Impact of state of economic dependence and employment status on the self-perceived health of Indian elderly people across expenditure quintiles of households

The correlation of caloric intake from sugar-sweetened beverage (SSB) on type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) risk in Indonesia

Among the concerning commercial practices are those related to sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs), which offer little nutritional value and contribute to energy-dense diets. Excessive SSB consumption is associated with obesity, a major risk factor for non-communicable diseases (NCDs), particularly Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM). The rise in SSB consumption in Indonesia, driven by commercial factors, increases the risk of T2DM and related health burdens. This study aims to investigate SSB consumption patterns, caloric intake, and socio-demographic characteristics affecting T2DM prevalence, using probit regression estimates based on National Socioeconomic Survey (SUSENAS) 2018 and Basic Health Research (Riskesdas) 2018. The sample size comprises 699,959 individuals, with the unit of analysis focused on individual health outcomes. Our descriptive result implies that 76.49 % incurred expenses on at least one type of SSB in the past week. Ready-to-drink beverages were the most frequently consumed, while factory-produced liquid milk had the lowest average consumption. Probit regression analysis indicated that higher SSB caloric consumption significantly increased the probability of a T2DM diagnosis. This study underscores the need for targeted interventions to reduce SSB consumption and address T2DM risk factors, especially among higher-income households and specific regions.

A Review of Sustainable Maintenance Strategies for Single Component and Multicomponent Equipment

Contemporary industrial equipment is increasingly developing towards complexity. In order to ensure the high reliability and sustainability of industrial equipment, more flexible maintenance strategies have attracted extensive attention. In view of this, this paper aims to summarize the current situation of existing maintenance strategies, so as to enable colleagues in the industry to choose or formulate more efficient maintenance strategies. Firstly, the characteristics, application potential and limitations of single component maintenance strategies, such as corrective maintenance, preventive maintenance and predictive maintenance, are described in detail from the perspective of maintenance time. On the basis of single component maintenance and the dependency between multiple components, the advantages and disadvantages of multicomponent maintenance strategies, such as batch maintenance, opportunity maintenance and group maintenance, are summarized, and suggestions for the future maintenance of industrial equipment are proposed. Based on this, industries can select the appropriate maintenance strategy according to their equipment characteristics, or improve their existing maintenance strategies based on actual needs.