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Chen Z, Ou Y, Liu F, Li H, Li P, Xie G, Cui X, Guo W. Increased brain nucleus accumbens functional connectivity in melancholic depression. Neuropharmacology 2024; 243:109798. [PMID: 37995807 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2023.109798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2023] [Revised: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Melancholic depression, marked by typical symptoms of anhedonia, is regarded as a homogeneous subtype of major depressive disorder (MDD). However, little attention was paid to underlying mechanisms of melancholic depression. This study aims to examine functional connectivity of the reward circuit associated with anhedonia symptoms in melancholic depression. METHODS Fifty-nine patients with first-episode drug- naive MDD, including 31 melancholic patients and 28 non-melancholic patients, were recruited and underwent resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI). Thirty-two healthy volunteers were recruited as controls. Bilateral nucleus accumbens (NAc) were selected as seed points to form functional NAc network. Then support vector machine (SVM) was used to distinguish melancholic patients from non-melancholic patients. RESULTS Relative to non-melancholic patients, melancholic patients displayed increased functional connectivity (FC) between bilateral NAc and right middle frontal gyrus (MFG) and between right NAc and left cerebellum lobule VIII. Compared to healthy controls, melancholic patients showed increased FC between right NAc and right lingual gyrus and between left NAc and left postcentral gyrus; non-melancholic patients had increased FC between bilateral NAc and right lingual gyrus. No significant correlations were observed between altered FC and clinical variables in melancholic patients. SVM results showed that FC between left NAc and right MFG could accurately distinguish melancholic patients from non-melancholic patients. CONCLUSION Melancholic depression exhibited different patterns of functional connectivity of the reward circuit relative to non-melancholic patients. This study highlights the significance of the reward circuit in the neuropathology of melancholic depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaobin Chen
- Department of Psychiatry, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, and National Center for Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Yangpan Ou
- Department of Psychiatry, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, and National Center for Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Feng Liu
- Department of Radiology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300000, China
| | - Huabing Li
- Department of Radiology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Ping Li
- Department of Psychiatry, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, Heilongjiang 161006, China
| | - Guangrong Xie
- Department of Psychiatry, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, and National Center for Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Xilong Cui
- Department of Psychiatry, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, and National Center for Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410011, Hunan, China.
| | - Wenbin Guo
- Department of Psychiatry, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, and National Center for Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410011, Hunan, China.
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Gilmore GR, Dyche J. Sleep/wake regularity and cognition in college students using antidepressants. Physiol Behav 2024; 273:114414. [PMID: 37992793 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2023.114414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Revised: 11/11/2023] [Accepted: 11/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023]
Abstract
The current project examined sleep, sleep/wake regularity, and cognition in college students diagnosed with depression and using serotonergic antidepressants and in those without a depression diagnosis. Forty participants either using antidepressants (n = 20, 24.75 ± 6.82 years) or without a depression diagnosis (n = 20, 21.70 ± 2.74 years) wore actigraphs for two consecutive weeks (14 days). Cognitive tasks were completed on day 1 (along with demographic surveys) and day 14. Effect sizes indicated that compared to non-clinically depressed peers, participants using antidepressants exhibited slightly greater wake after sleep onset (d = 0.36) and lower sleep efficiency (d = 0.40); however, these differences were likely not noticed by the sleeper. No sleep regularity or cognitive differences were present between groups. Within the antidepressant group, higher dosage predicted greater time in bed (R2 = 0.77), but less total sleep time (R2 = 0.86). The time of day that participants took their antidepressant exhibited differential effects on certain cognitive parameters, such as procedural reaction time and spatial processing, and interactions with years of antidepressant use were found. Self-reported wake episodes also predicted better reaction time and inhibition in the antidepressant group. This study is the first to demonstrate that sleep/wake regularity is comparable between people using antidepressants and non-clinically depressed human samples. For individuals using antidepressants, years of use, dosage, and time of day of use have predictive qualities for reaction times, spatial processing, and inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel R Gilmore
- Department of Psychology, University of Kentucky, 106-B Kastle Hall, Lexington, KY, 40506, United States.
| | - Jeff Dyche
- Department of Psychology, James Madison University, Miller Hall, MSC 7704, 91 E. Grace Street, Harrisonburg, VA, United States
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Shunkai L, Su T, Zhong S, Chen G, Zhang Y, Zhao H, Chen P, Tang G, Qi Z, He J, Zhu Y, Lv S, Song Z, Miao H, Hu Y, Jia Y, Wang Y. Abnormal dynamic functional connectivity of hippocampal subregions associated with working memory impairment in melancholic depression. Psychol Med 2023; 53:2923-2935. [PMID: 34870570 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291721004906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies have demonstrated structural and functional changes of the hippocampus in patients with major depressive disorder (MDD). However, no studies have analyzed the dynamic functional connectivity (dFC) of hippocampal subregions in melancholic MDD. We aimed to reveal the patterns for dFC variability in hippocampus subregions - including the bilateral rostral and caudal areas and its associations with cognitive impairment in melancholic MDD. METHODS Forty-two treatment-naive MDD patients with melancholic features and 55 demographically matched healthy controls were included. The sliding-window analysis was used to evaluate whole-brain dFC for each hippocampal subregions seed. We assessed between-group differences in the dFC variability values of each hippocampal subregion in the whole brain and cognitive performance on the MATRICS Consensus Cognitive Battery (MCCB). Finally, association analysis was conducted to investigate their relationships. RESULTS Patients with melancholic MDD showed decreased dFC variability between the left rostral hippocampus and left anterior lobe of cerebellum compared with healthy controls (voxel p < 0.005, cluster p < 0.0125, GRF corrected), and poorer cognitive scores in working memory, verbal learning, visual learning, and social cognition (all p < 0.05). Association analysis showed that working memory was positively correlated with the dFC variability values of the left rostral hippocampus-left anterior lobe of the cerebellum (r = 0.338, p = 0.029) in melancholic MDD. CONCLUSIONS These findings confirmed the distinct dynamic functional pathway of hippocampal subregions in patients with melancholic MDD, and suggested that the dysfunction of hippocampus-cerebellum connectivity may be underlying the neural substrate of working memory impairment in melancholic MDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lai Shunkai
- Medical Imaging Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510630, China
- Department of Psychiatry, First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Ting Su
- Medical Imaging Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510630, China
- Institute of Molecular and Functional Imaging, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Shuming Zhong
- Department of Psychiatry, First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Guangmao Chen
- Medical Imaging Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510630, China
- Institute of Molecular and Functional Imaging, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Yiliang Zhang
- Department of Psychiatry, First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Hui Zhao
- Department of Psychiatry, First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Pan Chen
- Medical Imaging Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510630, China
- Institute of Molecular and Functional Imaging, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Guixian Tang
- Medical Imaging Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510630, China
- Institute of Molecular and Functional Imaging, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Zhangzhang Qi
- Medical Imaging Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510630, China
- Institute of Molecular and Functional Imaging, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Jiali He
- Department of Psychiatry, First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Yunxia Zhu
- Department of Psychiatry, First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Sihui Lv
- Department of Psychiatry, First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Zijin Song
- School of Management, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510316, China
| | - Haofei Miao
- Institute of Molecular and Functional Imaging, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Yilei Hu
- School of Management, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510316, China
| | - Yanbin Jia
- Department of Psychiatry, First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Medical Imaging Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510630, China
- Institute of Molecular and Functional Imaging, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510630, China
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Kustubayeva AM, Nelson EB, Smith ML, Allendorfer JB, Eliassen JC. Functional MRI study of feedback-based reinforcement learning in depression. Front Neuroinform 2022; 16:1028121. [PMID: 36605827 PMCID: PMC9807874 DOI: 10.3389/fninf.2022.1028121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Reinforcement learning depends upon the integrity of emotional circuitry to establish associations between environmental cues, decisions, and positive or negative outcomes in order to guide behavior through experience. The emotional dysregulation characteristic of major depressive disorder (MDD) may alter activity in frontal and limbic structures that are key to learning. Although reward and decision-making have been examined in MDD, the effects of depression on associative learning is less well studied. We investigated whether depressive symptoms would be related to abnormalities in learning-related brain activity as measured by functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). Also, we explored whether melancholic and atypical features were associated with altered brain activity. We conducted MRI scans on a 4T Varian MRI system in 10 individuals with MDD and 10 healthy subjects. We examined event-related brain activation during feedback-based learning task using Analysis of Functional NeuroImages (AFNI) for image processing and statistical analysis. We observed that MDD patients exhibited reduced activation in visual cortex but increased activation in cingulate and insular regions compared to healthy participants. Also, in relation to features of depressive subtypes, we observed that levels of activation in striatal, thalamic, and precuneus regions were negatively correlated with atypical characteristics. These results suggest that the effects of MDD change the neural circuitry underlying associative learning, and these effects may depend upon subtype features of MDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Almira M. Kustubayeva
- Center for Cognitive Neuroscience, Department of Physiology, Biophysics, and Neuroscience, Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Almaty, Kazakhstan,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Erik B. Nelson
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Michael L. Smith
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, United States,Department of Speech-Language-Hearing Sciences, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Jane B. Allendorfer
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, United States,Department of Neurology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - James C. Eliassen
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, United States,Robert Bosch Automotive Steering LLC, Florence, KY, United States,*Correspondence: James C. Eliassen,
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Zhang B, Wei D, Yan G, Lei T, Cai H, Yang Z. Feature-level fusion based on spatial-temporal of pervasive EEG for depression recognition. COMPUTER METHODS AND PROGRAMS IN BIOMEDICINE 2022; 226:107113. [PMID: 36103735 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmpb.2022.107113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE In view of the depression characteristics such as high prevalence, high disability rate, high fatality rate, and high recurrence rate, early identification and early intervention are the most effective methods to prevent irreversible damage of brain function over time. The traditional method of depression recognition based on questionnaires and interviews is time-consuming and labor-intensive, and heavily depends on the doctor's subjective experience. Therefore, accurate, convenient and effective recognition of depression has important social value and scientific significance. METHODS This paper proposes a depression recognition framework based on feature-level fusion of spatial-temporal pervasive electroencephalography (EEG). Time series EEG data were collected by portable three-electrode EEG acquisition instrument, and mapped to a spatial complex network called visibility graph (VG). Then temporal EEG features and spatial VG metric features were extracted and selected. Based on the correlation between features and categories, the differences in contribution of individual feature are explored, and different contribution coefficients are assigned to different features as the data basis of feature-level fusion to ensure the diversity of data. A cascade forest model based on three different decision forests is designed to realize the efficient depression recognition using spatial-temporal feature-level fusion data. RESULTS Experimental data were obtained from 26 depressed patients and 29 healthy controls (HC). The results of multiple control experiments show that compared with single type feature, feature-level fusion without contribution coefficient, and independent classifiers, the feature-level method with contribution coefficient of spatial-temporal has a stronger recognition ability of depression, and the highest accuracy is 92.48%. CONCLUSION Feature-level fusion method provides an effective computer-aided tool for rapid clinical diagnosis of depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingtao Zhang
- School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou 730070, China; School of Information Science and Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China.
| | - Dan Wei
- School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Guanghui Yan
- School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Tao Lei
- School of Electronic Information and Artificial Intelligence, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, China
| | - Haishu Cai
- School of Information Science and Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Zhifei Yang
- School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou 730070, China
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Valerio MP, Lomastro J, Igoa A, Martino DJ. Neurocognitive function of patients with melancholic and non-melancholic major depressive episodes: An exploratory study. Aust N Z J Psychiatry 2022:48674221133743. [PMID: 36314084 DOI: 10.1177/00048674221133743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this exploratory study was to compare the neurocognitive performance of patients undergoing melancholic and non-melancholic major depressive episodes. Considering potential limitations of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (5th ed.) specifier, we employed an additional tool that has proven useful in identifying melancholia (the Sydney Melancholia Prototype Index). METHODS One hundred forty-one depressed inpatients were classified as melancholic or non-melancholic according to the Sydney Melancholia Prototype Index and the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (5th ed.) criteria and compared on a neurocognitive battery selected to assess attention and processing speed, verbal memory, working memory and executive functions. Results were controlled for several potential confounders. RESULTS Patients diagnosed as melancholic by the two diagnostic systems displayed lower scores in executive measures, semantic verbal fluency and phonological verbal fluency. On attention and processing speed, patients with melancholia underperformed those with non-melancholic depression only when diagnosed by the Sydney Melancholia Prototype Index. After controlling for confounders, associations between melancholic status and executive dysfunction remained significant for the Sydney Melancholia Prototype Index but not for the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (5th ed.) diagnosis. CONCLUSION In this study, melancholia diagnosed by the Sydney Melancholia Prototype Index (but not by the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders [5th ed.] criteria) was characterized by a greater compromise of tests assessing executive functions than non-melancholic depressions, even after controlling for depressive severity. These preliminary results might contribute to generating hypotheses about differences in the cognitive profile and pathophysiological substrate between melancholic and non-melancholic depressions. Likewise, the pattern of findings supports the hypothesis that the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (5th ed.) melancholia specifier might identify more severe forms of depressive episodes rather than a qualitatively different subtype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina P Valerio
- National Council of Scientific and Technical Research (CONICET), Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Psychiatric Emergencies Hospital Torcuato de Alvear, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Julieta Lomastro
- Psychiatric Emergencies Hospital Torcuato de Alvear, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Ana Igoa
- Psychiatric Emergencies Hospital Torcuato de Alvear, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Diego J Martino
- National Council of Scientific and Technical Research (CONICET), Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Institute of Cognitive and Translational Neuroscience (INCyT), INECO Foundation, Favaloro University, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Variation in Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone and Cognitive Disorders in Unmedicated Middle-Aged Patients with Major Depressive Disorder: A Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy Study. Mediators Inflamm 2022; 2022:1623478. [PMID: 36105682 PMCID: PMC9467792 DOI: 10.1155/2022/1623478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Revised: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Middle-aged (45-59 years old) patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) have a predilection for dementia and cognitive disorders (CDs); however, the characteristics and mechanisms of CDs in these patients remain unclear. There are also known connections between thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), brain biochemical metabolism, and cognitive function (CF); however, there is scanty of information about these connections in middle-aged MDD patients. Methods Cognitive assessment was performed on 30 first-episode, untreated middle-aged patients with MDD and 30 well-matched healthy controls (HCs) using the MATRICS Consensus Cognitive Battery (MCCB). N-acetyl aspartate (NAA)/creatine (Cr) and choline (Cho)/Cr ratios in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) and cerebellum were also obtained via proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-MRS), and the TSH level was measured by chemiluminescence analysis. Results MDD patients presented significantly lower processing speed, working memory, verbal learning, reasoning problem-solving, visual learning, and composite cognition scores than controls, with a statistically lower NAA/Cr ratio in the right cerebellum. Age was positively related to reasoning problem-solving in the MDD group (r = 0.6249, p = 0.0220). Education also showed a positive association with visual learning, social cognition, and composite cognition. The 24-item Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS-24) score was negatively related to all domains of CF. TSH levels were markedly decreased in the MDD group, and a positive connection was determined between the NAA/Cr ratio in the right PFC and the TSH level. Conclusions Middle-aged MDD patients have multidimensional CDs. There are changes in PFC and cerebellar biochemical metabolism in middle-aged patients with MDD, which may be related to CDs or altered TSH levels.
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Xiao X, Zhang H, Ning W, Yang Z, Wang Y, Zhang T. Knockdown of FSTL1 inhibits microglia activation and alleviates depressive-like symptoms through modulating TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB pathway in CUMS mice. Exp Neurol 2022; 353:114060. [DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2022.114060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Revised: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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Wang L, Ke J, Zhang H. A Functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy Examination of the Neural Correlates of Mental Rotation for Individuals With Different Depressive Tendencies. Front Hum Neurosci 2022; 16:760738. [PMID: 35197834 PMCID: PMC8860193 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2022.760738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to examine the neural mechanisms underlying the ability to process the mental rotation with mirrored stimuli for different depressive tendencies with psychomotor retardation. Using functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS), we measured brain cortex activation of participants with higher and lower depressive tendencies while performing a left-right paradigm of object mental rotation or a same-different paradigm of subject mental rotation. Behavioral data revealed no differences in reaction time and rotation speed. The fNIRS data revealed a higher deactivation of oxyhemoglobin (HbO) change for the higher depression group in the perceptual stage of object mental rotation with mirrored stimuli in the superior external frontal cortex (BA46), inferior frontal gyrus (BA45), premotor cortex (BA6), and primary motor cortex (BA4) (study 1). In addition, there existed a significant difference between the two groups in premotor cortex (BA6) in subject mental rotation with mirrored stimuli (study 2). These results suggest that the neural mechanism of higher depression individuals connected with psychomotor retardation exists in the frontal and motor areas when processing object mental rotation with mirrored stimuli, and the motor cortex when processing subject mental rotation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jingqi Ke
- Institute of Special Environment Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Haiyan Zhang
- School of Foreign Languages, Jimei University, Xiamen, China
- *Correspondence: Haiyan Zhang,
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Roy JC, Houvenaghel JF, Duprez J, Guillery M, Drapier D, Robert G. Dynamics of cognitive action control in late-life depression during action selection. J Psychiatr Res 2021; 143:276-284. [PMID: 34530338 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2021.09.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Revised: 08/28/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Late-Life Depression (LLD) is characterized by deficits in cognitive control. We investigated the effect of LLD on a subset of cognitive control functions, the Cognitive Action Control (CAC), distinguishing on-line and adaptive control. METHODS We compared LLD subjects (n = 31) and Healthy Controls (HC, n = 31) on their performance in a Simon task. The online congruency effect and adaptive effect were compared for reaction times (RT) and accuracy rates between the groups using mixed models. We applied distributional analyses of RT to differentiate the strength of impulsive action selection and the proficiency of selective action suppression. Finally, we measured correlations between the performances on the task and clinical scores of the LLD group. RESULTS LLD had increased error rates in congruent trials compared to HC. Conversely, the adaptive CAC was equivalent between the groups. Distributional analyses showed that the fastest actions were less led by pertinent information in LLD. This phenomenon was found exclusively for congruent trials preceded by non-congruent trials. On the other hand, LLD patients, when they take time, were better than HC to suppress selectively non-relevant information. No difference was observed for adaptation to the preceding condition. No association between behavioral measurements and clinical scores were found. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that LLD participants have a specific cognitive disturbance of CAC, showing less facilitation than HC in congruent situations. We propose that this originates in a difficulty in LLD patients in disengaging their attention from conflict situations, which is consistent with a biased CAC to aversive stimuli in depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Charles Roy
- Academic Psychiatry Department, Centre Hospitalier Guillaume Régnier, Rennes, France; Université Rennes 1, Campus Santé de Villejean, France.
| | - Jean-François Houvenaghel
- Neurology Department, Rennes University Hospital, Rennes, France; Behavior and Basal Ganglia Research Unit (EA4712), Université Rennes 1, Rennes, France
| | - Joan Duprez
- Univ Rennes, INSERM, LTSI -U1099, F-35000 Rennes, France
| | - Murielle Guillery
- Academic Psychiatry Department, Centre Hospitalier Guillaume Régnier, Rennes, France; Behavior and Basal Ganglia Research Unit (EA4712), Université Rennes 1, Rennes, France
| | - Dominique Drapier
- Academic Psychiatry Department, Centre Hospitalier Guillaume Régnier, Rennes, France; Université Rennes 1, Campus Santé de Villejean, France; Behavior and Basal Ganglia Research Unit (EA4712), Université Rennes 1, Rennes, France
| | - Gabriel Robert
- Academic Psychiatry Department, Centre Hospitalier Guillaume Régnier, Rennes, France; Université Rennes 1, Campus Santé de Villejean, France; Behavior and Basal Ganglia Research Unit (EA4712), Université Rennes 1, Rennes, France
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Valerio MP, Szmulewicz AG, Lomastro J, Martino DJ. Neurocognitive performance in melancholic and non-melancholic major depressive disorder: A meta-analysis of comparative studies. Psychiatry Res 2021; 303:114078. [PMID: 34246007 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2021.114078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2020] [Revised: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Marina P Valerio
- National Council of Scientific and Technical Research (CONICET), Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Godoy Cruz 2290 (C1425FQB), Argentina; Psychiatric Emergencies Hospital Torcuato de Alvear, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Warnes 2630 (C1427DPS), Argentina
| | - Alejandro G Szmulewicz
- Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Epidemiology Department. Huntington Av 677, Boston, MA 02115, United States; Pharmacology Department, University of Buenos Aires School of Medicine, Paraguay 2155 8th Floor M1 (C1121ABG), Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Julieta Lomastro
- Psychiatric Emergencies Hospital Torcuato de Alvear, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Warnes 2630 (C1427DPS), Argentina
| | - Diego J Martino
- National Council of Scientific and Technical Research (CONICET), Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Godoy Cruz 2290 (C1425FQB), Argentina; Institute of Cognitive and Translational Neuroscience (INCyT), INECO Foundation, Favaloro University, Pacheco de Melo 1854 (C1126AAB), Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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Nellessen N, Onur OA, Richter N, Jacobs HIL, Dillen KNH, Reutern BV, Langen KJ, Fink GR, Kukolja J. Differential neural structures, intrinsic functional connectivity, and episodic memory in subjective cognitive decline and healthy controls. Neurobiol Aging 2021; 105:159-173. [PMID: 34090179 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2021.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Revised: 04/05/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The neural correlates of subjective cognitive decline (SCD; i.e., without objectifiable deficit) remain to be elucidated. Possible causes of SCD include early neurodegeneration related to Alzheimer's disease or functional and structural changes related to sub-clinical depression. We investigated the relationship between episodic memory performance or memory complaints and structural or functional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) measures in participants with SCD (n=18) but without psychiatric disorders and healthy controls (n=31). In SCD, memory complaints were not associated with memory performance but with sub-clinical depression and executive functions. SCD-associated memory complaints correlated with higher amygdala and parahippocampal gyrus (specifically subiculum) gray matter density. In controls, but not in SCD, mesiotemporal gray matter density and superior frontal gyrus functional connectivity predicted memory performance. In contrast, in SCD, only a trend toward a correlation between memory performance and gray matter density in the parietooccipital lobes was observed. In our memory-clinic sample of SCD, we did not observe incipient neurodegeneration (limited to structural and functional MRI) but rather sub-clinical depression underlying subjective cognitive complaints.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nils Nellessen
- Cognitive Neuroscience, Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-3), Research Center Jülich, Jülich, Germany; Department of Neurology, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany; Department of Neurology and Clinical Neurophysiology, Helios University Hospital Wuppertal, 42283 Wuppertal, Germany; Faculty of Health, Witten/Herdecke University, Witten, Germany
| | - Oezguer A Onur
- Cognitive Neuroscience, Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-3), Research Center Jülich, Jülich, Germany; Department of Neurology, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany.
| | - Nils Richter
- Cognitive Neuroscience, Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-3), Research Center Jülich, Jülich, Germany; Department of Neurology, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Heidi I L Jacobs
- Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Alzheimer Centre Limburg; Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands; Department of Radiology, Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kim N H Dillen
- Cognitive Neuroscience, Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-3), Research Center Jülich, Jülich, Germany
| | - Boris von Reutern
- Cognitive Neuroscience, Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-3), Research Center Jülich, Jülich, Germany; Department of Neurology, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Karl J Langen
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-4), Research Center Jülich, Jülich, Germany; Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Gereon R Fink
- Cognitive Neuroscience, Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-3), Research Center Jülich, Jülich, Germany; Department of Neurology, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Juraj Kukolja
- Department of Neurology and Clinical Neurophysiology, Helios University Hospital Wuppertal, 42283 Wuppertal, Germany; Faculty of Health, Witten/Herdecke University, Witten, Germany
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13
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Woolf C, Lampit A, Shahnawaz Z, Sabates J, Norrie LM, Burke D, Naismith SL, Mowszowski L. A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Cognitive Training in Adults with Major Depressive Disorder. Neuropsychol Rev 2021; 32:419-437. [PMID: 33913064 DOI: 10.1007/s11065-021-09487-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2019] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) is common and disabling, and is linked to functional impairment and increased mortality. While current treatments for MDD are moderately effective, ultimately, up to one third of patients do not achieve full remission. Interestingly, while affective symptoms of major depression typically resolve with the depressive episode, cognitive impairment frequently persists, and has been identified as one of the most prominent predictors of illness recurrence. Additionally, MDD is well-recognised as a key risk factor for further cognitive decline and dementia. Yet, available treatments for MDD do not typically address cognitive impairment. Cognitive training, represents a promising and novel therapeutic intervention in this regard. This review systematically identified and evaluated the evidence for cognitive training in adults with MDD. Following PRISMA guidelines, eligible studies were selected according to pre-defined criteria delineating our target population (adults with clinically defined MDD), parameters for cognitive training interventions (computer-or strategy-based, clinician-facilitated), and study design (controlled trials including pre-post cognitive and psychological or functional outcome data). Of 448 studies identified, nine studies met inclusion criteria. These studies were evaluated for methodological quality and risk of bias. Despite heterogeneity, qualitative and meta-analytic synthesis of study findings revealed significant improvements in cognitive and affective outcomes following cognitive training, with moderate pooled effect sizes. Unfortunately, very few studies investigated 'far transfer' to broader domains of everyday functioning. Overall, given the strong evidence for the efficacy and value of cognitive training in this context, cognitive training should be considered as a primary therapeutic intervention in the treatment of MDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Woolf
- Older People's Mental Health Service, St Vincent's Hospital, Sydney, Australia. .,Healthy Brain Ageing Program, Brain and Mind Centre, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia. .,School of Psychology, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia.
| | - A Lampit
- Academic Unit for Psychiatry of Old Age, Department of Psychiatry, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.,Department of Neurology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Z Shahnawaz
- Older People's Mental Health Service, St Vincent's Hospital, Sydney, Australia
| | - J Sabates
- Academic Unit for Psychiatry of Old Age, Department of Psychiatry, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - L M Norrie
- Older People's Mental Health Service, St Vincent's Hospital, Sydney, Australia.,School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Randwick, Australia
| | - D Burke
- Older People's Mental Health Service, St Vincent's Hospital, Sydney, Australia.,Discipline of Psychiatry, University of Notre Dame, Sydney, Australia.,Department of Psychiatry, Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland
| | - S L Naismith
- Healthy Brain Ageing Program, Brain and Mind Centre, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia.,Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
| | - L Mowszowski
- Healthy Brain Ageing Program, Brain and Mind Centre, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia.,Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
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14
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Zhang Y, Cui X, Ou Y, Liu F, Li H, Chen J, Zhao J, Xie G, Guo W. Differentiating Melancholic and Non-melancholic Major Depressive Disorder Using Fractional Amplitude of Low-Frequency Fluctuations. Front Psychiatry 2021; 12:763770. [PMID: 35185634 PMCID: PMC8847389 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.763770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Melancholic major depressive disorder (MDD) is a network-based brain disorder. However, whether or not network-based changes can be applied to differentiate melancholic (MEL) from non-melancholic (NMEL) MDD remains unclear. METHODS Thirty-one MEL patients, 28 NMEL patients, and 32 matched healthy controls (HCs) were scanned using resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging. Patients were assessed by the Chinese version of Snaith-Hamilton Pleasure Scale (SHAPS-C) and Temporal Experience of Pleasure Scale (TEPS). Fractional amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations (fALFF) and correlation analysis were used to analyze the data. RESULTS Compared with HCs, the MEL group had significantly higher fALFF values in the bilateral inferior frontal gyrus and right supplementary motor area (SMA) and significantly lower fALFF values in the right inferior occipital gyrus (IOG), right middle temporal gyrus (MTG)/left IOG, and bilateral superior occipital gyrus (SOG)/MTG. On the other hand, the NMEL group showed significantly higher fALFF values in the bilateral SMA and significantly lower fALFF values in the bilateral posterior cingulate cortex/precuneus relative to HCs. Compared with the NMEL group, the MEL group showed significantly lower fALFF values in the left anterior cingulate cortex (ACC). A correlation was found between the fALFF values of the right SMA and the SHAPS-C in the MEL group. In addition, correlations were observed between the fALFF values of the left ACC and the TEPS contextual consummatory and total scores in all patients. CONCLUSION Our study uncovered that MDD exhibited altered brain activity in extensive brain networks, including the default-mode network, frontal-striatal network, reward system, and frontal-limbic network. Decreased fALFF in the left ACC might be applied to differentiate the two subtypes of MDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingying Zhang
- National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Department of Psychiatry, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xilong Cui
- National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Department of Psychiatry, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yangpan Ou
- National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Department of Psychiatry, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Feng Liu
- Department of Radiology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Huabing Li
- Department of Radiology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jindong Chen
- National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Department of Psychiatry, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jingping Zhao
- National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Department of Psychiatry, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Guangrong Xie
- National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Department of Psychiatry, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Wenbin Guo
- National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Department of Psychiatry, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China.,Department of Psychiatry, The Third People's Hospital of Foshan, Foshan, China
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15
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Abstract
Stroke causes many forms of disability, including emotional and mood disorders. Depression is the most common of these, affecting approximately one-third of stroke patients. Other disorders like mania, bipolar disorder, anxiety disorder, or apathy may also develop following stroke, although they are less common. The development of mood and emotional disorders is dependent on the severity of brain injury, the side of injury, and hemispheric location. Whereas a left hemispheric stroke often results in depression or a catastrophic reaction with anxiety, injury to the right hemisphere has predominantly been associated with the development of emotional indifference (anosodiaphoria) or euphoria. In this chapter, we discuss the mood disorders associated with hemispheric strokes and the neuropsychological mechanisms that might account for the clinical manifestations of these affective disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michał Harciarek
- Department of Social Sciences, Institute of Psychology, University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland.
| | - Aleksandra Mańkowska
- Department of Social Sciences, Institute of Psychology, University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
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16
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Listunova L, Kienzle J, Bartolovic M, Jaehn A, Grützner TM, Wolf RC, Aschenbrenner S, Weisbrod M, Roesch-Ely D. Cognitive remediation therapy for partially remitted unipolar depression: A single-blind randomized controlled trial. J Affect Disord 2020; 276:316-326. [PMID: 32871662 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2020.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2019] [Revised: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 07/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is an urgent need for the development and evaluation of targeted interventions for cognitive impairment (CI) in patients with (partially) remitted major depressive disorder (MDD). The aim of our study was therefore to evaluate the effect of cognitive remediation therapy (CRT) on cognitive and psychosocial functioning in a sample of patients with MDD, taking into account comorbidity, psychopathology, remission status and CI profile. Furthermore, we compared a generalized training (GT) with an individualized training (IT) approach regarding their effects on cognition. METHODS Sixty-two MDD patients in partial remission with CI were randomly assigned to a control group (CG), IT or GT. Participants of GT trained six cognitive subdomains (divided attention, selective attention, alertness, working memory, planning and response inhibition), whereas participants of IT trained their three most deficient cognitive subdomains as identified at baseline. Participants of both intervention groups trained three times per week over a five-week period. Both training groups received additional 30-minute compensatory-transfer sessions once per week. RESULTS Attention appeared to be the most frequently impaired cognitive domain as well as the domain which was significantly improved by CRT, with medium to large effect sizes. No difference in improvement was found between IT and GT. The analyses also revealed greater improvement in self-assessed psychosocial functioning in training participants (GT and IT combined) compared to the CG. LIMITATIONS Due to the small sample size, the present results are preliminary in nature. CONCLUSION CRT was well accepted, and patients transferred the attentional improvement to real life, as measured by self-assessed psychosocial functioning. IT yielded no additional advantages over GT. We propose CRT as an integral part of the treatment plan for patients with depression suffering from CI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lena Listunova
- Centre for Psychosocial Medicine, Department of General Psychiatry, Division Neurocognition, Heidelberg University Hospital, Voßstraße 4, 69115 Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Johanna Kienzle
- Centre for Psychosocial Medicine, Department of General Psychiatry, Division Neurocognition, Heidelberg University Hospital, Voßstraße 4, 69115 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Marina Bartolovic
- Centre for Psychosocial Medicine, Department of General Psychiatry, Division Neurocognition, Heidelberg University Hospital, Voßstraße 4, 69115 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Anna Jaehn
- Centre for Psychosocial Medicine, Department of General Psychiatry, Division Neurocognition, Heidelberg University Hospital, Voßstraße 4, 69115 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Thea Marianne Grützner
- Centre for Psychosocial Medicine, Department of General Psychiatry, Division Neurocognition, Heidelberg University Hospital, Voßstraße 4, 69115 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Robert Christian Wolf
- Centre for Psychosocial Medicine, Department of General Psychiatry, Cognitive Neuropsychiatry Section, Heidelberg University Hospital, Voßstraße 4, 69115 Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Matthias Weisbrod
- Centre for Psychosocial Medicine, Department of General Psychiatry, Division Neurocognition, Heidelberg University Hospital, Voßstraße 4, 69115 Heidelberg, Germany; Department of Adult Psychiatry, SRH-Klinik, Karlsbad-Langensteinbach, Germany
| | - Daniela Roesch-Ely
- Centre for Psychosocial Medicine, Department of General Psychiatry, Division Neurocognition, Heidelberg University Hospital, Voßstraße 4, 69115 Heidelberg, Germany
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17
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Kim EJ, Kwon YJ, Lee HY, Yoon HJ, Kim JS, Shim SH. The Relationship Between Response-Inhibitory Event-Related Potentials and Symptoms of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder in Adult Patients with Major Depressive Disorder. Psychiatry Investig 2020; 17:996-1005. [PMID: 33045796 PMCID: PMC7596285 DOI: 10.30773/pi.2020.0074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Attention-deficit and poor impulse control have frequently been observed in major depressive disorder (MDD) and attention-deficit and hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Altered event-related potential (ERP) performance, such as GoNogo tasks, has been regarded as a neurocognitive process associated with attention and behavioral inhibition. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between Nogo ERP and adult ADHD in MDD. METHODS A total of 64 participants with MDD (32 comorbid with ADHD) and 32 healthy controls aged 19-45 years were recruited; they performed GoNogo paradigms during electroencephalogram measurement. Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI), and the Adult ADHD Self-Report Scale (ASRS) were evaluated. Clinical measures and GoNogo ERP were compared between three groups: depression with ADHD, depression without ADHD, and healthy controls. RESULTS MDD subjects with ADHD showed significantly decreased Nogo P3 amplitude at frontal electrode, compared with those without ADHD and healthy controls. MDD subjects with ADHD showed significantly longer Nogo N2 latency at frontal and frontocentral electrodes, compared with those without ADHD and healthy controls. In MDD subjects with ADHD, the Nogo P3 amplitude at the frontal electrode was negatively correlated with the ASRS score and inattention. The Nogo N2 latency at the frontal electrode was positively correlated with false alarm rate. CONCLUSION The decreased Nogo P3 amplitude in the frontal area might be a potential biological marker for inattention in depressed patients with ADHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun Jee Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Cheonan Hospital, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Joon Kwon
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Cheonan Hospital, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
| | - Hwa-Young Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Cheonan Hospital, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee-Jung Yoon
- The Korean Society of Infectious Diseases, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Sun Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Cheonan Hospital, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
| | - Se-Hoon Shim
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Cheonan Hospital, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
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18
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Gregory E, Torres IJ, Ge R, Blumberger DM, Downar JH, Daskalakis ZJ, Lam RW, Vila-Rodriguez F. Predictors of cognitive impairment in treatment-resistant depression. J Affect Disord 2020; 274:593-601. [PMID: 32663992 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2020.05.101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Revised: 04/18/2020] [Accepted: 05/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cognitive impairment is a well-recognized symptom of major depressive disorder; however, contributing factors are not fully characterized. The present study examined the neurocognitive profiles and predictors of cognitive impairment in patients with treatment-resistant depression (TRD). METHODS Moderate to severely depressed TRD patients were compared to matched healthy volunteers (HV) in verbal learning and recall and executive functions. Based on cognitive scores, cluster analysis was performed to identify subsets within the TRD sample. Predictors of cognitive impairment were also investigated. RESULTS TRD patients showed worse performance in tests assessing verbal memory, executive attentional shifting, and inhibitory control. The cluster analysis revealed two groups: a cognitively impaired (CI) group that showed a generalized deficit across cognitive domains, and a relatively cognitively intact group that performed better than CI in all domains except attentional shifting. A logistic binomial regression of the two groups revealed three significant contributing risk factors for CI: 1) older age, 2) lower premorbid IQ, and 3) benzodiazepine use. Cognitive impairment and benzodiazepine use were associated with worse functioning. CONCLUSIONS Significant cognitive impairment is present in TRD and is associated with worse functioning. Age, lower premorbid IQ, and benzodiazepine use increased the likelihood of generalized cognitive impairment in TRD patients. The detrimental effect of benzodiazepine on cognitive impairment is independent of anxiety symptoms. Further research is needed to characterize the timeline of cognitive impairment in depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Gregory
- Non-Invasive Neurostimulation Therapies (NINET) Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, 2255 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A1, Canada
| | - Ivan J Torres
- Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, 2255 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A1, Canada; British Columbia Mental Health and Substance Use Services Research Institute, Vancouver, BC
| | - Ruiyang Ge
- Non-Invasive Neurostimulation Therapies (NINET) Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, 2255 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A1, Canada
| | - Daniel M Blumberger
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Temerty Centre for Therapeutic Brain Intervention, Campbell Family Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Jonathan H Downar
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; MRI-Guided rTMS Clinic, Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Zafiris J Daskalakis
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Temerty Centre for Therapeutic Brain Intervention, Campbell Family Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Raymond W Lam
- Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, 2255 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A1, Canada
| | - Fidel Vila-Rodriguez
- Non-Invasive Neurostimulation Therapies (NINET) Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, 2255 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A1, Canada.
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19
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Alghadir AH, Gabr SA. Hormonal Function Responses to Moderate Aerobic Exercise in Older Adults with Depression. Clin Interv Aging 2020; 15:1271-1283. [PMID: 32821089 PMCID: PMC7423410 DOI: 10.2147/cia.s259422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Poor daily life physical activities among older people were related to depressive mood especially memory loss. In addition to that, the change in physical ability is significantly associated with the score of depression among older age. Objective The present study aimed to evaluate the effects of a supervised aerobic training program with moderate intensity for 12 weeks on mood profiles and hormonal levels of the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis (HPA axis) of older adults. Methods A total of 80 individuals of both gender (90 males, 110 females) of ages ranged between 65 and 95 years were recruited for this study. Based upon the profile of mood states (POMS) analysis, the participants were classified into two groups: control group (n=30) and depressive group (n=50). Leisure-time physical activity (LTPA), adrenal hormones such as ACTH, corticosterone (CORT), cortisol, DHEA/S, and cortisol:DHEA/S ratio were measured at baseline and post-intervention of moderate aerobic exercise for 12 weeks. Results Older adults with higher depressive scores showed a remarkable change in the level of adrenal hormones compared to control. There was a significant increase in the level of ACTH, CORT, cortisol, and cortisol:DHEA/S ratio, and decrease in DHEA/S. Compared to females, males showed an improvement in depressive mood score along with an increase in LPTA, DHEA/S and decrease in ACTH, CORT, cortisol, cortisol:DHEA/S ratio following 12 weeks of supervised aerobic training, respectively. Conclusion The findings of this study showed that 12 weeks of supervised exercise interventions are promising non-drug therapeutic strategies in improving depression among older adults. The potential performance in a psychological state occurs physiologically via optimizing the levels of the hormones of the HPA axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad H Alghadir
- Rehabilitation Research Chair (RRC), College of Applied Medical Sciences (CAMS), King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Sami A Gabr
- Rehabilitation Research Chair (RRC), College of Applied Medical Sciences (CAMS), King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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20
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Shin C, Ko YH, Shim SH, Kim JS, Na KS, Hahn SW, Lee SH. Efficacy of Buspirone Augmentation of Escitalopram in Patients with Major Depressive Disorder with and without Atypical Features: A Randomized, 8 Week, Multicenter, Open-Label Clinical Trial. Psychiatry Investig 2020; 17:796-803. [PMID: 32750760 PMCID: PMC7449841 DOI: 10.30773/pi.2020.0017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study investigated the treatment response and cognitive enhancement effects of buspirone augmentation of escitalopram in patients with major depressive disorder (MDD), according to atypical feature subtypes of MDD. METHODS An 8 week, randomized, parallel-controlled, open-label study was conducted. The Columbia Atypical Depression Diagnostic Scale was administered to evaluate atypical features. Patients were assigned randomly to the buspirone augmentation or non-buspirone groups. Symptom severity and cognitive function were evaluated using the 17-item Hamilton Depression Rating Scale, Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale, Beck Depression Inventory, Beck Anxiety Inventory, digit span test, word fluency test, and Trail Making Tests A and B. RESULTS A total of 89 patients were recruited. There were no significant differences in the measures between the groups; however, among the MDD patients without atypical features, the digit span and word fluency tests were improved by treatment. In the MDD patients without atypical features, the buspirone augmentation group showed a significant improvement on the digit span test compared to the non-buspirone group. CONCLUSION Buspirone augmentation did not demonstrate significant benefits in MDD patients; however, buspirone augmentation showed greater efficacy for the improvement of cognitive function in MDD patients without atypical features. Our study suggests that atypical features are an important factor for cognitive enhancement in buspirone augmentation treatment in patients with MDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheolmin Shin
- Department of Psychiatry, Korea University College of Medicine, Korea University Ansan Hospital, Ansan, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Hoon Ko
- Department of Psychiatry, Korea University College of Medicine, Korea University Ansan Hospital, Ansan, Republic of Korea
| | - Se-Hoon Shim
- Department of Psychiatry, Soonchunhyang University College of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Cheonan Hospital, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Sun Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Soonchunhyang University College of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Cheonan Hospital, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyoung-Sae Na
- Department of Psychiatry, Gachon University College of Medicine, Gil Medical Center, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Woo Hahn
- Department of Psychiatry, Soonchunhyang University College of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Hwan Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, Inje University Ilsan Paik Hospital, Goyang, Republic of Korea.,Clinical Emotion and Cognition Research Laboratory, Inje University Ilsan Paik Hospital, Goyang, Republic of Korea
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21
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Feeling and Looking Down: Impact of Depressive Symptoms on the Allocation of Vertical Attention. Cogn Behav Neurol 2020; 33:137-144. [DOI: 10.1097/wnn.0000000000000232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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22
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Lee HS, Baik SY, Kim YW, Kim JY, Lee SH. Prediction of Antidepressant Treatment Outcome Using Event-Related Potential in Patients with Major Depressive Disorder. Diagnostics (Basel) 2020; 10:diagnostics10050276. [PMID: 32375213 PMCID: PMC7277962 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics10050276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2020] [Revised: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 05/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Prediction of treatment outcome has been one of the core objectives in clinical research of patients with major depressive disorder (MDD). This study explored the possibility of event-related potential (ERP) markers to predict antidepressant treatment outcomes among MDD patients; (2) Methods: Fifty-two patients with MDD were recruited and evaluated through Hamilton depression (HAM-D), Hamilton anxiety rating scale (HAM-A), and CORE. Patients underwent a battery of ERP measures including frontal alpha symmetry (FAA) in the low alpha band (8–10 Hz), mismatch negativity (MMN), and loudness-dependent auditory evoked potentials (LDAEP); (3) Results: During the eight weeks of study, 61% of patients achieved remission, and 77% showed successful treatment responsiveness. Patients with low FAA in F5/F6 demonstrated a significantly higher remission/response ratio and better treatment responsiveness (F (2.560, 117.755) = 3.84, p = 0.016) compared to patients with high FAA. In addition, greater FAA in F7/F8 EEG channels was significantly associated with greater melancholia scores (r = 0.34, p = 0.018). Other ERP markers lacked any significant effect; (4) Conclusions: Our results suggested low FAA (i.e., greater left frontal activity) could reflect a good treatment response in MDD patients. These findings support that FAA could be a promising index in understanding both MDD and melancholic subtype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Seo Lee
- Clinical Emotion and Cognition Research Laboratory, Inje University, Goyang 50834, Korea; (H.S.L.); (S.Y.B.); (Y.-W.K.); (J.-Y.K.)
| | - Seung Yeon Baik
- Clinical Emotion and Cognition Research Laboratory, Inje University, Goyang 50834, Korea; (H.S.L.); (S.Y.B.); (Y.-W.K.); (J.-Y.K.)
| | - Yong-Wook Kim
- Clinical Emotion and Cognition Research Laboratory, Inje University, Goyang 50834, Korea; (H.S.L.); (S.Y.B.); (Y.-W.K.); (J.-Y.K.)
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Korea
| | - Jeong-Youn Kim
- Clinical Emotion and Cognition Research Laboratory, Inje University, Goyang 50834, Korea; (H.S.L.); (S.Y.B.); (Y.-W.K.); (J.-Y.K.)
| | - Seung-Hwan Lee
- Clinical Emotion and Cognition Research Laboratory, Inje University, Goyang 50834, Korea; (H.S.L.); (S.Y.B.); (Y.-W.K.); (J.-Y.K.)
- Department of Psychiatry, Inje University, Ilsan-Paik Hospital, Goyang 50834, Korea
- Correspondence: or ; Tel.: +82-31-910-7260; Fax: +82-31-910-7268
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Panicker M, Sameed S, Mendonsa R, Kakunje A, Karkal R. Clinical, cognitive, and sociodemographic variables in melancholic versus nonmelancholic depression. SOCIAL HEALTH AND BEHAVIOR 2020. [DOI: 10.4103/shb.shb_28_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Coleman MY, Cain SW. Eveningness is associated with greater subjective cognitive impairment in individuals with self-reported symptoms of unipolar depression. J Affect Disord 2019; 256:404-415. [PMID: 31228792 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2019.05.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2018] [Revised: 04/08/2019] [Accepted: 05/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Eveningness is associated with depression diagnosis and increased depressive symptom severity. Time-of-day preference has been linked with differences in cognitive function in the general population, with cognitive difficulties being a major factor in psychosocial impairment in depression. We therefore investigated the impact of time-of-day preference and self-reported depressed state on subjective cognitive function. METHODS Participants over the age of 18 with a self-reported history of depression completed an online questionnaire. They provided demographic and mental health information, and completed self-report scales assessing depression symptoms, time-of-day preference, and cognition. Participants were classified as "currently" or "previously depressed" based on self-reported symptoms, and as having a morning, neither, or evening time-of-day preference. RESULTS A total of 804 participants reporting a history of unipolar depression were included. Currently-depressed participants reported more cognitive difficulties in all areas measured. Evening types reported more complex attentional and retrospective memory difficulties than neither types, and reported more executive and prospective memory difficulties than both neither and morning types. There was an additive effect of mood state and time-of-day preference, with self-reported depressed evening types reporting the most cognitive problems. LIMITATIONS Depression history, time-of-day preference, and cognitive function were assessed using unsupervised self-report measures. Time-of-day preference does not necessarily reflect the physiological circadian system. CONCLUSIONS Both depressed state and evening preference were individually associated with subjective cognitive complaints in people with a self-reported history of unipolar depression. The additive effect of poor mood and eveningness is important given the high prevalence of eveningness in depression. Assessment of time-of-day preference could help to identify those susceptible to cognitive symptoms, and inform treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Y Coleman
- School of Psychological Sciences and Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, Monash University, 18 Innovation Walk, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Sean W Cain
- School of Psychological Sciences and Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, Monash University, 18 Innovation Walk, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia.
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Correlated Resting-State Functional MRI Activity of Frontostriatal, Thalamic, Temporal, and Cerebellar Brain Regions Differentiates Stroke Survivors with High Compared to Low Depressive Symptom Scores. Neural Plast 2019; 2019:2357107. [PMID: 31467520 PMCID: PMC6701282 DOI: 10.1155/2019/2357107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2018] [Revised: 05/11/2019] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background One in three survivors of stroke experience poststroke depression (PSD). PSD has been linked with poorer recovery of function and cognition, yet our understanding of potential mechanisms is currently limited. Alterations in resting-state functional MRI have been investigated to a limited extent. Fluctuations in low frequency signal are reported, but it is unknown if interactions are present between the level of depressive symptom score and intrinsic brain activity in varying brain regions. Objective To investigate potential interaction effects between whole-brain resting-state activity and depressive symptoms in stroke survivors with low and high levels of depressive symptoms. Methods A cross-sectional analysis of 63 stroke survivors who were assessed at 3 months poststroke for depression, using the Montgomery–Åsberg Depression Rating Scale (MÅDRS-SIGMA), and for brain activity using fMRI. A MÅDRS-SIGMA score of >8 was classified as high depressive symptoms. Fractional amplitude of frequency fluctuations (fALFF) data across three frequency bands (broadband, i.e., ~0.01–0.08; subbands, i.e., slow-5: ~0.01–0.027 Hz, slow-4: 0.027–0.07) was examined. Results Of the 63 stroke survivors, 38 were classified as “low-depressive symptoms” and 25 as “high depressive symptoms.” Six had a past history of depression. We found interaction effects across frequency bands in several brain regions that differentiated the two groups. The broadband analysis revealed interaction effects in the left insula and the left superior temporal lobe. The subband analysis showed contrasting fALFF response between the two groups in the left thalamus, right caudate, and left cerebellum. Across the three frequency bands, we found contrasting fALFF response in areas within the fronto-limbic-thalamic network and cerebellum. Conclusions We provide evidence that fALFF is sensitive to changes in poststroke depressive symptom severity and implicates frontostriatal and cerebellar regions, consistent with previous studies. The use of multiband analysis could be an effective method to examine neural correlates of depression after stroke. The START-PrePARE trial is registered with the Australian New Zealand Clinical Trial Registry, number ACTRN12610000987066.
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Langenecker SA, Mickey BJ, Eichhammer P, Sen S, Elverman KH, Kennedy SE, Heitzeg MM, Ribeiro SM, Love TM, Hsu DT, Koeppe RA, Watson SJ, Akil H, Goldman D, Burmeister M, Zubieta JK. Cognitive Control as a 5-HT 1A-Based Domain That Is Disrupted in Major Depressive Disorder. Front Psychol 2019; 10:691. [PMID: 30984083 PMCID: PMC6450211 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2019.00691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2018] [Accepted: 03/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Heterogeneity within Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) has hampered identification of biological markers (e.g., intermediate phenotypes, IPs) that might increase risk for the disorder or reflect closer links to the genes underlying the disease process. The newer characterizations of dimensions of MDD within Research Domain Criteria (RDoC) domains may align well with the goal of defining IPs. We compare a sample of 25 individuals with MDD compared to 29 age and education matched controls in multimodal assessment. The multimodal RDoC assessment included the primary IP biomarker, positron emission tomography (PET) with a selective radiotracer for 5-HT1A [(11C)WAY-100635], as well as event-related functional MRI with a Go/No-go task targeting the Cognitive Control network, neuropsychological assessment of affective perception, negative memory bias and Cognitive Control domains. There was also an exploratory genetic analysis with the serotonin transporter (5-HTTLPR) and monamine oxidase A (MAO-A) genes. In regression analyses, lower 5-HT1A binding potential (BP) in the MDD group was related to diminished engagement of the Cognitive Control network, slowed resolution of interfering cognitive stimuli, one element of Cognitive Control. In contrast, higher/normative levels of 5-HT1A BP in MDD (only) was related to a substantial memory bias toward negative information, but intact resolution of interfering cognitive stimuli and greater engagement of Cognitive Control circuitry. The serotonin transporter risk allele was associated with lower 1a BP and the corresponding imaging and cognitive IPs in MDD. Lowered 5HT 1a BP was present in half of the MDD group relative to the control group. Lowered 5HT 1a BP may represent a subtype including decreased engagement of Cognitive Control network and impaired resolution of interfering cognitive stimuli. Future investigations might link lowered 1a BP to neurobiological pathways and markers, as well as probing subtype-specific treatment targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott A. Langenecker
- The Molecular & Behavioral Neuroscience Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Brian J. Mickey
- The Molecular & Behavioral Neuroscience Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Peter Eichhammer
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Srijan Sen
- The Molecular & Behavioral Neuroscience Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | | | - Susan E. Kennedy
- The Molecular & Behavioral Neuroscience Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Mary M. Heitzeg
- The Molecular & Behavioral Neuroscience Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Saulo M. Ribeiro
- The Molecular & Behavioral Neuroscience Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Tiffany M. Love
- The Molecular & Behavioral Neuroscience Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - David T. Hsu
- The Molecular & Behavioral Neuroscience Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Robert A. Koeppe
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Stanley J. Watson
- The Molecular & Behavioral Neuroscience Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Huda Akil
- The Molecular & Behavioral Neuroscience Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - David Goldman
- National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Margit Burmeister
- The Molecular & Behavioral Neuroscience Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Jon-Kar Zubieta
- The Molecular & Behavioral Neuroscience Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
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Pu S, Noda T, Setoyama S, Nakagome K. Empirical evidence for discrete neurocognitive subgroups in patients with non-psychotic major depressive disorder: clinical implications. Psychol Med 2018; 48:2717-2729. [PMID: 29679991 DOI: 10.1017/s003329171800034x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neuropsychological deficits are present across various cognitive domains in major depressive disorder (MDD). However, a consistent and specific profile of neuropsychological abnormalities has not yet been established. METHODS We assessed cognition in 170 patients with non-psychotic MDD using the Brief Assessment of Cognition in Schizophrenia and the scores were compared with those of 42 patients with schizophrenia as a reference for severity of cognitive impairment. Hierarchical cluster analysis was conducted to determine whether there are discrete neurocognitive subgroups in MDD. We then compared the subgroups in terms of several clinical factors and social functioning. RESULTS Three distinct neurocognitive subgroups were found: (1) a mild impairment subgroup with near-normative performance and mild dysfunction in motor speed; (2) a selective impairment subgroup, which exhibited preserved working memory and executive function, but moderate to severe deficits in verbal memory, motor speed, verbal fluency, and attention/information processing speed; and (3) a global impairment subgroup with moderate to severe deficits across all neurocognitive domains, comparable with deficits in schizophrenia. The global impairment subgroup was characterized by lower pre-morbid intelligence quotient (IQ). Moreover, a significant difference between groups was observed in premorbid IQ (p = 0.003), antidepressant dose (p = 0.043), antipsychotic dose (p = 0.013), or anxiolytic dose (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS These results suggest the presence of multiple neurocognitive subgroups in non-psychotic MDD with unique profiles, one of which exhibits deficits comparable to those of schizophrenia. The results of the present study may help guide future efforts to target these disabling symptoms using different treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shenghong Pu
- Integrative Brain Imaging Center,National Center Hospital,National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry,4-1-1 Ogawa-Higashi,Kodaira,Tokyo 187-8551,Japan
| | - Takamasa Noda
- Integrative Brain Imaging Center,National Center Hospital,National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry,4-1-1 Ogawa-Higashi,Kodaira,Tokyo 187-8551,Japan
| | - Shiori Setoyama
- Department of Psychiatry,National Center Hospital,National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry,4-1-1 Ogawa-Higashi,Kodaira,Tokyo 187-8551,Japan
| | - Kazuyuki Nakagome
- National Institute of Mental Health,National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry,4-1-1 Ogawa-Higashi,Kodaira,Tokyo 187-8551,Japan
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Relations Between Executive Functions, Social Impairment, and Friendship Quality on Adjustment Among High Functioning Youth with Autism Spectrum Disorder. J Autism Dev Disord 2018. [PMID: 28624964 DOI: 10.1007/s10803-017-3205-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
High functioning adolescents with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) often have adjustment difficulties, specifically loneliness and depression. To better understand contributing factors, the current study evaluated associations between several Executive Function (EF) domains, social impairment, and friendship quality on depressive symptoms and loneliness in this population. Participants included 127 high functioning ASD adolescents and a parent/caregiver. Results indicated significant levels of parent-reported EF impairment which were positively correlated with increased levels of loneliness and depressive symptoms. Social impairment was identified as a significant mediator between all studied EF domains and adjustment, while friendship quality only partially mediated the relation between emotional control and loneliness. These results have implications for treatments focusing both on social skills and adjustment in adolescents with ASD.
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Kotan VO, Kotan Z, Aydın B, Kırlı S. The Neurobehavioral Cognitive Status Examination Results in Patients with Depression. ANKARA MEDICAL JOURNAL 2018. [DOI: 10.17098/amj.408969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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Bailey NW, Hoy KE, Rogasch NC, Thomson RH, McQueen S, Elliot D, Sullivan CM, Fulcher BD, Daskalakis ZJ, Fitzgerald PB. Responders to rTMS for depression show increased fronto-midline theta and theta connectivity compared to non-responders. Brain Stimul 2018; 11:190-203. [PMID: 29128490 DOI: 10.1016/j.brs.2017.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2017] [Revised: 10/11/2017] [Accepted: 10/15/2017] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- N W Bailey
- Monash Alfred Psychiatry Research Centre, Monash University Central Clinical School, Commercial Rd, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
| | - K E Hoy
- Monash Alfred Psychiatry Research Centre, Monash University Central Clinical School, Commercial Rd, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - N C Rogasch
- Brain and Mental Health Laboratory, Monash Institute of Cognitive and Clinical Neurosciences, Monash University, Clayton, 3168 VIC, Australia
| | - R H Thomson
- Monash Alfred Psychiatry Research Centre, Monash University Central Clinical School, Commercial Rd, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - S McQueen
- Monash Alfred Psychiatry Research Centre, Monash University Central Clinical School, Commercial Rd, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - D Elliot
- Monash Alfred Psychiatry Research Centre, Monash University Central Clinical School, Commercial Rd, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - C M Sullivan
- Monash Alfred Psychiatry Research Centre, Monash University Central Clinical School, Commercial Rd, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - B D Fulcher
- Brain and Mental Health Laboratory, Monash Institute of Cognitive and Clinical Neurosciences, Monash University, Clayton, 3168 VIC, Australia
| | - Z J Daskalakis
- Temerty Centre for Therapeutic Brain Intervention, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - P B Fitzgerald
- Monash Alfred Psychiatry Research Centre, Monash University Central Clinical School, Commercial Rd, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Epworth Healthcare, The Epworth Clinic, Camberwell, 3004, Victoria, Australia
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Halappa NG, Thirthalli J, Varambally S, Rao M, Christopher R, Nanjundaiah GB. Improvement in neurocognitive functions and serum brain-derived neurotrophic factor levels in patients with depression treated with antidepressants and yoga. Indian J Psychiatry 2018; 60:32-37. [PMID: 29736060 PMCID: PMC5914260 DOI: 10.4103/psychiatry.indianjpsychiatry_154_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
CONTEXT AND AIMS Impairment in cognition is well-known in patients with major depressive disorder. This study examined the effect of yoga therapy with or without antidepressants and antidepressants alone on certain neuropsychological functions in patients with depression. Correlation between changes in neuropsychological test performance and serum brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) levels was also explored. MATERIALS AND METHODS Antidepressant-naïve/antidepressant-free outpatients with depression received antidepressant medication alone (n = 23) or yoga therapy with (n = 26) or without (n = 16) antidepressants. Depression was assessed using the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale. Neuropsychological tests included digit-span forward and backward, Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test, and Trail Making Tests (TMT-A and B). These tests were administered before and 3 months after the treatment in patients, and once in healthy comparison subjects (n = 19). STATISTICAL ANALYSIS Baseline differences were analyzed using independent sample t-test, Chi-square, and one-way ANOVA. Paired t-test was used to analyze the change from baseline to follow-up. Pearson's correlation was used to explore the association of change between 2 variables. RESULTS Patients had impaired performance on most neuropsychological tests. After 3 months, there was significant improvement - patients' performance was comparable to that of healthy controls on majority of the tests. Significant inverse correlation was observed between increase in BDNF levels and improvement in TMT "A" duration in Yoga-alone group (r = -0.647; P = 0.009). CONCLUSIONS To conclude that, Yoga therapy, alone or in combination with medications, is associated with improved neuropsychological functions and neuroplastic effects in patients with depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naveen Gowrapura Halappa
- Department of Health and Yoga, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Jagadisha Thirthalli
- Department of Psychiatry, NIMHANS Integrated Centre for Yoga, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Shivarama Varambally
- Department of Psychiatry, NIMHANS Integrated Centre for Yoga, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Mukund Rao
- Department of Psychiatry, NIMHANS Integrated Centre for Yoga, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Rita Christopher
- Department of Neurochemistry, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Gangadhar B Nanjundaiah
- Department of Psychiatry, NIMHANS Integrated Centre for Yoga, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
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Ferguson HJ, Cane J. Tracking the impact of depression in a perspective-taking task. Sci Rep 2017; 7:14821. [PMID: 29093490 PMCID: PMC5666009 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-13922-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2017] [Accepted: 10/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Research has identified impairments in Theory of Mind (ToM) abilities in depressed patients, particularly in relation to tasks involving empathetic responses and belief reasoning. We aimed to build on this research by exploring the relationship between depressed mood and cognitive ToM, specifically visual perspective-taking ability. High and low depressed participants were eye-tracked as they completed a perspective-taking task, in which they followed the instructions of a 'director' to move target objects (e.g. a "teapot with spots on") around a grid, in the presence of a temporarily-ambiguous competitor object (e.g. a "teapot with stars on"). Importantly, some of the objects in the grid were occluded from the director's (but not the participant's) view. Results revealed no group-based difference in participants' ability to use perspective cues to identify the target object. All participants were faster to select the target object when the competitor was only available to the participant, compared to when the competitor was mutually available to the participant and director. Eye-tracking measures supported this pattern, revealing that perspective directed participants' visual search immediately upon hearing the ambiguous object's name (e.g. "teapot"). We discuss how these results fit with previous studies that have shown a negative relationship between depression and ToM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather J Ferguson
- School of Psychology, Keynes College, University of Kent, Canterbury, England.
| | - James Cane
- School of Psychology, Politics and Sociology, Canterbury Christchurch University, Canterbury, England
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Hjordt LV, Stenbæk DS, Ozenne B, Mc Mahon B, Hageman I, Hasselbalch SG, Knudsen GM. Season-independent cognitive deficits in seasonal affective disorder and their relation to depressive symptoms. Psychiatry Res 2017; 257:219-226. [PMID: 28780278 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2017.07.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2017] [Revised: 06/06/2017] [Accepted: 07/29/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Although cognitive impairments are common in depressed individuals, it is unclear which aspects of cognition are affected and whether they represent state or trait features of depression. We here exploited a naturalistic model, namely the seasonal fluctuations in depressed status in individuals with Seasonal Affective Disorder (SAD), to study depression-related cognition, longitudinally. Twenty-nine medication-free individuals diagnosed with winter-SAD and 30 demographically matched healthy controls with no seasonality symptoms completed the Letter-number Sequencing task (LNS), the Symbol Digit Modalities Test (SDMT) and the Simple Reaction Time (SRT) twice; in summer and in winter. Compared to controls, SAD individuals showed significant season-independent impairments in tasks measuring working memory (LNS), cognitive processing speed (SDMT) and motor speed (SRT). In SAD individuals, cognitive processing speed was significantly negatively associated with the seasonal change in SAD depressive symptoms. We present novel evidence that in SAD individuals, working memory, cognitive processing- and motor speed is not only impaired in the winter but also in the summer. This suggests that certain cognitive impairments are SAD traits. Furthermore, impairments in cognitive processing speed appear to be related to depressive symptoms in SAD. Reduced processing speed may thus constitute a SAD vulnerability trait marker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liv Vadskjær Hjordt
- Neurobiology Research Unit, Rigshospitalet, Blegdamsvej 9, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark; Center for Integrated Molecular Brain Imaging, the Neuroscience Centre, Rigshospitalet, Blegdamsvej 9, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark; Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Dea Siggaard Stenbæk
- Neurobiology Research Unit, Rigshospitalet, Blegdamsvej 9, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark; Center for Integrated Molecular Brain Imaging, the Neuroscience Centre, Rigshospitalet, Blegdamsvej 9, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Brice Ozenne
- Neurobiology Research Unit, Rigshospitalet, Blegdamsvej 9, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Public Health, Section of Biostatistics, University of Copenhagen, 5 Øster Farimagsgade, Entrance B, 2nd floor, 1014 Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Brenda Mc Mahon
- Neurobiology Research Unit, Rigshospitalet, Blegdamsvej 9, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark; Center for Integrated Molecular Brain Imaging, the Neuroscience Centre, Rigshospitalet, Blegdamsvej 9, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Ida Hageman
- Psychiatric Center Copenhagen, Copenhagen University Hospital, 10 Edel Sauntes Allé, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Steen Gregers Hasselbalch
- Neurobiology Research Unit, Rigshospitalet, Blegdamsvej 9, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark; Center for Integrated Molecular Brain Imaging, the Neuroscience Centre, Rigshospitalet, Blegdamsvej 9, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark; Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Gitte Moos Knudsen
- Neurobiology Research Unit, Rigshospitalet, Blegdamsvej 9, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark; Center for Integrated Molecular Brain Imaging, the Neuroscience Centre, Rigshospitalet, Blegdamsvej 9, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark; Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark.
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Jahanshahi M. Neuropsychological and Neuropsychiatric Features of Idiopathic and DYT1 Dystonia and the Impact of Medical and Surgical treatment. Arch Clin Neuropsychol 2017; 32:888-905. [DOI: 10.1093/arclin/acx095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Linking major depression and the neural substrates of associative processing. COGNITIVE AFFECTIVE & BEHAVIORAL NEUROSCIENCE 2017; 16:1017-1026. [PMID: 27553369 DOI: 10.3758/s13415-016-0449-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
It has been proposed that mood correlates with the breadth of associative thinking. Here we set this hypothesis to the test in healthy and depressed individuals. Generating contextual associations engages a network of cortical regions including the parahippocampal cortex (PHC), retrosplenial complex, and medial prefrontal cortex. The link between mood, associative processing, and its underlying cortical infrastructure provides a promising avenue for elucidating the mechanisms underlying the cognitive impairments in major depressive disorder (MDD). The participants included 15 nonmedicated individuals with acute major depressive episodes and 15 healthy matched controls. In an fMRI experiment, participants viewed images of objects that were either strongly or weakly associated with a specific context (e.g., a beach chair vs. a water bottle) while rating the commonality of each object. Analyses were performed to examine the brain activation and structural differences between the groups. Consistent with our hypothesis, controls showed greater activation of the contextual associations network than did depressed participants. In addition, PHC structural volume was correlated with ruminative tendencies, and the volumes of the hippocampal subfields were significantly smaller in depressed participants. Surprisingly, depressed participants showed increased activity in the entorhinal cortex (ERC), as compared with controls. We integrated these findings within a mechanistic account linking mood and associative thinking and suggest directions for the future.
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Depressed patients are preoccupied with unhappy thoughts which reduce their capacity to focus on attention, memory, and other cognitive performance. AIM The aim of this study is to assess neuropsychological deficits in elderly depressive and compare it with matched normal controls. METHODS After consideration of inclusion and exclusion criteria, the sample of 30 elderly depressive patients diagnosed on the basis of International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Edition criteria and 30 normal controls were selected. The selection of sample was by purposive sampling from private psychiatric clinic of Bhopal. The age range of sample was 60 years and above. All participants were administered the Geriatric Depression Scale, and the Luria-Nebraska Neuropsychological Battery-1 (LNNB form-1). RESULTS On the Geriatric Depression Scale, 21 patients were at mild level and nine patients were at severe level of depression. None of the normal controls were depressed. On LNNB form-1, depressive patients showed significant elevation on receptive speech, arithmetic, memory, reading, writing, and expressive speech as compared to normal controls. CONCLUSION Older depressive patients showed significantly more neurocognitive deficits as compared to normal controls. It is important that these deficits are identified and addressed for the holistic treatment of late-onset depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rupesh Ranjan
- Department of Psychiatry, BMHRC, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | | | - Gyanendra Kumar Jha
- Department of Psychiatry, People's Medical College, Bhanpur, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Suprakash Chaudhury
- Department of Psychiatry, Dr D Y Patil Medical College, Pimpri, Pune, Maharashtra, India
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Nigg JT, Jester JM, Stavro GM, Ip KI, Puttler LI, Zucker RA. Specificity of executive functioning and processing speed problems in common psychopathology. Neuropsychology 2017; 31:448-466. [PMID: 28094999 PMCID: PMC5408314 DOI: 10.1037/neu0000343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Interest continues in neuropsychological measures as cross-disorder intermediate phenotypes in understanding psychopathology. A central question concerns their specificity versus generalizability to particular forms of psychopathology, particularly for executive functioning (EF) and response speed. Three conceptual models examining these relationships were tested to clarify this picture at different levels in the diagnostic hierarchy. METHOD Participants (total n = 641, age 18-60) yielded complete structured diagnostic interviews and a neuropsychological test battery comprising measures of executive function, processing speed, and IQ. Repeated measures multivariate analysis of variance, linear regression, and structural equation modeling (SEM) were used to test (a) a specificity model, which proposes that individual disorders are associated with component EF processes and speed; (b) a severity model, which proposes that the total number of comorbid disorders explain poor EF and/or slow speed; and (c) a higher-order dimensional model, which proposes that internalizing versus externalizing disorders are differentially related to EF or speed. RESULTS EF effects were best explained by a specificity model, with distinct aspects of EF related to attention deficit hyperactivity disorder versus antisocial substance use disorders. Speed, on the other hand, emerged as a general indicator of externalizing psychopathology in the dimensional model, as well as overall severity of psychopathology in the severity model. CONCLUSIONS Granular approaches are likely to be most productive for linking EF to psychopathology, whereas response speed has underused potential as an endophenotype for psychopathology liability. Results are discussed in terms of an integrated conceptualization of neuropsychological processes and putative neural systems involved in general and specific aspects of psychopathology. (PsycINFO Database Record
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Affiliation(s)
- Joel T Nigg
- Department of Psychiatry, Oregon Health & Science University
| | | | | | - Ka I Ip
- Department of Psychiatry, The University of Michigan
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Bosaipo NB, Foss MP, Young AH, Juruena MF. Neuropsychological changes in melancholic and atypical depression: A systematic review. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2017; 73:309-325. [PMID: 28027956 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2016.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2016] [Revised: 10/28/2016] [Accepted: 12/09/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
There is not a consensus as to whether neuropsychological profiling can distinguish depressive subtypes. We aimed to systematically review and critically analyse the literature on cognitive function in patients with melancholic and atypical depression. We searched in databases PubMed, SCOPUS, Web of Knowledge and PsycInfo for papers comparing the neuropsychological performance of melancholic patients (MEL) to non-melancholic depressive patients (NMEL), including atypical depressives, and healthy controls (HC). All studies were scrutinised to determine the main methodological characteristics and particularly possible sources of bias influencing the results reported, using the STROBE statement checklist. We also provide effect size of the results reported for contrasts between MEL; patients and NMEL patients. Seventeen studies were included; most of them demonstrated higher neuropsychological impairments of MEL patients compared to both NMEL patients and HC on tasks requiring memory, executive function, attention and reaction time. Detailed analysis of the methodologies used in the studies revealed significant variability especially regarding the participants' sociodemographic characteristics, clinical characteristics of patients and differences in neuropsychological assessment. These findings suggest that MEL may have a distinct and impaired cognitive performance compared to NMEL depressive patients on tasks involving verbal and visual memory, executive function, sustained attention and span, as well as psychomotor speed, this last especially when cognitive load is increased. Additional studies with adequate control of potentially confounding variables will help to clarify further differences in the neuropsychological functioning of depressive subtypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nayanne Beckmann Bosaipo
- Section of Movement Disorders and Behavioral Neurology, Ribeirao Preto General Hospital of the University of Sao Paulo SP, Brazil
| | - Maria Paula Foss
- Section of Movement Disorders and Behavioral Neurology, Ribeirao Preto General Hospital of the University of Sao Paulo SP, Brazil
| | - Allan H Young
- Centre for Affective Disorders-Department of Psychological Medicine Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience-King's College London, UK
| | - Mario Francisco Juruena
- Department of Neuroscience and Behavior, School of Medicine of Ribeirao Preto, University of Sao Paulo, Brazil; Centre for Affective Disorders-Department of Psychological Medicine Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience-King's College London, UK.
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Parker G, McCraw S. The properties and utility of the CORE measure of melancholia. J Affect Disord 2017; 207:128-135. [PMID: 27721186 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2016.09.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2016] [Revised: 09/20/2016] [Accepted: 09/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The CORE measure was designed to assess a central feature of melancholia - signs of psychomotor disturbance (PMD) - and so provide an alternate non-symptom based measure of melancholia or of its probability. This review evaluates development and application studies undertaken over the last 25 years to consider how well it has met its original objectives. METHODS All studies published using the CORE measure as either the only or an adjunctive measure of melancholia were obtained and are considered in this review. RESULTS Findings suggest high reliability in quantifying CORE scores can be achieved and that it has construct validity as a measure of PMD. A number of application studies assessing socio-demographic factors, cognitive and motor impairment, dexamethasone suppression and thyrotropin-releasing hormone, response to psychotherapy and to electroconvulsive therapy support its validity as a measure of melancholia, while functional brain imaging studies suggest that the measure identifies regions of decreased connectivity. LIMITATIONS Use of the CORE benefits from rater training and for subjects to be assessed at or near nadir of their depressive episode. There have been insufficient studies evaluating genetic factors, and the treatment response of CORE-defined melancholic patients to antidepressant drugs of differing classes. CONCLUSIONS The CORE, either as a proxy or direct measure of melancholia, provides a strategy for assigning depressed subjects a diagnosis or melancholic or non-melancholic depression or for estimating the probability of melancholia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gordon Parker
- School of Psychiatry, the University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia; The Black Dog Institute, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
| | - Stacey McCraw
- School of Psychiatry, the University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia; The Black Dog Institute, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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Westwood H, Stahl D, Mandy W, Tchanturia K. The set-shifting profiles of anorexia nervosa and autism spectrum disorder using the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Psychol Med 2016; 46:1809-1827. [PMID: 27109830 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291716000581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Difficulties in set-shifting are commonly reported in both autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and anorexia nervosa (AN) populations. Despite this, it is not known whether this cognitive profile persists across different ages, or whether the profiles seen in ASD and AN are comparable. This systematic review and meta-analyses aimed to compare the set-shifting profiles, as measured by the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST) in adults and younger people with either ASD or AN, relative to healthy controls (HCs) and to statistically compare performance on the WCST between ASD and AN. In all, 24 studies on ASD and 22 studies on AN were identified. In ASD, there were significant differences between the clinical group and HCs, with the ASD group making significantly more perseverative errors, indicating greater difficulty in set-shifting [pooled effect size of d = 0.67, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.53-0.81, p ⩽ 0.001]. This effect was consistent across the age span. For AN studies, there was a significant difference between adults with AN and HCs (d = 0.52, 95% CI 0.36-0.68, p ⩽ 0.001) but a non-significant effect in child studies (d = 0.25, 95% CI -0.05 to 0.55, z = 1.66, p = 0.096). Meta-regression indicated no effect of diagnosis (AN or ASD) on performance in adult studies but there was a non-significant trend (p = 0.053) towards children with ASD performing worse than children with AN. While difficulties with set-shifting appear to be stable in ASD, there may be differences between children and adults with AN, which warrant further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Westwood
- Psychological Medicine,King's College London,Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience,London,UK
| | - D Stahl
- Department of Biostatistics,King's College London,Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience,London,UK
| | - W Mandy
- University College London,Research Department of Clinical, Educational and Health Psychology,London,UK
| | - K Tchanturia
- Psychological Medicine,King's College London,Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience,London,UK
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Gu CZ, He HL, Duan HF, Su ZH, Chen H, Gan JL. Predictors of neurocognitive impairment at 2years after a first-episode major depressive disorder. Compr Psychiatry 2016; 68:24-33. [PMID: 27234179 DOI: 10.1016/j.comppsych.2016.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2015] [Revised: 03/26/2016] [Accepted: 03/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neurocognitive impairment is a contributor to major depressive disorder (MDD). However, MDD patients show great variability in the level and course of deficits. The present longitudinal study was to identify predictors of neurocognitive impairment in first-episode MDD patients. METHODS Neurocognitive performance was analyzed in a cohort of 100 patients at 2years after a first-episode MDD. Subgroups, deficit type vs. non-deficit type, were compared on baseline clinical, neuropsychological, premorbid and sociodemographic characteristics. The analysis was performed using the multivariate logistic regression to obtain a model for neurocognitive impairment determination. The predicted probabilities of multivariate logistic regression were analyzed using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. RESULTS Fifty-two percent of MDD participants presented general neurocognitive impairment. The regression analyses demonstrated that clinical and sociodemographic characteristics were not predictive variables. A model composed of processing speed, executive function, and attention, dexterity correctly classified 85.8% of the MDD patients with deficit type. ROC curve indicated that the changes of these three cognitions could identify MDD with deficit type from MDD with non-deficit type. In addition, ROC curve also indicated that processing speed and executive function could identify MDD from CN subjects. Finally, processing speed performance was negatively correlated with Hamilton Depression Scale scores in both MDD with deficit and non-deficit type. CONCLUSION The present study provides novel insights on frequency and neurocognitive profile of subtypes of patients showing impairment. Our results suggest that processing speed impairment is a trait dimension of the disorder related to specific cognitive dysfunctions and the severity of depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuan-Zheng Gu
- The Third Psychiatric Department, Jining Psychiatric Hospital, Jining, 272051, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China; The Third Psychiatric Department, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining, 272051, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China.
| | - Hui-Li He
- The Third Psychiatric Department, Jining Psychiatric Hospital, Jining, 272051, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China; The Third Psychiatric Department, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining, 272051, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui-Feng Duan
- Department of Psychiatry, Mental Diseases Prevention and Treatment Institute of PLA, PLA 91st Central Hospital, Jiaozuo, 454003, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhong-Hua Su
- Department of Geriatric Psychiatry, Jining Psychiatric Hospital, Jining, 272051, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China; Department of Geriatric Psychiatry, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining, 272051, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong Chen
- Department of Geriatric Psychiatry, Jining Psychiatric Hospital, Jining, 272051, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China; Department of Geriatric Psychiatry, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining, 272051, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing-Li Gan
- Department of Psychiatry, Mental Diseases Prevention and Treatment Institute of PLA, PLA 91st Central Hospital, Jiaozuo, 454003, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China.
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Woo YS, Rosenblat JD, Kakar R, Bahk WM, McIntyre RS. Cognitive Deficits as a Mediator of Poor Occupational Function in Remitted Major Depressive Disorder Patients. CLINICAL PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY AND NEUROSCIENCE 2016; 14:1-16. [PMID: 26792035 PMCID: PMC4730927 DOI: 10.9758/cpn.2016.14.1.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2015] [Revised: 07/21/2015] [Accepted: 08/26/2015] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Cognitive deficits in major depressive disorder (MDD) patients have been described in numerous studies. However, few reports have aimed to describe cognitive deficits in the remitted state of MDD and the mediational effect of cognitive deficits on occupational outcome. The aim of the current review is to synthesize the literature on the mediating and moderating effects of specific domains of cognition on occupational impairment among people with remitted MDD. In addition, predictors of cognitive deficits found to be vocationally important will be examined. Upon examination of the extant literature, attention, executive function and verbal memory are areas of consistent impairment in remitted MDD patients. Cognitive domains shown to have considerable impact on vocational functioning include deficits in memory, attention, learning and executive function. Factors that adversely affect cognitive function related to occupational accommodation include higher age, late age at onset, residual depressive symptoms, history of melancholic/psychotic depression, and physical/psychiatric comorbidity, whereas higher levels of education showed a protective effect against cognitive deficit. Cognitive deficits are a principal mediator of occupational impairment in remitted MDD patients. Therapeutic interventions specifically targeting cognitive deficits in MDD are needed, even in the remitted state, to improve functional recovery, especially in patients who have a higher risk of cognitive deficit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young Sup Woo
- Mood Disorders Psychopharmacology Unit, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Joshua D Rosenblat
- Mood Disorders Psychopharmacology Unit, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto
| | - Ron Kakar
- Mood Disorders Psychopharmacology Unit, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Won-Myong Bahk
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Roger S McIntyre
- Mood Disorders Psychopharmacology Unit, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto
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Parker G, McCraw S, Hadzi-Pavlovic D. Unipolar and bipolar patient responses to a new scale measuring the consequences of depression. Psychiatry Res 2015; 230:676-81. [PMID: 26545613 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2015.10.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2015] [Revised: 10/12/2015] [Accepted: 10/20/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
There are generic measures available to assess functional impairment associated with clinical conditions, but no measure has been developed to specifically evaluate consequences of differing mood disorders, our current objective. In this study, 208 participants took part in a research interview which aimed to differentiate clinical depression from non-clinical mood states. The 126 participants who met diagnostic criteria for clinical depression (i.e., bipolar disorder, melancholic depression or non-melancholic depression) were asked to judge whether they had experienced any of 24 consequences of their depressive episodes with the measure focusing on occupational, personal and interpersonal functioning. Such consequences were affirmed by 100% of participants diagnosed with bipolar disorder, 84% of those experiencing melancholic depression and 74% of those who had experienced a non-melancholic depressive episode. Results from a three-factor solution were consistent with the expected domains (i.e. work and relationships; self-care and daily functioning; intimate relationships and coping), and had sound goodness of fit properties. Participants with bipolar disorder were more likely to affirm each item compared to participants with unipolar depression, and participants with melancholic depression affirmed each item at a higher rate than participants who had experienced non-melancholic episodes. The new measure (the Consequences of Depression Scale; CODS) could be utilised in research and clinical activities seeking to identify and quantify the personal and economic burden of mood disorders, and provides an additional perspective for evaluating the impact of mood disorders on interpersonal, personal and occupational functioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gordon Parker
- School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia and Black Dog Institute, Sydney, Australia.
| | - Stacey McCraw
- School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia and Black Dog Institute, Sydney, Australia
| | - Dusan Hadzi-Pavlovic
- School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia and Black Dog Institute, Sydney, Australia
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45
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Gray matter volume abnormalities were associated with sustained attention in unmedicated major depression. Compr Psychiatry 2015; 63:71-9. [PMID: 26555494 DOI: 10.1016/j.comppsych.2015.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2015] [Revised: 08/26/2015] [Accepted: 09/06/2015] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Impaired sustained attention seems to be a core feature of depression while the anatomical alteration of brain was widely reported in depression patients. The authors aimed to identify the relationship between anatomical brain changes and sustained attention deficits in unmedicated patients with major depressive disorder (MDD). METHODS A total of 51 medication-free MDD patients and 51 matched healthy controls (HC) underwent high-resolution structural magnetic resonance imaging scanning, and optimized voxel-based morphometry method was performed to analyze the changes of gray matter volume (GMV). We employed a computerized neurocognitive task from the Cambridge Neuropsychological Tests Automated Battery (CANTAB)--Rapid Visual Information Processing (RVP) task--as a measurement of sustained attention. Based on clinical symptoms, 40 patients who had completed CANTAB-RVP test were divided into MDDa (mild depression patients) and MDDb (severe depression patients) groups. Then the relationships among sustained attention, GMV of different regions and clinical symptoms were explored separately. RESULTS MDD patients showed significant GMV increase in left posterior cingulate cortex (PCC) and inferior frontal gyrus (IFG) (p<0.001, uncorrected), and significant GMV decrease in medial/superior frontal gyrus (MFG/SFG) and lingual gyrus (p<0.001, uncorrected). Structure-cognition correlation analyses revealed that in MDD patients, GMV alterations of the IFG were significantly correlated with sustained attention as measured by the CANTAB-RVP. CONCLUSIONS Increased GMV values of IFG were associated with sustained attention which may underlie the pathophysiology of MDD or be part of the cognition circuit. In the severe depression patients, sustained attention deficits were positively correlated with clinical symptoms.
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Hyett MP, Parker GB, Guo CC, Zalesky A, Nguyen VT, Yuen T, Breakspear M. Scene unseen: Disrupted neuronal adaptation in melancholia during emotional film viewing. NEUROIMAGE-CLINICAL 2015; 9:660-7. [PMID: 26740919 PMCID: PMC4660155 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2015.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2015] [Revised: 10/19/2015] [Accepted: 10/22/2015] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Impairments in attention and concentration are distinctive features of melancholic depression, and may diminish the ability to shift focus away from internal dysphoric states. Disrupted brain networks may underlie the inability to effectively disengage from interoceptive signals in this disorder. This study investigates changes in effective connectivity between cortical systems supporting attention, interoception, and perception in those with melancholic depression when shifting attention from rest to viewing dynamic film stimuli. We hypothesised that those with melancholia would show impaired attentional shifting from rest to emotional film viewing, captured in neuronal states that differed little across conditions. Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data were acquired from 48 participants (16 melancholic depressed, 16 non-melancholic depressed, and 16 healthy controls) at rest and whilst viewing emotionally salient movies. Using independent component analysis, we identified 8 cortical modes (default mode, executive control, left/right frontoparietal attention, left/right insula, visual and auditory) and studied their dynamics using dynamic causal modelling. Engagement with dynamic emotional material diminished in melancholia and was associated with network-wide increases in effective connectivity. Melancholia was also characterised by an increase in effective connectivity amongst cortical regions involved in attention and interoception when shifting from rest to negative film viewing, with the converse pattern in control participants. The observed involvement of attention- and insula-based cortical systems highlights a potential neurobiological mechanism for disrupted attentional resource allocation, particularly in switching between interoceptive and exteroceptive signals, in melancholia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew P Hyett
- School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Black Dog Institute Building, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hospital Road, Randwick, NSW 2031, Australia; QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, 300 Herston Road, Herston, QLD 4006, Australia
| | - Gordon B Parker
- School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Black Dog Institute Building, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hospital Road, Randwick, NSW 2031, Australia; Black Dog Institute, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hospital Road, Randwick, NSW 2031, Australia
| | - Christine C Guo
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, 300 Herston Road, Herston, QLD 4006, Australia
| | - Andrew Zalesky
- Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Science & Melbourne School of Engineering, University of Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Vinh T Nguyen
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, 300 Herston Road, Herston, QLD 4006, Australia
| | - Tamara Yuen
- School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Black Dog Institute Building, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hospital Road, Randwick, NSW 2031, Australia; Black Dog Institute, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hospital Road, Randwick, NSW 2031, Australia
| | - Michael Breakspear
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, 300 Herston Road, Herston, QLD 4006, Australia; The Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Butterfield Street, Herston, QLD 4006, Australia
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Potter GG, McQuoid DR, Steffens DC. Appetite loss and neurocognitive deficits in late-life depression. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry 2015; 30:647-54. [PMID: 25315155 PMCID: PMC4691536 DOI: 10.1002/gps.4196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2014] [Accepted: 07/31/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aimed to examine the association of appetite loss symptoms to neurocognitive performance in late-life depression (LLD). METHODS This study used cross-sectional data from individuals aged 60+ years with major depressive disorder (N = 322). Participants received clinical assessment of depression and neuropsychological testing. Factor analysis was used to characterize depression symptom factors, and composite scales were developed for episodic memory, psychomotor-executive functions, verbal fluency, and working memory span. RESULTS Factor analysis produced a five-factor solution: (1) anhedonia/sadness; (2) suicidality/guilt; (3) appetite/weight loss; (4) sleep disturbance; and (5) anxiety/tension. In separate multivariate models for each neurocognitive domain and including all five depression factors, higher appetite-loss-related symptoms were associated with lower performance in episodic memory, psychomotor-executive functions, and verbal fluency; results were significant with covariates of age, education, race, sex, age of depression onset, and illness burden. No other depression factors were associated with neurocognitive performance in these models. In an additional set of models, the appetite factor mediated the association between global depression severity and neurocognitive performance. DISCUSSION A factor of appetite and weight loss symptoms in LLD was uniquely associated with neurocognitive performance, in contrast to lack of association among other depression symptom factors. CONCLUSION Cognitive deficits are a major adverse outcome of LLD, and prominent appetite loss during acute depression may be a marker for these deficits, independent of overall depression severity. Research is needed to understand the mechanisms that may explain this association, and how it is related to the cognitive and symptomatic course of LLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guy G. Potter
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC
| | - Douglas R. McQuoid
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC
| | - David C. Steffens
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT
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Day CV, Gatt JM, Etkin A, DeBattista C, Schatzberg AF, Williams LM. Cognitive and emotional biomarkers of melancholic depression: An iSPOT-D report. J Affect Disord 2015; 176:141-50. [PMID: 25710095 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2015.01.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2014] [Revised: 01/28/2015] [Accepted: 01/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Depressed patients with melancholic features have distinct impairments in cognition and anhedonia, but it remains unknown whether these impairments can be quantified on neurocognitive biomarker tests of behavioral performance. We compared melancholic major depressive disorder (MDD) patients to non-melancholic MDD patients and controls on a neurocognitive test battery that assesses eight general and emotional cognitive domains including the hypothesized decision-making and reward-threat perception. METHODS MDD outpatients (n=1008) were assessed using a computerized battery of tests. MDD participants met DSM-IV criteria for MDD and had a score ≥16 on the 17-item Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression. Melancholic MDD was defined using the Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview and a psychomotor disturbance observer-rated CORE measure score >7. Controls were age- and gender-matched with no previous DSM-IV or significant medical history. RESULTS Melancholic participants (33.7% of the MDD sample) exhibited significantly poorer performance than controls across each domain of cognitive function and for speed of emotion identification and implicit emotion priming. Compared to the non-melancholic group, specific disturbances were seen on tests of information speed, decision speed, and reward-relevant emotional processing of happy expressions, even after co-varying for symptom severity. LIMITATIONS Assessments were taken at only one medication-free time point. Reward was investigated using an emotional faces task. CONCLUSIONS Melancholic MDD is distinguished by a specific neurocognitive marker profile consistent with reduced decision-making capacity under time demands and loss of reward sensitivity. This profile suggests an underlying deficit in mesolimbic-cortical circuitry for motivationally-directed behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire V Day
- The Brain Dynamics Centre, Discipline of Psychiatry, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney 2006, NSW, Australia; Westmead Millennium Institute, Westmead 2145, NSW, Australia; Brain Resource Ltd., 235 Jones Street, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Brain Resource Inc., 1000 Sansome Street, San Francisco, CA 94111, USA
| | - Justine M Gatt
- The Brain Dynamics Centre, Discipline of Psychiatry, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney 2006, NSW, Australia; Westmead Millennium Institute, Westmead 2145, NSW, Australia; Neuroscience Research Australia, Randwick 2031, NSW, Australia; School of Psychology, University of New South Wales, Sydney 2052, NSW, Australia
| | - Amit Etkin
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Sierra-Pacific Mental Illness Research, Education and Clinical Center (MIRECC) Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA
| | - Charles DeBattista
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Alan F Schatzberg
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Leanne M Williams
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Sierra-Pacific Mental Illness Research, Education and Clinical Center (MIRECC) Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA.
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Day CV, John Rush A, Harris AWF, Boyce PM, Rekshan W, Etkin A, DeBattista C, Schatzberg AF, Arnow BA, Williams LM. Impairment and distress patterns distinguishing the melancholic depression subtype: an iSPOT-D report. J Affect Disord 2015; 174:493-502. [PMID: 25554994 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2014.10.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2014] [Revised: 10/23/2014] [Accepted: 10/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study seeks to provide a comprehensive and systematic evaluation of baseline clinical and psychological features and treatment response characteristics that differentiate Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) outpatients with and without melancholic features. Reflecting the emphasis in DSM-5, we also include impairment and distress. METHODS Participants were assessed pre-treatment on clinical features (severity, risk factors, comorbid conditions, illness course), psychological profile (personality, emotion regulation), functional capacity (social and occupational function, quality of life) and distress/coping (negativity bias, emotional resilience, social skills, satisfaction with life). Participants were randomized to sertraline, escitalopram or venlafaxine extended-release and re-assessed post-treatment at 8 weeks regarding remission, response, and change in impairment and distress. RESULTS Patients with melancholic features (n=339; 33.7%) were distinguished clinically from non-melancholics by more severe depressive symptoms and greater exposure to abuse in childhood. Psychologically, melancholic patients were defined by introversion, and a greater use of suppression to regulate negative emotion. Melancholics also had poorer capacity for social and occupational function, and physical and psychological quality of life, along with poorer coping, reflected in less emotional resilience and capacity for social skills. Post-treatment, melancholic patients had lower remission and response, but some of this effect was due to the more severe symptoms pre-treatment. The distress/coping outcome measure of capacity for social skills remained significantly lower for melancholic participants. LIMITATIONS Due to the cross-sectional nature of this study, causal pathways cannot be concluded. CONCLUSIONS Findings provide new insights into a melancholic profile of reduced ability to function interpersonally or effectively deal with one׳s emotions. This distinctly poorer capacity for social skills remained post-treatment. The pre-treatment profile may account for some of the difficulty in achieving remission or response with treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire V Day
- Brain Dynamics Center, Psychiatry, University of Sydney Medical School, Sydney, NSW 2145 Australia; Discipline of Psychiatry, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Westmead Clinical School, Australia; Brain Resource Ltd., 235 Jones Street, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Brain Resource Inc., 1000 Sansome Street, San Francisco, CA 94111, USA.
| | - A John Rush
- Duke-National University of Singapore, Graduate Medical School Singapore, 8 College Road, Singapore 169857, Singapore
| | - Anthony W F Harris
- Brain Dynamics Center, Psychiatry, University of Sydney Medical School, Sydney, NSW 2145 Australia; Discipline of Psychiatry, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Westmead Clinical School, Australia
| | - Philip M Boyce
- Discipline of Psychiatry, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Westmead Clinical School, Australia
| | - William Rekshan
- Brain Resource Ltd., 235 Jones Street, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Brain Resource Inc., 1000 Sansome Street, San Francisco, CA 94111, USA
| | - Amit Etkin
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Sierra-Pacific Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center (MIRECC) Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA
| | - Charles DeBattista
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Alan F Schatzberg
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Bruce A Arnow
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Leanne M Williams
- Brain Dynamics Center, Psychiatry, University of Sydney Medical School, Sydney, NSW 2145 Australia; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Sierra-Pacific Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center (MIRECC) Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA
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Li Y, Cao D, Wei L, Tang Y, Wang J. Abnormal functional connectivity of EEG gamma band in patients with depression during emotional face processing. Clin Neurophysiol 2015; 126:2078-89. [PMID: 25766267 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2014.12.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2013] [Revised: 12/09/2014] [Accepted: 12/31/2014] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This paper evaluates the large-scale structure of functional brain networks using graph theoretical concepts and investigates the difference in brain functional networks between patients with depression and healthy controls while they were processing emotional stimuli. METHODS Electroencephalography (EEG) activities were recorded from 16 patients with depression and 14 healthy controls when they performed a spatial search task for facial expressions. Correlations between all possible pairs of 59 electrodes were determined by coherence, and the coherence matrices were calculated in delta, theta, alpha, beta, and gamma bands (low gamma: 30-50Hz and high gamma: 50-80Hz, respectively). Graph theoretical analysis was applied to these matrices by using two indexes: the clustering coefficient and the characteristic path length. RESULTS The global EEG coherence of patients with depression was significantly higher than that of healthy controls in both gamma bands, especially in the high gamma band. The global coherence in both gamma bands from healthy controls appeared higher in negative conditions than in positive conditions. All the brain networks were found to hold a regular and ordered topology during emotion processing. However, the brain network of patients with depression appeared randomized compared with the normal one. The abnormal network topology of patients with depression was detected in both the prefrontal and occipital regions. The negative bias from healthy controls occurred in both gamma bands during emotion processing, while it disappeared in patients with depression. CONCLUSIONS The proposed work studied abnormally increased connectivity of brain functional networks in patients with depression. By combing the clustering coefficient and the characteristic path length, we found that the brain networks of patients with depression and healthy controls had regular networks during emotion processing. Yet the brain networks of the depressed group presented randomization trends. Moreover, negative bias was detected in the healthy controls during emotion processing, while it was not detected in patients with depression, which might be related to the types of negative stimuli used in this study. SIGNIFICANCE The brain networks from both patients with depression and healthy controls were found to hold a regular and ordered topology. Yet the brain networks of patients with depression had randomization trends.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingjie Li
- School of Communication and Information Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China.
| | - Dan Cao
- School of Communication and Information Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Ling Wei
- School of Communication and Information Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Yingying Tang
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Jijun Wang
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200030, China.
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