulated, while POLβ expressions were upregulated in both the patient and sibling groups compared to the HCs. Age, smoking status, and the number of depressive episodes had an impact on APE1 expression levels in the patient group while body mass index, smoking status, and past psychiatric history had an impact on 8-OH-dG levels in siblings. Both individuals with BD and unaffected siblings presented similar abnormalities regarding oxidatively-induced DNA damage and BER, suggesting a link between abnormalities in DNA damage/BER mechanisms and familial susceptibility to BD. Our findings suggest that targeting the oxidatively-induced DNA damage and BER pathway could offer promising therapeutic strategies for reducing the risk of age-related diseases and comorbidities in individuals with a genetic predisposition to BD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Selda Yılmaz
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Health Sciences, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - İzel Cemre Akşahin
- Graduate School of Health Sciences, Koc University, Istanbul, Turkey
- Research Center for Translational Medicine (KUTTAM), School of Medicine, Koc University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | | | - Esma Çörekli
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Maltepe University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Nazlı Ecem Dal Bekar
- Chair of Proteomics and Bioanalytics, School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Ömer Faruk Çelik
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Sancaktepe Sehit Prof. Dr. Ilhan Varank Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Neşe Yorguner
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | | | - Hüray İşlekel
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Health Sciences, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Turkey
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Ayşegül Özerdem
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Pınar Akan
- Department of Neuroscience, Institute of Health Sciences, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Turkey
- BioIzmir - Izmir Health Technologies Development and Accelerator Research and Application Center, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Deniz Ceylan
- Research Center for Translational Medicine (KUTTAM), School of Medicine, Koc University, Istanbul, Turkey.
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Koc University, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Gamze Tuna
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Health Sciences, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Turkey
- BioIzmir - Izmir Health Technologies Development and Accelerator Research and Application Center, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Turkey
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Sun W, Wang Z, Wen S, Huang A, Li H, Jiang L, Feng Q, Fan D, Tian Q, Han D, Liu X. Technical strategy for monozygotic twin discrimination by single-nucleotide variants. Int J Legal Med 2024; 138:767-779. [PMID: 38197923 DOI: 10.1007/s00414-023-03150-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2024]
Abstract
Monozygotic (MZ) twins are theoretically genetically identical. Although they are revealed to accumulate mutations after the zygote splits, discriminating between twin genomes remains a formidable challenge in the field of forensic genetics. Single-nucleotide variants (SNVs) are responsible for a substantial portion of genetic variation, thus potentially serving as promising biomarkers for the identification of MZ twins. In this study, we sequenced the whole genome of a pair of female MZ twins when they were 27 and 33 years old to approximately 30 × coverage using peripheral blood on an Illumina NovaSeq 6000 Sequencing System. Potentially discordant SNVs supported by whole-genome sequencing were validated extensively by amplicon-based targeted deep sequencing and Sanger sequencing. In total, we found nine bona fide post-twinning SNVs, all of which were identified in the younger genomes and found in the older genomes. None of the SNVs occurred within coding exons, three of which were observed in introns, supported by whole-exome sequencing results. A double-blind test was employed, and the reliability of MZ twin discrimination by discordant SNVs was endorsed. All SNVs were successfully detected when input DNA amounts decreased to 0.25 ng, and reliable detection was limited to seven SNVs below 0.075 ng input. This comprehensive analysis confirms that SNVs could serve as cost-effective biomarkers for MZ twin discrimination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weifen Sun
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine, Shanghai Forensic Service Platform, Academy of Forensic Science, Ministry of Justice, Shanghai, 200063, China
- Shanghai Institute of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, National Research Center for Translational Medicine at Shanghai, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Ziwei Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine, Shanghai Forensic Service Platform, Academy of Forensic Science, Ministry of Justice, Shanghai, 200063, China
- Department of Forensic Science, Medical School of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Shubo Wen
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine, Shanghai Forensic Service Platform, Academy of Forensic Science, Ministry of Justice, Shanghai, 200063, China
- Department of Forensic Science, Medical School of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Ao Huang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine, Shanghai Forensic Service Platform, Academy of Forensic Science, Ministry of Justice, Shanghai, 200063, China
- Department of Forensic Science, Medical School of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Hui Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine, Shanghai Forensic Service Platform, Academy of Forensic Science, Ministry of Justice, Shanghai, 200063, China
| | - Lei Jiang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine, Shanghai Forensic Service Platform, Academy of Forensic Science, Ministry of Justice, Shanghai, 200063, China
| | - Qi Feng
- National Center for Gene Research, State Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, Center of Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Danlin Fan
- National Center for Gene Research, State Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, Center of Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Qilin Tian
- National Center for Gene Research, State Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, Center of Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Dingding Han
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shanghai Children's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200062, China
| | - Xiling Liu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine, Shanghai Forensic Service Platform, Academy of Forensic Science, Ministry of Justice, Shanghai, 200063, China.
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Sperling JD, Frikke-Schmidt R, Scheike T, Kessing LV, Miskowiak K, Vinberg M. APOE Genotype, ApoE Plasma Levels, Lipid Metabolism, and Cognition in Monozygotic Twins with, at Risk of, and without Affective Disorders. J Clin Med 2024; 13:2361. [PMID: 38673634 PMCID: PMC11051543 DOI: 10.3390/jcm13082361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2024] [Revised: 04/01/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: Lipids influence brain function and mental health. Understanding the role of apolipoproteins in affective disorders could provide valuable insights and potentially pave the way for novel therapeutic approaches. Methods: We examined the apolipoprotein E genotype and ApoE-levels, lipid profiles, and the correlation with cognition in 204 monozygotic (MZ) twins with unipolar or bipolar disorder in remission or partial remission (affected, AT), their unaffected co-twins (high-risk, HR), and twins with no personal or family history of affective disorder (low-risk, LR). Results: The APOE genotype was not associated with affective disorders. No significant group differences in ApoE levels were found between the three risk groups. Post hoc analysis group-wise comparisons showed higher ApoE levels in the AT than HR twins and in the concordant AT twin pairs relative to the discordant twin pairs. Within the discordant twin pairs, higher ApoE levels were observed in the affected twins (AT = 39.4 mg/L vs. HR = 36.8 mg/L, p = 0.037). Limitations: The present study could benefit from a larger sample size. We did not assess dietary habits. Conclusions: The results did not support our main hypothesis. However, exploratory post hoc analysis suggests a role for plasma ApoE and triglycerides in affective disorders. Future research is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jon Dyg Sperling
- The Early Multimodular Prevention and Intervention Research Institution (EMPIRI), Mental Health Centre, Northern Zealand, Copenhagen University Hospital—Mental Health Services CPH, 3400 North Zealand, Denmark;
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark (L.V.K.)
| | - Ruth Frikke-Schmidt
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark (L.V.K.)
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Thomas Scheike
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Copenhagen, 1353 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lars Vedel Kessing
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark (L.V.K.)
- Copenhagen Affective Disorders Research Centre (CADIC), Psychiatric Center Copenhagen, 2000 Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Kamilla Miskowiak
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark (L.V.K.)
- Copenhagen Affective Disorders Research Centre (CADIC), Psychiatric Center Copenhagen, 2000 Frederiksberg, Denmark
- Neurocognition and Emotion in Affective Disorders (NEAD) Centre, Department of Psychology, University of Copenhagen, and Mental Health Services, Capital Region of Denmark, 2000 Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Maj Vinberg
- The Early Multimodular Prevention and Intervention Research Institution (EMPIRI), Mental Health Centre, Northern Zealand, Copenhagen University Hospital—Mental Health Services CPH, 3400 North Zealand, Denmark;
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark (L.V.K.)
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Vinberg M, McIntyre RS, Giraldi A, Coello K. Struggling Can Also Show on the Inside: Current Knowledge of the Impact of Childhood Maltreatment on Biomarkers in Mood Disorders. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat 2024; 20:583-595. [PMID: 38496323 PMCID: PMC10944138 DOI: 10.2147/ndt.s383322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2023] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024] Open
Abstract
The link between childhood maltreatment and mood disorders is complex and involves multiple bio-psycho-social factors that affect multiple molecular pathways. The present narrative review aims to clarify the current understanding of the impact of childhood maltreatment on biomarkers in patients with mood disorders and their first-degree relatives. Neurotransmitters, such as serotonin, dopamine, norepinephrine, and hormones (eg the stress hormone cortisol), play a crucial role in regulating mood and emotion. Childhood maltreatment can alter and affect the levels and functioning of these neurotransmitters in the brain; further, childhood maltreatment can lead to structural and connectivity changes in the brain, hence contributing to the development of mood disorders and moderating illness presentation and modifying response to treatments. Childhood maltreatment information, therefore, appears mandatory in treatment planning and is a critical factor in therapeutic algorithms. Further research is needed to fully understand these pathways and develop new treatment modalities for individuals with mood disorders who have experienced childhood maltreatment and effective preventive interventions for individuals at risk of developing mood disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maj Vinberg
- Mental Health Centre Northern Zealand, the Early Multimodular Prevention, and Intervention Research Institution (EMPIRI) – Mental Health Services CPH, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Roger S McIntyre
- Mood Disorders Psychopharmacology Unit, Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Annamaria Giraldi
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Sexological Clinic, Mental Health Center Copenhagen, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Klara Coello
- Copenhagen Affective Disorder Research Centre (CADIC), Psychiatric Centre Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
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Munkholm K, Jacoby AS, Vinberg M, Kessing LV. Ferritin as a potential disease marker in patients with bipolar disorder. J Affect Disord 2023; 332:247-253. [PMID: 37037316 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2023.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Low-grade inflammation and oxidative stress have been implicated as potential pathophysiological processes in bipolar disorder, but the underlying mechanism is unknown. Ferritin is a marker of iron stores and involved in redox processes and inflammation but its role in bipolar disorder is unclear. METHODS We investigated the possible association of increased plasma ferritin levels and bipolar disorder. We pooled two studies using similar longitudinal repeated measures designs and included 330 blood- and urinary samples from 95 patients with bipolar disorder across all affective states and 84 samples from 84 healthy control individuals. Plasma ferritin was measured along with multiple blood inflammatory markers and urinary markers of oxidatively generated damage to DNA and RNA. RESULTS Plasma ferritin levels, adjusting for multiple demographical- and lifestyle variables, did not differ between patients with bipolar disorder compared with healthy control individuals (b = 1.09, 95 % CI: 0.86 to 1.39, p = 0.49). Within patients with bipolar disorder ferritin levels were higher in a depressed state compared with euthymia (b = 1.12, 95 % CI: 1.01 to 1.24, p < 0.04), and ferritin levels were positively associated with Interleukin-18 blood levels and urinary levels of 8-oxodG. LIMITATIONS Patients with bipolar disorder received medication which could potentially influence iron metabolism. CONCLUSION Elevated ferritin levels in depressed patients with bipolar disorder may point to a role for iron metabolism in bipolar disorder pathophysiology, and potentially as a biomarker, linking low-grade inflammation with redox biology and the well-known increased risk of medical comorbidity and reduced life expectancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klaus Munkholm
- Copenhagen Affective Disorder Research Centre (CADIC), Psychiatric Centre Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark; Mental Health Centre Copenhagen, Copenhagen University Hospital - Mental Health Services CPH, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Anne Sophie Jacoby
- Child and youth Mental Health Centre, Capital Region of Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Maj Vinberg
- Copenhagen Affective Disorder Research Centre (CADIC), Psychiatric Centre Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark; Dept of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; Mental Health Centre Northern Zealand, The Early Multimodular Prevention and Intervention Research Institution (EMPIRI) - Mental Health Services CPH, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lars Vedel Kessing
- Copenhagen Affective Disorder Research Centre (CADIC), Psychiatric Centre Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark; Mental Health Centre Copenhagen, Copenhagen University Hospital - Mental Health Services CPH, Copenhagen, Denmark; Dept of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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6
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Miskowiak KW, Seeberg I, Jensen MB, Balanzá‐Martínez V, del Mar Bonnin C, Bowie CR, Carvalho AF, Dols A, Douglas K, Gallagher P, Hasler G, Lafer B, Lewandowski KE, López‐Jaramillo C, Martinez‐Aran A, McIntyre RS, Porter RJ, Purdon SE, Schaffer A, Stokes P, Sumiyoshi T, Torres IJ, Van Rheenen TE, Yatham LN, Young AH, Kessing LV, Burdick KE, Vieta E. Randomised controlled cognition trials in remitted patients with mood disorders published between 2015 and 2021: A systematic review by the International Society for Bipolar Disorders Targeting Cognition Task Force. Bipolar Disord 2022; 24:354-374. [PMID: 35174594 PMCID: PMC9541874 DOI: 10.1111/bdi.13193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cognitive impairments are an emerging treatment target in mood disorders, but currently there are no evidence-based pro-cognitive treatments indicated for patients in remission. With this systematic review of randomised controlled trials (RCTs), the International Society for Bipolar Disorders (ISBD) Targeting Cognition Task force provides an update of the most promising treatments and methodological recommendations. METHODS The review included RCTs of candidate pro-cognitive interventions in fully or partially remitted patients with major depressive disorder or bipolar disorder. We followed the procedures of the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) 2020 statement. Searches were conducted on PubMed/MEDLINE, PsycInfo, EMBASE and Cochrane Library from January 2015, when two prior systematic reviews were conducted, until February 2021. Two independent authors reviewed the studies with the Revised Cochrane Collaboration's Risk of Bias tool for Randomised trials. RESULTS We identified 16 RCTs (N = 859) investigating cognitive remediation (CR; k = 6; N = 311), direct current or repetitive magnetic stimulation (k = 3; N = 127), or pharmacological interventions (k = 7; N = 421). CR showed most consistent cognitive benefits, with two trials showing improvements on primary outcomes. Neuromodulatory interventions revealed no clear efficacy. Among pharmacological interventions, modafinil and lurasidone showed early positive results. Sources of bias included small samples, lack of pre-screening for objective cognitive impairment, no primary outcome and no information on allocation sequence masking. CONCLUSIONS Evidence for pro-cognitive treatments in mood disorders is emerging. Recommendations are to increase sample sizes, pre-screen for impairment in targeted domain(s), select one primary outcome, aid transfer to real-world functioning, investigate multimodal interventions and include neuroimaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamilla W. Miskowiak
- Copenhagen Affective Disorder Research Centre (CADIC)Psychiatric Centre CopenhagenCopenhagen University HospitalCopenhagenDenmark,Department of PsychologyUniversity of CopenhagenCopenhagenDenmark
| | - Ida Seeberg
- Copenhagen Affective Disorder Research Centre (CADIC)Psychiatric Centre CopenhagenCopenhagen University HospitalCopenhagenDenmark,Department of PsychologyUniversity of CopenhagenCopenhagenDenmark
| | - Mette B. Jensen
- Copenhagen Affective Disorder Research Centre (CADIC)Psychiatric Centre CopenhagenCopenhagen University HospitalCopenhagenDenmark
| | - Vicent Balanzá‐Martínez
- Teaching Unit of Psychiatry and Psychological MedicineDepartment of MedicineUniversity of ValenciaCIBERSAMValenciaSpain
| | - Caterina del Mar Bonnin
- Clinical Institute of NeuroscienceHospital ClinicUniversity of BarcelonaIDIBAPSCIBERSAMBarcelonaSpain
| | | | - Andre F. Carvalho
- IMPACT Strategic Research Centre (Innovation in Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Treatment)Deakin UniversityGeelongVic.Australia
| | - Annemieke Dols
- Department of Old Age PsychiatryGGZ in GeestAmsterdam UMC, Location VUmcAmsterdam NeuroscienceAmsterdam Public Health Research InstituteAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Katie Douglas
- Department of Psychological MedicineUniversity of OtagoChristchurchNew Zealand
| | - Peter Gallagher
- Translational and Clinical Research InstituteFaculty of Medical SciencesNewcastle UniversityNewcastle‐upon‐TyneUK
| | - Gregor Hasler
- Psychiatry Research UnitUniversity of FribourgFribourgSwitzerland
| | - Beny Lafer
- Bipolar Disorder Research ProgramInstitute of PsychiatryHospital das ClinicasFaculdade de MedicinaUniversidade de São PauloSão PauloSPBrazil
| | - Kathryn E. Lewandowski
- McLean HospitalSchizophrenia and Bipolar Disorder ProgramBelmontMassachusettsUSA,Department of PsychiatryHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Carlos López‐Jaramillo
- Research Group in PsychiatryDepartment of PsychiatryUniversidad de AntioquiaMedellínColombia
| | - Anabel Martinez‐Aran
- Clinical Institute of NeuroscienceHospital ClinicUniversity of BarcelonaIDIBAPSCIBERSAMBarcelonaSpain
| | - Roger S. McIntyre
- Mood Disorders Psychopharmacology Unit, Brain and Cognition Discovery FoundationUniversity of TorontoTorontoCanada
| | - Richard J. Porter
- Department of Psychological MedicineUniversity of OtagoChristchurchNew Zealand
| | - Scot E. Purdon
- Department of PsychiatryUniversity of AlbertaEdmontonCanada
| | | | - Paul Stokes
- Department of Psychological MedicineInstitute of Psychiatry, Psychology and NeuroscienceKing’s College LondonLondonUK
| | - Tomiki Sumiyoshi
- Department of Preventive Intervention for Psychiatric DisordersNational Institute of Mental HealthNational Center of Neurology and PsychiatryTokyoJapan
| | - Ivan J. Torres
- Department of PsychiatryUniversity of British ColumbiaVancouverCanada
| | - Tamsyn E. Van Rheenen
- Melbourne Neuropsychiatry CentreDepartment of PsychiatryUniversity of MelbourneCarltonAustralia,Centre for Mental HealthFaculty of Health, Arts and DesignSwinburne UniversityAustralia
| | - Lakshmi N. Yatham
- Department of PsychiatryUniversity of British ColumbiaVancouverCanada
| | - Allan H. Young
- Department of Psychological MedicineInstitute of Psychiatry, Psychology and NeuroscienceKing’s College LondonLondonUK
| | - Lars V. Kessing
- Copenhagen Affective Disorder Research Centre (CADIC)Psychiatric Centre CopenhagenCopenhagen University HospitalCopenhagenDenmark,Department of Clinical MedicineUniversity of CopenhagenCopenhagenDenmark
| | - Katherine E. Burdick
- Department of PsychiatryHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA,Department of PsychiatryBrigham and Women’s HospitalBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Eduard Vieta
- Clinical Institute of NeuroscienceHospital ClinicUniversity of BarcelonaIDIBAPSCIBERSAMBarcelonaSpain
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Eriksen JKD, Coello K, Stanislaus S, Kjærstad HL, Sletved KSO, McIntyre RS, Faurholt-Jepsen M, Miskowiak KK, Poulsen HE, Kessing LV, Vinberg M. Associations between childhood maltreatment and oxidative nucleoside damage in affective disorders. Eur Psychiatry 2022; 65:e46. [PMID: 35950327 PMCID: PMC9486829 DOI: 10.1192/j.eurpsy.2022.2300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Childhood maltreatment is an established risk factor for incident unipolar disorder and bipolar disorder. It is separately observed that affective disorders (AD) are also associated with higher nucleoside damage by oxidation. Childhood maltreatment may induce higher levels of nucleoside damage by oxidation and thus contribute to the development of AD; however, this relation is only sparsely investigated. Methods In total, 860 participants (468 patients with AD, 151 unaffected first-degree relatives, and 241 healthy control persons) completed the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ). The association between CTQ scores and markers of systemic DNA and RNA damage by oxidation as measured by urinary excretion of 8-oxo-7,8-dihydro-2′-deoxyguanosine (8-oxodG) and 8-oxo-7,8-dihydroguanosine (8-oxoGuo) levels, respectively, was investigated. Results In multiple regression models adjusted for sex- and age, 8-oxodG and 8-oxoGuo levels were found to be higher in individuals who had experienced more childhood maltreatment. These associations persisted in models additionally adjusted for body mass index, alcohol, and current smoking status. Emotional abuse, sexual abuse, and emotional neglect were principally responsible for the foregoing associations. Conclusions Our findings of an association between childhood maltreatment and oxidative stress markers suggest that childhood maltreatment overall, notably emotional abuse and emotional neglect, is associated with enhanced systemic damage to DNA and RNA in adulthood. Further, individuals with AD reported a higher prevalence of childhood maltreatment, which may induce higher levels of nucleoside damage by oxidation in adulthood, possibly leading to increased risk of developing AD. Longitudinal studies are needed to clarify this relationship further.
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Affective disorders impact prevalence of Flavonifractor and abundance of Christensenellaceae in gut microbiota. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2021; 110:110300. [PMID: 33713734 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2021.110300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Revised: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Background Affective disorders (AD) have been associated with a higher prevalence of the gut Flavonifractor genus and a lower abundance of the gut Christensenellaceae family. Objective and methods By pooling two independent study samples of patients with AD (n = 176), their unaffected first-degree relatives (n = 70) and healthy controls (n = 101) we aimed to replicate and extend our prior findings of differential Flavonifractor prevalence and Christensenellaceae abundance when comparing patients with AD and healthy controls. The gut microbiota was profiled using 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing. Results The pattern of higher prevalence of Flavonifractor and lower Centered Log-Ratio (CLR) abundance of Christensenellaceae was associated with AD. In generalized linear models the CLR abundance of Christensenellaceae was lower in patients with AD (p = 0.024), and in smokers (p = 1.9*10-4), and inversely associated with increasing waist circumference (p = 0.031). The prevalence of Flavonifractor was higher in patients with AD (p = 0.033) and in smokers (p = 0.036). No impact of psychotropic medication was found. The CLR abundance of Christensenellaceae (p = 0.041), but not the prevalence of Flavonifractor (p = 0.20) could distinguish non-smoking patients with AD from non-smoking healthy controls, whereas no such associations were found in smokers. Unaffected relatives neither differed from patients with AD nor from healthy controls. Conclusion Compared with findings in healthy controls, AD was associated with a significantly lower CLR abundance of the health-linked Christensenellaceae and a significantly higher prevalence of Flavonifractor; findings that are associated with enhanced oxidative stress and systemic low-grade inflammation. If our observations are validated in future independent studies, they support the notion that parts of aberrant gut microbiota are shared by AD and states of dysmetabolism.
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9
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Coello K, Bøgh HL, Stanislaus S, Kjærstad HL, Melbye SA, Ormstrup Sletved KS, Poulsen HE, Vinberg M, Kessing LV. Higher systemic oxidatively generated DNA and RNA damage in patients with newly diagnosed bipolar disorder and their unaffected first-degree relatives. Free Radic Biol Med 2021; 168:226-233. [PMID: 33798615 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2021.03.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Revised: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prior studies in bipolar disorders (BD) have suggested that oxidative stress and cellular ageing play a key role in the pathophysiology of BD. Nevertheless, oxidative stress has not been investigated in patients with newly diagnosed BD and in their unaffected first-degree relatives (UR), compared with healthy control individuals (HC). METHODS We investigated the level of systemic oxidative damage to DNA and RNA measured by urinary excretion of 8-oxo-7,8-dihydro-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-oxodG) and 8-oxo-7,8-dihydroguanosine (8-oxoGuo) levels, respectively, in 360 patients with newly diagnosed BD, 92 of their UR and 197 HC. RESULTS Independent of lifestyle and demographic variables, levels of both 8-oxoGuo and 8-oxodG was 17.1% (B = 1.171, 95%CI = 1.125-1.219, p < 0.001) and 21.2% (B = 1.212, 95%CI = 1.145-1.283, p < 0.001) higher, respectively, in patients with BD compared with HC and 13.3% (B = 1.133, 95%CI = 1.069-1.200, p < 0.001) and 26.6% (B = 1.266, 95%CI = 1.167-1.374, p < 0.001) higher, respectively, in UR compared with HC. Neither 8-oxoGuo nor 8-oxodG levels differed between patients with BD and UR. These findings were replicated in patients in full or partial remission and were consistent both in BD type I and II. CONCLUSION Overall, the findings of higher oxidative stress in patients with newly diagnosed BD and their UR suggest that systemic nucleoside damage by oxidative stress is present prior to onset and in the early stages of BD thereby potentially representing trait markers of BD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klara Coello
- Copenhagen Affective Disorders Research Centre (CADIC), Psychiatric Center Copenhagen, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Helena Lykke Bøgh
- Copenhagen Affective Disorders Research Centre (CADIC), Psychiatric Center Copenhagen, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark; Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Sharleny Stanislaus
- Copenhagen Affective Disorders Research Centre (CADIC), Psychiatric Center Copenhagen, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Hanne Lie Kjærstad
- Copenhagen Affective Disorders Research Centre (CADIC), Psychiatric Center Copenhagen, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Sigurd A Melbye
- Copenhagen Affective Disorders Research Centre (CADIC), Psychiatric Center Copenhagen, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kimie Stefanie Ormstrup Sletved
- Copenhagen Affective Disorders Research Centre (CADIC), Psychiatric Center Copenhagen, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark; Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Henrik Enghusen Poulsen
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Copenhagen University Hospital Bispebjerg Frederiksberg, Denmark; Research Unit, Nordsjaellands Hospital Hilleroed, Denmark
| | - Maj Vinberg
- Copenhagen Affective Disorders Research Centre (CADIC), Psychiatric Center Copenhagen, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark; Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark; Psychiatric Research Unit, Psychiatric Centre North Zealand, Copenhagen University Hospital, Hillerød, Denmark
| | - Lars Vedel Kessing
- Copenhagen Affective Disorders Research Centre (CADIC), Psychiatric Center Copenhagen, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark; Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
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Bipolar disorder: An evolutionary psychoneuroimmunological approach. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2021; 122:28-37. [PMID: 33421542 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2020.12.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Revised: 12/19/2020] [Accepted: 12/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Bipolar disorder is a mental health disorder characterized by extreme shifts in mood, high suicide rate, sleep problems, and dysfunction of psychological traits like self-esteem (feeling inferior when depressed and superior when manic). Bipolar disorder is rare among populations that have not adopted contemporary Western lifestyles, which supports the hypothesis that bipolar disorder results from a mismatch between Homo sapiens's evolutionary and current environments. Recent studies have connected bipolar disorder with low-grade inflammation, the malfunctioning of the internal clock, and the resulting sleep disturbances. Stress is often a triggering factor for mania and sleep problems, but stress also causes low-grade inflammation. Since inflammation desynchronizes the internal clock, chronic stress and inflammation are the primary biological mechanisms behind bipolar disorder. Chronic stress and inflammation are driven by contemporary Western lifestyles, including stressful social environments, unhealthy dietary patterns, limited physical activity, and obesity. The treatment of bipolar disorder should focus on reducing stress, stress sensitivity, and inflammation by lifestyle changes rather than just temporarily alleviating symptoms with psychopharmacological interventions.
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11
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Anderson G, Maes M. Gut Dysbiosis Dysregulates Central and Systemic Homeostasis via Suboptimal Mitochondrial Function: Assessment, Treatment and Classification Implications. Curr Top Med Chem 2020; 20:524-539. [DOI: 10.2174/1568026620666200131094445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2019] [Revised: 12/11/2019] [Accepted: 12/12/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
:
The gut and mitochondria have emerged as two important hubs at the cutting edge of research
across a diverse array of medical conditions, including most psychiatric conditions. This article highlights
the interaction of the gut and mitochondria over the course of development, with an emphasis on
the consequences for transdiagnostic processes across psychiatry, but with relevance to wider medical
conditions. As well as raised levels of circulating lipopolysaccharide (LPS) arising from increased gut
permeability, the loss of the short-chain fatty acid, butyrate, is an important mediator of how gut dysbiosis
modulates mitochondrial function. Reactive cells, central glia and systemic immune cells are also
modulated by the gut, in part via impacts on mitochondrial function in these cells. Gut-driven alterations
in the activity of reactive cells over the course of development are proposed to be an important determinant
of the transdiagnostic influence of glia and the immune system. Stress, including prenatal stress,
also acts via the gut. The suppression of butyrate, coupled to raised LPS, drives oxidative and nitrosative
stress signalling that culminates in the activation of acidic sphingomyelinase-induced ceramide. Raised
ceramide levels negatively regulate mitochondrial function, both directly and via its negative impact on
daytime, arousal-promoting orexin and night-time sleep-promoting pineal gland-derived melatonin.
Both orexin and melatonin positively regulate mitochondria oxidative phosphorylation. Consequently,
gut-mediated increases in ceramide have impacts on the circadian rhythm and the circadian regulation of
mitochondrial function. Butyrate, orexin and melatonin can positively regulate mitochondria via the disinhibition
of the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex, leading to increased conversion of pyruvate to acetyl-
CoA. Acetyl-CoA is a necessary co-substrate for the initiation of the melatonergic pathway in mitochondria
and therefore the beneficial effects of mitochondria melatonin synthesis on mitochondrial function.
This has a number of treatment implications across psychiatric and wider medical conditions, including
the utilization of sodium butyrate and melatonin.
:
Overall, gut dysbiosis and increased gut permeability have significant impacts on central and systemic
homeostasis via the regulation of mitochondrial function, especially in central glia and systemic immune
cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- George Anderson
- CRC Scotland & London, Eccleston Square, London, United Kingdom
| | - Michael Maes
- Department of Psychiatry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
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12
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Vinberg M. Searching for the Needles in a Haystack; Is It Needless? The Search for Peripheral Biomarkers in Psychiatry. Front Psychiatry 2020; 11:689. [PMID: 32765323 PMCID: PMC7378319 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2020.00689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Maj Vinberg
- Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Psychiatric Research Unit, Psychiatric Centre North Zealand, University Hospital of Copenhagen, Hillerød, Denmark
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