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Niu B, Pan T, Xiao Y, Wang H, Zhu J, Tian F, Lu W, Chen W. The therapeutic potential of dietary intervention: based on the mechanism of a tryptophan derivative-indole propionic acid on metabolic disorders. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2024:1-20. [PMID: 38189263 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2023.2299744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
Tryptophan (TRP) contributes to individual immune homeostasis and good condition via three complex metabolism pathways (5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT), kynurenine (KP), and gut microbiota pathway). Indole propionic acid (IPA), one of the TRP derivatives of the microbiota pathway, has raised more attention because of its impact on metabolic disorders. Here, we retrospect increasing evidence that TRP metabolites/IPA derived from its proteolysis impact host health and disease. IPA can activate the immune system through aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) and/or Pregnane X receptor (PXR) as a vital mediator among diet-caused host and microbe cross-talk. Different levels of IPA in systemic circulation can predict the risk of NAFLD, T2DM, and CVD. IPA is suggested to alleviate cognitive impairment from oxidative damage, reduce gut inflammation, inhibit lipid accumulation and attenuate the symptoms of NAFLD, putatively enhance the intestinal epithelial barrier, and maintain intestinal homeostasis. Now, we provide a general description of the relationships between IPA and various physiological and pathological processes, which support an opportunity for diet intervention for metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ben Niu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Tong Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Yue Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Hongchao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Jinlin Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Fengwei Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Wenwei Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Wei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
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Michaels M, Madsen KL. Immunometabolism and microbial metabolites at the gut barrier: Lessons for therapeutic intervention in inflammatory bowel disease. Mucosal Immunol 2023; 16:72-85. [PMID: 36642380 DOI: 10.1016/j.mucimm.2022.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2022] [Revised: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
The concept of immunometabolism has emerged recently whereby the repolarizing of inflammatory immune cells toward anti-inflammatory profiles by manipulating cellular metabolism represents a new potential therapeutic approach to controlling inflammation. Metabolic pathways in immune cells are tightly regulated to maintain immune homeostasis and appropriate functional specificity. Because effector and regulatory immune cell populations have different metabolic requirements, this allows for cellular selectivity when regulating immune responses based on metabolic pathways. Gut microbes have a major role in modulating immune cell metabolic profiles and functional responses through extensive interactions involving metabolic products and crosstalk between gut microbes, intestinal epithelial cells, and mucosal immune cells. Developing strategies to target metabolic pathways in mucosal immune cells through the modulation of gut microbial metabolism has the potential for new therapeutic approaches for human autoimmune and inflammatory diseases, such as inflammatory bowel disease. This review will give an overview of the relationship between metabolic reprogramming and immune responses, how microbial metabolites influence these interactions, and how these pathways could be harnessed in the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margret Michaels
- University of Alberta, Department of Medicine, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Karen L Madsen
- University of Alberta, Department of Medicine, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada; IMPACTT: Integrated Microbiome Platforms for Advancing Causation Testing & Translation, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.
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Bone C, Squires EJ. Nuclear Receptor Pathways Mediating the Development of Boar Taint. Metabolites 2022; 12:metabo12090785. [PMID: 36144190 PMCID: PMC9503508 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12090785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Revised: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The nuclear receptors PXR, CAR, and FXR are activated by various ligands and function as transcription factors to control the expression of genes that regulate the synthesis and metabolism of androstenone and skatole. These compounds are produced in entire male pigs and accumulate in the fat to cause the development of a meat quality issue known as boar taint. The extent of this accumulation is influenced by the synthesis and hepatic clearance of androstenone and skatole. For this reason, PXR, CAR, and FXR-mediated signaling pathways have garnered interest as potential targets for specialized treatments designed to reduce the development of boar taint. Recent research has also identified several metabolites produced by gut microbes that act as ligands for these nuclear receptors (e.g., tryptophan metabolites, short-chain fatty acids, bile acids); however, the connection between the gut microbiome and boar taint development is not clear. In this review, we describe the nuclear receptor signaling pathways that regulate the synthesis and metabolism of boar taint compounds and outline the genes involved. We also discuss several microbial-derived metabolites and dietary additives that are known or suspected nuclear receptor ligands and suggest how these compounds could be used to develop novel treatments for boar taint.
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Li X, Zhang B, Hu Y, Zhao Y. New Insights Into Gut-Bacteria-Derived Indole and Its Derivatives in Intestinal and Liver Diseases. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:769501. [PMID: 34966278 PMCID: PMC8710772 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.769501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The interaction between host and microorganism widely affects the immune and metabolic status. Indole and its derivatives are metabolites produced by the metabolism of tryptophan catalyzed by intestinal microorganisms. By activating nuclear receptors, regulating intestinal hormones, and affecting the biological effects of bacteria as signaling molecules, indole and its derivatives maintain intestinal homeostasis and impact liver metabolism and the immune response, which shows good therapeutic prospects. We reviewed recent studies on indole and its derivatives, including related metabolism, the influence of diets and intestinal commensal bacteria, and the targets and mechanisms in pathological conditions, especially progress in therapeutic strategies. New research insights into indoles will facilitate a better understanding of their druggability and application in intestinal and liver diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojing Li
- Key Laboratory of Liver and Kidney Diseases (Ministry of Education), Institute of Liver Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Clinical Medicine, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Binbin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Liver and Kidney Diseases (Ministry of Education), Institute of Liver Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Clinical Medicine, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yiyang Hu
- Key Laboratory of Liver and Kidney Diseases (Ministry of Education), Institute of Liver Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Clinical Medicine, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Liver and Kidney Diseases (Ministry of Education), Institute of Liver Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Clinical Medicine, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Liquid-Chromatographic Methods for Carboxylic Acids in Biological Samples. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25214883. [PMID: 33105855 PMCID: PMC7660098 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25214883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Revised: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Carboxyl-bearing low-molecular-weight compounds such as keto acids, fatty acids, and other organic acids are involved in a myriad of metabolic pathways owing to their high polarity and solubility in biological fluids. Various disease areas such as cancer, myeloid leukemia, heart disease, liver disease, and lifestyle diseases (obesity and diabetes) were found to be related to certain metabolic pathways and changes in the concentrations of the compounds involved in those pathways. Therefore, the quantification of such compounds provides useful information pertaining to diagnosis, pathological conditions, and disease mechanisms, spurring the development of numerous analytical methods for this purpose. This review article addresses analytical methods for the quantification of carboxylic acids, which were classified into fatty acids, tricarboxylic acid cycle and glycolysis-related compounds, amino acid metabolites, perfluorinated carboxylic acids, α-keto acids and their metabolites, thiazole-containing carboxylic acids, and miscellaneous, in biological samples from 2000 to date. Methods involving liquid chromatography coupled with ultraviolet, fluorescence, mass spectrometry, and electrochemical detection were summarized.
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Pork Production with Entire Males: Directions for Control of Boar Taint. Animals (Basel) 2020; 10:ani10091665. [PMID: 32947846 PMCID: PMC7552340 DOI: 10.3390/ani10091665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Revised: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Castration of male piglets has traditionally been carried out to control boar taint, but animal welfare concerns about surgical castration has brought this practice under scrutiny. In addition, castration decreases growth performance and increases the environmental impact of pork production, so alternatives to castration are needed to control boar taint. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge on boar taint metabolism and outline some key areas that require further study. We also describe some opportunities for controlling the boar taint problem and propose that by defining the differences in metabolic processes and the genetic variations that can lead to boar taint in individual pigs, we can design effective custom solutions for boar taint. Abstract Boar taint is caused by the accumulation of androstenone and skatole and other indoles in the fat; this is regulated by the balance between synthesis and degradation of these compounds and can be affected by a number of factors, including environment and management practices, sexual maturity, nutrition, and genetics. Boar taint can be controlled by immunocastration, but this practice has not been accepted in some countries. Genetics offers a long-term solution to the boar taint problem via selective breeding or genome editing. A number of short-term strategies to control boar taint have been proposed, but these can have inconsistent effects and there is too much variability between breeds and individuals to implement a blanket solution for boar taint. Therefore, we propose a precision livestock management approach to developing solutions for controlling taint. This involves determining the differences in metabolic processes and the genetic variations that cause boar taint in specific groups of pigs and using this information to design custom treatments based on the cause of boar taint. Genetic, proteomic or metabolomic profiling can then be used to identify and implement effective solutions for boar taint for specific populations of animals.
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Burkina V, Zlabek V, Rasmussen MK, Zamaratskaia G. End-product inhibition of skatole-metabolising enzymes CYP1A, CYP2A19 and CYP2E1 in porcine and piscine hepatic microsomes. Toxicol Lett 2019; 303:67-71. [PMID: 30599194 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2018.12.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2018] [Revised: 12/19/2018] [Accepted: 12/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The hepatic cytochrome p450 enzymes 1 A, 2A19 and 2E1 is very important for the elimination of skatole from the body of pigs. Impaired skatole metabolism, results in skatole accumulation, which give rise to off flavor of the meat. Several metabolites of skatole has been identified, however the role of these metabolites in the inhibition of the skatole metabolizing enzymes are not documented. Using microsomes from pigs and fish, we determined the ability of several skatole metabolites to inhibit CYP1 A, CYP2A19 and CYP2E1 dependent activity. Our results show that 2-aminoacetophenone is an inhibitor of porcine CYP2A19 and CYP2E1 activity, but not the piscine orthologues. In conclusion, there is species specific differences in the inhibition of CYP1 A and CYP2A19 dependent metabolism of probe substrates. This is relevant to the evaluation of different model systems and to the reduction of off flavor of meat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viktoriia Burkina
- Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala Department of Molecular Science, P.O. Box 7015, SE-750 07, Uppsala, Sweden; University of South Bohemia in Ceske Budejovice, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Centre of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Zatisi 728/II, 389 25, Vodnany, Czech Republic.
| | - Vladimir Zlabek
- University of South Bohemia in Ceske Budejovice, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Centre of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Zatisi 728/II, 389 25, Vodnany, Czech Republic.
| | | | - Galia Zamaratskaia
- Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala Department of Molecular Science, P.O. Box 7015, SE-750 07, Uppsala, Sweden; University of South Bohemia in Ceske Budejovice, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Centre of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Zatisi 728/II, 389 25, Vodnany, Czech Republic.
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Simeoni M, Citraro ML, Cerantonio A, Deodato F, Provenzano M, Cianfrone P, Capria M, Corrado S, Libri E, Comi A, Pujia A, Abenavoli L, Andreucci M, Cocchi M, Montalcini T, Fuiano G. An open-label, randomized, placebo-controlled study on the effectiveness of a novel probiotics administration protocol (ProbiotiCKD) in patients with mild renal insufficiency (stage 3a of CKD). Eur J Nutr 2018; 58:2145-2156. [PMID: 30076458 PMCID: PMC6647244 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-018-1785-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2017] [Accepted: 07/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Purpose Gut dysbiosis has been described in advanced, but not in initial stages of CKD. Considering the relevant impact of gut dysbiosis on renal and cardiovascular risk, its diagnosis and treatment are clinically relevant. Methods We designed, open-label, placebo-controlled intervention study (ProbiotiCKD) to evaluate gut microbiota metabolism in a cohort of KDIGO CKD patients (n = 28) at baseline and after a randomly assigned treatment with probiotics or placebo. Gut microbiota status was evaluated on:. Results Basal mean fecal Lactobacillales and Bifidobacteria concentrations were abnormally low in both groups, while urinary indican and 3-MI levels were, indicating a mixed (fermentative and putrefactive) dysbiosis. After treatment, mean fecal Lactobacillales and Bifidobacteria concentrations were increased, only in the probiotics group (p < 0.001). Conversely, mean urinary indican and 3-MI levels only in the group treated with probiotics (p < 0.001). Compared to placebo group, significant improvements of C-reactive protein (p < 0.001), iron (p < 0.001), ferritin (p < 0.001), transferrin saturation (p < 0.001), β2-microglobulin (p < 0.001), serum iPTH and serum calcium were observed only in the probiotics group. Conclusions ProbiotiCKD is the first intervention study demonstrating that an intestinal mixed dysbiosis is present even in early CKD stage and can be effectively corrected by the novel mode of administration of high-quality probiotics with improvement of inflammatory indices, iron status and iPTH stabilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariadelina Simeoni
- Nephrology Unit, Department of Surgical and Medical Science, 'Magna Graecia' University Hospital, Viale Europa, Germaneto Area, 88100, Catanzaro, CZ, Italy.
| | - Maria Lucia Citraro
- Nephrology Unit, Department of Surgical and Medical Science, 'Magna Graecia' University Hospital, Viale Europa, Germaneto Area, 88100, Catanzaro, CZ, Italy
| | - Annamaria Cerantonio
- Nephrology Unit, Department of Surgical and Medical Science, 'Magna Graecia' University Hospital, Viale Europa, Germaneto Area, 88100, Catanzaro, CZ, Italy
| | - Francesca Deodato
- Nephrology Unit, Department of Surgical and Medical Science, 'Magna Graecia' University Hospital, Viale Europa, Germaneto Area, 88100, Catanzaro, CZ, Italy
| | - Michele Provenzano
- Nephrology Unit, Department of Surgical and Medical Science, 'Magna Graecia' University Hospital, Viale Europa, Germaneto Area, 88100, Catanzaro, CZ, Italy
| | - Paola Cianfrone
- Nephrology Unit, Department of Surgical and Medical Science, 'Magna Graecia' University Hospital, Viale Europa, Germaneto Area, 88100, Catanzaro, CZ, Italy
| | - Maria Capria
- Nephrology Unit, Department of Surgical and Medical Science, 'Magna Graecia' University Hospital, Viale Europa, Germaneto Area, 88100, Catanzaro, CZ, Italy
| | - Silvia Corrado
- Nephrology Unit, Department of Surgical and Medical Science, 'Magna Graecia' University Hospital, Viale Europa, Germaneto Area, 88100, Catanzaro, CZ, Italy
| | - Emanuela Libri
- Nephrology Unit, Department of Surgical and Medical Science, 'Magna Graecia' University Hospital, Viale Europa, Germaneto Area, 88100, Catanzaro, CZ, Italy
| | - Alessandro Comi
- Nephrology Unit, Department of Surgical and Medical Science, 'Magna Graecia' University Hospital, Viale Europa, Germaneto Area, 88100, Catanzaro, CZ, Italy
| | - Arturo Pujia
- Clinical Nutrition Unit, 'Magna Graecia' University Hospital, 88100, Catanzaro, CZ, Italy
| | - Ludovico Abenavoli
- Digestive Physiopathology Unit, 'Magna Graecia' University Hospital, 88100, Catanzaro, CZ, Italy
| | - Michele Andreucci
- Nephrology Unit, Department of Surgical and Medical Science, 'Magna Graecia' University Hospital, Viale Europa, Germaneto Area, 88100, Catanzaro, CZ, Italy
| | - Massimo Cocchi
- "Paolo Sotgiu" Institute for Research in Quantitative and Quantum Psychiatry and Cardiology, LUdeS, Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Tiziana Montalcini
- Clinical Nutrition Unit, 'Magna Graecia' University Hospital, 88100, Catanzaro, CZ, Italy
| | - Giorgio Fuiano
- Nephrology Unit, Department of Surgical and Medical Science, 'Magna Graecia' University Hospital, Viale Europa, Germaneto Area, 88100, Catanzaro, CZ, Italy
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