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Oberholzer AE, Doolittle BR. Flourishing, religion, and burnout among caregivers working in pediatric palliative care. Int J Psychiatry Med 2024:912174241229926. [PMID: 38279782 DOI: 10.1177/00912174241229926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Providers working with children who are dying are especially prone to burnout. Encouraging models of human flourishing may mitigate burnout and improve quality of care. However, models of job satisfaction and human flourishing have not been well-described. This project explores factors that promote human flourishing among caregivers working with children in pediatric palliative care in South Africa. METHODS A convenience sample of caregivers working in pediatric palliative care were invited to complete an anonymous, confidential survey comprised of validated instruments. The survey also included open-ended questions to explore opinions and attitudes about satisfaction, struggles, and coping. RESULTS Twenty-nine people from a variety of occupations and work environments completed the survey. The prevalence of burnout was 3/29 (10%). Life satisfaction was associated with private religious activities (P = .38, P < .05), and carrying religion into all aspects of life (P = .44, P < .05). Burnout was not associated with life satisfaction. Qualitative analysis of the open-ended questions revealed the following themes as factors contributing to their joy in work: being able to make a difference, finding meaning and purpose, having a relationship with the children and their families, and with the multi-disciplinary team. The greatest challenges in their work were identified as the lack of resources, challenges within their team, and emotional demands. CONCLUSIONS Despite job stress and working with terminally ill children, several factors were associated with flourishing. These findings are particularly relevant to enhance caregiving in the resource-challenged setting of pediatric palliative care in South Africa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annemarie E Oberholzer
- Department of Christian Spirituality, University of South Africa (UNISA), Pretoria, South Africa
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2
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Gonçalves F, Gaudêncio M. Burnout and quality of life in Portuguese healthcare professionals working in oncology and palliative care-a preliminary study. BMC Palliat Care 2023; 22:155. [PMID: 37833673 PMCID: PMC10571454 DOI: 10.1186/s12904-023-01273-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Palliative care is an approach that improves the quality of life of patients and their families who are facing challenges associated with life-threatening illness, through the prevention and relief of suffering. Palliative care health professionals are considered a risk group for the development of burnout, since they live with severe disease and death, on a daily basis. With this work, the authors intend to evaluate the quality of life and risk of burnout in a group of health professionals, who work in a tertiary hospital dedicated to cancer patients. MATERIAL AND METHODS The authors conducted a quantitative, descriptive, correlational and transversal study on palliative care professionals working with cancer patients. The evaluation protocol used to collect data included a sociodemographic questionnaire, WHO Quality of life Assessment instrument and Maslach Burnout Inventory. Statistical analysis was performed using the SPSS®Statistics program. RESULTS In the sample, there is a predominance of female gender (79,4%) with a mean age of 43,2 ± 10,8 years. The most representative professional group was nursing (47,1%). The sample response rate was 91.9%. Analyzing Maslach Burnout Inventory score, it appears that physicians and nurses have higher levels of exhaustion when compared to the other groups. In relation to quality of life (QoL), it was observed that in all dimensions, there was a homogeneous distribution of responses. It was verified that it was not possible to establish any relationship between the dimensions of burnout and QoL. Thus, the various dimensions behaved independently. DISCUSSION Physicians and nurses had the highest burnout levels in the most dimensions of Burnout score, in which they were followed by the operational assistants, who had moderate scores. Despite hight prevalence of Burnout, there is no correlation between Burnout and quality of life in this population. The perception of QoL is very satisfactory in the sample studied may result from the fact that these individuals have developed adequate self-protection strategies, thus preventing QoL from being affected by Burnout. CONCLUSION Prevention, diagnosis and intervention at burnout level is an important measure to be taken in health organizations, since the consequences that come from the experiences experienced by professionals will be reflected both in the quality of services provided to patients and in the QoL and well-being of professionals. Interventions are needed to promote better coping mechanisms when dealing with stress in this population. After this study, a Burnout Consultation was created at the Institution, to support professionals at risk or already affected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florbela Gonçalves
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal.
- Internal Medicine and Palliative Care Service, Portuguese Institute of Oncology Francisco Gentil Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.
| | - Margarida Gaudêncio
- Internal Medicine and Palliative Care Service, Portuguese Institute of Oncology Francisco Gentil Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
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3
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Rico-Mena P, Güeita-Rodríguez J, Martino-Alba R, Castel-Sánchez M, Palacios-Ceña D. The Emotional Experience of Caring for Children in Pediatric Palliative Care: A Qualitative Study among a Home-Based Interdisciplinary Care Team. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 10:children10040700. [PMID: 37189949 DOI: 10.3390/children10040700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Revised: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/07/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
The healthcare providers caring for children with life-threatening illnesses experience considerable compassion fatigue. The purpose of this study was to describe the feelings and emotions of professionals working in an interdisciplinary pediatric palliative home care team. A qualitative case study was conducted, comprising 18 participants. A purposeful sampling technique approach was used including the home-based interdisciplinary pediatric palliative team. Data were collected via semi-structured interviews and researchers' field notes. A thematic analysis was performed. Two themes emerged: (a) changing life for the better, which described how professionals value life more and helping children and families provides compassion satisfaction, which is comforting and explains their dedication to care; (b) adverse effects of work highlighted the emotional burden of caring for children with life-limiting or life-threatening illnesses, which can affect their job satisfaction and may lead to burnout, showing how experiencing in-hospital child deaths with suffering leads professionals to develop an interest in specializing in pediatric palliative care. Our study provides information on possible causes of emotional distress in professionals caring for children with life-threatening illnesses and highlights strategies that can help them to reduce their distress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Rico-Mena
- Physical Therapy and Health Sciences Research Group, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Department of Physiotherapy, Chiropody and Dance, Universidad Europea de Madrid, 28670 Madrid, Spain
- International Doctorate School, Rey Juan Carlos University, 28008 Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier Güeita-Rodríguez
- Department of Physical Therapy, Occupational Therapy, Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Research Group of Humanities and Qualitative Research in Health Science, Rey Juan Carlos University, 28922 Alcorcón, Spain
| | - Ricardo Martino-Alba
- Pediatric Palliative Care Unit, Hospital Universitario Infantil Niño Jesús, 28009 Madrid, Spain
| | - Marina Castel-Sánchez
- Physical Therapy and Health Sciences Research Group, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Department of Physiotherapy, Chiropody and Dance, Universidad Europea de Madrid, 28670 Madrid, Spain
| | - Domingo Palacios-Ceña
- Department of Physical Therapy, Occupational Therapy, Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Research Group of Humanities and Qualitative Research in Health Science, Rey Juan Carlos University, 28922 Alcorcón, Spain
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4
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Handberg C, Werlauff U. Cross-sectoral collaboration among hospital professionals on rehabilitation for patients with neuromuscular diseases. Neurodegener Dis Manag 2023. [PMID: 36994773 DOI: 10.2217/nmt-2022-0024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Living with a neuromuscular disease often leads to a need for specialized rehabilitation due to the complexity and progression of the diseases. Aim: To investigate cross-sectoral collaboration on rehabilitation for patients with neuromuscular diseases among hospital professionals to inform future targeted rehabilitation services. Patients & methods: The design was qualitative using the interpretive description methodology and the theoretical lens of symbolic interactionism. Ethnographic fieldwork was conducted, and 50 hospital professionals included, 19 of whom were interviewed. Results & conclusion: The results emphasize the importance of relations when collaborating across sectors. The professionals acted and made choices in relation to dilemmas and influences of diagnosis and progression, professional demarcations in multiprofessional teams, and cross-sectoral collaboration toward a mutual goal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Handberg
- National Rehabilitation Center for Neuromuscular Diseases, 8000, Aarhus C, Denmark
- Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, 8000, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Ulla Werlauff
- National Rehabilitation Center for Neuromuscular Diseases, 8000, Aarhus C, Denmark
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5
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Kartsonaki MG, Georgopoulos D, Kondili E, Nieri AS, Alevizaki A, Nyktari V, Papaioannou A. Prevalence and factors associated with compassion fatigue, compassion satisfaction, burnout in health professionals. Nurs Crit Care 2023; 28:225-235. [PMID: 35315181 DOI: 10.1111/nicc.12769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Revised: 12/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Constant exposure of health professionals to the pain and suffering of patients can adversely affect their emotional wellbeing. AIM The study aimed to investigate the prevalence and the factors affecting the levels of secondary traumatic stress/compassion fatigue (STS/CF), burnout (BO) and compassion satisfaction (CS) of health professionals working in adult and paediatric Intensive Care Units (ICU) as well as in departments treating patients with serious illness in five hospitals in Crete. STUDY DESIGN A descriptive cross-sectional survey with the use of the Professional Quality of Life Scale (ProQOL-CSF-R-IV) questionnaire. METHODS We enrolled medical, nursing and support staff working in the adult and paediatric ICU, emergency, oncology, haematology and neurosurgical departments, haemodialysis unit and operating theatre. RESULTS 598 health professionals completed the questionnaire (response rate 73.2%). Significantly increased levels of STS/CF were observed in non - ICU as compared to ICU staff (p = .009) females compared to males (p < .001), those who have previously experienced a traumatic event (p < .004), nurses and support staff compared to doctors (p = .007 and p = .028 respectively), and people not working in a department by choice (p < .001). CS was higher for older professionals, personnel subjected to stress reduction techniques (p < .019) and professionals working with children or mixed adults and children population (p = .009). Rolling schedule and bad working conditions negatively affected CS (p = .02, p = .001). Increased BO levels were associated with younger age (p = .029) and showed a positive correlation with STS/CF (r = .356, p < .001). CONCLUSIONS STS/CF is common in health professionals regardless of their profession, working department or hospital level. Non-ICU staff displayed higher STS/CF levels. Working in a department by choice ameliorates CS, BO and STS/CF. RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE Health professionals need to be informed about the risks of projecting patients' suffering on themselves. Hospital managers and department heads are responsible to provide appropriate support.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria George Kartsonaki
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital of Heraklion, Heraklion, Greece.,School of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Dimitris Georgopoulos
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital of Heraklion, Heraklion, Greece.,School of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Eumorfia Kondili
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital of Heraklion, Heraklion, Greece.,School of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
| | | | - Afroditi Alevizaki
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital of Heraklion, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Vasileia Nyktari
- Department of Anesthesiology, University Hospital of Crete, Heraklion, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Alexandra Papaioannou
- Department of Anesthesiology, University Hospital of Crete, Heraklion, Heraklion, Greece
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6
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Son D, Oishi A, Taniguchi S. The experience of providing
end‐of‐life
care at home: The emotional experiences of young family physicians. J Gen Fam Med 2022; 23:376-383. [DOI: 10.1002/jgf2.571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Revised: 05/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Son
- Department of Community‐based Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Tottori University Yonago Japan
- Department of General Medicine Hino Hospital Hino‐gun Japan
| | - Ai Oishi
- Primary Palliative Care Research Group, Usher Institute of Population Health Sciences and Informatics The University of Edinburgh Edinburgh UK
| | - Shin‐ichi Taniguchi
- Department of Community‐based Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Tottori University Yonago Japan
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Reddy SK, Yennurajalingam S, Tanco K, Anderson AE, Guzman D, Williams J, Liu D, Bruera E. Frequency and Prediction of Burnout Among Physicians Who Completed Palliative Care Fellowship Training - A 10 Year Survey. J Pain Symptom Manage 2022; 64:e15-e21. [PMID: 35183705 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpainsymman.2022.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Palliative Care (PC) physicians are vulnerable to burnout given the nature of practice. Reports suggest that burnout frequency is variable across different countries. OBJECTIVE The main objective of our study was to determine knowledge, attitudes and frequency of burnout among Hospice and Palliative Medicine (HPM) Fellowship graduates trained at a comprehensive cancer center. METHODS We conducted a survey to determine the knowledge, attitudes, and frequency of burnout in former fellows, consisting of the Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI) and 41 custom questions. Palliative care fellows who trained at a Comprehensive Cancer Center from 2008 to 2018 were included in the survey. RESULTS Eighty-four percent of the 52 eligible physicians completed surveys. Median age was 38 years, with 68% females. Seventy-seven percent practiced PC more than 50% of time. Median practice duration was four years, and 84% were board certified. Most common disease types treated were cancer (89%), cardiac (43%) and pulmonary (43%). Burnout rate was high at 52% (n=20). The median scores for emotional exhaustion were 25.5, depersonalization 9, and personal accomplishment 48. Female gender (P=0.07) and having administration as a component in the job description (P=0.044) were associated with risk of burnout. Clinical care setting, work hours/week, frequency of weekend calls, and size of team were not significantly associated with burnout. CONCLUSION Burnout among former fellows trained in HPM between 2008 and 2018 is high. More research is needed to develop strategies to better prevent and manage burnout among HPM fellowship trained PC physicians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suresh K Reddy
- Department of Palliative, Rehabilitation and Integrative Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA.
| | - Sriram Yennurajalingam
- Department of Palliative, Rehabilitation and Integrative Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Kimberson Tanco
- Department of Palliative, Rehabilitation and Integrative Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Aimee E Anderson
- Department of Palliative, Rehabilitation and Integrative Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Diana Guzman
- Department of Palliative, Rehabilitation and Integrative Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Janet Williams
- Department of Palliative, Rehabilitation and Integrative Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Diane Liu
- Department of Biostatistics,The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Eduardo Bruera
- Department of Palliative, Rehabilitation and Integrative Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
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8
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Brennan F, Gardiner MD, Narasimhan M. The neuropalliative multidisciplinary team-Members and their roles. HANDBOOK OF CLINICAL NEUROLOGY 2022; 190:33-59. [PMID: 36055719 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-323-85029-2.00010-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Neurodegenerative conditions are prominent contributors to both morbidity and mortality worldwide. They pose a significant challenge to health professionals, health systems, and the often unpaid, untrained family members and carers. The many and varied challenges encountered are best managed by a multidisciplinary neuropalliative team, as it is impossible for a single clinician to possess and deliver the wide range of skills and services required to optimally care for these patients. This chapter discusses the assembly, maintenance, and care of such a team, as well as potential difficulties and solutions in domains such as funding, training, geographical remoteness, as well as the potential lack of awareness and acceptance by colleagues. A comprehensive description of the role of all possible team members is discussed. The chapter outlines the concept, content, and potential benefits of a multidisciplinary team in neuropalliative care. Its thesis is twofold: that multidisciplinary care is vital and, second, that the sum of the whole of a team can be greater than the individual parts with respect to organization, planning, experience, and creativity of approach. With all these factors considered, and implemented wherever possible, we may all move closer to optimizing the comfort and care of our shared neuropalliative patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank Brennan
- Departments of Palliative and Rehabilitation Medicine, Calvary and St George Hospitals, Sydney, NSW, Australia; The Faculty of Medicine, St George Clinical School, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
| | - Matthew D Gardiner
- Departments of Palliative and Rehabilitation Medicine, Calvary and St George Hospitals, Sydney, NSW, Australia; The Faculty of Medicine, St George Clinical School, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Manisha Narasimhan
- School of Psychology and Brain and Mind Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Department of Neurology, Sutherland Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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9
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Vesel T, Ernst E, Vesel L, McGowan K, Stopka TJ. A Qualitative Study of the Role of Palliative Care During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Perceptions and Experiences Among Critical Care Clinicians, Hospital Leaders, and Spiritual Care Providers. Am J Hosp Palliat Care 2021; 39:1236-1243. [PMID: 34894783 PMCID: PMC9453589 DOI: 10.1177/10499091211055900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Palliative care offers a unique skill set in response to challenges posed by the COVID-19 pandemic, with expertise in advance care planning, symptom management, family communication, end-of-life care, and bereavement. However, few studies have explored palliative care’s role during the pandemic and changes in perceptions and utilization of the specialty among health and spiritual care providers and hospital leaders. Objective To explore the utilization, perceptions, and understanding of palliative care among critical care clinicians, hospital leaders, and spiritual care providers during the pandemic. Design We conducted a qualitative study employing semi-structured, in-depth interviews. Setting/participants We conducted the study at a tertiary academic medical center in Boston, Massachusetts, USA. Between August and October 2020, we interviewed 25 participants from 3 informant groups: (1) critical care physicians, (2) hospital leaders, and (3) spiritual care providers. Results Respondents recognized that palliative care’s role increased in importance during the pandemic. Palliative care served as a bridge between providers, patients, and families; supported provider well-being; and contributed to hospital efficiency. The pandemic reinforced participants’ positive perceptions of palliative care, increased their understanding of the scope of the specialty’s practice, and inspired physicians to engage more with palliative care. Respondents indicated the need for more palliative care providers and advocated for their role in bereavement support and future pandemic response. Conclusion Findings highlight evolving and increased utilization of palliative care during the pandemic, suggesting a need for greater investment in palliative care programs and for palliative care involvement in public health emergency preparedness and response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamara Vesel
- Division of Palliative Care, 1867Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA.,12261Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Emma Ernst
- 12261Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Linda Vesel
- 480938Ariadne Labs at Brigham and Women's Hospital and the Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kayla McGowan
- Division of Palliative Care, 1867Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA.,HCH Enterprises, LLC/Department of Health, State of Rhode Island, Warwick, RI, USA
| | - Thomas J Stopka
- Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, 12261Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA.,Clinical and Translational Science Institute, 12261Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
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10
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Burnout prevalence among European physicians: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Int Arch Occup Environ Health 2021; 95:259-273. [PMID: 34628517 DOI: 10.1007/s00420-021-01782-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Our objective was to assess burnout prevalence rates among physicians practicing in Europe (regardless of their specialty) taking into account the main approaches used to define burnout with the Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI) tool. METHODS A systematic review was carried out from 2006 to 2018. A keyword request was obtained using the PubMed/Medline, Web of Science and Banque de Données en Santé Publique search engine. Studies written in English measuring burnout with the MBI tool among a population of practicing European physicians were selected. Data were extracted and classified according to burnout's definition provided by the authors. Three definitions using the MBI dimensions were considered: tri-, bi- and unidimensional definition. A meta-analysis was then performed on burnout prevalence rates according to the dimensional definition of burnout. RESULTS From 2378 search results, we selected 56 studies including from up to 41 European countries. Depending upon the study, physicians' burnout prevalence rates ranged from 2.5% to 72.0%. The pooled prevalence rate of burnout was estimated at 7.7% [5.3-10.4%] with the tridimensional definition, 19.7% [13.5-26.3%] with the bidimensional definition and 43.2% [29.0-57.6%] with the unidimensional definition. CONCLUSION Burnout pooled prevalence among physicians varies from single to fivefold depending on the method employed to assess burnout with the MBI tool. Medical community should determine a standardized method to assess burnout prevalence rates to best evaluate this phenomenon.
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11
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Dijxhoorn AFQ, Brom L, van der Linden YM, Leget C, Raijmakers NJ. Prevalence of burnout in healthcare professionals providing palliative care and the effect of interventions to reduce symptoms: A systematic literature review. Palliat Med 2021; 35:6-26. [PMID: 33063609 DOI: 10.1177/0269216320956825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In recent years there has been increasing attention for the prevalence and prevention of burnout among healthcare professionals. There is unclarity about prevalence of burnout in healthcare professionals providing palliative care and little is known about effective interventions in this area. AIM To investigate the prevalence of (symptoms of) burnout in healthcare professionals providing palliative care and what interventions may reduce symptoms of burnout in this population. DESIGN A systematic literature review based on criteria of the PRISMA statement was performed on prevalence of burnout in healthcare professionals providing palliative care and interventions aimed at preventing burnout. DATA SOURCES PubMed, PsycInfo and Cinahl were searched for studies published from 2008 to 2020. Quality of the studies was assessed using the method of Hawkers for systematically reviewing research. RESULTS In total 59 studies were included. Burnout among healthcare professionals providing palliative care ranged from 3% to 66%. No major differences in prevalence were found between nurses and physicians. Healthcare professionals providing palliative care in general settings experience more symptoms of burnout than those in specialised palliative care settings. Ten studies reported on the effects of interventions aimed at preventing burnout. Reduction of one or more symptoms of burnout after the intervention was reported in six studies which were aimed at learning meditation, improving communication skills, peer-coaching and art-therapy based supervision. CONCLUSION The range of burnout among healthcare professionals providing palliative care varies widely. Interventions based on meditation, communication training, peer-coaching and art-therapy based supervision have positive effects but long-term outcomes are not known yet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne-Floor Q Dijxhoorn
- Netherlands Comprehensive Cancer Organisation (IKNL), Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Netherlands Association for Palliative Care (PZNL), Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Centre of Expertise in Palliative Care, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, Zuid-Holland, The Netherlands
| | - Linda Brom
- Netherlands Comprehensive Cancer Organisation (IKNL), Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Netherlands Association for Palliative Care (PZNL), Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Yvette M van der Linden
- Centre of Expertise in Palliative Care, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, Zuid-Holland, The Netherlands
| | - Carlo Leget
- University of Humanistic Studies, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Natasja Jh Raijmakers
- Netherlands Comprehensive Cancer Organisation (IKNL), Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Netherlands Association for Palliative Care (PZNL), Utrecht, The Netherlands
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12
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Wang C, Grassau P, Lawlor PG, Webber C, Bush SH, Gagnon B, Kabir M, Spilg EG. Burnout and resilience among Canadian palliative care physicians. BMC Palliat Care 2020; 19:169. [PMID: 33158428 PMCID: PMC7648393 DOI: 10.1186/s12904-020-00677-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Physicians experience high rates of burnout, which may negatively impact patient care. Palliative care is an emotionally demanding specialty with high burnout rates reported in previous studies from other countries. We aimed to estimate the prevalence of burnout and degree of resilience among Canadian palliative care physicians and examine their associations with demographic and workplace factors in a national survey. Methods Physician members of the Canadian Society of Palliative Care Physicians and Société Québécoise des Médecins de Soins Palliatifs were invited to participate in an electronic survey about their demographic and practice arrangements and complete the Maslach Burnout Inventory for Medical Professionals (MBI-HSS (MP)), and Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC). The association of categorical demographic and practice variables was examined in relation to burnout status, as defined by MBI-HSS (MP) score. In addition to bivariable analyses, a multivariable logistic regression analysis, reporting odds ratios (OR), was conducted. Mean CD-RISC score differences were examined in multivariable linear regression analysis. Results One hundred sixty five members (29%) completed the survey. On the MBI-HSS (MP), 36.4% of respondents reported high emotional exhaustion (EE), 15.1% reported high depersonalization (DP), and 7.9% reported low personal accomplishment (PA). Overall, 38.2% of respondents reported a high degree of burnout, based on having high EE or high DP. Median CD-RISC resilience score was 74, which falls in the 25th percentile of normative population. Age over 60 (OR = 0.05; CI, 0.01–0.38), compared to age ≤ 40, was independently associated with lower burnout. Mean CD-RISC resilience scores were lower in association with the presence of high burnout than when burnout was low (67.5 ± 11.8 vs 77.4 ± 11.2, respectively, p < 0.0001). Increased mean CD-RISC score differences (higher resilience) of 7.77 (95% CI, 1.97–13.57), 5.54 (CI, 0.81–10.28), and 8.26 (CI, 1.96–14.57) occurred in association with age > 60 as compared to ≤40, a predominantly palliative care focussed practice, and > 60 h worked per week as compared to ≤40 h worked, respectively. Conclusions One in three Canadian palliative care physicians demonstrate a high degree of burnout. Burnout prevention may benefit from increasing resilience skills on an individual level while also implementing systematic workplace interventions across organizational levels. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12904-020-00677-z.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cindy Wang
- Department of Medicine, Division of Palliative Care, University of Ottawa, 43 Bruyère St., Ottawa, ON, K1N 5C8, Canada
| | - Pamela Grassau
- School of Social Work, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Dr., Ottawa, ON, K1S 5B6, Canada
| | - Peter G Lawlor
- Department of Medicine, Division of Palliative Care, Bruyère Research Institute, and Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, University of Ottawa, 43 Bruyère St., Ottawa, ON, K1N 5C8, Canada
| | - Colleen Webber
- Ottawa Hospital Research Institute and Bruyère Research Institute, 43 Bruyère St., Ottawa, ON, K1N 5C8, Canada
| | - Shirley H Bush
- Department of Medicine, Division of Palliative Care, Bruyère Research Institute, and Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, University of Ottawa, 43 Bruyère St., Ottawa, ON, K1N 5C8, Canada
| | - Bruno Gagnon
- Palliative Care, Department of Family Medicine and Emergency Medicine, Cancer Research Centre, Laval University, 6, rue McMahon 1899-6, Québec, Québec, G1R 2J6, Canada
| | - Monisha Kabir
- Bruyère Research Institute, 43 Bruyère St., Ottawa, ON, K1N 5C8, Canada
| | - Edward G Spilg
- Department of Medicine, Division of Geriatric Medicine, University of Ottawa and Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, 1053 Carling Avenue, Ottawa, ON, K1Y 4E9, Canada.
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13
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The Experiences of Well-being of Palliative Care Providers in Malaysia: A Thematic Analysis. J Hosp Palliat Nurs 2020; 22:407-414. [PMID: 32898385 DOI: 10.1097/njh.0000000000000678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Palliative care providers find meaning in their work, even though stress, burnout, and compassion fatigue can be a concern. In this study, we aimed to explore the experiences of well-being of palliative care providers in Malaysia. Data collected using semistructured interviews were thematically analyzed. Eighteen palliative care providers participated: 9 doctors and 9 nurses. Five subthemes were generated: (1) values and strengths, (2) coping and work-life balance, (3) social support and spirituality, (4) passion and satisfaction, and (5) learning, growth, and transformation. These subthemes were further categorized into 2 themes: resilience and reward. The results may inform the development of interventions in the promotion and sustenance of well-being of palliative care providers.
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Reddy SK, Yennu S, Tanco K, Anderson AE, Guzman D, Ali Naqvi SM, Sadaf H, Williams J, Liu DD, Bruera E. Frequency of Burnout Among Palliative Care Physicians Participating in a Continuing Medical Education Course. J Pain Symptom Manage 2020; 60:80-86.e2. [PMID: 32105789 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpainsymman.2020.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2019] [Revised: 02/13/2020] [Accepted: 02/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Palliative care (PC) physicians are vulnerable for burnout given the nature of practice. The burnout frequency may be variable and reported between 24% and 38% across different countries. OBJECTIVE The main objective of our study was to determine the frequency of burnout among PC physicians participating in PC continuing medical education course. METHODS A survey including the Maslach Burnout Inventory-General along with 41 custom questions were administered to determine the frequency of burnout among physicians attending the 2018 Hospice and Palliative Medicine Board review course. RESULTS Of 110 physicians, 91 (83%) completed the survey. The median age was 48 years with 65% being females, 81% married, 46% in community practice, 38% in practice for 6-15 years. PC was practiced ≥50% of the time by 62%, and 76% were doing clinical work. About 73 (80%) reported that PC is appreciated at their work, 58 (64%) reported insurance to be a burden, and 58 (64%) reported that the electronic medical record was a burden. About 82 (90%) felt optimistic about continuing PC in future. Maslach Burnout Inventory results suggest that 35 (38%) participants reported at least one symptom of burnout. Only being single/separated showed trend toward significance with burnout (P = 0.056). CONCLUSION Burnout among PC physicians who attended a board review course was 38%. Being single/separated showed trend toward association with burnout. Physicians who choose to attend continuing medical education may have unique motivating characteristics allowing them to better cope with stress and avoid burnout.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suresh K Reddy
- Department of Palliative, Integrative and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA.
| | - Sriram Yennu
- Department of Palliative, Integrative and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Kimberson Tanco
- Department of Palliative, Integrative and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Aimee E Anderson
- Department of Palliative, Integrative and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Diana Guzman
- Department of Palliative, Integrative and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Syed M Ali Naqvi
- Department of Palliative, Integrative and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Humaira Sadaf
- Department of Palliative, Integrative and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Janet Williams
- Department of Palliative, Integrative and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Diane D Liu
- Department of Palliative, Integrative and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Eduardo Bruera
- Department of Palliative, Integrative and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
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15
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Lenzo V, Bordino V, Bonanno GA, Quattropani MC. Understanding the role of regulatory flexibility and context sensitivity in preventing burnout in a palliative home care team. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0233173. [PMID: 32421730 PMCID: PMC7233554 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0233173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2019] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Although burnout syndrome has been investigated in depth, studies specifically focused on palliative home care are still limited. Moreover, there is still a lack of evidence regarding the interplay between emotional flexibility and sensitivity to context in preventing burnout in home care settings. For these reasons, the aims of this study were to examine burnout symptoms among practitioners specializing in palliative home care and to investigate the role of regulatory flexibility and sensitivity to context in understanding burnout. An exploratory cross-sectional design was adopted. A convenience sample (n = 65) of Italian specialist palliative care practitioners participated in this study. Participants were recruited between February and April 2019 from two palliative home care services that predominantly cared for end-of-life cancer patients. The Italian version of the Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI), the Flexible Regulation of Emotional Expression (FREE) scale (a measure of emotional flexibility), and the Context Sensitivity Index (CSI) (a measure of sensitivity to context) were administered. Analyses of variance were conducted using the three MBI factors as dependent variables and profession as an independent variable. Subsequently, three identical analyses of covariance were conducted with age, work experience, flexibility and sensitivity to context as covariates. The results showed a low burnout risk for all three of the MBI factors, and there were no gender differences. An ANOVA revealed a significant effect of profession type and age on the emotional exhaustion factor of the MBI, and an ANCOVA indicated that these effects persisted after covariates were accounted for. The results also showed a significant effect of the FREE score on emotional exhaustion. These findings can help explain the differential contributions of profession type and age to the burnout symptoms investigated. In addition, the emotional flexibility component, as an aspect of resilience, represents a significant and specific factor of emotional exhaustion. Interventions to prevent burnout must consider these relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vittorio Lenzo
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
- * E-mail:
| | - Valentina Bordino
- Palliative home care services, Sisifo—Consortium of Social Cooperatives, Catania, Italy
| | - George A. Bonanno
- Teachers College, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States of America
| | - Maria C. Quattropani
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
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16
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Kust D, Murgic J, Vukovic P, Kruljac I, Prpic M, Zilic A, Lengyel C, Wdowiak K, Simaskaite L, Mutlu Gunaydin U, Tica Sedlar I, Fountzilas E, Janzic U, Coroian I, Durutovic I, Pellegrino B, Petrova M, Huti E, Napolskaia E, Seruga B, Balenovic A, Frobe A, Luetic K. Oncologist Burnout Syndrome in Eastern Europe: Results of the Multinational Survey. JCO Oncol Pract 2020; 16:e366-e376. [PMID: 32048930 DOI: 10.1200/jop.19.00470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Burnout is defined as a three-dimensional syndrome-emotional exhaustion (EE), depersonalization (DP), and reduced personal accomplishment (PA)-caused by chronic occupational stress. The aim of the current study was to investigate the prevalence of burnout among oncologists in Eastern Europe and to identify the contributing factors. METHODS The study was conducted as an online survey between October 2017 and March 2018. Oncologists (including medical, radiation, clinical, and surgical oncologists) from 19 countries were invited to participate. The survey consisted of 30 questions, including the standardized burnout instrument, Maslach Burnout Inventory, and eight demographic questions. Burnout risk was scored according to the scoring manual for health care workers. RESULTS The study included 637 oncologists. Overall, 28% were at low or intermediate risk and 72% were at high risk for burnout. Forty-four percent of participants were at high risk for EE, 28.7% for DP, and 47.3% for PA. EE risk was associated with female sex. DP risk was highest among clinical and radiation oncologists, whereas PA risk was positively correlated with years of service, percentage of cancer deaths, and availability of the number of oncologists. In multivariate logistic regression analysis, burnout was significantly associated with standardized cancer mortality and fewer years of practice. CONCLUSION Burnout among oncologists in Eastern Europe is high, and younger oncologists are the most vulnerable group. Preventive measures should be taken to address this issue, which negatively affects optimal care delivery and poses a threat to oncologists' health and well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davor Kust
- Department of Oncology and Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Center Sestre Milosrdnice, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Jure Murgic
- Department of Oncology and Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Center Sestre Milosrdnice, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Petra Vukovic
- Department of Medical Oncology, University Hospital for Tumors, University Hospital Center Sestre Milosrdnice, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ivan Kruljac
- Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Center Sestre Milosrdnice, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Marin Prpic
- Department of Oncology and Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Center Sestre Milosrdnice, Zagreb, Croatia.,School of Dental Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ana Zilic
- Intensive Oncology and Supportive Care Department, Clinic For Medical Oncology, Institute for Oncology and Radiology of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia
| | | | - Kamil Wdowiak
- Department of Internal Medicine and Oncological Chemotherapy, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - Lina Simaskaite
- Department of Oncology and Hematology, Hospital of Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Ulug Mutlu Gunaydin
- Department of Medical Oncology, Istanbul Medeniyet University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ivana Tica Sedlar
- Clinic of Oncology, University Hospital Mostar, Mostar, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Elena Fountzilas
- Department of Medical Oncology, Euromedica General Clinic, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Urska Janzic
- Medical Oncology Unit, University Clinic Golnik, Golnik, Slovenia
| | - Iulia Coroian
- Medical Oncology Department, Oncology Institute Prof. Dr. I. Chiricuta, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Ivana Durutovic
- Clinic for Oncology and Radiotherapy, Clinical Center of Montenegro, Podgorica, Montenegro
| | | | - Mila Petrova
- Department of Medical Oncology, Multi Profile Hospital for Active Treatment Nadezhda, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Emiljana Huti
- Department of Oncology, American Hospital Tirana II, Tirana, Albania
| | - Elena Napolskaia
- Outpatient Department, Clinical Scientifical Practical Center of Specialized Kinds of Medical Care (Oncology), Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Bostjan Seruga
- Division of Medical Oncology, Institute of Oncology Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | | | - Ana Frobe
- Department of Oncology and Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Center Sestre Milosrdnice, Zagreb, Croatia.,School of Dental Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Kresimir Luetic
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Clinical Hospital "Sveti Duh," Zagreb, Croatia
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Granek L, Buchman S. Improving physician well-being: lessons from palliative care. CMAJ 2020; 191:E380-E381. [PMID: 30962195 DOI: 10.1503/cmaj.190110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Leeat Granek
- Department of Public Health (Granek), Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva Israel; Temmy Latner Centre for Palliative Care (Buchman), Sinai Health System; Department of Family and Community Medicine (Buchman), Division of Palliative Care, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.
| | - Sandy Buchman
- Department of Public Health (Granek), Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva Israel; Temmy Latner Centre for Palliative Care (Buchman), Sinai Health System; Department of Family and Community Medicine (Buchman), Division of Palliative Care, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont
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18
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Cheng BR, Lin MH, Chang HT, Wang YJ, Chen TJ, Chou LF, Hwang SJ. Continuity of Physicians' Dedication to Inpatient Hospice and Palliative Care: A 14-year Nationwide Survey in Taiwan. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:ijerph16162932. [PMID: 31443267 PMCID: PMC6720616 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16162932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2019] [Revised: 08/11/2019] [Accepted: 08/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Background: The work continuity of physicians in hospice and palliative medicine (HPM) has a great impact on the quality of care and practice experiences. However, nationwide studies providing a general overview of the work continuity of HPM physicians are scarce. Methods: Data relating to inpatient HPM care provided from July 2000 to December 2013 were obtained from the National Health Insurance Research Database of Taiwan. Specifically, the numbers of hospitals, patients, patient hospitalization days, and physicians involving HPM in each year were calculated. The years of HPM work experience and total HPM workdays of each physician were also computed. Results: Of the 40,965,153 inpatient records during the study, 121,258 (0.3%) records were related to inpatient HPM care, with 60 participating hospitals and 604 attending physicians. The annual number of HPM physicians increased with time from 77 in 2000 to 217 in 2013. The largest percentage (38.4%) of physicians practiced HPM for only one year, while only 23 (3.8%) physicians practiced HPM in each year without interruption. Of the 217 HPM physicians in 2013, 45 (20.7%) were newcomers, 78 (36.0%) had 1–4 years of prior HPM work experience, 54 (24.9%) had 5–9 years, and 40 (18.4%) had at least 10 years. Conclusions: Among HPM physicians in Taiwan, only a small percentage exhibited long-term dedication to the field, whereas most HPM physicians had short practice periods. More strategies are needed to improve work continuity among HPM physicians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo-Ren Cheng
- Department of Family Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, No. 201, Sec. 2, Shi-Pai Road, Taipei 112, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Hwai Lin
- Department of Family Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, No. 201, Sec. 2, Shi-Pai Road, Taipei 112, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, No. 155, Sec. 2, Linong Street, Taipei 112, Taiwan
| | - Hsiao-Ting Chang
- Department of Family Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, No. 201, Sec. 2, Shi-Pai Road, Taipei 112, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, No. 155, Sec. 2, Linong Street, Taipei 112, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Jen Wang
- Department of Family Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, No. 201, Sec. 2, Shi-Pai Road, Taipei 112, Taiwan.
- Department of Primary Care and Public Health, Imperial College London, Reynolds Building, St Dunstan's Road, London W6 8RP, UK.
| | - Tzeng-Ji Chen
- Department of Family Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, No. 201, Sec. 2, Shi-Pai Road, Taipei 112, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, No. 155, Sec. 2, Linong Street, Taipei 112, Taiwan
| | - Li-Fang Chou
- Department of Public Finance, National Chengchi University, Taipei 116, Taiwan
| | - Shinn-Jang Hwang
- Department of Family Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, No. 201, Sec. 2, Shi-Pai Road, Taipei 112, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, No. 155, Sec. 2, Linong Street, Taipei 112, Taiwan
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Oakley S, Grealish L, El Amouri S, Coyne E. The lived experience of expatriate nurses providing end of life care to Muslim patients in a Muslim country: An integrated review of the literature. Int J Nurs Stud 2019; 94:51-59. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2019.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2018] [Revised: 03/01/2019] [Accepted: 03/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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20
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Deneva T, Ianakiev Y, Keskinova D. Burnout Syndrome in Physicians-Psychological Assessment and Biomarker Research. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 55:medicina55050209. [PMID: 31137738 PMCID: PMC6571619 DOI: 10.3390/medicina55050209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2019] [Revised: 05/21/2019] [Accepted: 05/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Background and objectives: Burnout is a syndrome typically occurring in work environments with continuous and chronic stress. Physicians are at increased risk for burnout, as a result of 24-h work, delayed work–life balance gratification, and the challenges associated with patient care. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the psychological parameters of burnout symptoms in relation to biomarkers of stress among physicians with different medical specialties. Materials and methods: A total of 303 physicians were contacted as potential participants. A comparison group of 111 individuals working outside medicine was used as a control to verify the results. The physicians were specialists in internal medicine, general surgery, pathology, and primary care. Serum cortisol, salivary cortisol, adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), insulin (IRI), and prolactin levels were analyzed by chemiluminescence enzyme immunoassay (Access 2, Beckman Coulter). Fasting glucose in serum and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1C) in whole blood were measured using the automatic analyzer AU 480 Beckman Coulter system. Symptoms of burnout were measured with the Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI). Results: The group with burnout presented significantly higher levels of serum and saliva cortisol, ACTH, prolactin, fasting glucose, and HbA1C compared with the control group. The correlation analysis between biomarkers showed a positive correlation with moderate strength between serum and saliva cortisol (r = 0.516, p = 0.01),as well as serum and saliva cortisol with ACTH (r = 0.418; r = 0.412, p = 0.01) and HbA1C (r = 0.382; r = 0.395, p = 0.01). A weak positive correlation was found between serum and saliva cortisol with prolactin (r = 0.236; r = 0.267, p < 0.01) and glucose (r = 0.271; r = 0.297, p < 0.01). In the multiple logistic regression model, saliva cortisol, HbA1C, and age were significantly associated with burnout (chi-square = 16.848, p < 0.032). Conclusion: Our findings demonstrated the interest of exploring biomarkers of stress related to burnout in health professionals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanya Deneva
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Medical University, University Hospital "St. George", 4002 Plovdiv, Bulgaria.
| | - Youri Ianakiev
- Department of Psychology, University of Plovdiv Paisii Hilendarski, 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria.
| | - Donka Keskinova
- Department of Applied and Institutional Sociology, University of Plovdiv Paisii Hilendarski, 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria.
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Kansoun Z, Boyer L, Hodgkinson M, Villes V, Lançon C, Fond G. Burnout in French physicians: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Affect Disord 2019; 246:132-147. [PMID: 30580199 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2018.12.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2018] [Revised: 11/06/2018] [Accepted: 12/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Burnout syndrome is the consequence of chronic work-related stress exposure and is 2-3 times higher than in physicians than in other professions. Many studies exploring burnout in French physicians have been published with inconsistent data regarding its prevalence and associated factors. OBJECTIVE To assess the prevalence of burnout and associated factors in French physicians in a systematic review and meta-analysis. MATERIAL AND METHODS Studies assessing the prevalence of French physician's burnout and its three dimensions emotional exhaustion (EE), depersonalization (DP) and personal accomplishment (PA) were selected in the following databases from 2000 to April 2017: MEDLINE, BIOSIS WEB OF SCIENCE, PASCAL ET FRANCIS, SCIENCES DIRECT, PSYCHinfo, and BDSP. Burnout was defined by one abnormal score in one or more of the 3 dimensions of the MBI scale (EE, DP or PA). Severe burnout was defined by the association of high scores of EE and DP, and low score of PA. High EE was defined by an EE score ≥27. High DP was defined by a score ≥10. Low PA was defined by a score ≤33. RESULTS A total of 37 studies and 15,183 French physicians were included in the present meta-analysis. The random effects pooled prevalence estimate was 49% (95% CI 45%-53%, P < 0.001, I2 = 93.1%) for burnout, 5% (95% CI 4-7, P < 0.001, I2 = 92.7%) for severe burnout, 21% (95% CI 19-24, P < 0.001, I2 = 94.7%) for high EE, 29% (95% CI 25-33, P < 0.001, I2 = 96.7%) for high DP, and 29% (95% CI 24-34, P < 0.001, I2 = 97.7%) for low PA. Emergency physicians were found to have a trend to higher rates of burnout (P = 0.051), and significantly more severe burnout compared to other physicians (b = 0.05, se[b] = 0.02, P = 0.019). Junior residents were found to have higher rates of DP; junior residents, sample size, and monthly number of night shifts were associated with lower PA; and anesthesiologists were found to have lower rates of high EE and high DP. CONCLUSION Burnout is highly prevalent in French physicians. Some recommendations may be suggested to reduce this rate, including reducing the number or duration of night shifts to increase personal accomplishment and targeting emergency physicians and junior residents in priority. Other specialties should be explored in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziad Kansoun
- Department of Psychiatry, Sainte-Marguerite University Hospital, Marseille, France.
| | - Laurent Boyer
- EA 3279-Public Health, Chronic Diseases and Quality of Life-Research Unit, Aix-Marseille University, 13005 Marseille, France
| | - Marianne Hodgkinson
- Department of Psychiatry, Centre Hospitalier Edouard Toulouse, Marseille, France
| | - Virginie Villes
- EA 3279-Public Health, Chronic Diseases and Quality of Life-Research Unit, Aix-Marseille University, 13005 Marseille, France
| | - Christophe Lançon
- Department of Psychiatry, Sainte-Marguerite University Hospital, Marseille, France; EA 3279-Public Health, Chronic Diseases and Quality of Life-Research Unit, Aix-Marseille University, 13005 Marseille, France
| | - Guillaume Fond
- Department of Psychiatry, Sainte-Marguerite University Hospital, Marseille, France; EA 3279-Public Health, Chronic Diseases and Quality of Life-Research Unit, Aix-Marseille University, 13005 Marseille, France
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Rotenstein LS, Torre M, Ramos MA, Rosales RC, Guille C, Sen S, Mata DA. Prevalence of Burnout Among Physicians: A Systematic Review. JAMA 2018; 320:1131-1150. [PMID: 30326495 PMCID: PMC6233645 DOI: 10.1001/jama.2018.12777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 925] [Impact Index Per Article: 154.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2018] [Accepted: 08/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Importance Burnout is a self-reported job-related syndrome increasingly recognized as a critical factor affecting physicians and their patients. An accurate estimate of burnout prevalence among physicians would have important health policy implications, but the overall prevalence is unknown. Objective To characterize the methods used to assess burnout and provide an estimate of the prevalence of physician burnout. Data Sources and Study Selection Systematic search of EMBASE, ERIC, MEDLINE/PubMed, psycARTICLES, and psycINFO for studies on the prevalence of burnout in practicing physicians (ie, excluding physicians in training) published before June 1, 2018. Data Extraction and Synthesis Burnout prevalence and study characteristics were extracted independently by 3 investigators. Although meta-analytic pooling was planned, variation in study designs and burnout ascertainment methods, as well as statistical heterogeneity, made quantitative pooling inappropriate. Therefore, studies were summarized descriptively and assessed qualitatively. Main Outcomes and Measures Point or period prevalence of burnout assessed by questionnaire. Results Burnout prevalence data were extracted from 182 studies involving 109 628 individuals in 45 countries published between 1991 and 2018. In all, 85.7% (156/182) of studies used a version of the Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI) to assess burnout. Studies variably reported prevalence estimates of overall burnout or burnout subcomponents: 67.0% (122/182) on overall burnout, 72.0% (131/182) on emotional exhaustion, 68.1% (124/182) on depersonalization, and 63.2% (115/182) on low personal accomplishment. Studies used at least 142 unique definitions for meeting overall burnout or burnout subscale criteria, indicating substantial disagreement in the literature on what constituted burnout. Studies variably defined burnout based on predefined cutoff scores or sample quantiles and used markedly different cutoff definitions. Among studies using instruments based on the MBI, there were at least 47 distinct definitions of overall burnout prevalence and 29, 26, and 26 definitions of emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, and low personal accomplishment prevalence, respectively. Overall burnout prevalence ranged from 0% to 80.5%. Emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, and low personal accomplishment prevalence ranged from 0% to 86.2%, 0% to 89.9%, and 0% to 87.1%, respectively. Because of inconsistencies in definitions of and assessment methods for burnout across studies, associations between burnout and sex, age, geography, time, specialty, and depressive symptoms could not be reliably determined. Conclusions and Relevance In this systematic review, there was substantial variability in prevalence estimates of burnout among practicing physicians and marked variation in burnout definitions, assessment methods, and study quality. These findings preclude definitive conclusions about the prevalence of burnout and highlight the importance of developing a consensus definition of burnout and of standardizing measurement tools to assess the effects of chronic occupational stress on physicians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa S. Rotenstein
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
- Brigham Education Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Matthew Torre
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Marco A. Ramos
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Rachael C. Rosales
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Constance Guille
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston
| | - Srijan Sen
- Molecular and Behavioral Neuroscience Institute and Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor
| | - Douglas A. Mata
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Brigham Education Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
- Program in Molecular Pathological Epidemiology, Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
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Parola V, Coelho A, Cardoso D, Sandgren A, Apóstolo J. Prevalence of burnout in health professionals working in palliative care: a systematic review. JBI DATABASE OF SYSTEMATIC REVIEWS AND IMPLEMENTATION REPORTS 2017; 15:1905-1933. [PMID: 28708752 DOI: 10.11124/jbisrir-2016-003309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND More than ever, the current increasing need for palliative care leads to health professionals providing this type of care which further leads to multiple challenges, and stressful and demanding situations. The multiple challenges of working in palliative care put health professionals working in this context at the risk of burnout. OBJECTIVES To examine the evidence on the prevalence of burnout among health professionals working in palliative care. INCLUSION CRITERIA TYPES OF PARTICIPANTS The current review included studies that encompass qualified health professionals working in palliative care, caring for patients 18 years of age or older. CONDITION The current review considered studies reporting on the point prevalence of burnout, measured by a burnout scale, such as, but not limited to, the Maslach Burnout Inventory, Burnout Measure and Copenhagen Burnout Inventory. CONTEXT The current review considered studies conducted in the context of specialist palliative care, more specifically, palliative care units, specialized palliative home care or hospices. TYPES OF STUDIES The current review considered observational study designs, including prospective and retrospective cohort, case-control and cross-sectional studies. SEARCH STRATEGY An initial search of MEDLINE (via PubMed) and CINAHL was undertaken, followed by a second search for published and unpublished studies since 1975 in major healthcare-related electronic databases. Studies written in English, Spanish and Portuguese were included. METHODOLOGICAL QUALITY Two independent reviewers assessed the methodological quality of studies using the standardized critical appraisal instrument from the Joanna Briggs Institute. No studies were excluded from the review based on the methodological appraisal. DATA EXTRACTION Data were extracted using a data extraction table, taking into account the review questions. DATA SYNTHESIS Significant differences were found between condition measures, thus we were unable to perform a meta-analysis. RESULTS Eight cross-sectional studies met the inclusion criteria, with a total of 1406 health professionals. The sample was limited to nurses, physicians and social workers. None of the included articles presented data about other health professionals. Seven of the included studies assessed the prevalence of burnout using the same instrument - the Maslach Burnout Inventory. Data revealed a prevalence of burnout of 17.3% among health professionals. Personal Accomplishment was the sub-scale from the Maslach Burnout Inventory that had the highest prevalence (19.5%). Nurses had higher levels of Emotional Exhaustion (19.5%) and Depersonalization (8.2%), and physicians had lower levels of Personal Accomplishment (41.2%). The prevalence of burnout was, however, higher in social workers (27%). The palliative care context with the highest prevalence of burnout was home care (19.6%). CONCLUSION The current systematic review contributes to a body of empirical knowledge that can facilitate the professional development of palliative care teams by highlighting the prevalence of burnout in health professionals, which staff category is the most affected (social workers), and which palliative care context has the highest prevalence (home care).
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Affiliation(s)
- Vitor Parola
- 1Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar: University of Porto, Porto, Portugal 2Health Sciences Research Unit: Nursing, Nursing School of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal 3Center for Collaborative Palliative Care, Linnaeus University, Växjö, Sweden 4Department of Health and Caring Sciences, Linnaeus University, Växjö, Sweden 5Portugal Centre for Evidence-Based Practice: a Joanna Briggs Institute Centre of Excellence, Coimbra, Portugal
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Martins Pereira S, Teixeira CM, Carvalho AS, Hernández-Marrero P. Compared to Palliative Care, Working in Intensive Care More than Doubles the Chances of Burnout: Results from a Nationwide Comparative Study. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0162340. [PMID: 27612293 PMCID: PMC5017676 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0162340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2016] [Accepted: 08/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Professionals working in intensive and palliative care units, hence caring for patients at the end-of-life, are at risk of developing burnout. Workplace conditions are determinant factors to develop this syndrome among professionals providing end-of-life care. OBJECTIVES To identify and compare burnout levels between professionals working in intensive and palliative care units; and to assess which workplace experiences are associated with burnout. METHODS A nationwide, multicentre quantitative comparative survey study was conducted in Portugal using the following instruments: Maslach Burnout Inventory-Human Services Survey, Questionnaire of workplace experiences and ethical decisions, and Questionnaire of socio-demographic and professional characteristics. A total of 355 professionals from 10 intensive care and 9 palliative care units participated in the survey. A series of univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed; odds ratio sidelong with 95% confidence intervals were calculated. RESULTS 27% of the professionals exhibited burnout. This was more frequent in intensive care units (OR = 2.525, 95% CI: 1.025-6.221, p = .006). Univariate regression analyses showed that higher burnout levels were significantly associated with conflicts, decisions to withhold/withdraw treatment, and implementing palliative sedation. When controlling for socio-demographic and educational characteristics, and setting (intensive care units versus palliative care units), higher burnout levels were significantly and positively associated with experiencing conflicts in the workplace. Having post-graduate education in intensive/palliative care was significantly but inversely associated to higher burnout levels. CONCLUSIONS Compared to palliative care, working in intensive care units more than doubled the likelihood of exhibiting burnout. Experiencing conflicts (e.g., with patients and/or families, intra and/or inter-teams) was the most significant determinant of burnout and having post-graduate education in intensive/palliative care protected professionals from developing this syndrome. This highlights the need for promoting empowering workplace conditions, such as team empowerment and conflict management. Moreover, findings suggest the need for implementing quality improvement strategies and organizational redesign strategies aimed at integrating the philosophy, principles and practices of palliative care in intensive care units.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Carla Margarida Teixeira
- Instituto de Bioética, Universidade Católica Portuguesa, Porto, Portugal
- Hospital de Santo António, Centro Hospitalar do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Dr. Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Ana Sofia Carvalho
- Instituto de Bioética, Universidade Católica Portuguesa, Porto, Portugal
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Alexandrova-Karamanova A, Todorova I, Montgomery A, Panagopoulou E, Costa P, Baban A, Davas A, Milosevic M, Mijakoski D. Burnout and health behaviors in health professionals from seven European countries. Int Arch Occup Environ Health 2016; 89:1059-75. [PMID: 27251338 DOI: 10.1007/s00420-016-1143-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2015] [Accepted: 05/18/2016] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Within an underlying health-impairing process, work stressors exhaust employees' mental and physical resources and lead to exhaustion/burnout and to health problems, with health-impairing behaviors being one of the potential mechanisms, linking burnout to ill health. The study aims to explore the associations between burnout and fast food consumption, exercise, alcohol consumption and painkiller use in a multinational sample of 2623 doctors, nurses and residents from Greece, Portugal, Bulgaria, Romania, Turkey, Croatia and Macedonia, adopting a cross-national approach. METHODS Data are part of the international cross-sectional quantitative ORCAB survey. The measures included the Maslach Burnout Inventory and the Health Behaviors Questionnaire. RESULTS Burnout was significantly positively associated with higher fast food consumption, infrequent exercise, higher alcohol consumption and more frequent painkiller use in the full sample, and these associations remained significant after the inclusion of individual differences factors and country of residence. Cross-national comparisons showed significant differences in burnout and health behaviors, and some differences in the statistical significance and magnitude (but not the direction) of the associations between them. Health professionals from Turkey, Greece and Bulgaria reported the most unfavorable experiences. CONCLUSIONS Burnout and risk health behaviors among health professionals are important both in the context of health professionals' health and well-being and as factors contributing to medical errors and inadequate patient safety. Organizational interventions should incorporate early identification of such behaviors together with programs promoting health and aimed at the reduction of burnout and work-related stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Alexandrova-Karamanova
- Health Psychology Research Center, PO Box 238, 1113, Sofia, Bulgaria. .,Department of Psychology, Institute for Population and Human Studies, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bonchev Street, bl. 6, fl. 5/6, 1113, Sofia, Bulgaria.
| | - Irina Todorova
- Health Psychology Research Center, PO Box 238, 1113, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Anthony Montgomery
- Department of Education and Social Policy, University of Macedonia, 156 Egnatia Street, 540 06, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Efharis Panagopoulou
- Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Patricia Costa
- Business Research Unit - Instituto Universitário de Lisboa, Av. das Forças Armadas, Edificio ISCTE-IUL, 1649-026, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Adriana Baban
- Department of Psychology, Babes Bolyai University, 37 Republicii Street, 400015, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Asli Davas
- Department of Public Health, Ege University, Halk Sagligi AD, 35100, Bornova, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Milan Milosevic
- School of Medicine, Andrija Stampar School of Public Health, University of Zagreb, Rockefellerova 4, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Dragan Mijakoski
- Institute of Occupational Health of RM, WHO Collaborating Center, II Makedonska Brigada 43, Skopje, Republic of Macedonia
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