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Leancă SA, Crișu D, Petriș AO, Afrăsânie I, Genes A, Costache AD, Tesloianu DN, Costache II. Left Ventricular Remodeling after Myocardial Infarction: From Physiopathology to Treatment. LIFE (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:life12081111. [PMID: 35892913 PMCID: PMC9332014 DOI: 10.3390/life12081111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Revised: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Myocardial infarction (MI) is the leading cause of death and morbidity worldwide, with an incidence relatively high in developed countries and rapidly growing in developing countries. The most common cause of MI is the rupture of an atherosclerotic plaque with subsequent thrombotic occlusion in the coronary circulation. This causes cardiomyocyte death and myocardial necrosis, with subsequent inflammation and fibrosis. Current therapies aim to restore coronary flow by thrombus dissolution with pharmaceutical treatment and/or intravascular stent implantation and to counteract neurohormonal activation. Despite these therapies, the injury caused by myocardial ischemia leads to left ventricular remodeling; this process involves changes in cardiac geometry, dimension and function and eventually progression to heart failure (HF). This review describes the pathophysiological mechanism that leads to cardiac remodeling and the therapeutic strategies with a role in slowing the progression of remodeling and improving cardiac structure and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabina Andreea Leancă
- Department of Cardiology, Emergency Clinical Hospital “Sf. Spiridon”, Bd. Independentei nr. 1, 700111 Iasi, Romania; (S.A.L.); (A.O.P.); (I.A.); (A.G.); (D.N.T.); (I.I.C.)
| | - Daniela Crișu
- Department of Cardiology, Emergency Clinical Hospital “Sf. Spiridon”, Bd. Independentei nr. 1, 700111 Iasi, Romania; (S.A.L.); (A.O.P.); (I.A.); (A.G.); (D.N.T.); (I.I.C.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +40-745-264-550
| | - Antoniu Octavian Petriș
- Department of Cardiology, Emergency Clinical Hospital “Sf. Spiridon”, Bd. Independentei nr. 1, 700111 Iasi, Romania; (S.A.L.); (A.O.P.); (I.A.); (A.G.); (D.N.T.); (I.I.C.)
- Department of Internal Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Str. University nr. 16, 700083 Iasi, Romania;
| | - Irina Afrăsânie
- Department of Cardiology, Emergency Clinical Hospital “Sf. Spiridon”, Bd. Independentei nr. 1, 700111 Iasi, Romania; (S.A.L.); (A.O.P.); (I.A.); (A.G.); (D.N.T.); (I.I.C.)
| | - Antonia Genes
- Department of Cardiology, Emergency Clinical Hospital “Sf. Spiridon”, Bd. Independentei nr. 1, 700111 Iasi, Romania; (S.A.L.); (A.O.P.); (I.A.); (A.G.); (D.N.T.); (I.I.C.)
| | - Alexandru Dan Costache
- Department of Internal Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Str. University nr. 16, 700083 Iasi, Romania;
- Department of Cardiovascular Rehabilitation, Clinical Rehabilitation Hospital, 700661 Iasi, Romania
| | - Dan Nicolae Tesloianu
- Department of Cardiology, Emergency Clinical Hospital “Sf. Spiridon”, Bd. Independentei nr. 1, 700111 Iasi, Romania; (S.A.L.); (A.O.P.); (I.A.); (A.G.); (D.N.T.); (I.I.C.)
| | - Irina Iuliana Costache
- Department of Cardiology, Emergency Clinical Hospital “Sf. Spiridon”, Bd. Independentei nr. 1, 700111 Iasi, Romania; (S.A.L.); (A.O.P.); (I.A.); (A.G.); (D.N.T.); (I.I.C.)
- Department of Internal Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Str. University nr. 16, 700083 Iasi, Romania;
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Daud E, Ertracht O, Bandel N, Moady G, Shehadeh M, Reuveni T, Atar S. The impact of empagliflozin on cardiac physiology and fibrosis early after myocardial infarction in non-diabetic rats. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2021; 20:132. [PMID: 34215277 PMCID: PMC8254247 DOI: 10.1186/s12933-021-01322-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Myocardial fibrosis is a multistep process, which results in collagen deposition in the injured muscle. Empagliflozin, a sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor (SGLT2i), decreases cardiovascular events risk. Little is known on the effects of empagliflozin in non-diabetic patients early post myocardial infarction. METHODS Fourteen non-diabetic rats underwent myocardial infarction induction, and treated or not (control)immediately after myocardial infarction by daily empagliflozin (30 mg/kg/day). We evaluated cardiac function at baseline, 2 and 4 weeks after myocardial infarction by echocardiography, and prior to sacrifice by Millar pressure-volume system. We performed histological and biochemical evaluation of fibrosis and humoral factors promoting fibrosis. RESULTS Baseline ejection fractions were 69.9 ± 5.3% and 76.4 ± 5.4%, and dropped to final values of 40.1 ± 5.8% and 39.4 ± 5.4% in the control and empagliflozin groups, respectively (P < 0.001 vs. baseline, P > 0.05 between groups). Collagen deposition, measured as collagen volume fraction, was higher in both the scar and the remote cardiac areas of the control group 79.1 ± 6.2% and 4.6 ± 2.5% for control, and 53.8 ± 5.4% and 2.5 ± 1.3% for empagliflozin group, respectively (P < 0.05 for each). Remote cardiac muscle collagen, measured by hydroxyproline, was 4.1 ± 0.4 μg/μl and 3.6 ± 0.2 μg/μl (P = 0.07). TGF-β1 and Smad3 expression decreased by empagliflozin-18.73 ± 16.32%, 9.16 ± 5.69% and 16.32 ± 5.4%, 7.00 ± 5.28% in the control and empagliflozin groups, respectively (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION/INTERPRETATION Empagliflozin administered early after myocardial infarction reduce myocardial fibrosis and inhibit the TGF-β1/Smad3 fibrotic pathway, probably prior to exerting any hemodynamic or physiological effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elias Daud
- The Cardiology Department, Galilee Medical Center, P.O. Box 21, 2210001, Nahariya, Israel.
- Eliachar Research Laboratory, Galilee Medical Center, Nahariya, Israel.
| | - Offir Ertracht
- Eliachar Research Laboratory, Galilee Medical Center, Nahariya, Israel
| | - Nadav Bandel
- Eliachar Research Laboratory, Galilee Medical Center, Nahariya, Israel
- Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar-Ilan University, Safed, Israel
| | - Gassan Moady
- The Cardiology Department, Galilee Medical Center, P.O. Box 21, 2210001, Nahariya, Israel
- Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar-Ilan University, Safed, Israel
| | - Monah Shehadeh
- Eliachar Research Laboratory, Galilee Medical Center, Nahariya, Israel
- Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar-Ilan University, Safed, Israel
| | - Tali Reuveni
- Eliachar Research Laboratory, Galilee Medical Center, Nahariya, Israel
| | - Shaul Atar
- The Cardiology Department, Galilee Medical Center, P.O. Box 21, 2210001, Nahariya, Israel
- Eliachar Research Laboratory, Galilee Medical Center, Nahariya, Israel
- Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar-Ilan University, Safed, Israel
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Elkenhans B, Protti A, Shah A, Onthank D, Botnar R. Visualization of elastin using cardiac magnetic resonance imaging after myocardial infarction as inflammatory response. Sci Rep 2021; 11:11004. [PMID: 34040032 PMCID: PMC8155029 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-90092-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the merits of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) using an elastin-binding contrast agent after myocardial infarction in mouse models with deletions of monocyte populations. Permanent ligation of the left anterior descending (LAD) artery was conducted in 10 wild-type mice and 10 each of three knockout models: CX3CR-/-, CCR2-/-, and MCP-1-/-. At 7 days and 30 days after permanent ligation, cardiac MRI was performed with a 7 T-Bruker horizontal scanner for in vivo detection of elastin with an elastin/tropoelastin-specific contrast agent (ESMA). Histology was performed with staining for elastin, collagen I and III, and F4/80. Real-time PCR was conducted to quantify the expression of genes for collagen I and III, F4/80, and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα). Histological and ESMA-indicated elastin areas were strongly correlated (r = 0.8). 30 days after permanent ligation, CCR2-deficient mice demonstrated higher elastin levels in the scar relative to MCP-1-/- (p < 0.04) and wild-type mice (p < 0.02). The ejection fraction was lower in CCR2-deficient mice. In vivo MRI in mouse models of MI can detect elastin deposition after myocardial infarction, highlighting the pivotal role of elastin in myocardial remodeling in mouse models with deletions of monocyte populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Britta Elkenhans
- Department of Cardiology, Pneumology, and Angiology, University Hospital Aachen, Heinrich Heine University Duesseldorf, Moorenstr. 5, 40225, Duesseldorf, Germany.
| | - Andrea Protti
- Harvard Medical School, Department of Imaging, Lurie Family Imaging Center, Boston, USA
| | - Ajay Shah
- Cardiovascular Division, King's College London, London, UK
| | | | - René Botnar
- Cardiovascular Division, King's College London, London, UK
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Tan Z, Jiang X, Zhou W, Deng B, Cai M, Deng S, Xu Y, Ding W, Chen G, Chen R, Zhang S, Zhou Y, Liu B, Zhang J. Taohong siwu decoction attenuates myocardial fibrosis by inhibiting fibrosis proliferation and collagen deposition via TGFBR1 signaling pathway. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 270:113838. [PMID: 33460756 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.113838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Revised: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2021] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Myocardial fibrosis after myocardial infarction (MI) leads to cardiac remodeling and loss of function. Taohong siwu decoction (THSWD), a well-known traditional Chinese medicinal prescription, has been clinically used to treat various cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, but its potential functions in myocardial fibrosis after MI remain uncharacterized. AIM OF THE STUDY The purpose of current study was to explore the potential mechanism action and anti-myocardial fibrosis effects of treatment with THSWD in vivo and in vitro. MATERIALS AND METHODS Mouse underwent ligation of coronary artery to induce MI and divided equally into the sham group, model group and THSWD treatment groups. After 4 weeks, the effects of THSWD treatment on cardiac function were estimated by echocardiography. HE staining was used to detect the pathologic changes and Masson trichrome staining was used to estimate tissue fibrosis. To further explore the regulatory molecular mechanisms of THSWD, transcriptome analysis was performed. Furthermore, in vitro, we investigated the effect of THSWD on cell proliferation and collagen deposition in primary cardiac fibrosis cells and its possible mechanism of action. Overexpression of TGFBR1 was achieved by infection with an adenovirus vector encoding TGFBR1. RESULTS Treatment with THSWD significantly decreased myocardial fibrosis and recovered cardiac function in the post-MI mouse. The transcriptomics data imply that the TGF-β pathway might be a target in the anti-fibrosis effect of THSWD. THSWD inhibits TGF-β1-induced proliferation of primary cardiac fibroblasts. THSWD decreased collagen expression and TGFBR1 and Smad2/3 phosphorylation. Moreover, the inhibitory effect of THSWD on CFs proliferation and collagen deposition, as well as TGFBR1 signaling pathway-associated proteins expression was partially abrogated by overexpression of TGFBR1. CONCLUSION Collectively, the results implicate that THSWD attenuates myocardial fibrosis by inhibiting fibrosis proliferation and collagen deposition via inhibiting TGFBR1, and might be a potential therapeutic agent for treatment of myocardial fibrosis post-MI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhangbin Tan
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Institute of Integration of Traditional and Western Medicine of Guangzhou Medical University, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease), The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510260, China
| | - Xiaoli Jiang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Institute of Integration of Traditional and Western Medicine of Guangzhou Medical University, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease), The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510260, China
| | - Wenyi Zhou
- Guangzhou Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Vascular Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510260, China
| | - Bo Deng
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Institute of Integration of Traditional and Western Medicine of Guangzhou Medical University, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease), The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510260, China
| | - Min Cai
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Institute of Integration of Traditional and Western Medicine of Guangzhou Medical University, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease), The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510260, China
| | - Suihui Deng
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Institute of Integration of Traditional and Western Medicine of Guangzhou Medical University, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease), The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510260, China
| | - Youcai Xu
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Institute of Integration of Traditional and Western Medicine of Guangzhou Medical University, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease), The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510260, China
| | - Wenjun Ding
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Institute of Integration of Traditional and Western Medicine of Guangzhou Medical University, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease), The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510260, China
| | - Guanghong Chen
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Ruixue Chen
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Institute of Integration of Traditional and Western Medicine of Guangzhou Medical University, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease), The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510260, China
| | - Shuangwei Zhang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Institute of Integration of Traditional and Western Medicine of Guangzhou Medical University, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease), The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510260, China
| | - Yingchun Zhou
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China.
| | - Bin Liu
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Institute of Integration of Traditional and Western Medicine of Guangzhou Medical University, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease), The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510260, China.
| | - Jingzhi Zhang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Institute of Integration of Traditional and Western Medicine of Guangzhou Medical University, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease), The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510260, China.
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Procopio MC, Lauro R, Nasso C, Carerj S, Squadrito F, Bitto A, Di Bella G, Micari A, Irrera N, Costa F. Role of Adenosine and Purinergic Receptors in Myocardial Infarction: Focus on Different Signal Transduction Pathways. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9020204. [PMID: 33670488 PMCID: PMC7922652 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9020204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Myocardial infarction (MI) is a dramatic event often caused by atherosclerotic plaque erosion or rupture and subsequent thrombotic occlusion of a coronary vessel. The low supply of oxygen and nutrients in the infarcted area may result in cardiomyocytes necrosis, replacement of intact myocardium with non-contractile fibrous tissue and left ventricular (LV) function impairment if blood flow is not quickly restored. In this review, we summarized the possible correlation between adenosine system, purinergic system and Wnt/β-catenin pathway and their role in the pathogenesis of cardiac damage following MI. In this context, several pathways are involved and, in particular, the adenosine receptors system shows different interactions between its members and purinergic receptors: their modulation might be effective not only for a normal functional recovery but also for the treatment of heart diseases, thus avoiding fibrosis, reducing infarcted area and limiting scaring. Similarly, it has been shown that Wnt/β catenin pathway is activated following myocardial injury and its unbalanced activation might promote cardiac fibrosis and, consequently, LV systolic function impairment. In this regard, the therapeutic benefits of Wnt inhibitors use were highlighted, thus demonstrating that Wnt/β-catenin pathway might be considered as a therapeutic target to prevent adverse LV remodeling and heart failure following MI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Cristina Procopio
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, 98165 Messina, Italy; (M.C.P.); (R.L.); (C.N.); (S.C.); (F.S.); (A.B.); (G.D.B.); (F.C.)
| | - Rita Lauro
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, 98165 Messina, Italy; (M.C.P.); (R.L.); (C.N.); (S.C.); (F.S.); (A.B.); (G.D.B.); (F.C.)
| | - Chiara Nasso
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, 98165 Messina, Italy; (M.C.P.); (R.L.); (C.N.); (S.C.); (F.S.); (A.B.); (G.D.B.); (F.C.)
| | - Scipione Carerj
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, 98165 Messina, Italy; (M.C.P.); (R.L.); (C.N.); (S.C.); (F.S.); (A.B.); (G.D.B.); (F.C.)
| | - Francesco Squadrito
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, 98165 Messina, Italy; (M.C.P.); (R.L.); (C.N.); (S.C.); (F.S.); (A.B.); (G.D.B.); (F.C.)
| | - Alessandra Bitto
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, 98165 Messina, Italy; (M.C.P.); (R.L.); (C.N.); (S.C.); (F.S.); (A.B.); (G.D.B.); (F.C.)
| | - Gianluca Di Bella
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, 98165 Messina, Italy; (M.C.P.); (R.L.); (C.N.); (S.C.); (F.S.); (A.B.); (G.D.B.); (F.C.)
| | - Antonio Micari
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphological and Functional Imaging, University of Messina, A.O.U. Policlinic “G. Martino”, 98165 Messina, Italy;
| | - Natasha Irrera
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, 98165 Messina, Italy; (M.C.P.); (R.L.); (C.N.); (S.C.); (F.S.); (A.B.); (G.D.B.); (F.C.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-090-221-3093; Fax: +39-090-221-23-81
| | - Francesco Costa
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, 98165 Messina, Italy; (M.C.P.); (R.L.); (C.N.); (S.C.); (F.S.); (A.B.); (G.D.B.); (F.C.)
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Effect of Interventions in WNT Signaling on Healing of Cardiac Injury: A Systematic Review. Cells 2021; 10:cells10020207. [PMID: 33494313 PMCID: PMC7912185 DOI: 10.3390/cells10020207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Revised: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The wound healing that follows myocardial infarction is a complex process involving multiple mechanisms, such as inflammation, angiogenesis and fibrosis. In the last two decades, the involvement of WNT signaling has been extensively studied and effects on virtually all aspects of this wound healing have been reported. However, as often is the case in a newly emerging field, inconsistent and sometimes even contradictory findings have been reported. The aim of this systematic review is to provide a comprehensive overview of studies in which the effect of interventions in WNT signaling were investigated in in vivo models of cardiac injury. To this end, we used different search engines to perform a systematic search of the literature using the key words "WNT and myocardial and infarction". We categorized the interventions according to their place in the WNT signaling pathway (ligand, receptor, destruction complex or nuclear level). The most consistent improvements of the wound healing response were observed in studies in which the acylation of WNT proteins was inhibited by administering porcupine inhibitors, by inhibiting of the downstream glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK3β) and by intervening in the β-catenin-mediated gene transcription. Interestingly, in several of these studies, evidence was presented for activation of cardiomyocyte proliferation around the infarct area. These findings indicate that inhibition of WNT signaling can play a valuable role in the repair of cardiac injury, thereby improving cardiac function and preventing the development of heart failure.
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Shrestha S, McFadden MJ, Gramolini AO, Santerre JP. Proteome analysis of secretions from human monocyte-derived macrophages post-exposure to biomaterials and the effect of secretions on cardiac fibroblast fibrotic character. Acta Biomater 2020; 111:80-90. [PMID: 32428683 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2020.04.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2020] [Revised: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 04/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The use of exogenous biomolecules (BM) for the purpose of repairing and regenerating damaged cardiac tissue can yield serious side effects if used for prolonged periods. As well, such strategies can be cost prohibitive depending on the regiment and period of time applied. Alternatively, autologous monocytes/monocyte-derived macrophages (MDM) can provide a viable path towards generating an endogenous source of stimulatory BM. Biomaterials are often considered as delivery vehicles to generate unique profiles of such BM in tissues or to deliver autologous cells, that can influence the nature of BM produced by the cells. MDM cultured on a degradable polar hydrophobic ionic (D-PHI) polyurethane has previously demonstrated a propensity to increase select anti-inflammatory cytokines, and therefore there is good rationale to further investigate a broader spectrum of the cells' BM in order to provide a more complete proteomic analysis of human MDM secretions induced by D-PHI. Further, it is of interest to assess the potential of such BM to influence cells involved in the reparative state of vital tissues such as those that affect cardiac cell function. Hence, this current study examines the proteomic profile of MDM secretions using mass spectrometry for the first time, along with ELISA, following their culture on D-PHI, and compares them to two important reference materials, poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) and tissue culture polystyrene (TCPS). Secretions collected from D-PHI cultured MDM led to higher levels of regenerative BM, AGRN, TGFBI and ANXA5, but lower levels of pro-fibrotic BM, MMP7, IL-1β, IL-6 and TNFα, when compared to MDM secretions collected from PLGA and TCPS. In the application to cardiac cell function, the secretion collected from D-PHI cultured MDM led to more human cardiac fibroblast (HCFs) migration. A lower collagen gel contraction induced by MDM secretions collected from D-PHI was supported by gene array analysis for human fibrosis-related genes. The implication of these findings is that more tailored biomaterials such as D-PHI, may lead to a lower pro-inflammatory phenotype of macrophages when used in cardiac tissue constructs, thereby enabling the development of vehicles for the delivery of interventional therapies, or be applied as coatings for sensor implants in cardiac tissue that minimize fibrosis. The general approach of using synthetic biomaterials in order to induce MDM secretions in a manner that will guide favorable regeneration will be critical in making the choice of biomaterials for tissue regeneration work in the future. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Immune modulation strategies currently applied in cardiac tissue repair are mainly based on the delivery of defined exogenous biomolecules. However, the use of such biomolecules may pose wide ranging systemic effects, thereby rendering them clinically less practical. The chemistry of biomaterials (used as a potential targeted delivery modality to circumvent the broad systemic effects of biomolecules) can not only affect acute and chronic toxicity but also alters the timeframe of the wound healing cascade. In this context, monocytes/monocyte-derive macrophages (MDM) can be harnessed as an immune modulating strategy to promote wound healing by an appropriate choice of the biomaterial. However, there are limited reports on the complete proteome analysis of MDM and their reaction of biomaterial related interventions on cardiac tissues and cells. No studies to date have demonstrated the complete proteome of MDM secretions when these cells were cultured on a non-traditional immune modulatory ionomeric polyurethane D-PHI film. This study demonstrated that MDM cultured on D-PHI expressed significantly higher levels of AGRN, TGFBI and ANXA5 but lower levels of MMP7, IL-1β, IL-6 and TNFα when compared to MDM cultured on a well-established degradable biomaterials in the medical field, e.g. PLGA and TCPS, which are often used as the relative standards for cell culture work in the biomaterials field. The implications of these findings have relevance to the repair of cardiac tissues. In another aspect of the work, human cardiac fibroblasts showed significantly lower contractility (low collagen gel contraction and low levels of ACTA2) when cultured in the presence of MDM secretions collected after culturing them on D-PHI compared to PLGA and TCPS. The findings place emphasis on the importance of making the choice of biomaterials for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine applied to their use in cardiac tissue repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suja Shrestha
- Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1G6, Canada; Translational Biology and Engineering Program and Ted Rogers Centre for Heart Research, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1M1, Canada
| | - Meghan J McFadden
- Translational Biology and Engineering Program and Ted Rogers Centre for Heart Research, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1M1, Canada; Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3G9, Canada
| | - Anthony O Gramolini
- Translational Biology and Engineering Program and Ted Rogers Centre for Heart Research, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1M1, Canada; Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1M8, Canada
| | - J Paul Santerre
- Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1G6, Canada; Translational Biology and Engineering Program and Ted Rogers Centre for Heart Research, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1M1, Canada; Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3G9, Canada.
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Jiang T, You H, You D, Zhang L, Ding M, Yang B. A miR-1275 mimic protects myocardiocyte apoptosis by regulating the Wnt/NF-κB pathway in a rat model of myocardial ischemia-reperfusion-induced myocardial injury. Mol Cell Biochem 2020; 466:129-137. [PMID: 32056105 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-020-03695-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Accepted: 01/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
This study evaluated the cardioprotective effects of a miR-1275 mimic in a rat model of myocardial ischemia-reperfusion (I/R)-induced myocardial injury (MI). Three groups of rats were established: a sham-operated group, a MI group and a MI+miR-1275 group pretreated for 1 week i.p. with a miR-1275 mimic at a concentration of 30 pmol/mL. MI was induced by I/R. The levels of myocardial enzymes in serum were estimated in all rats, together with haemodynamic functions. The effects of the miR-1275 mimic were determined based on the serum concentrations of inflammatory mediators in the treated vs. sham and MI rats. In addition, western blot assay and immunohistochemical analyses were performed to examine the effect of the miR-1275 mimic on the Wnt/NF-kB signalling pathway in MI rats. Treatment with the miR-1275 mimic attenuated the altered levels of myocardial enzymes and haemodynamic functions seen in MI rats. The myocardial infarct was smaller in rats treated with the miR-1275 mimic than in MI rats. The miR-1275 mimic also reduced myocardiocyte apoptosis and ameliorated the altered Wnt/KF-kB pathway. These results demonstrate the efficacy of the miR-1275 mimic in preventing myocardial I/R-induced MI in rats, by regulating the Wnt/NF-κB pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiechao Jiang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130033, China.,Jilin Provincial Precision Medicine Key Laboratory for Cardiovascular Genetic Diagnosis, Changchun, 130033, China
| | - Hong You
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Dong You
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Lirong Zhang
- Depatment of Pathology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130033, China
| | - Mei Ding
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130033, China. .,Jilin Provincial Precision Medicine Key Laboratory for Cardiovascular Genetic Diagnosis, Changchun, 130033, China.
| | - Bin Yang
- Department of Breast Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130033, China
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9
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Karthikeyan B, Sonkawade SD, Pokharel S, Preda M, Schweser F, Zivadinov R, Kim M, Sharma UC. Tagged cine magnetic resonance imaging to quantify regional mechanical changes after acute myocardial infarction. Magn Reson Imaging 2019; 66:208-218. [PMID: 31668928 DOI: 10.1016/j.mri.2019.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2019] [Revised: 08/16/2019] [Accepted: 09/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The conventional volumetric approaches of measuring cardiac function are load-dependent, and are not able to discriminate functional changes in the infarct, transition and remote myocardium. We examined phase-dependent regional mechanical changes in the infarct, transition and remote regions after acute myocardial infarction (MI) in a preclinical mouse model using cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging (CMR). METHODS We induced acute MI in six mice with left anterior descending coronary artery ligation. We then examined cardiac (infarct, transition and remote-zone) morphology and function utilizing 9.4 T high field CMR before and 2 weeks after the induction of acute MI. Myocardial scar tissue was evaluated by using CMR with late gadolinium enhancement (LGE). After determining global function through volumetric analysis, regional wall motion was evaluated by measuring wall thickening and radial velocities. Strain rate imaging was performed to assess circumferential contraction and relaxation at the myocardium, endocardium, and epicardium. RESULTS There was abnormal LGE in the anterior walls after acute MI suggesting a successful MI procedure. The transition zone consisted of a mixed signal intensity, while the remote zone contained viable myocardium. As expected, the infarct zone had demonstrated severely decreased myocardial velocities and strain rates, suggesting reduced contraction and relaxation function. Compared to pre-infarct baseline, systolic and diastolic velocities (vS and vD) were significantly reduced at the transition zone (vS: -1.86 ± 0.16 cm/s vs -0.68 ± 0.13 cm/s, P < 0.001; vD: 1.86 ± 0.17 cm/s vs 0.53 ± 0.06 cm/s, P < 0.001) and remote zone (vS: -1.86 ± 0.16 cm/s vs -0.65 ± 0.12 cm/s, P < 0.001; vD: 1.86 ± 0.16 cm/s vs 0.51 ± 0.04 cm/s, P < 0.001). Myocardial peak systolic and diastolic strain rates (SRS and SRD) were significantly lower in the transition zone (SRS: -4.2 ± 0.3 s-1 vs -1.3 ± 0.2 s-1, P < 0.001; SRD: 3.9 ± 0.3 s-1 vs 1.3 ± 0.2 s-1, P < 0.001) and remote zone (SRS: -3.8 ± 0.3 s-1 vs -1.4 ± 0.3 s-1, P < 0.001; SRD: 3.5 ± 0.2 s-1 vs 1.5 ± 0.4 s-1, P = 0.006). Endocardial and epicardial SRS and SRD were similarly reduced in the transition and remote zones compared to baseline. CONCLUSIONS This study, for the first time, utilized state-of-the art high-field CMR algorithms in a preclinical mouse model for a comprehensive and controlled evaluation of the regional mechanical changes in the transition and remote zones, after acute MI. Our data demonstrate that CMR can quantitatively monitor dynamic post-MI remodeling in the transition and remote zones, thereby serving as a gold standard tool for therapeutic surveillance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Badri Karthikeyan
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Jacob's School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Buffalo, NY, United States of America
| | - Swati D Sonkawade
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Jacob's School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Buffalo, NY, United States of America
| | - Saraswati Pokharel
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, United States of America
| | - Marilena Preda
- Center for Biomedical Imaging at the Clinical and Translational Science Institute, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, United States of America
| | - Ferdinand Schweser
- Center for Biomedical Imaging at the Clinical and Translational Science Institute, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, United States of America
| | - Robert Zivadinov
- Center for Biomedical Imaging at the Clinical and Translational Science Institute, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, United States of America
| | - Minhyung Kim
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, United States of America
| | - Umesh C Sharma
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Jacob's School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Buffalo, NY, United States of America.
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10
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Lopez-Perez A, Sebastian R, Izquierdo M, Ruiz R, Bishop M, Ferrero JM. Personalized Cardiac Computational Models: From Clinical Data to Simulation of Infarct-Related Ventricular Tachycardia. Front Physiol 2019; 10:580. [PMID: 31156460 PMCID: PMC6531915 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.00580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2018] [Accepted: 04/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In the chronic stage of myocardial infarction, a significant number of patients develop life-threatening ventricular tachycardias (VT) due to the arrhythmogenic nature of the remodeled myocardium. Radiofrequency ablation (RFA) is a common procedure to isolate reentry pathways across the infarct scar that are responsible for VT. Unfortunately, this strategy show relatively low success rates; up to 50% of patients experience recurrent VT after the procedure. In the last decade, intensive research in the field of computational cardiac electrophysiology (EP) has demonstrated the ability of three-dimensional (3D) cardiac computational models to perform in-silico EP studies. However, the personalization and modeling of certain key components remain challenging, particularly in the case of the infarct border zone (BZ). In this study, we used a clinical dataset from a patient with a history of infarct-related VT to build an image-based 3D ventricular model aimed at computational simulation of cardiac EP, including detailed patient-specific cardiac anatomy and infarct scar geometry. We modeled the BZ in eight different ways by combining the presence or absence of electrical remodeling with four different levels of image-based patchy fibrosis (0, 10, 20, and 30%). A 3D torso model was also constructed to compute the ECG. Patient-specific sinus activation patterns were simulated and validated against the patient's ECG. Subsequently, the pacing protocol used to induce reentrant VTs in the EP laboratory was reproduced in-silico. The clinical VT was induced with different versions of the model and from different pacing points, thus identifying the slow conducting channel responsible for such VT. Finally, the real patient's ECG recorded during VT episodes was used to validate our simulation results and to assess different strategies to model the BZ. Our study showed that reduced conduction velocities and heterogeneity in action potential duration in the BZ are the main factors in promoting reentrant activity. Either electrical remodeling or fibrosis in a degree of at least 30% in the BZ were required to initiate VT. Moreover, this proof-of-concept study confirms the feasibility of developing 3D computational models for cardiac EP able to reproduce cardiac activation in sinus rhythm and during VT, using exclusively non-invasive clinical data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Lopez-Perez
- Center for Research and Innovation in Bioengineering (Ci2B), Universitat Politècnica de València, Valencia, Spain
| | - Rafael Sebastian
- Computational Multiscale Simulation Lab (CoMMLab), Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain
| | - M Izquierdo
- INCLIVA Health Research Institute, Valencia, Spain.,Arrhythmia Unit, Cardiology Department, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Ricardo Ruiz
- INCLIVA Health Research Institute, Valencia, Spain.,Arrhythmia Unit, Cardiology Department, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Martin Bishop
- Division of Imaging Sciences & Biomedical Engineering, Department of Biomedical Engineering, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jose M Ferrero
- Center for Research and Innovation in Bioengineering (Ci2B), Universitat Politècnica de València, Valencia, Spain
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11
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Barefield DY, McNamara JW, Lynch TL, Kuster DWD, Govindan S, Haar L, Wang Y, Taylor EN, Lorenz JN, Nieman ML, Zhu G, Luther PK, Varró A, Dobrev D, Ai X, Janssen PML, Kass DA, Jones WK, Gilbert RJ, Sadayappan S. Ablation of the calpain-targeted site in cardiac myosin binding protein-C is cardioprotective during ischemia-reperfusion injury. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2019; 129:236-246. [PMID: 30862451 PMCID: PMC7222036 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2019.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2018] [Revised: 03/07/2019] [Accepted: 03/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Cardiac myosin binding protein-C (cMyBP-C) phosphorylation is essential for normal heart function and protects the heart from ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury. It is known that protein kinase-A (PKA)-mediated phosphorylation of cMyBP-C prevents I/R-dependent proteolysis, whereas dephosphorylation of cMyBP-C at PKA sites correlates with its degradation. While sites on cMyBP-C associated with phosphorylation and proteolysis co-localize, the mechanisms that link cMyBP-C phosphorylation and proteolysis during cardioprotection are not well understood. Therefore, we aimed to determine if abrogation of cMyBP-C proteolysis in association with calpain, a calcium-activated protease, confers cardioprotection during I/R injury. Calpain is activated in both human ischemic heart samples and ischemic mouse myocardium where cMyBP-C is dephosphorylated and undergoes proteolysis. Moreover, cMyBP-C is a substrate for calpain proteolysis and cleaved by calpain at residues 272-TSLAGAGRR-280, a domain termed as the calpain-target site (CTS). Cardiac-specific transgenic (Tg) mice in which the CTS motif was ablated were bred into a cMyBP-C null background. These Tg mice were conclusively shown to possess a normal basal structure and function by analysis of histology, electron microscopy, immunofluorescence microscopy, Q-space MRI of tissue architecture, echocardiography, and hemodynamics. However, the genetic ablation of the CTS motif conferred resistance to calpain-mediated proteolysis of cMyBP-C. Following I/R injury, the loss of the CTS reduced infarct size compared to non-transgenic controls. Collectively, these findings demonstrate the physiological significance of calpain-targeted cMyBP-C proteolysis and provide a rationale for studying inhibition of calpain-mediated proteolysis of cMyBP-C as a therapeutic target for cardioprotection.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Y Barefield
- Department of Cell and Molecular Physiology, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL, USA; Center for Genetic Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA.
| | - James W McNamara
- Heart, Lung and Vascular Institute, Division of Cardiovascular Health and Disease, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Thomas L Lynch
- Department of Cell and Molecular Physiology, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL, USA; Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL, USA
| | - Diederik W D Kuster
- Department of Cell and Molecular Physiology, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL, USA; Department of Physiology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Suresh Govindan
- Department of Cell and Molecular Physiology, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL, USA
| | - Lauren Haar
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL, USA
| | - Yang Wang
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL, USA
| | - Erik N Taylor
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - John N Lorenz
- Department of Pharmacology and Systems Physiology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Michelle L Nieman
- Department of Pharmacology and Systems Physiology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Guangshuo Zhu
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Pradeep K Luther
- Molecular Medicine Section, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Andras Varró
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Dobromir Dobrev
- Institute of Pharmacology, West German Heart and Vascular Center, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Xun Ai
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Rush University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Paul M L Janssen
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - David A Kass
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Walter Keith Jones
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL, USA
| | - Richard J Gilbert
- Research Service, Providence VA Medical Center and Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Sakthivel Sadayappan
- Department of Cell and Molecular Physiology, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL, USA; Heart, Lung and Vascular Institute, Division of Cardiovascular Health and Disease, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA.
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12
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Schumacher D, Alampour-Rajabi S, Ponomariov V, Curaj A, Wu Z, Staudt M, Rusu M, Jankowski V, Marx N, Jankowski J, Brandenburg V, Liehn EA, Schuh A. Cardiac FGF23: new insights into the role and function of FGF23 after acute myocardial infarction. Cardiovasc Pathol 2019; 40:47-54. [PMID: 30852297 DOI: 10.1016/j.carpath.2019.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2018] [Revised: 02/05/2019] [Accepted: 02/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We aimed to elucidate the local role of FGF23 after myocardial infarction in a mouse model induced by left anterior descending artery (LAD) ligation. APPROACH AND RESULTS: (C57BL/6 N) mice underwent MI via LAD ligation and were sacrificed at different time-points post MI. The expression and influence of FGF23 on fibroblast and macrophages was also analyzed using isolated murine cells. We identified enhanced cardiac FGF23 mRNA expression in a time-dependent manner with an early increase, already on the first day after MI. FGF23 protein expression was abundantly detected in the infarcted area during the inflammatory phase. While described to be primarily produced in bone or macrophages, we identified cardiac fibroblasts as the only source of local FGF23 production after MI. Inflammatory mediators, such as IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α, were able to induce FGF23 expression in these cardiac fibroblasts. Interestingly, we were not able to detect FGF23 at later time points after MI in mature scar tissue or remote myocardium, most likely due to TGF-β1, which we have shown to inhibit the expression of FGF23. We identified FGFR1c to be the most abundant receptor for FGF23 in infarcted myocardium and cardiac macrophages and fibroblasts. FGF23 increased migration of cardiac fibroblast, as well as expression of Collagen 1, Periostin, Fibronectin and MMP8. FGF23 also increased expression of TGF-β1 in M2 polarized macrophages. CONCLUSION In conclusion, cardiac fibroblasts in the infarcted myocardium produce and express FGF23 as well as its respective receptors in a time-dependent manner, thus potentially influencing resident cell migration. The transitory local expression of FGF23 after MI points towards a complex role of FGF23 in myocardial ischemia and warrants further exploration, considering its role in ventricular remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Schumacher
- Institute for Molecular Cardiovascular Research (IMCAR), RWTH Aachen University, Germany
| | | | - Victor Ponomariov
- Institute for Molecular Cardiovascular Research (IMCAR), RWTH Aachen University, Germany
| | - Adelina Curaj
- Institute for Molecular Cardiovascular Research (IMCAR), RWTH Aachen University, Germany
| | - Zhuojun Wu
- Institute for Molecular Cardiovascular Research (IMCAR), RWTH Aachen University, Germany; Applied System, Craiova, Romania
| | - Mareike Staudt
- Institute for Molecular Cardiovascular Research (IMCAR), RWTH Aachen University, Germany
| | - Mihaela Rusu
- Institute for Molecular Cardiovascular Research (IMCAR), RWTH Aachen University, Germany
| | - Vera Jankowski
- Institute for Molecular Cardiovascular Research (IMCAR), RWTH Aachen University, Germany
| | - Nikolaus Marx
- Department of Cardiology, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Germany
| | - Joachim Jankowski
- Institute for Molecular Cardiovascular Research (IMCAR), RWTH Aachen University, Germany
| | | | - Elisa A Liehn
- Institute for Molecular Cardiovascular Research (IMCAR), RWTH Aachen University, Germany; Department of Cardiology, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Germany; Human Genetic Laboratory, University for Medicine and Pharmacy, Craiova, Romania; National Heart Research Institute Singapore, National Heart Center Singapore, Singapore.
| | - Alexander Schuh
- Department of Cardiology, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Germany.
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13
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Wnt signaling pathways in myocardial infarction and the therapeutic effects of Wnt pathway inhibitors. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2019; 40:9-12. [PMID: 30002488 PMCID: PMC6318317 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-018-0060-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2018] [Accepted: 05/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Myocardial infarction (MI) is one of the most serious health threats, resulting in huge physical and economic burdens worldwide. Wnt signaling pathways play an important role in developmental processes such as tissue patterning, cell differentiation and cell division. Appropriate regulation of the activities of Wnt signaling pathways is also important for heart development and healing in post-MI heart. Moreover, Wnt pathway inhibitors have been identified as novel antitumor drugs and applied in ongoing clinical trials. This research progress has generated increasing interests for investigating the effects of Wnt pathway inhibitors on MI healing. In this short review, we summarize the roles of Wnt signaling pathways in post-MI heart and the therapeutic effects of Wnt pathway inhibitors on MI, and discuss the underlying mechanisms of Wnt pathway inhibitors in cardiac repairing.
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14
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Saporito F, Baugh LM, Rossi S, Bonferoni MC, Perotti C, Sandri G, Black L, Ferrari F. In Situ Gelling Scaffolds Loaded with Platelet Growth Factors to Improve Cardiomyocyte Survival after Ischemia. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2018; 5:329-338. [PMID: 33405861 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.8b01064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Myocardial infarction is caused by prolonged ischemia and it is one of the main cause that leads to heart failures. The aim of the present work was the development of in situ gelling systems, based on poloxamer 407 (P407) or sodium alginate (Alg), loaded with platelet lysate (PL) to enhance cardiomyocyte survival after ischemia. Chondroitin sulfate (CS), a negatively charged glycosaminoglycan able to interact with different positively charged bioactive molecules, such as growth factors, was also investigated with both the systems. The gelation properties of both systems (viscosity, viscoelasticity, consistency by means of penetrometry, and injectability) were characterized in a physiological environment. In vitro evaluation of biocompatibility using fetal cardiac cells (cardiomyocytes and cardiac fibroblasts) demonstrated that the PL loaded alginate/chondroitin sulfate system retained the highest number of viable cells with equal distribution of the populations of cardiomyocytes and fibroblasts. Furthermore, the ability of the systems to improve cardiomyocyte survival after ischemia was also assessed. PL allowed for the highest degree of survival of cardiomyocytes after oxidative damage (simulating ischemic conditions due to MI) and both the Alg + CS PL and, to a greater extent, the PL alone demonstrated a considerable increase in survival of cardiomyocytes. In conclusion, an in situ gelling alginate-chondroitin sulfate system, loaded with platelet lysate, was able to improve the survival of cardiomyocytes after oxidative damage resulting in a promising system to improve cardiac cell viability after ischemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Saporito
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Lauren M Baugh
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, 4 Colby Street, Medford, Massachusetts 02155, United States
| | - Silvia Rossi
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | | | - Cesare Perotti
- Immunohaematology and Transfusion Service, Apheresis and Cell Therapy Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico S. Matteo, Viale Golgi 19, Pavia 27100, Italy
| | - Giuseppina Sandri
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Lauren Black
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, 4 Colby Street, Medford, Massachusetts 02155, United States
| | - Franca Ferrari
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy
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15
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Soppert J, Kraemer S, Beckers C, Averdunk L, Möllmann J, Denecke B, Goetzenich A, Marx G, Bernhagen J, Stoppe C. Soluble CD74 Reroutes MIF/CXCR4/AKT-Mediated Survival of Cardiac Myofibroblasts to Necroptosis. J Am Heart Assoc 2018; 7:e009384. [PMID: 30371153 PMCID: PMC6201423 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.118.009384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2018] [Accepted: 07/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Background Although macrophage migration inhibitory factor ( MIF ) has been demonstrated to mediate cardioprotection in ischemia/reperfusion injury and antagonize fibrotic effects through its receptor, CD 74, the function of the soluble CD 74 receptor ectodomain ( sCD 74) and its interaction with circulating MIF have not been explored in cardiac disease. Methods and Results Cardiac fibroblasts were isolated from hearts of neonatal mice and differentiated into myofibroblasts. Co-treatment with recombinant MIF and sCD 74 induced cell death ( P<0.001), which was mediated by receptor-interacting serine/threonine-protein kinase ( RIP) 1/ RIP 3-dependent necroptosis ( P=0.0376). This effect was specific for cardiac fibroblasts and did not affect cardiomyocytes. Gene expression analyses using microarray and RT - qPCR technology revealed a 4-fold upregulation of several interferon-induced genes upon co-treatment of myofibroblasts with sCD 74 and MIF (Ifi44: P=0.011; Irg1: P=0.022; Clec4e: P=0.011). Furthermore, Western blot analysis confirmed the role of sCD 74 as a modulator of MIF signaling by diminishing MIF -mediated protein kinase B ( AKT) activation ( P=0.0197) and triggering p38 activation ( P=0.0641). We obtained evidence that sCD 74 inhibits MIF -mediated survival pathway through the C-X-C chemokine receptor 4/ AKT axis, enabling the induction of CD 74-dependent necroptotic processes in cardiac myofibroblasts. Preliminary clinical data revealed a lowered sCD 74/ MIF ratio in heart failure patients (17.47±10.09 versus 1.413±0.6244). Conclusions These findings suggest that treatment of cardiac myofibroblasts with sCD 74 and MIF induces necroptosis, offering new insights into the mechanism of myofibroblast depletion during scar maturation. Preliminary clinical data provided first evidence about a clinical relevance of the sCD 74/ MIF axis in heart failure, suggesting that these proteins may be a promising target to modulate cardiac remodeling and disease progression in heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josefin Soppert
- Department of Intensive Care MedicineUniversity HospitalRWTH AachenAachenGermany
- Department of Thoracic, Cardiac and Vascular SurgeryUniversity HospitalRWTH AachenAachenGermany
| | - Sandra Kraemer
- Department of Thoracic, Cardiac and Vascular SurgeryUniversity HospitalRWTH AachenAachenGermany
| | - Christian Beckers
- Department of Thoracic, Cardiac and Vascular SurgeryUniversity HospitalRWTH AachenAachenGermany
| | - Luisa Averdunk
- Department of Intensive Care MedicineUniversity HospitalRWTH AachenAachenGermany
| | - Julia Möllmann
- Department of Cardiology, Pneumology, Angiology and Internal Intensive CareUniversity HospitalRWTH AachenAachenGermany
| | - Bernd Denecke
- Interdisciplinary Center for Clinical Research (IZKF)University HospitalRWTH AachenAachenGermany
| | - Andreas Goetzenich
- Department of Thoracic, Cardiac and Vascular SurgeryUniversity HospitalRWTH AachenAachenGermany
| | - Gernot Marx
- Department of Intensive Care MedicineUniversity HospitalRWTH AachenAachenGermany
| | - Jürgen Bernhagen
- Department of Vascular BiologyInstitute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD)Ludwig‐Maximilians‐University (LMU) MunichMunichGermany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK)partner site Munich Heart AllianceMunichGermany
- Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (EXC 1010 SyNergy)MunichGermany
| | - Christian Stoppe
- Department of Intensive Care MedicineUniversity HospitalRWTH AachenAachenGermany
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16
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Mosleh W, Chaudhari MR, Sonkawade S, Mahajan S, Khalil C, Frodey K, Shah T, Dahal S, Karki R, Katkar R, Blankesteijn WM, Page B, Pokharel S, Kim M, Sharma UC. The Therapeutic Potential of Blocking Galectin-3 Expression in Acute Myocardial Infarction and Mitigating Inflammation of Infarct Region: A Clinical Outcome-Based Translational Study. Biomark Insights 2018; 13:1177271918771969. [PMID: 29769800 PMCID: PMC5946633 DOI: 10.1177/1177271918771969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2017] [Accepted: 03/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Increased galectin-3 is associated with ischemic cardiomyopathy, although its role in early remodeling post-myocardial infarction (MI) has not been fully elucidated. There are no data demonstrating that blocking galectin-3 expression would have an impact on the heart and that its relationship to remodeling is not simply an epiphenomenon. The direct association between galectin-3 and myocardial inflammation, dysfunction, and adverse cardiovascular outcomes post-MI was examined using clinical and translational studies. Methods We performed expression analysis of 9753 genes in murine model of acute MI. For galectin-3 loss of function studies, homozygous galectin-3 knock-out (KO) mice were subjected to coronary artery ligation procedure to induce acute MI (MI, N = 6; Sham, N = 6). For clinical validation, serum galectin-3 levels were measured in 96 patients with ST-elevation MI. Echocardiographic and angiographic parameters of myocardial dysfunction and 3-month composite outcome including mortality, recurrent MI, stroke, and heart failure hospitalization were measured. Results In the infarct regions of murine models, galectin-3 was a robustly expressed gene. Elevated galectin-3 expression strongly correlated with macrophage-mediated genes. Galectin-3 KO mice showed reduced myocardial macrophage infiltration after acute MI. Galectin-3 levels were higher in patients with early systolic dysfunction, and predicted 3-month major adverse cardiovascular events (area under the curve [AUC]: 0.917 ± 0.063; P = .001). Conclusions Galectin-3 is directly associated with early myocardial inflammation post-MI and may represent a potential target for therapeutic inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wassim Mosleh
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Milind R Chaudhari
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Swati Sonkawade
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Supriya Mahajan
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Charl Khalil
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Kevin Frodey
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Tanvi Shah
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Suraj Dahal
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Roshan Karki
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Rujuta Katkar
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | | | - Brian Page
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Saraswati Pokharel
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Minhyung Kim
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Umesh C Sharma
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA.,Division of Cardiovascular Medicine and Clinical and Translational Research Center, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
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Wang Z, Zhang J, Fan G, Zhao H, Wang X, Zhang J, Zhang P, Wang W. Imaging transparent intact cardiac tissue with single-cell resolution. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2018; 9:423-436. [PMID: 29552383 PMCID: PMC5854048 DOI: 10.1364/boe.9.000423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2017] [Revised: 12/11/2017] [Accepted: 12/18/2017] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
We developed a new method, SUT (Scheme Update on tissue Transparency), to view cardiac microstructures and unveil the molecular changes underlying cardiac diseases. SUT is an effective method to clear whole-hearts from different species. Over the course of 4 - 6 days we obtained transparent whole-layer left ventricular tissues from mice with only an approximate 1% protein loss. In addition, EAL (Electrophoretic Antibody Labeling) was used to achieve fast antibody labeling by electric force, which significantly reduced antibody incubation time from days to hours. SUT, together with EAL and modern imaging techniques, were successfully used to visualize three-dimensional spatial distribution of various molecules in cardiac tissue. We also observed changes in the number and phenotypes of fibroblasts during post-myocardial infarction in a stereoscopic pattern. We believe that our technique opens a new avenue to explore the mechanisms underlying cardiac diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiwei Wang
- Cardiovascular Surgery Department, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, 167 Beilishi Road, Beijing, 100037, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Cardiovascular Surgery Department, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, 167 Beilishi Road, Beijing, 100037, China
| | - Guangpu Fan
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Peking University People’s Hospital, 11 Xizhimen South Road, Beijing, 100044, China
| | - Hui Zhao
- Cardiovascular Surgery Department, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, 167 Beilishi Road, Beijing, 100037, China
| | - Xu Wang
- Cardiovascular Surgery Department, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, 167 Beilishi Road, Beijing, 100037, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Cardiovascular Surgery Department, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, 167 Beilishi Road, Beijing, 100037, China
| | - Peide Zhang
- Cardiovascular Surgery Department, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, 167 Beilishi Road, Beijing, 100037, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Cardiovascular Surgery Department, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, 167 Beilishi Road, Beijing, 100037, China
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18
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Foulquier S, Daskalopoulos EP, Lluri G, Hermans KCM, Deb A, Blankesteijn WM. WNT Signaling in Cardiac and Vascular Disease. Pharmacol Rev 2018; 70:68-141. [PMID: 29247129 PMCID: PMC6040091 DOI: 10.1124/pr.117.013896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 216] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
WNT signaling is an elaborate and complex collection of signal transduction pathways mediated by multiple signaling molecules. WNT signaling is critically important for developmental processes, including cell proliferation, differentiation and tissue patterning. Little WNT signaling activity is present in the cardiovascular system of healthy adults, but reactivation of the pathway is observed in many pathologies of heart and blood vessels. The high prevalence of these pathologies and their significant contribution to human disease burden has raised interest in WNT signaling as a potential target for therapeutic intervention. In this review, we first will focus on the constituents of the pathway and their regulation and the different signaling routes. Subsequently, the role of WNT signaling in cardiovascular development is addressed, followed by a detailed discussion of its involvement in vascular and cardiac disease. After highlighting the crosstalk between WNT, transforming growth factor-β and angiotensin II signaling, and the emerging role of WNT signaling in the regulation of stem cells, we provide an overview of drugs targeting the pathway at different levels. From the combined studies we conclude that, despite the sometimes conflicting experimental data, a general picture is emerging that excessive stimulation of WNT signaling adversely affects cardiovascular pathology. The rapidly increasing collection of drugs interfering at different levels of WNT signaling will allow the evaluation of therapeutic interventions in the pathway in relevant animal models of cardiovascular diseases and eventually in patients in the near future, translating the outcomes of the many preclinical studies into a clinically relevant context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sébastien Foulquier
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands (S.F., K.C.M.H., W.M.B.); Recherche Cardiovasculaire (CARD), Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique (IREC), Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium (E.P.D.); Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, David Geffen School of Medicine (G.L., A.D.); and Department of Molecular Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California (A.D.)
| | - Evangelos P Daskalopoulos
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands (S.F., K.C.M.H., W.M.B.); Recherche Cardiovasculaire (CARD), Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique (IREC), Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium (E.P.D.); Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, David Geffen School of Medicine (G.L., A.D.); and Department of Molecular Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California (A.D.)
| | - Gentian Lluri
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands (S.F., K.C.M.H., W.M.B.); Recherche Cardiovasculaire (CARD), Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique (IREC), Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium (E.P.D.); Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, David Geffen School of Medicine (G.L., A.D.); and Department of Molecular Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California (A.D.)
| | - Kevin C M Hermans
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands (S.F., K.C.M.H., W.M.B.); Recherche Cardiovasculaire (CARD), Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique (IREC), Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium (E.P.D.); Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, David Geffen School of Medicine (G.L., A.D.); and Department of Molecular Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California (A.D.)
| | - Arjun Deb
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands (S.F., K.C.M.H., W.M.B.); Recherche Cardiovasculaire (CARD), Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique (IREC), Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium (E.P.D.); Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, David Geffen School of Medicine (G.L., A.D.); and Department of Molecular Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California (A.D.)
| | - W Matthijs Blankesteijn
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands (S.F., K.C.M.H., W.M.B.); Recherche Cardiovasculaire (CARD), Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique (IREC), Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium (E.P.D.); Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, David Geffen School of Medicine (G.L., A.D.); and Department of Molecular Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California (A.D.)
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19
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Abstract
Background Cardiac fibrosis occurs because of disruption of the extracellular matrix network leading to myocardial dysfunction. Angiotensin II has been implicated in the development of cardiac fibrosis. Recently, microRNAs have been identified as an attractive target for therapeutic intervention in cardiac pathologies; however, the underlying mechanism of microRNAs in cardiac fibrosis remains unclear. MicroRNA‐130a (miR‐130a) has been shown to participate in angiogenesis and cardiac arrhythmia; however, its role in cardiac fibrosis is unknown. Methods and Results In this study, we found that miR‐130a was significantly upregulated in angiotensin II‐infused mice. The in vivo inhibition of miR‐130a by locked nucleic acid– based anti‐miR‐130a in mice significantly reduced angiotensin II‐induced cardiac fibrosis. Upregulation of miR‐130a was confirmed in failing human hearts. Overexpressing miR‐130a in cardiac fibroblasts promoted profibrotic gene expression and myofibroblasts differentiation, and the inhibition of miR‐130a reversed the processes. Using the constitutive and dominant negative constructs of peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor γ 3‐′untranslated region (UTR), data revealed that the protective mechanism was associated with restoration of peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor γ level leading to the inhibition of angiotensin II‐induced cardiac fibrosis. Conclusions Our findings provide evidence that miR‐130a plays a critical role in cardiac fibrosis by directly targeting peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor γ. We conclude that inhibition of miR‐130a would be a promising strategy for the treatment of cardiac fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Li
- Department of Medical Physiology, Texas A & M Health Science Center, Central Texas Veterans Health Care System, Temple, TX.,Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Kelsey R Bounds
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Internal Medicine, Baylor Scott White Health, Temple, TX
| | - Piyali Chatterjee
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Internal Medicine, Baylor Scott White Health, Temple, TX
| | - Sudhiranjan Gupta
- Department of Medical Physiology, Texas A & M Health Science Center, Central Texas Veterans Health Care System, Temple, TX
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20
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Herum KM, Choppe J, Kumar A, Engler AJ, McCulloch AD. Mechanical regulation of cardiac fibroblast profibrotic phenotypes. Mol Biol Cell 2017; 28:1871-1882. [PMID: 28468977 PMCID: PMC5541838 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e17-01-0014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2017] [Revised: 04/25/2017] [Accepted: 04/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiac fibroblasts are essential for beneficial myocardial healing but also cause detrimental adverse remodeling following myocardial infarction. The mechanical properties of the infarcted myocardium and border regions display temporal and spatial characteristics that regulate different aspects of the profibrotic cardiac fibroblast phenotypes. Cardiac fibrosis is a serious condition currently lacking effective treatments. It occurs as a result of cardiac fibroblast (CFB) activation and differentiation into myofibroblasts, characterized by proliferation, extracellular matrix (ECM) production and stiffening, and contraction due to the expression of smooth muscle α-actin. The mechanical properties of myocardium change regionally and over time after myocardial infarction (MI). Although mechanical cues are known to activate CFBs, it is unclear which specific mechanical stimuli regulate which specific phenotypic trait; thus we investigated these relationships using three in vitro models of CFB mechanical activation and found that 1) paracrine signaling from stretched cardiomyocytes induces CFB proliferation under mechanical conditions similar to those of the infarct border region; 2) direct stretch of CFBs mimicking the mechanical environment of the infarct region induces a synthetic phenotype with elevated ECM production; and 3) progressive matrix stiffening, modeling the mechanical effects of infarct scar maturation, causes smooth muscle α-actin fiber formation, up-regulation of collagen I, and down-regulation of collagen III. These findings suggest that myocyte stretch, fibroblast stretch, and matrix stiffening following MI may separately regulate different profibrotic traits of activated CFBs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kate M Herum
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093 .,Institute for Experimental Medical Research, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, 0450 Oslo, Norway
| | - Jonas Choppe
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
| | - Aditya Kumar
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
| | - Adam J Engler
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093.,Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, La Jolla, CA 92093
| | - Andrew D McCulloch
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093.,Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
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21
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Awada HK, Long DW, Wang Z, Hwang MP, Kim K, Wang Y. A single injection of protein-loaded coacervate-gel significantly improves cardiac function post infarction. Biomaterials 2017; 125:65-80. [PMID: 28231509 PMCID: PMC5405736 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2017.02.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2016] [Revised: 02/09/2017] [Accepted: 02/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
After myocardial infarction (MI), the heart undergoes fibrotic pathological remodeling instead of repair and regeneration. With multiple pathologies developing after MI, treatment using several proteins is expected to address this range of pathologies more effectively than a single-agent therapy. A factorial design of experiments study guided us to combine three complementary factors in one injection: tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases-3 (TIMP-3) was embedded in a fibrin gel for signaling in the initial phase of the treatment, while basic fibroblast growth factor (FGF-2) and stromal cell-derived factor 1-alpha (SDF-1α) were embedded in heparin-based coacervates for sustained release and distributed within the same fibrin gel to exert their effects over a longer period. The gel was then tested in a rat model of myocardial infarction. Contractility of rat hearts treated with the protein coacervate-gel composite stabilized and slightly improved after the first week while contractility continued to decrease in rats treated with free proteins or saline over the 8 week study period. Hearts receiving the protein coacervate-gel composite treatment also exhibited reduced ventricular dilation, inflammation, fibrosis, and extracellular matrix (ECM) degradation. Revascularization, cardiomyocyte preservation, stem cell homing, and increased myocardial strain likely all contributed to the repair. This study demonstrates the potential of a multifactorial therapeutic approach in MI, using three complementary proteins delivered sequentially for comprehensive healing. The study also shows the necessity of controlled delivery for growth factors and cytokines to be an effective treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- H K Awada
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA; McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA
| | - D W Long
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA; McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA
| | - Z Wang
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - M P Hwang
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA; McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA
| | - K Kim
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA; McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA; Heart and Vascular Institute, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center (UPMC), Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA; Center for Ultrasound Molecular Imaging and Therapeutics, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, PA 15260, USA
| | - Y Wang
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA; Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA; Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA; Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA; McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA; Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA; Clinical and Translational Science Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA.
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22
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Ma Y, Iyer RP, Jung M, Czubryt MP, Lindsey ML. Cardiac Fibroblast Activation Post-Myocardial Infarction: Current Knowledge Gaps. Trends Pharmacol Sci 2017; 38:448-458. [PMID: 28365093 DOI: 10.1016/j.tips.2017.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2017] [Revised: 03/05/2017] [Accepted: 03/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
In response to myocardial infarction (MI), the wound healing response of the left ventricle (LV) comprises overlapping inflammatory, proliferative, and maturation phases, and the cardiac fibroblast is a key cell type involved in each phase. It has recently been appreciated that, early post-MI, fibroblasts transform to a proinflammatory phenotype and secrete cytokines and chemokines as well as matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs). Later post-MI, fibroblasts are activated to anti-inflammatory and proreparative phenotypes and generate anti-inflammatory and proangiogenic factors and extracellular matrix (ECM) components that form the infarct scar. Additional studies are needed to systematically examine how fibroblast activation shifts over the timeframe of the MI response and how modulation at different activation stages could alter wound healing and LV remodeling in distinct ways. This review summarizes current fibroblast knowledge as the foundation for a discussion of existing knowledge gaps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonggang Ma
- Mississippi Center for Heart Research, Department of Biophysics and Physiology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
| | - Rugmani Padmanabhan Iyer
- Mississippi Center for Heart Research, Department of Biophysics and Physiology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
| | - Mira Jung
- Mississippi Center for Heart Research, Department of Biophysics and Physiology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
| | - Michael P Czubryt
- St Boniface Hospital Albrechtsen Research Centre Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Merry L Lindsey
- Mississippi Center for Heart Research, Department of Biophysics and Physiology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA; Research Service, G.V. (Sonny) Montgomery Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA.
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23
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Stylianidis V, Hermans KCM, Blankesteijn WM. Wnt Signaling in Cardiac Remodeling and Heart Failure. Handb Exp Pharmacol 2017; 243:371-393. [PMID: 27838851 DOI: 10.1007/164_2016_56] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Wnt signaling plays an essential role during development, but is also activated in diseases as diverse as neurodegeneration, osteoporosis, and cancer. Accumulating evidence demonstrates that Wnt signaling is also activated during cardiac remodeling and heart failure. In this chapter, we will provide a brief overview of Wnt signaling in all its complexity. Then we will discuss the evidence for its involvement in the development of cardiac hypertrophy, the wound healing after myocardial infarction (MI) and heart failure. Finally, we will provide an overview of the drugs that are available to target Wnt signaling at different levels of the signaling cascade and the results of these pharmacological interventions in cardiac disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasili Stylianidis
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Kevin C M Hermans
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - W Matthijs Blankesteijn
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
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24
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Sharma UC, Mosleh W, Chaudhari MR, Katkar R, Weil B, Evelo C, Cimato TR, Pokharel S, Blankesteijn WM, Suzuki G. Myocardial and Serum Galectin-3 Expression Dynamics Marks Post-Myocardial Infarction Cardiac Remodelling. Heart Lung Circ 2016; 26:736-745. [PMID: 28094123 DOI: 10.1016/j.hlc.2016.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2016] [Revised: 10/11/2016] [Accepted: 11/13/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acute myocardial infarction (MI) causes significant changes in cardiac morphology and function. Galectin-3 is a novel and potentially therapeutically important mediator of cardiac remodelling. Myocardial and serum galectin-3 expression dynamics in response to the early cardiovascular outcomes after acute MI are not fully elucidated. METHODS We first performed a comprehensive longitudinal microarray analyses in mice after acute MI. We then measured the serum levels of galectin-3 in a translational porcine model of coronary microembolism-induced post-ischaemic cardiac remodelling. We validated our pre-clinical studies in humans by measuring serum galectin-3 levels of 52 patients with acute ST-elevation MI (STEMI) and 11 healthy controls. We analysed galectin-3 data in relation to the development of major adverse cardiovascular outcomes (MACO). RESULTS Of the 9,753 genes profiled at infarcted and remote myocardium at eight different time points, dynamic myocardial overexpression of galectin-3 mRNA was detected. In a pig model of diffuse myocardial damage and cardiac remodelling, galectin-3 localised to the areas of tissue damage and myocardial fibrosis, with proportionate increase of their serum galectin-3 expression levels. In humans, increased serum galectin-3 level was associated with in-hospital MACO. CONCLUSIONS In this translational study, we demonstrated that galectin-3 is dynamically overexpressed in response to acute MI-induced cardiac remodelling. Elevated galectin-3 levels are associated with the development of in-hospital MACO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Umesh C Sharma
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA.
| | - Wassim Mosleh
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Milind R Chaudhari
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Rujuta Katkar
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Brian Weil
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Chris Evelo
- Department of Bioinformatics-BiGCaT, University of Maastricht, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Thomas R Cimato
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Saraswati Pokharel
- Department of Pathology and Oncology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | | | - Gen Suzuki
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
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25
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Paracrine Effects of Adipose-Derived Stem Cells on Matrix Stiffness-Induced Cardiac Myofibroblast Differentiation via Angiotensin II Type 1 Receptor and Smad7. Sci Rep 2016; 6:33067. [PMID: 27703175 PMCID: PMC5050447 DOI: 10.1038/srep33067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2016] [Accepted: 08/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) hold great promise in cardiac fibrosis therapy, due to their potential ability of inhibiting cardiac myofibroblast differentiation (a hallmark of cardiac fibrosis). However, the mechanism involved in their effects remains elusive. To explore this, it is necessary to develop an in vitro cardiac fibrosis model that incorporates pore size and native tissue-mimicking matrix stiffness, which may regulate cardiac myofibroblast differentiation. In the present study, collagen coated polyacrylamide hydrogel substrates were fabricated, in which the pore size was adjusted without altering the matrix stiffness. Stiffness is shown to regulate cardiac myofibroblast differentiation independently of pore size. Substrate at a stiffness of 30 kPa, which mimics the stiffness of native fibrotic cardiac tissue, was found to induce cardiac myofibroblast differentiation to create in vitro cardiac fibrosis model. Conditioned medium of hMSCs was applied to the model to determine its role and inhibitory mechanism on cardiac myofibroblast differentiation. It was found that hMSCs secrete hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) to inhibit cardiac myofibroblast differentiation via downregulation of angiotensin II type 1 receptor (AT1R) and upregulation of Smad7. These findings would aid in establishment of the therapeutic use of hMSCs in cardiac fibrosis therapy in future.
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26
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Azevedo A, Prado A, Issa J, Gerlach R. Matrix metalloproteinase 2 fused to GFP, expressed in E. coli, successfully tracked MMP-2 distribution in vivo. Int J Biol Macromol 2016; 89:737-45. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2016.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2016] [Revised: 05/03/2016] [Accepted: 05/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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27
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Hervas A, Ruiz-Sauri A, Gavara J, Monmeneu JV, de Dios E, Rios-Navarro C, Perez-Sole N, Perez I, Monleon D, Morales JM, Minana G, Nunez J, Bonanad C, Diaz A, Vila JM, Chorro FJ, Bodi V. A Multidisciplinary Assessment of Remote Myocardial Fibrosis After Reperfused Myocardial Infarction in Swine and Patients. J Cardiovasc Transl Res 2016; 9:321-33. [DOI: 10.1007/s12265-016-9698-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2016] [Accepted: 05/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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28
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Awada HK, Johnson LA, Hitchens TK, Foley LM, Wang Y. Factorial Design of Experiments to Optimize Multiple Protein Delivery for Cardiac Repair. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2016; 2:879-886. [PMID: 33440484 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.6b00146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Myocardial infarction (MI) is a major cardiovascular disease responsible for millions of deaths annually. Protein therapies can potentially repair and regenerate the infarcted myocardium. However, because of the short half-lives of proteins in vivo, their low retention at the target tissue, and the lack of spatiotemporal cues upon injection, the efficacy of protein therapy can be limited. This efficacy can be improved by utilizing controlled release systems to overcome shortcomings associated with a direct bolus injection. Equally important is the determination of an optimal combination of different proteins having distinct roles in cardiac function and repairs to prevent or reverse the multiple pathologies that develop after infarction. In this work, we used a rat MI model to test a combination of potentially complementary proteins: tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases 3 (TIMP-3), interleukin-10 (IL-10), basic fibroblast growth factor (FGF-2), and stromal cell-derived factor 1 alpha (SDF-1α). To achieve controlled and timed release of the proteins per their physiologic cues during proper tissue repair, we used a fibrin gel-coacervate composite. TIMP-3 and IL-10 were encapsulated in fibrin gel to offer early release, while FGF-2 and SDF-1α were encapsulated in heparin-based coacervates and distributed in the same fibrin gel to offer sustained release. We utilized a powerful statistical tool, factorial design of experiments (DOE), to refine this protein combination based on its improvement of ejection fraction 4 weeks after MI. We found that TIMP-3, FGF-2, and SDF-1α demonstrated significant contributions toward improving the ejection fraction, while the IL-10's effect was insignificant. The results also suggested that the higher doses tested for TIMP-3, FGF-2, and SDF-1α had greater benefit on function than lower doses and that there existed slight antagonism between TIMP-3 and FGF-2. Taken together, we conclude that factorial DOE can guide the evolution of multiple protein therapies in a small number of runs, saving time, money, and resources for finding the optimal dose and composition.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Louis A Johnson
- SnapDat Inc., 733 West Foster Avenue, State College, Pennsylvania 16801, United States
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29
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Abstract
Wnt signaling encompasses multiple and complex signaling cascades and is involved in many developmental processes such as tissue patterning, cell fate specification, and control of cell division. Consequently, accurate regulation of signaling activities is essential for proper embryonic development. Wnt signaling is mostly silent in the healthy adult organs but a reactivation of Wnt signaling is generally observed under pathological conditions. This has generated increasing interest in this pathway from a therapeutic point of view. In this review article, the involvement of Wnt signaling in cardiovascular development will be outlined, followed by its implication in myocardial infarct healing, cardiac hypertrophy, heart failure, arrhythmias, and atherosclerosis. The initial experiments not always offer consensus on the effects of activation or inactivation of the pathway, which may be attributed to (i) the type of cardiac disease, (ii) timing of the intervention, and (iii) type of cells that are targeted. Therefore, more research is needed to determine the exact implication of Wnt signaling in the conditions mentioned above to exploit it as a powerful therapeutic target.
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30
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Awada HK, Hwang MP, Wang Y. Towards comprehensive cardiac repair and regeneration after myocardial infarction: Aspects to consider and proteins to deliver. Biomaterials 2016; 82:94-112. [PMID: 26757257 PMCID: PMC4872516 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2015.12.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2015] [Revised: 12/15/2015] [Accepted: 12/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Ischemic heart disease is a leading cause of death worldwide. After the onset of myocardial infarction, many pathological changes take place and progress the disease towards heart failure. Pathologies such as ischemia, inflammation, cardiomyocyte death, ventricular remodeling and dilation, and interstitial fibrosis, develop and involve the signaling of many proteins. Proteins can play important roles in limiting or countering pathological changes after infarction. However, they typically have short half-lives in vivo in their free form and can benefit from the advantages offered by controlled release systems to overcome their challenges. The controlled delivery of an optimal combination of proteins per their physiologic spatiotemporal cues to the infarcted myocardium holds great potential to repair and regenerate the heart. The effectiveness of therapeutic interventions depends on the elucidation of the molecular mechanisms of the cargo proteins and the spatiotemporal control of their release. It is likely that multiple proteins will provide a more comprehensive and functional recovery of the heart in a controlled release strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hassan K Awada
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA; McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA
| | - Mintai P Hwang
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA; McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA
| | - Yadong Wang
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA; Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA; Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA; Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA; McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA; Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA; Clinical and Translational Science Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA.
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Rog-Zielinska EA, Norris RA, Kohl P, Markwald R. The Living Scar – Cardiac Fibroblasts and the Injured Heart. Trends Mol Med 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molmed.2015.12.006 order by 1-- -] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
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Rog-Zielinska EA, Norris RA, Kohl P, Markwald R. The Living Scar – Cardiac Fibroblasts and the Injured Heart. Trends Mol Med 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molmed.2015.12.006 and 1880=1880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
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Rog-Zielinska EA, Norris RA, Kohl P, Markwald R. The Living Scar – Cardiac Fibroblasts and the Injured Heart. Trends Mol Med 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molmed.2015.12.006 order by 8029-- -] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
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UM206, a selective Frizzled antagonist, attenuates adverse remodeling after myocardial infarction in swine. J Transl Med 2016; 96:168-76. [PMID: 26658451 DOI: 10.1038/labinvest.2015.139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2015] [Revised: 07/27/2015] [Accepted: 08/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Modulation of Wnt/Frizzled signaling with UM206 reduced infarct expansion and prevented heart failure development in mice, an effect that was accompanied by increased myofibroblast presence in the infarct, suggesting that Wnt/Frizzled signaling has a key role in cardiac remodeling following myocardial infarction (MI). This study investigated the effects of modulation of Wnt/Frizzled signaling with UM206 in a swine model of reperfused MI. For this purpose, seven swine with MI were treated with continuous infusion of UM206 for 5 weeks. Six control swine were treated with vehicle. Another eight swine were sham-operated. Cardiac function was determined by echo in awake swine. Infarct mass was estimated at baseline by heart-specific fatty acid-binding protein ELISA and at follow-up using planimetry. Components of Wnt/Frizzled signaling, myofibroblast presence, and extracellular matrix were measured at follow-up with qPCR and/or histology. Results show that UM206 treatment resulted in a significant decrease in infarct mass compared with baseline (-41±10%), whereas infarct mass remained stable in the Control-MI group (+3±17%). Progressive dilation of the left ventricle occurred in the Control-MI group between 3 and 5 weeks after MI, while adverse remodeling was halted in the UM206-treated group. mRNA expression for Frizzled-4 and the Frizzled co-receptor LRP5 was increased in UM206-treated swine as compared with Control-MI swine. Myofibroblast presence was significantly lower in infarcted tissue of the UM206-treated animals (1.53±0.43% vs 3.38±0.61%) at 5 weeks follow-up. This study demonstrates that UM206 treatment attenuates adverse remodeling in a swine model of reperfused MI, indicating that Wnt/Frizzled signaling is a promising target to improve infarct healing and limit post-MI remodeling.
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Rog-Zielinska EA, Norris RA, Kohl P, Markwald R. The Living Scar – Cardiac Fibroblasts and the Injured Heart. Trends Mol Med 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molmed.2015.12.006 order by 8029-- awyx] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
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Rog-Zielinska EA, Norris RA, Kohl P, Markwald R. The Living Scar – Cardiac Fibroblasts and the Injured Heart. Trends Mol Med 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molmed.2015.12.006 order by 1-- gadu] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
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37
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Rog-Zielinska EA, Norris RA, Kohl P, Markwald R. The Living Scar – Cardiac Fibroblasts and the Injured Heart. Trends Mol Med 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molmed.2015.12.006 order by 1-- #] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
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38
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Rog-Zielinska EA, Norris RA, Kohl P, Markwald R. The Living Scar – Cardiac Fibroblasts and the Injured Heart. Trends Mol Med 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molmed.2015.12.006 order by 8029-- #] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
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39
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Rog-Zielinska EA, Norris RA, Kohl P, Markwald R. The Living Scar--Cardiac Fibroblasts and the Injured Heart. Trends Mol Med 2016; 22:99-114. [PMID: 26776094 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmed.2015.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2015] [Revised: 12/16/2015] [Accepted: 12/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Cardiac scars, often dubbed 'dead tissue', are very much alive, with heterocellular activity contributing to the maintenance of structural and mechanical integrity following heart injury. To form a scar, non-myocytes such as fibroblasts are recruited from intra- and extra-cardiac sources. Fibroblasts perform important autocrine and paracrine signaling functions. They also establish mechanical and, as is increasingly evident, electrical junctions with other cells. While fibroblasts were previously thought to act simply as electrical insulators, they may be electrically connected among themselves and, under some circumstances, to other cells including cardiomyocytes. A better understanding of these biophysical interactions will help to target scar structure and function, and will facilitate the development of novel therapies aimed at modifying scar properties for patient benefit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva A Rog-Zielinska
- Institute for Experimental Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany; National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Russell A Norris
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Peter Kohl
- Institute for Experimental Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany; National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK.
| | - Roger Markwald
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
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Liu H, Liu A, Shi C, Li B. Curcumin suppresses transforming growth factor-β1-induced cardiac fibroblast differentiation via inhibition of Smad-2 and p38 MAPK signaling pathways. Exp Ther Med 2016; 11:998-1004. [PMID: 26998027 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2016.2969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2014] [Accepted: 12/10/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The differentiation of cardiac fibroblasts (CFs) into myofibroblasts and the subsequent deposition of the extracellular matrix is associated with myocardial fibrosis following various types of myocardial injury. In the present study, the effect of curcumin, which is a pharmacologically-safe natural compound from the Curcuma longa herb, on transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1-induced CFs was investigated, and the underlying molecular mechanisms were examined. The expression levels of α-smooth muscle actin (SMA) stress fibers were investigated using western blotting and immunofluorescence in cultured neonatal rat CFs. Protein and mRNA expression levels of α-SMA and collagen type I (ColI) were determined by western blotting and reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction. In addition, the activation of Smad2 and p38 was examined using western blotting. Curcumin, SB431542 (a TGF-βR-Smad2 inhibitor) and SB203580 (a p38 inhibitor) were used to inhibit the stimulation by TGF-β1. The results demonstrated that the TGF-β1-induced expression of α-SMA and ColI was suppressed by curcumin at the mRNA and protein levels, while SB431542 and SB203580 induced similar effects. Furthermore, phosphorylated Smad-2 and p38 were upregulated in TGF-β1-induced CFs, and these effects were substantially inhibited by curcumin administration. In conclusion, the results of the present study demonstrated that treatment with curcumin effectively suppresses TGF-β1-induced CF differentiation via Smad-2 and p38 signaling pathways. Thus, curcumin may be a potential therapeutic agent for the treatment of cardiac fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huzi Liu
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Shanxi Cardiovascular Hospital, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030024, P.R. China
| | - Aijun Liu
- Pediatric Heart Center, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100029, P.R. China
| | - Chunli Shi
- Outpatient Department, Shanxi Cardiovascular Hospital, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030024, P.R. China
| | - Bao Li
- Department of Cardiology, Shanxi Cardiovascular Hospital, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030024, P.R. China
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Piccoli MT, Bär C, Thum T. Non-coding RNAs as modulators of the cardiac fibroblast phenotype. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2016; 92:75-81. [PMID: 26764220 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2015.12.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2015] [Revised: 12/22/2015] [Accepted: 12/24/2015] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Cardiac fibroblasts represent one of the most frequent cell type in the heart of rodents and humans and alterations of their phenotype have a great impact on cardiac function. Due to aging, ischemic injuries, valvular dysfunctions, hypertension and aortic stenosis, multiple signals trigger the accumulation of extracellular matrix in the cardiac interstitium and perivascular space, leading to structural and functional detrimental changes in the heart. Cardiac fibroblasts are the principal orchestrators of matrix formation and degradation and indirectly regulate cardiac hypertrophy and inflammation. Understanding the molecular bases of their action could provide tools for the treatment of cardiac remodeling. This review summarizes recent evidences on non-coding RNAs, including microRNAs and long non-coding RNAs that modulate the phenotype of cardiac fibroblasts and may serve in the future as targets for novel therapeutic strategies against cardiac fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria-Teresa Piccoli
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Therapeutic Strategies, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Christian Bär
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Therapeutic Strategies, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Thomas Thum
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Therapeutic Strategies, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.
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Daskalopoulos EP, Dufeys C, Beauloye C, Bertrand L, Horman S. AMPK in Cardiovascular Diseases. EXPERIENTIA SUPPLEMENTUM (2012) 2016; 107:179-201. [PMID: 27812981 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-43589-3_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
This chapter summarizes the implication of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) in the regulation of various physiological and pathological cellular events of great importance for the maintenance of cardiac function. These include the control of both metabolic and non-metabolic elements targeting the different cellular components of the cardiac tissue, i.e., cardiomyocytes, fibroblasts, and vascular cells. The description of the multifaceted action of the two AMPK catalytic isoforms, α1 and α2, emphasizes the general protective action of this protein kinase against the development of critical pathologies like myocardial ischemia, cardiac hypertrophy, diabetic cardiomyopathy, and heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evangelos P Daskalopoulos
- Université catholique de Louvain, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Pole of Cardiovascular Research, Brussels, Belgium.,Cardiovascular Research (Care) Institute, Athens, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Cécile Dufeys
- Université catholique de Louvain, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Pole of Cardiovascular Research, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Christophe Beauloye
- Université catholique de Louvain, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Pole of Cardiovascular Research, Brussels, Belgium.,Division of Cardiology, Cliniques universitaires Saint-Luc, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Luc Bertrand
- Université catholique de Louvain, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Pole of Cardiovascular Research, Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Sandrine Horman
- Université catholique de Louvain, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Pole of Cardiovascular Research, Brussels, Belgium
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Nicolini G, Forini F, Kusmic C, Pitto L, Mariani L, Iervasi G. Early and Short-term Triiodothyronine Supplementation Prevents Adverse Postischemic Cardiac Remodeling: Role of Transforming Growth Factor-β1 and Antifibrotic miRNA Signaling. Mol Med 2015; 21:900-911. [PMID: 26623926 DOI: 10.2119/molmed.2015.00140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2015] [Accepted: 11/23/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Activation of transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1 signaling in the ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injured myocardium leads to dysregulation of miR-29-30-133, favoring the profibrotic process that leads to adverse cardiac remodeling (CR). We have previously shown that timely correction of the postischemic low-T3 syndrome (Low-T3S) exerts antifibrotic effects, but the underlying molecular players are still unknown. Here we hypothesize that a prompt, short-term infusion of T3 in a rat model of post I/R Low-T3S could hamper the early activation of the TGFβ1-dependent profibrotic cascade to confer long-lasting cardioprotection against adverse CR. Twenty-four hours after I/R, rats that developed the Low-T3S were randomly assigned to receive a 48-h infusion of 6 μg/kg/d T3 (I/R-L+T3) or saline (I/R-L) and sacrificed at 3 or 14 d post-I/R. Three days post-I/R, Low-T3S correction favored functional cardiac recovery. This effect was paralleled by a drop in TGFβ1 and increased miR-133a, miR-30c and miR-29c in the infarcted myocardium. Consistently, connective transforming growth factor (CTGF) and matrix metalloproteinase-2(MMP-2), validated targets of the above miRNAs, were significantly reduced. Fourteen days post-I/R, the I/R-L+T3 rats presented a significant reduction of scar size with a better preservation of cardiac performance and LV chamber geometry. At this time, TGFβ1 and miR-29c levels were in the normal range in both groups, whereas miR-30c-133a, MMP-2 and CTGF remained significantly altered in the I/R group. In conclusion, the antifibrotic effect exerted by T3 in the early phase of postischemic wound healing triggers a persistent cardioprotective response that hampers the progression of heart dysfunction and adverse CR.
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Altara R, Manca M, Sabra R, Eid AA, Booz GW, Zouein FA. Temporal cardiac remodeling post-myocardial infarction: dynamics and prognostic implications in personalized medicine. Heart Fail Rev 2015; 21:25-47. [PMID: 26498937 DOI: 10.1007/s10741-015-9513-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Despite dramatic improvements in short-term mortality rates following myocardial infarction (MI), long-term survival for MI patients who progress to heart failure remains poor. MI occurs when the left ventricle (LV) is deprived of oxygen for a sufficient period of time to induce irreversible necrosis of the myocardium. The LV response to MI involves significant tissue, cellular, and molecular level modifications, as well as substantial hemodynamic changes that feedback negatively to amplify the response. Inflammation to remove necrotic myocytes and fibroblast activation to form a scar are key wound healing responses that are highly variable across individuals. Few biomarkers of early remodeling stages are currently clinically adopted. The discovery of underlying pathophysiological mechanisms and associated novel biomarkers has the potential of improving prognostic capability and therapeutic monitoring. Combining these biomarkers with other prominent ones could constitute a powerful diagnostic and prognostic tool that directly reflects the pathophysiological remodeling of the LV. Understanding temporal remodeling at the tissue, cellular, and molecular level and its link to a well-defined set of biomarkers at early stages post-MI is a prerequisite for improving personalized care and devising more successful therapeutic interventions. Here we summarize the integral mechanisms that occur during early cardiac remodeling in the post-MI setting and highlight the most prominent biomarkers for assessing disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raffaele Altara
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA.,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
| | - Marco Manca
- DG-DI, Medical Applications, CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Ramzi Sabra
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Assaad A Eid
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - George W Booz
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
| | - Fouad A Zouein
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA. .,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon.
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Richardson WJ, Clarke SA, Quinn TA, Holmes JW. Physiological Implications of Myocardial Scar Structure. Compr Physiol 2015; 5:1877-909. [PMID: 26426470 DOI: 10.1002/cphy.c140067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 165] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Once myocardium dies during a heart attack, it is replaced by scar tissue over the course of several weeks. The size, location, composition, structure, and mechanical properties of the healing scar are all critical determinants of the fate of patients who survive the initial infarction. While the central importance of scar structure in determining pump function and remodeling has long been recognized, it has proven remarkably difficult to design therapies that improve heart function or limit remodeling by modifying scar structure. Many exciting new therapies are under development, but predicting their long-term effects requires a detailed understanding of how infarct scar forms, how its properties impact left ventricular function and remodeling, and how changes in scar structure and properties feed back to affect not only heart mechanics but also electrical conduction, reflex hemodynamic compensations, and the ongoing process of scar formation itself. In this article, we outline the scar formation process following a myocardial infarction, discuss interpretation of standard measures of heart function in the setting of a healing infarct, then present implications of infarct scar geometry and structure for both mechanical and electrical function of the heart and summarize experiences to date with therapeutic interventions that aim to modify scar geometry and structure. One important conclusion that emerges from the studies reviewed here is that computational modeling is an essential tool for integrating the wealth of information required to understand this complex system and predict the impact of novel therapies on scar healing, heart function, and remodeling following myocardial infarction.
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Affiliation(s)
- William J Richardson
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA.,Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Samantha A Clarke
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - T Alexander Quinn
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Jeffrey W Holmes
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA.,Department of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA.,Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
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Zhao X, Hua Y, Chen H, Yang H, Zhang T, Huang G, Fan H, Tan Z, Huang X, Liu B, Zhou Y. Aldehyde dehydrogenase-2 protects against myocardial infarction-related cardiac fibrosis through modulation of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. Ther Clin Risk Manag 2015; 11:1371-81. [PMID: 26392772 PMCID: PMC4574798 DOI: 10.2147/tcrm.s88297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Aldehyde dehydrogenase-2 (ALDH2) has a protective effect on ischemic heart disease. Here, we examined the protective effects of ALDH2 on cardiac fibrosis through modulation of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway in a rat model of myocardial infarction (MI). Methods Wistar rats were divided into the sham (control), MI (model), and ALDH2 activator (Alda-1) groups. After 10 days of treatment, the left ventricular (LV) remodeling parameters of each animal were evaluated by echocardiography. Myocardial fibrosis was evaluated by Masson’s trichrome staining and Sirius Red staining. Expression levels of collagen types I and III and α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) were examined. Finally, the expression and activity of ALDH2 and the levels of several Wnt-related proteins and genes, such as phosphoglycogen synthase kinase (GSK)-3β, GSK-3β, β-catenin, Wnt-1, WNT1-inducible signaling-pathway protein 1, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, were also analyzed. Results After MI, the heart weight/body weight ratio, LV dimension at end diastole, and LV dimension at end systole were decreased, while the LV ejection fraction and LV fractional shortening were increased in the Alda-1 group. Myocardial fibrosis was also reduced in the Alda-1 group, accompanied by decreased expression collagen types I and III and α-SMA. β-Catenin, phosphorylated GSK-3β, and Wnt-1 levels were significantly increased in the model group. Interestingly, this alteration was partly reversed by Alda-1 treatment. Immunohistochemical staining showed that numerous WNT1-inducible signaling-pathway protein 1 (WISP-1)- and TNF-α-positive cells were found in the model group. However, few WISP-1- and TNF-α-positive cells were detected in the Alda-1 group. Conclusion The reduction of cardiac fibrosis and the down-regulation of β-catenin, phosphorylated GSK-3β, Wnt-1, and WISP-1 may be mediated by increased ALDH2 activity, leading to reduction of MI-related cardiac fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinjun Zhao
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangdong, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China ; Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangdong, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yue Hua
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangdong, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China ; Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangdong, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongmei Chen
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangdong, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China ; Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangdong, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Haiyu Yang
- Jiangmen Wuyi Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Guangdong, Jiangmen, People's Republic of China
| | - Tao Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangdong, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China ; Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangdong, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Guiqiong Huang
- Huizhou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Huizhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Huijie Fan
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangdong, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China ; Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangdong, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhangbin Tan
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangdong, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China ; Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangdong, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaofang Huang
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangdong, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China ; Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangdong, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Bin Liu
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangdong, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yingchun Zhou
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangdong, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China ; Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangdong, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
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González-Santamaría J, Villalba M, Busnadiego O, López-Olañeta MM, Sandoval P, Snabel J, López-Cabrera M, Erler JT, Hanemaaijer R, Lara-Pezzi E, Rodríguez-Pascual F. Matrix cross-linking lysyl oxidases are induced in response to myocardial infarction and promote cardiac dysfunction. Cardiovasc Res 2015; 109:67-78. [PMID: 26260798 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvv214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2015] [Accepted: 07/31/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS After myocardial infarction (MI), extensive remodelling of the extracellular matrix contributes to scar formation. While aiming to preserve tissue integrity, this fibrotic response is also associated with adverse events, including a markedly increased risk of heart failure, ventricular arrhythmias, and sudden cardiac death. Cardiac fibrosis is characterized by extensive deposition of collagen and also by increased stiffness as a consequence of enhanced collagen cross-linking. Members of the lysyl oxidase (LOX) family of enzymes are responsible for the formation of collagen cross-links. This study investigates the contribution of LOX family members to the heart response to MI. METHODS AND RESULTS Experimental MI was induced in C57BL/6 mice by permanent ligation of the left anterior descending coronary artery. The expression of LOX isoforms (LOX and LOXL1-4) was strongly increased upon MI, and this response was accompanied by a significant accumulation of mature collagen fibres in the infarcted area. LOX expression was observed in areas of extensive remodelling, partially overlapping with α-smooth muscle actin-expressing myofibroblasts. Tumour growth factor-β as well as hypoxia-activated pathways contributed to the induction of LOX expression in cardiac fibroblasts. Finally, in vivo post-infarction treatment with the broadband LOX inhibitor β-aminopropionitrile or, selectively, with a neutralizing antibody against the canonical LOX isoform attenuated collagen accumulation and maturation and also resulted in reduced ventricular dilatation and improved cardiac function. CONCLUSION LOX family members contribute significantly to the detrimental effects of cardiac remodelling, highlighting LOX inhibition as a potential therapeutic strategy for post-infarction recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- José González-Santamaría
- Centro de Biología Molecular 'Severo Ochoa', Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Nicolás Cabrera 1, Madrid E28049, Spain
| | - María Villalba
- Myocardial Pathophysiology Area, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC), Melchor Fernández Almagro 3, Madrid E28029, Spain
| | - Oscar Busnadiego
- Centro de Biología Molecular 'Severo Ochoa', Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Nicolás Cabrera 1, Madrid E28049, Spain
| | - Marina M López-Olañeta
- Myocardial Pathophysiology Area, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC), Melchor Fernández Almagro 3, Madrid E28029, Spain
| | - Pilar Sandoval
- Centro de Biología Molecular 'Severo Ochoa', Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Nicolás Cabrera 1, Madrid E28049, Spain
| | | | - Manuel López-Cabrera
- Centro de Biología Molecular 'Severo Ochoa', Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Nicolás Cabrera 1, Madrid E28049, Spain
| | - Janine T Erler
- Biotech Research and Innovation Centre (BRIC), University of Copenhagen (UCPH), Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Enrique Lara-Pezzi
- Myocardial Pathophysiology Area, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC), Melchor Fernández Almagro 3, Madrid E28029, Spain
| | - Fernando Rodríguez-Pascual
- Centro de Biología Molecular 'Severo Ochoa', Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Nicolás Cabrera 1, Madrid E28049, Spain
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48
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Interacting resident epicardium-derived fibroblasts and recruited bone marrow cells form myocardial infarction scar. J Am Coll Cardiol 2015; 65:2057-66. [PMID: 25975467 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2015.03.520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2014] [Revised: 02/04/2015] [Accepted: 03/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although efforts continue to find new therapies to regenerate infarcted heart tissue, knowledge of the cellular and molecular mechanisms involved remains poor. OBJECTIVES This study sought to identify the origin of cardiac fibroblasts (CFs) in the infarcted heart to better understand the pathophysiology of ventricular remodeling following myocardial infarction (MI). METHODS Permanent genetic tracing of epicardium-derived cell (EPDC) and bone marrow-derived blood cell (BMC) lineages was established using Cre/LoxP technology. In vivo gene and protein expression studies, as well as in vitro cell culture assays, were developed to characterize EPDC and BMC interaction and properties. RESULTS EPDCs, which colonize the cardiac interstitium during embryogenesis, massively differentiate into CFs after MI. This response is disease-specific, because angiotensin II-induced pressure overload does not trigger significant EPDC fibroblastic differentiation. The expansion of epicardial-derived CFs follows BMC infiltration into the infarct site; the number of EPDCs equals that of BMCs 1 week post-infarction. BMC-EPDC interaction leads to cell polarization, packing, massive collagen deposition, and scar formation. Moreover, epicardium-derived CFs display stromal properties with respect to BMCs, contributing to the sustained recruitment of circulating cells to the damaged zone and the cardiac persistence of hematopoietic progenitors/stem cells after MI. CONCLUSIONS EPDCs, but not BMCs, are the main origin of CFs in the ischemic heart. Adult resident EPDC contribution to the CF compartment is time- and disease-dependent. Our findings are relevant to the understanding of post-MI ventricular remodeling and may contribute to the development of new therapies to treat this disease.
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Yong KW, Li Y, Huang G, Lu TJ, Safwani WKZW, Pingguan-Murphy B, Xu F. Mechanoregulation of cardiac myofibroblast differentiation: implications for cardiac fibrosis and therapy. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2015; 309:H532-42. [PMID: 26092987 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00299.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2015] [Accepted: 06/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Cardiac myofibroblast differentiation, as one of the most important cellular responses to heart injury, plays a critical role in cardiac remodeling and failure. While biochemical cues for this have been extensively investigated, the role of mechanical cues, e.g., extracellular matrix stiffness and mechanical strain, has also been found to mediate cardiac myofibroblast differentiation. Cardiac fibroblasts in vivo are typically subjected to a specific spatiotemporally changed mechanical microenvironment. When exposed to abnormal mechanical conditions (e.g., increased extracellular matrix stiffness or strain), cardiac fibroblasts can undergo myofibroblast differentiation. To date, the impact of mechanical cues on cardiac myofibroblast differentiation has been studied both in vitro and in vivo. Most of the related in vitro research into this has been mainly undertaken in two-dimensional cell culture systems, although a few three-dimensional studies that exist revealed an important role of dimensionality. However, despite remarkable advances, the comprehensive mechanisms for mechanoregulation of cardiac myofibroblast differentiation remain elusive. In this review, we introduce important parameters for evaluating cardiac myofibroblast differentiation and then discuss the development of both in vitro (two and three dimensional) and in vivo studies on mechanoregulation of cardiac myofibroblast differentiation. An understanding of the development of cardiac myofibroblast differentiation in response to changing mechanical microenvironment will underlie potential targets for future therapy of cardiac fibrosis and failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kar Wey Yong
- Bioinspired Engineering and Biomechanics Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, People's Republic of China; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; and
| | - YuHui Li
- Bioinspired Engineering and Biomechanics Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, People's Republic of China; The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, People's Republic of China
| | - GuoYou Huang
- Bioinspired Engineering and Biomechanics Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, People's Republic of China; The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, People's Republic of China
| | - Tian Jian Lu
- Bioinspired Engineering and Biomechanics Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, People's Republic of China
| | | | - Belinda Pingguan-Murphy
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; and
| | - Feng Xu
- Bioinspired Engineering and Biomechanics Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, People's Republic of China; The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, People's Republic of China
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50
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Ao M, Brewer BM, Yang L, Franco Coronel OE, Hayward SW, Webb DJ, Li D. Stretching fibroblasts remodels fibronectin and alters cancer cell migration. Sci Rep 2015; 5:8334. [PMID: 25660754 PMCID: PMC4321168 DOI: 10.1038/srep08334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2014] [Accepted: 01/13/2015] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Most investigations of cancer-stroma interactions have focused on biochemical signaling effects, with much less attention being paid to biophysical factors. In this study, we investigated the role of mechanical stimuli on human prostatic fibroblasts using a microfluidic platform that was adapted for our experiments and further developed for both repeatable performance among multiple assays and for compatibility with high-resolution confocal microscopy. Results show that mechanical stretching of normal tissue-associated fibroblasts (NAFs) alters the structure of secreted fibronectin. Specifically, unstretched NAFs deposit and assemble fibronectin in a random, mesh-like arrangement, while stretched NAFs produce matrix with a more organized, linearly aligned structure. Moreover, the stretched NAFs exhibited an enhanced capability for directing co-cultured cancer cell migration in a persistent manner. Furthermore, we show that stretching NAFs triggers complex biochemical signaling events through the observation of increased expression of platelet derived growth factor receptor α (PDGFRα). A comparison of these behaviors with those of cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) indicates that the observed phenotypes of stretched NAFs are similar to those associated with CAFs, suggesting that mechanical stress is a critical factor in NAF activation and CAF genesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingfang Ao
- Department of Biological Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN
| | - Bryson M Brewer
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN
| | - Lijie Yang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN
| | - Omar E Franco Coronel
- 1] Department of Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN [2] Department of Urologic Surgery, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN
| | - Simon W Hayward
- 1] Department of Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN [2] Department of Urologic Surgery, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN
| | - Donna J Webb
- 1] Department of Biological Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN [2] Department of Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN
| | - Deyu Li
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN
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