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Qiu J, Craven CB, Wawryk NJP, Ouyang G, Li XF. Unique On-Site Spinning Sampling of Highly Water-Soluble Organics Using Functionalized Monolithic Sorbents. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2022; 56:8094-8102. [PMID: 35622959 PMCID: PMC9228052 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.2c01202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Revised: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Water utilities encounter unpredictable odor issues that cannot be explained by routine water parameters during spring runoff, even in the summer and fall. Highly water-soluble organics (e.g., amino acids and saccharides) have been reported to form odorous disinfection byproducts during disinfection, but the lack of simple and practical on-site sampling techniques hampers their routine monitoring at trace levels in source water. Therefore, we have created two functionalized nested-in-sponge silica monoliths (NiS-SMs) using a one-pot synthesis method and demonstrated their application for extracting highly soluble organics in water. The NiS-SMs functionalized with the sulfonic group and phenylboronic moiety selectively extracted amino acids and monosaccharides, respectively. We further developed a spinning sampling technique using the composites and evaluated its robust performance under varying water conditions. The spinning sampling coupled to high-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry analysis provided limits of detection for amino acids at 0.038-0.092 ng L-1 and monosaccharides at 0.036-0.14 ng L-1. Using the pre-equilibrium sampling-rate calibration, we demonstrated the applicability of the spinning sampling technique for on-site sampling and monitoring of amino acids and monosaccharides in river water. The new composite materials and rapid on-site sampling technique are unique and efficient tools for monitoring highly soluble organics in water sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junlang Qiu
- Division
of Analytical and Environmental Toxicology, Department of Laboratory
Medicine and Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G3, Canada
- School
of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Caley B. Craven
- Division
of Analytical and Environmental Toxicology, Department of Laboratory
Medicine and Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G3, Canada
| | - Nicholas J. P. Wawryk
- Division
of Analytical and Environmental Toxicology, Department of Laboratory
Medicine and Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G3, Canada
| | - Gangfeng Ouyang
- School
of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Xing-Fang Li
- Division
of Analytical and Environmental Toxicology, Department of Laboratory
Medicine and Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G3, Canada
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2
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Fast and efficient analyses of the post-mortem human blood and bone marrow using DI-SPME/LC-TOFMS method for forensic medicine purposes. Talanta 2020; 209:120533. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2019.120533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Revised: 10/28/2019] [Accepted: 10/30/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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3
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Ghidotti M, Fabbri D, Torri C. Determination of linear and cyclic volatile methyl siloxanes in biogas and biomethane by solid-phase microextraction and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Talanta 2018; 195:258-264. [PMID: 30625541 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2018.11.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2018] [Revised: 11/08/2018] [Accepted: 11/09/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
A new method based on solid-phase microextraction (SPME) followed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) was developed for the analysis of seven linear (L2 - L5) and cyclic (D3 - D5) volatile methyl siloxanes (VMS) in biogas and biomethane, directly collected into Tedlar® bags (Tedlar SPME) from anaerobic digesters and wastewater treatment plants. The method was employed to monitor VMS content in biomethane produced by biogas upgrading with a pilot-plant membrane unit and provided adequate limits of quantification (< 0.05 mg m-3) to detect trace siloxane impurities. Tedlar SPME was validated against a standard procedure based on indirect sampling of gas streams with sorbent tubes followed by solvent extraction and GC-MS. Method precision (RSD) on total and individual VMS concentrations was lower than 10%, while RSD values of the standard procedure were higher than 20%. Tedlar SPME suitably revealed high VMS levels, expressed as total volatile silicon (> 1 mgSim-3), in wastewater biogas and provided a more efficient sampling of heavier VMS in comparison to the sorbent tubes method. At low values (< 0.1 mgSim-3) typical of wood waste biogas and biomethane, no statistically significant differences were observed between the two methods. Overall, Tedlar SPME simplified the analytical procedure by reducing the procedural steps, avoiding the use of solvents and demonstrated its applicability for testing the quality of biomethane as advanced biofuel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele Ghidotti
- Interdepartmental Centre for Industrial Research "FRAME" and Department of Chemistry "Giacomo Ciamician", University of Bologna, Ravenna Campus, via S.Alberto 163, I-48123 Ravenna, Italy.
| | - Daniele Fabbri
- Interdepartmental Centre for Industrial Research "FRAME" and Department of Chemistry "Giacomo Ciamician", University of Bologna, Ravenna Campus, via S.Alberto 163, I-48123 Ravenna, Italy
| | - Cristian Torri
- Interdepartmental Centre for Industrial Research "FRAME" and Department of Chemistry "Giacomo Ciamician", University of Bologna, Ravenna Campus, via S.Alberto 163, I-48123 Ravenna, Italy
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4
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Alam MN, Ricardez-Sandoval L, Pawliszyn J. Calibrant Free Sampling and Enrichment with Solid-Phase Microextraction: Computational Simulation and Experimental Verification. Ind Eng Chem Res 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.7b00131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Md. Nazmul Alam
- Department
of Chemistry, and ‡Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Luis Ricardez-Sandoval
- Department
of Chemistry, and ‡Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Janusz Pawliszyn
- Department
of Chemistry, and ‡Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, N2L 3G1, Canada
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5
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Souza-Silva ÉA, Gionfriddo E, Alam MN, Pawliszyn J. Insights into the Effect of the PDMS-Layer on the Kinetics and Thermodynamics of Analyte Sorption onto the Matrix-Compatible Solid Phase Microextraction Coating. Anal Chem 2017; 89:2978-2985. [PMID: 28192963 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.6b04442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The currently presented research investigated the performance of matrix compatible PDMS-overcoated fibers (PDMS-DVB/PDMS) as compared to unmodified PDMS/DVB coatings using aqueous samples and employing a wide range of analyte polarities, molecular weights, and functionalities. In the first part of the work, a kinetic approach was taken to investigate the effect of the PDMS outer layer on the uptake rate of analytes during the mass transfer process. In short, the results can be simplified into two models: (1) the rate-limiting step is the diffusion through the coating and (2) the rate-limiting step is the diffusion through the aqueous diffusional boundary layer. For polar compounds, according to the theoretical discussion, the rate-limiting step is the diffusion through the coating; therefore, the outer PDMS layer influences the uptake rate into the matrix compatible coatings. On the other hand, for nonpolar compounds, the rate-limiting step of the uptake process is diffusion through the aqueous diffusional boundary layer; as such, the overcoated PDMS does not affect uptake rate into the matrix-compatible coatings as compared to DVB/PDMS fibers. From a thermodynamic point of view, the calculated fiber constants further corroborate the hypothesis that the additional PDMS layer does not impair the extraction phase capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Érica A Souza-Silva
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo , Waterloo, Ontario, Canada N2L 3G1
| | - Emanuela Gionfriddo
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo , Waterloo, Ontario, Canada N2L 3G1
| | - Md Nazmul Alam
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo , Waterloo, Ontario, Canada N2L 3G1
| | - Janusz Pawliszyn
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo , Waterloo, Ontario, Canada N2L 3G1
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6
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Poole C, Mester Z, Miró M, Pedersen-Bjergaard S, Pawliszyn J. Extraction for analytical scale sample preparation (IUPAC Technical Report). PURE APPL CHEM 2016. [DOI: 10.1515/pac-2015-0705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Approaches for sample preparation are developing rapidly as new strategies are implemented to improve sample throughput and to minimize material and solvent use in laboratory methods and to develop on-site capabilities. In majority of cases the key step in sample preparation is extraction, typically used to separate and enrich compounds of interests from the matrix in the extraction phase. In this contribution, the topic of analytical scale extraction is put in perspective emphasising the fundamental aspects of the underlying processes discussing the similarities and differences between different approaches. Classification of extraction techniques according to the mass transfer principles is provided.
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7
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Zhu S, Zhang X, Cui J, Shi YE, Jiang X, Liu Z, Zhan J. Silver nanoplate-decorated copper wire for the on-site microextraction and detection of perchlorate using a portable Raman spectrometer. Analyst 2015; 140:2815-22. [DOI: 10.1039/c4an02109f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Silver nanoplates were decorated on a copper wire for the on-site microextraction and detection of perchlorate using a portable Raman spectrometer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sha Zhu
- Key Laboratory for Colloid & Interface Chemistry of Education Ministry
- Department of Chemistry
- Shandong University
- Jinan Shandong
- P. R. China
| | - Xiaoli Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Colloid & Interface Chemistry of Education Ministry
- Department of Chemistry
- Shandong University
- Jinan Shandong
- P. R. China
| | - Jingcheng Cui
- Key Laboratory for Colloid & Interface Chemistry of Education Ministry
- Department of Chemistry
- Shandong University
- Jinan Shandong
- P. R. China
| | - Yu-e Shi
- Key Laboratory for Colloid & Interface Chemistry of Education Ministry
- Department of Chemistry
- Shandong University
- Jinan Shandong
- P. R. China
| | - Xiaohong Jiang
- Key Laboratory for Colloid & Interface Chemistry of Education Ministry
- Department of Chemistry
- Shandong University
- Jinan Shandong
- P. R. China
| | - Zhen Liu
- Key Laboratory for Colloid & Interface Chemistry of Education Ministry
- Department of Chemistry
- Shandong University
- Jinan Shandong
- P. R. China
| | - Jinhua Zhan
- Key Laboratory for Colloid & Interface Chemistry of Education Ministry
- Department of Chemistry
- Shandong University
- Jinan Shandong
- P. R. China
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8
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Risticevic S, Pawliszyn J. Solid-phase microextraction in targeted and nontargeted analysis: displacement and desorption effects. Anal Chem 2013; 85:8987-95. [PMID: 23984948 DOI: 10.1021/ac4003112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
An aqueous multicomponent mixture containing a wide range of volatility and polarity compounds (log Kow range 1.26-8.72) was used to clearly define the capabilities and limitations of headspace solid-phase microextraction in quantification of multicomponent complex samples. Commercially available fiber coatings were evaluated by investigating the extraction efficiency and desorption carryover. Comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography/time-of-flight mass spectrometry was selected to map out the differences between the coatings. The investigated components were chosen to represent several homologous groups of metabolites most frequently present in complex food and environmental samples, including straight-chain hydrocarbons, primary alcohols, secondary alcohols, 2-ketones, aldehydes, ethyl esters, and terpenes. Particular emphasis was placed on examination of coating saturation and interanalyte displacements. These effects were assessed by evaluating the linear dynamic range obtained for spiked aqueous samples with divinylbenzene/Carboxen/poly(dimethylsiloxane) fiber. This coating was found to provide the optimum extraction coverage and sensitivity for the widest range of analytes. Displacement investigations were extended to apple homogenate characterized by high chemical diversity. The results indicate that interanalyte displacements are infrequent in the naturally occurring samples considered in this study. When displacements take place, they tend to occur for analytes characterized by small distribution constants, and they can be effectively detected by adding such compounds to the sample and corrected by selecting a shorter extraction time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanja Risticevic
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo , 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada N2L 3G1
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9
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Yeung JCY, de Lannoy I, Gien B, Vuckovic D, Yang Y, Bojko B, Pawliszyn J. Semi-automated in vivo solid-phase microextraction sampling and the diffusion-based interface calibration model to determine the pharmacokinetics of methoxyfenoterol and fenoterol in rats. Anal Chim Acta 2012; 742:37-44. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2012.01.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2011] [Revised: 01/18/2012] [Accepted: 01/19/2012] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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10
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Gómez Alvarez E, Moreno MV, Gligorovski S, Wortham H, Cases MV. Characterisation and calibration of active sampling Solid Phase Microextraction applied to sensitive determination of gaseous carbonyls. Talanta 2012; 88:252-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2011.10.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2011] [Revised: 10/09/2011] [Accepted: 10/16/2011] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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11
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Li X, Wang H, Sun W, Ding L. Desorption Corona Beam Ionization Coupled with a Poly(dimethylsiloxane) Substrate: Broadening the Application of Ambient Ionization for Water Samples. Anal Chem 2010; 82:9188-93. [DOI: 10.1021/ac102356r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Li
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China and Shimadzu Research Laboratory (Shanghai) Company, Ltd., Shanghai 201201, China
| | - Hua Wang
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China and Shimadzu Research Laboratory (Shanghai) Company, Ltd., Shanghai 201201, China
| | - Wenjian Sun
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China and Shimadzu Research Laboratory (Shanghai) Company, Ltd., Shanghai 201201, China
| | - Li Ding
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China and Shimadzu Research Laboratory (Shanghai) Company, Ltd., Shanghai 201201, China
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12
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Solid-phase microextraction in bioanalysis: New devices and directions. J Chromatogr A 2010; 1217:4041-60. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2009.11.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 166] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2009] [Revised: 11/03/2009] [Accepted: 11/18/2009] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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13
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Yeung JCY, Vuckovic D, Pawliszyn J. Comparison and validation of calibration methods for in vivo SPME determinations using an artificial vein system. Anal Chim Acta 2010; 665:160-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2010.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2009] [Revised: 03/02/2010] [Accepted: 03/02/2010] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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14
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Hyötyläinen T. Critical evaluation of sample pretreatment techniques. Anal Bioanal Chem 2009; 394:743-58. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-009-2772-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2009] [Revised: 03/18/2009] [Accepted: 03/25/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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15
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Ouyang G, Pawliszyn J. A critical review in calibration methods for solid-phase microextraction. Anal Chim Acta 2008; 627:184-97. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2008.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 180] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2008] [Revised: 08/09/2008] [Accepted: 08/11/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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16
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Ouyang G, Cai J, Zhang X, Li H, Pawliszyn J. Standard-free kinetic calibration for rapid on-site analysis by solid-phase microextraction. J Sep Sci 2008; 31:1167-72. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.200700495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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17
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Ouyang G, Pawliszyn J. Configurations and calibration methods for passive sampling techniques. J Chromatogr A 2007; 1168:226-35; discussion 225. [PMID: 17449049 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2007.01.133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2007] [Revised: 01/18/2007] [Accepted: 01/25/2007] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Passive sampling technology has developed very quickly in the past 15 years, and is widely used for the monitoring of pollutants in different environments. The design and quantification of passive sampling devices require an appropriate calibration method. Current calibration methods that exist for passive sampling, including equilibrium extraction, linear uptake, and kinetic calibration, are presented in this review. A number of state-of-the-art passive sampling devices that can be used for aqueous and air monitoring are introduced according to their calibration methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gangfeng Ouyang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China.
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18
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Heffner C, Silwal I, Peckenham JM, Solouki T. Emerging technologies for identification of disinfection byproducts: GC/FT-ICR MS characterization of solvent artifacts. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2007; 41:5419-25. [PMID: 17822111 DOI: 10.1021/es062441+] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Water samples from a local water treatment plant were analyzed, using gas chromatography Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (GC/FT-ICR MS), to identify potential disinfection byproducts (DBPs). Both liquid-liquid extraction (LLE) and solid-phase microextraction (SPME) techniques were used for sample preparation prior to GC/MS analyses. Based on the averaged mass measurement accuracy (MMA) of better than five parts-per-million (<5 ppm), multiple solvent artifacts were identified. It is shown that solventless SPME can be utilized to reduce potential interferences from solvent stabilizers. Six DBPs were detected and their molecular compositions were assigned at a high level of confidence. At the ppb concentration ranges and in the broadband mass spectral detection mode, internally calibrated mass spectra provided concurrent high resolution (resolving power M/deltaM50% > 30,000 at m/z values -110) and MMA of better than one part-per-million (MMA < 1 ppm). The use of thermochemical data, such as proton affinities, as a complementary tool to enhance analytical resolution is also demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caleb Heffner
- Department of Chemistry, and Mitchell Center for Environmental & Watershed Research, University of Maine, 5706 Aubert Hall, Orono, Maine 04469-5706, USA
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19
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Ogawa M, Saito Y, Ueta I, Jinno K. Fiber-packed needle for dynamic extraction of aromatic compounds. Anal Bioanal Chem 2007; 388:619-25. [PMID: 17393146 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-007-1255-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2006] [Revised: 03/06/2007] [Accepted: 03/09/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
A fiber-packed needle was developed as a novel extraction device for gas-chromatographic analysis of trace organic compounds in aqueous samples. In the extraction device, a bundle of the polymer-coated filaments as the sorbent material was longitudinally packed into a specially designed needle. The extraction was made by pumping the aqueous sample solution into the needle extraction device, and the subsequent desorption process was carried out with a flow of desorption solvent through the needle in a heated gas chromatograph injector. The needle device showed an excellent thermal stability for repeated use without any deterioration of extraction performance, and no carryover effect was observed after the optimization of the desorption conditions. Additionally, the extraction efficiency of the fiber-packed needle could be enhanced by optimizing the number of packed filaments. The selectivity for various compounds could be also tuned using an appropriate combination of the fibrous medium and the coating polymer. The relative standard deviation for run to run was from 3.88 to 4.55% (n = 5), and that for needle to needle was 7.21% (n = 3), clearly suggesting a good repeatability of the needle extraction technique developed. Upon successful optimization of the extraction conditions, a rapid extraction of trace organic compounds from an aqueous sample matrix was successfully demonstrated, where each extraction process was completed within 10 min.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitsuhiro Ogawa
- School of Materials Science, Toyohashi University of Technology, Toyohashi, 441-8580, Japan
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20
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Kloskowski A, Chrzanowski W, Pilarczyk M, Namiesnik J. Modern Techniques of Sample Preparation for Determination of Organic Analytes by Gas Chromatography. Crit Rev Anal Chem 2007. [DOI: 10.1080/10408340600976663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Adam Kloskowski
- a Department of Physical Chemistry , Gdansk University of Technology , Gdansk, Poland
| | - Wojciech Chrzanowski
- a Department of Physical Chemistry , Gdansk University of Technology , Gdansk, Poland
| | - Michał Pilarczyk
- a Department of Physical Chemistry , Gdansk University of Technology , Gdansk, Poland
| | - Jacek Namiesnik
- b Department of Analytical Chemistry , Gdansk University of Technology , Gdansk, Poland
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21
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Microanalysis of Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) in Water Samples – Methods and Instruments. Mikrochim Acta 2006. [DOI: 10.1007/s00604-006-0630-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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22
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Ouyang G, Pawliszyn J. SPME in environmental analysis. Anal Bioanal Chem 2006; 386:1059-73. [PMID: 16673085 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-006-0460-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 169] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2006] [Revised: 03/29/2006] [Accepted: 03/30/2006] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Recent advances in the use of solid-phase microextraction (SPME) in environmental analysis, including fiber coatings, derivatization techniques, and in-tube SPME, are reviewed in this article. Several calibration methods for SPME, including traditional calibration methods, the equilibrium extraction method, the exhaustive extraction method, and several diffusion-based calibration methods, are presented. Recent developed SPME devices for on-site sampling and several applications of SPME in environmental analysis are also introduced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gangfeng Ouyang
- chool of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, People's Republic of China
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23
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Vrana B, Allan IJ, Greenwood R, Mills GA, Dominiak E, Svensson K, Knutsson J, Morrison G. Passive sampling techniques for monitoring pollutants in water. Trends Analyt Chem 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2005.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 579] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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24
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Tang B, Isacsson U. Determination of aromatic hydrocarbons in asphalt release agents using headspace solid-phase microextraction and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 2005; 1069:235-44. [PMID: 15830950 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2005.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The possibility of quantitative analysis of aromatic hydrocarbons in oil-based asphalt release agents was investigated using headspace solid-phase microextraction (HS-SPME) followed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The target analytes studied were benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, p-, m-, and o-xylene (BTEX) and 1,3,5-trimethylbenzene and 1,2,4-trimethylbenzene. Experimental parameters influencing HS-SPME efficiency were studied (equilibration time between sample and headspace and between headspace and SPME fiber, sample amount and sample matrice effects). A HS-SPME method using hexadecane as a surrogate matrice was developed. The detection limit was estimated as 0.03-0.08 ppm (w/w) for the target analytes investigated. Good linearity was observed (R2 > 0.999) for all calibration curves at high, medium and low concentration level. The repeatability of the method (RSD, relative standard deviation) was found to be less than 10% (generally less than 5%) in triplicate samples and approximately 2% at eight consecutive tests on one and the same sample. The accuracy of the method given by recovery of spiked samples was between 85 and 106% (generally between 95 and 105%). The HS-SPME method developed was applied to four commercially available asphalt release agents. External calibration and standard addition approaches were investigated regarding accuracy. The results showed that standard addition generates higher accuracy than external calibration. The contents of target aromatic hydrocarbons in the asphalt release agents studied varied greatly from approximately 0.1-700 ppm. The method described looks promising, and could be a valuable tool for determination of aromatic hydrocarbons in different types of organic matrices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Tang
- Department of Civil and Architectural Engineering, Royal Institute of Technology, SE-10044 Stockholm, Sweden
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Paschke A, Popp P. Diffusion-based calibration for solid-phase microextraction of benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, p-xylene and chlorobenzenes from aqueous samples. J Chromatogr A 2004; 1025:11-6. [PMID: 14753665 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2003.08.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Short-term solid-phase microextraction (SPME) was performed to test a recently proposed semi-empirical model for the prediction of concentrations of analyte in water samples from the fibre-extracted mass without further calibration. The mass uptake rates obtained for benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene and p-xylene (BTEX) differ considerably from the before published, showing that interfibre comparability is a serious issue. The relative prediction errors are between -55% for benzene and +82% for p-dichlorobenzene under optimal conditions, i.e. they are by an order of magnitude higher than originally published. A sensitivity analysis shows the dominant influence of the estimated thickness of the diffusional boundary layer around the fibre on the concentration predicted. Empirical modification of the model equation for this parameter yields satisfactory results under the conditions tested for both BTEX and the selected chlorobenzenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Paschke
- Department of Chemical Ecotoxicology, UFZ-Centre for Environmental Research, Permoserstrasse 15, Leipzig 04318, Germany.
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Chen Y, Koziel JA, Pawliszyn J. Calibration for On-Site Analysis of Hydrocarbons in Aqueous and Gaseous Samples Using Solid-Phase Microextraction. Anal Chem 2003; 75:6485-93. [PMID: 16465703 DOI: 10.1021/ac0349328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Rapid sampling and sample preparation methodology was investigated using adsorptive poly(dimethylsiloxane)/divinylbenzene and Carboxen/poly(dimethylsiloxane) solid-phase microextraction (SPME) fiber coatings and volatile aromatic hydrocarbons (BTEX: benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and o-xylene). A flow-through system was used to generate a standard aqueous solution of BTEX as model sample with known linear velocity. Parameters that affect the extraction process, including sampling time, concentration, water velocity, and temperature, were investigated. Very short sampling times from 10 s and sorbents with strong affinity and large capacity were used to ensure the effect of '"zero sink" and to calibrate the extraction process in the initial linear extraction region. Several different concentrations were investigated, and it was found that mass uptake changes with concentration linearly. The increase of water velocity increases mass uptake, though the increase is not linear. Temperature does not affect mass uptake significantly under typical field sampling conditions. To further accurately describe rapid SPME analysis of aqueous samples, a new model translated from heat transfer to a circular cylinder in cross-flow was used. An empirical correlation to this model was used to predict the mass-transfer coefficient. Findings indicate that predicted mass uptake compares well with experimental mass uptake. The new model was tested for rapid air sampling, and it was found that this new model also predicted rapid air sampling accurately. Findings presented in this study extend the existing fundamental knowledge related to rapid sampling/sample preparation with SPME.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Chen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
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Abstract
The sample preparation step in an analytical process typically consists of an extraction procedure that results in the isolation and enrichment of components of interest from a sample matrix. Extraction can vary in degree of selectivity, speed, and convenience and depends not only on the approach and conditions used but on the geometric configurations of the extraction phase. Increased interest in sample preparation research has been generated by the introduction of nontraditional extraction technologies. These technologies address the need for reduction of solvent use, automation, and miniaturization and ultimately lead to on-site in situ and in vivo implementation. These extraction approaches are frequently easier to operate but provide optimization challenges. More fundamental knowledge is required by an analytical chemist not only about equilibrium conditions but, more importantly, about the kinetics of mass transfer in the extraction systems. Optimization of this extraction process enhances overall analysis. Proper design of the extraction devices and procedures facilitates convenient on-site implementation, integration with sampling, and separation/quantification, automation, or both. The key to rational choice, optimization, and design is an understanding of the fundamental principles governing mass transfer of analytes in multiphase systems. The objective of this perspective is to summarize the fundamental aspects of sample preparation and anticipate future developments and research needs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janusz Pawliszyn
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada N2L 3G1.
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Applications of solid-phase microextraction to chemical analysis of live biological samples. Trends Analyt Chem 2002. [DOI: 10.1016/s0165-9936(02)00602-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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29
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Abstract
The sample preparation step in an analytical process typically consists of extraction of components of interest from a sample matrix. This procedure can vary in degree of selectivity, speed, and convenience depending on the approach and conditions used as well as on geometric configurations of the extraction phase and conditions. Optimization of this process aids enhancement in performance of the overall analysis. Proper design of the extraction devices and procedures facilitates rapid and convenient on-site implementation, coupling to separationquantification, and (or) automation. The key to rational choice, optimization, and design is an understanding of fundamental principles governing mass transfer of analytes in multiphase systems. There is a tendency to divide extraction techniques according to random criteria. In this article, common principles among different extraction techniques are emphasized and a unified approach based on convolution of mathematical functions describing individual steps is presented. This approach considers gas, solvent, liquid polymer, and solid surfaces as extraction phases and air, water, and solids as sample matrices. The parameters that affect the kinetics of extraction techniques are emphasized resulting in new calibration strategies and novel geometric designs.Key words: separations, extractions, microextractions, mass transfer, multiphase equilibria.
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