The new Amplatzer duct occluder II: when is its use advantageous?

Cost-effectiveness analysis of different devices used for the closure of small-to-medium-sized patent ductus arteriosus in pediatric patients

Aims:

In this study, we examined the differences in cost and effectiveness of various devices used for the closure of small to medium sized patent ductus arteriosus (PDA).

Setting and Design:

We retrospectively studied 116 patients who underwent closure of small PDAs between January 2010 and January 2015.

Subjects and Methods:

Three types of devices were used: the Amplatzer duct occluder (ADO) II, the cook detachable coil and the Nit Occlud coil (NOC). Immediate and late complications were recorded and patients were followed up for 3 months after the procedure.

Statistical Methods:

All statistical calculations were performed using Statistical Package for the Social Science software. P <0.05 were considered significant.

Results:

We successfully deployed ADO II devices in 33 out of 35 cases, cook detachable coils in 36 out of 40 cases and NOCs in 38 out of 41 cases. In the remaining nine cases, the first device was unsuitable or embolized and required retrieval and replacement with another device. Eleven patients (9.5%) developed vascular complications and required anticoagulation therapy. Patients who had hemolysis or vascular complications remained longer in the intensive care unit, with consequently higher total cost (P = 0.016). Also, the need for a second device increased the cost per patient.

Conclusions:

The cook detachable coil is the most cost-effective device for closure of small-to medium-sized PDAs. Calculations of the incremental cost-effectiveness. (ICE) revealed that the Cook detachable coil had less ICE than the ADO II and NOC. The NOC was more effective with fewer complications.

Percutaneous closure of patent ductus arteriosus in children using amplatzer duct occluder II: relationship between PDA type and risk of device protrusion into the descending aorta

OBJECTIVES

To compare the efficacy and safety of Amplatzer Duct Occluder II (ADOII) among the various patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) types, and to assess the association between development of aortic obstruction and the PDA type in terms of measurable parameters as the device angulation and distance of upper end protrusion into the aortic lumen.

METHODS

Retrospective cohort study involving 50 consecutive subjects who underwent ADO II device closure of PDA.

RESULTS

The median age and weight at intervention were 13 months (5.5 months to 18 years) and 11 (6-67) kg respectively. The median smallest ductal diameter by angiography was 3.2 (1.9-5.4) mm. Thirty two patients had type A PDA, 5 had type C, 5 had type D, and 8 had type E. Residual shunt was seen in only 1 patient who had a tubular PDA and resolved within 2 months of the procedure. No device embolization or pulmonary side protrusion were noted. There was a 16% aortic protrusion rate. The median distance of protrusion of the upper end of the device into the aortic lumen was 3.1 (0-9) mm and the median angle formed between the aortic end of the device and the PDA take-off was 10.4 (0-80.6) degrees. These latter parameters of aortic obstruction were significantly higher in the non-conical PDA group as compared to the conical PDA. Nevertheless, there was no significant coarctation due to aortic retention disc protrusion.

CONCLUSION

Device closure of PDA using the ADO II is a safe procedure for chosen types of PDA. We demonstrated a novel technique for objective assessment of device protrusion into the descending aorta based on measurable parameters. ADOII device closure of non-conical PDAs warrants closer follow ups.

[Percutaneous closure of the patent ductus arteriosus in children with the Amplatzer Duct Occluder II]

INTRODUCTION

In the last decades, several devices have been used for the percutaneous closure of patent ductus arteriosus, with its own limitations and risks. The Amplatzer Duct Occluder II has been designed to overcome those limitations and reduce risks.

OBJECTIVE

We described our initial series of patients who underwent percutaneous closure of patent ductus arteriosus with the Amplatzer Duct Occluder II, emphasis on the technical aspects of the procedure.

METHODS

We reviewed the clinical records of 9 patients with patent ductus arteriosus who underwent percutaneous closure with the Amplatzer Duct Occluder II. Median age was 24 months (range 8-51 months) and the median weight was 10.7kg (range 6-16.3kg). The minimal ductus arteriosus diameter was 2.7mm (1-5mm).

RESULTS

Implantation was successful in all cases. The devices most commonly used (33.3%) were the dimensions 4-4mm (3 patients), in 2 patients were used 3-4mm and in the rest of the patients were employed occluder other sizes. Four cases showed slight residual flow immediately after implantation. Total closure was achieved in 24h in 8 of 9 patients (89%). There was no embolization of the occluder or deaths during the procedure and we only observed one minor complication.

CONCLUSIONS

The Amplatzer Duct Occluder II in this series was effective in 89% of the patients at 24hs after the procedure and 100% follow-up. The implantation was safe and no major complications were observed. The occlusion rate is comparable to those reported for the Amplatzer Duct Occluder I.

Catheterization therapy vs surgical closure in pediatric patients with patent ductus arteriosus: a meta-analysis

BACKGROUND

Patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) remains a common congenital heart disease in pediatric patients, and the new trend of catheterization therapy is still associated with some potential risks and complications.

HYPOTHESIS

Compared with surgical closure, the clinical effect of catheterization therapy in pediatric PDA patients requires meta-analysis.

METHODS

A systematic literature search of PubMed, Cochrane Library, Embase, Science Citation Index, Web of Science, and the Chinese Biomedicine literature database was conducted. Eligible studies included controlled trials of pediatric PDA patients receiving catheterization therapy vs surgical closure. Relative risks (RRs), standard mean differences, and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated and heterogeneity was assessed with the I(2) test.

RESULTS

Seven studies with a total of 810 patients met the inclusion criteria. Catheterization therapy neither significantly increased the primary success rate (RR: 0.92, 95% CI: 0.82-1.03, P = 0.16) nor reduced the total postprocedure complications (RR: 0.74, 95% CI: 0.44-1.25, P = 0.26) and blood transfusion (RR: 1.10, 95% CI: 0.16-7.67, P = 0.93). Catheterization was associated with a statistically significant increase in residual shunts (RR: 5.19, 95% CI: 1.41-19.20, P = 0.01) and reduction in length of hospital stay (standard mean difference: -1.66, 95% CI: -2.65 to -0.67, P = 0.001).

CONCLUSIONS

Catheterization therapy in pediatric PDA patients did not show a significant advantage in primary success rate, total complications, or blood transfusion, but it was associated with increase in residual shunts and reduction in length of hospital stay.

Percutaneous closure of a moderate to large tubular or elongated patent ductus arteriosus in children younger than 3 years: is the ADO II appropriate?

Protrusion of the Amplatzer duct occluder (ADO) II device into the aortic isthmus or the pulmonary artery causing obstruction and residual flow has been reported, but the same has not been widely studied in small children with a patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) anatomy not considered suitable for closure with the ADO I device. This study aimed to report the safety and efficacy of the ADO II device in children younger than 3 years with a tubular or elongated PDA and to analyze the possible reasons for residual flow in children with such a PDA. In this study, 17 children younger than 3 years (mean age, 10.3 ± 7 months; mean weight, 6 ± 3.6 kg) underwent attempted closure of a tubular or elongated PDA (mean diameter at the narrowest point, 4.1 ± 1.1 mm) with the ADO II device between July 2010 and July 2012. Of the 17 patients, 16 (2 boys and 14 girls) completed the follow-up evaluation. A complete echocardiographic evaluation was performed on all the patients before PDA closure and at the follow-up visit, and the results were compared with those of previous published studies. Of the 16 patients, the 15 who completed the follow-up evaluation had successful device closure (1 device embolization). Residual flow was present in six patients immediately after deployment, which was reduced to three patients at the last follow-up visit. Five of nine patients closed with a 6-mm-long device had residual flow compared with only one of seven patients closed with a 4-mm-long device. After device closure, significant elevations of the left and right pulmonary artery velocities occurred in three and two patients, respectively; in 12 patients, descending thoracic aortic (DTA) velocities increased mildly. There was trend toward a fall in the elevated pressures at the last follow-up visit, although one patient had an elevation in right pulmonary artery velocity at last the follow-up echocardiogram compared with the echocardiogram immediately after closure. Hence, in children younger than 3 years with or without pulmonary arterial hypertension, closure of a PDA not amenable to closure with the ADO I device is feasible using the ADO II device, with an increased incidence of clinically nonsignificant complications. Selection of device dimensions according to the manufacturer's recommendation may not be the optimal strategy.

Transcatheter closure of the patent ductus arteriosus: an intention to treat analysis

BACKGROUND

In patients with patent ductus arteriosus (PDA), transcatheter closure is the current procedure of choice. There are multiple devices available with limited current comparative data and varied recommendations for device selection.

OBJECTIVE

To assess the efficacy and safety of the Flipper coil (FC) and the Amplatzer Duct Occluder (ADO).

METHODS

An intention to treat analysis of all children admitted to the catheter laboratory at a single institution for occlusion of PDA from 2003 to 2011 was performed. Patient and device selection were determined by the treating physician. Standard techniques for FC and ADO implantation were used.

RESULTS

Two hundred and twenty eight children with median weight of 14.2 kg (range; 5.5-68 kg) underwent cardiac catheterisation, with successful occlusion in 96.2% of patients when attempted. In 16 patients, median angiographic PDA diameter of 0.8 mm (range; 0.4-1.2 mm), was considered too small to warrant closure. Eight patients with large PDA's underwent surgical ligation. FC was successfully used in 70 (34.3%) and ADO in 134 (66.7%) patients. ADO patients were smaller (P=0.004) with larger PDA's (P<0.0001) than the FC group. Median fluoroscopy time was longer for ADO patients (10.1 min vs 8.0 min; P<0.0001). ADO had a lower embolisation rate (0% vs 6.6%; P=0.005) and a higher complete occlusion rate at follow-up (100% vs 73.4%; P<0.0001). Length of hospital admission decreased with time in both groups.

CONCLUSION

Transcatheter closure of the PDA has a high degree of safety and efficacy. This study suggests that the ADO may be the device of first choice in the current era.