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Walter M, Schenkeveld WDC, Reissner M, Gille L, Kraemer SM. The Effect of pH and Biogenic Ligands on the Weathering of Chrysotile Asbestos: The Pivotal Role of Tetrahedral Fe in Dissolution Kinetics and Radical Formation. Chemistry 2019; 25:3286-3300. [PMID: 30417458 PMCID: PMC6582442 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201804319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2018] [Revised: 11/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Chrysotile asbestos is a soil pollutant in many countries. It is a carcinogenic mineral, partly due to its surface chemistry. In chrysotile, FeII and FeIII substitute Mg octahedra (Fe[6]), and FeIII substitutes Si tetrahedra (Fe[4]). Fe on fiber surfaces can generate hydroxyl radicals (HO. ) in Fenton reactions, which damage biomolecules. To better understand chrysotile weathering in soils, net Mg and Si dissolution rates over the pH range 3.0-11.5 were determined in the presence and absence of biogenic ligands. Also, HO. generation and Fe bulk speciation of pristine and weathered fibers were examined by EPR and Mössbauer spectroscopy. Dissolution rates were increased by ligands and inversely related to pH with complete inhibition at cement pH (11.5). Surface-exposed Mg layers readily dissolved at low pH, but only after days at neutral pH. On longer timescales, the slow dissolution of Si layers became rate-determining. In the absence of ligands, Fe[6] precipitated as Fenton-inactive Fe phases, whereas Fe[4] (7 % of bulk Fe) remained redox-active throughout two-week experiments and at pH 7.5 generated 50±10 % of the HO. yield of Fe[6] at pristine fiber surfaces. Ligand-promoted dissolution of Fe[4] (and potentially Al[4]) labilized exposed Si layers. This increased Si and Mg dissolution rates and lowered HO. generation to near-background level. It is concluded that Fe[4] surface species control long-term HO. generation and dissolution rates of chrysotile at natural soil pH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Walter
- Department of Environmental GeosciencesUniversity of ViennaAlthanstrasse 14 (UZA II)1090ViennaAustria
| | - Walter D. C. Schenkeveld
- Department of Environmental GeosciencesUniversity of ViennaAlthanstrasse 14 (UZA II)1090ViennaAustria
- Current address: Copernicus Institute of Sustainable DevelopmentFaculty of GeosciencesUtrecht UniversityPrincetonlaan 8A3584 CBUtrechtThe Netherlands
| | - Michael Reissner
- Institute of Solid State PhysicsTU WienWiedner Hauptstrasse 8–101040ViennaAustria
| | - Lars Gille
- Institute of Pharmacology and ToxicologyUniversity of Veterinary Medicine, ViennaVeterinärplatz 11210ViennaAustria
| | - Stephan M. Kraemer
- Department of Environmental GeosciencesUniversity of ViennaAlthanstrasse 14 (UZA II)1090ViennaAustria
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Sander M, Hofstetter TB, Gorski CA. Electrochemical analyses of redox-active iron minerals: a review of nonmediated and mediated approaches. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2015; 49:5862-78. [PMID: 25856208 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.5b00006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Redox-active minerals are ubiquitous in the environment and are involved in numerous electron transfer reactions that significantly affect biogeochemical processes and cycles as well as pollutant dynamics. As a consequence, research in different scientific disciplines is devoted to elucidating the redox properties and reactivities of minerals. This review focuses on the characterization of mineral redox properties using electrochemical approaches from an applied (bio)geochemical and environmental analytical chemistry perspective. Establishing redox equilibria between the minerals and working electrodes is a major challenge in electrochemical measurements, which we discuss in an overview of traditional electrochemical techniques. These issues can be overcome with mediated electrochemical analyses in which dissolved redox mediators are used to increase the rate of electron transfer and to facilitate redox equilibration between working electrodes and minerals in both amperometric and potentiometric measurements. Using experimental data on an iron-bearing clay mineral, we illustrate how mediated electrochemical analyses can be employed to derive important thermodynamic and kinetic data on electron transfer to and from structural iron. We summarize anticipated methodological advancements that will further contribute to advance an improved understanding of electron transfer to and from minerals in environmentally relevant redox processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Sander
- †Department of Environmental Systems Science, Institute of Biogeochemistry and Pollutant Dynamics, Environmental Chemistry, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH), Universitätstrasse 16, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Thomas B Hofstetter
- ‡Environmental Chemistry, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology (Eawag), Ueberlandstrasse 133,8600 Duebendorf, Switzerland
| | - Christopher A Gorski
- §Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, 212 Sackett Building, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802-1408, United States
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Sundaram S, Jagannathan M, Abdul Kadir MR, Palanivel S, Hadibarata T, Mohammed Yusoff AR. A new electro-generated o-dianisidine derivative stabilized MWCNT-modified GCE for low potential gallic acid detection. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra06304c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
An enone derivative of a o-dianisidine dimer stabilized GCE/MWCNT exhibited low potential gallic acid detection at 0.16 V vs. Ag/AgCl.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sornambikai Sundaram
- Medical Devices & Technology Group
- Faculty of Biosciences & Medical Engineering
- Universiti Teknologi Malaysia
- Malaysia
| | - Madhanagopal Jagannathan
- Medical Devices & Technology Group
- Faculty of Biosciences & Medical Engineering
- Universiti Teknologi Malaysia
- Malaysia
| | - Mohammed Rafiq Abdul Kadir
- Medical Devices & Technology Group
- Faculty of Biosciences & Medical Engineering
- Universiti Teknologi Malaysia
- Malaysia
| | - Sathishkumar Palanivel
- Centre for Sustainable Environment and Water Security (IPASA)
- Research Institute for Sustainable Environment
- Universiti Teknologi Malaysia
- Malaysia
| | - Tony Hadibarata
- Centre for Sustainable Environment and Water Security (IPASA)
- Research Institute for Sustainable Environment
- Universiti Teknologi Malaysia
- Malaysia
| | - Abdul Rahim Mohammed Yusoff
- Centre for Sustainable Environment and Water Security (IPASA)
- Research Institute for Sustainable Environment
- Universiti Teknologi Malaysia
- Malaysia
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Assima GP, Larachi F, Beaudoin G, Molson J. CO2 Sequestration in Chrysotile Mining Residues—Implication of Watering and Passivation under Environmental Conditions. Ind Eng Chem Res 2012. [DOI: 10.1021/ie202693q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gnouyaro P. Assima
- Department of Chemical Engineering, and ‡Department of Geology & Geological Engineering, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada G1V 0A6
| | - Faïçal Larachi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, and ‡Department of Geology & Geological Engineering, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada G1V 0A6
| | - Georges Beaudoin
- Department of Chemical Engineering, and ‡Department of Geology & Geological Engineering, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada G1V 0A6
| | - John Molson
- Department of Chemical Engineering, and ‡Department of Geology & Geological Engineering, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada G1V 0A6
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Aust AE, Cook PM, Dodson RF. Morphological and chemical mechanisms of elongated mineral particle toxicities. JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH. PART B, CRITICAL REVIEWS 2011; 14:40-75. [PMID: 21534085 PMCID: PMC3118489 DOI: 10.1080/10937404.2011.556046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Much of our understanding regarding the mechanisms for induction of disease following inhalation of respirable elongated mineral particles (REMP) is based on studies involving the biological effects of asbestos fibers. The factors governing the disease potential of an exposure include duration and frequency of exposures; tissue-specific dose over time; impacts on dose persistence from in vivo REMP dissolution, comminution, and clearance; individual susceptibility; and the mineral type and surface characteristics. The mechanisms associated with asbestos particle toxicity involve two facets for each particle's contribution: (1) the physical features of the inhaled REMP, which include width, length, aspect ratio, and effective surface area available for cell contact; and (2) the surface chemical composition and reactivity of the individual fiber/elongated particle. Studies in cell-free systems and with cultured cells suggest an important way in which REMP from asbestos damage cellular molecules or influence cellular processes. This may involve an unfortunate combination of the ability of REMP to chemically generate potentially damaging reactive oxygen species, through surface iron, and the interaction of the unique surfaces with cell membranes to trigger membrane receptor activation. Together these events appear to lead to a cascade of cellular events, including the production of damaging reactive nitrogen species, which may contribute to the disease process. Thus, there is a need to be more cognizant of the potential impact that the total surface area of REMP contributes to the generation of events resulting in pathological changes in biological systems. The information presented has applicability to inhaled dusts, in general, and specifically to respirable elongated mineral particles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann E. Aust
- Chemistry and Biochemistry Department (Emeritus), Utah State University, Huachuca City, Arizona
| | - Philip M. Cook
- U.S. EPA NHEERL Mid-Continent Ecology Division, Duluth, Minnesota
| | - Ronald F. Dodson
- Dodson Environmental Consulting, Inc., and ERI Environmental Consulting, Inc., Tyler, Texas, USA
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Kell DB. Towards a unifying, systems biology understanding of large-scale cellular death and destruction caused by poorly liganded iron: Parkinson's, Huntington's, Alzheimer's, prions, bactericides, chemical toxicology and others as examples. Arch Toxicol 2010; 84:825-89. [PMID: 20967426 PMCID: PMC2988997 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-010-0577-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 286] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2010] [Accepted: 07/14/2010] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Exposure to a variety of toxins and/or infectious agents leads to disease, degeneration and death, often characterised by circumstances in which cells or tissues do not merely die and cease to function but may be more or less entirely obliterated. It is then legitimate to ask the question as to whether, despite the many kinds of agent involved, there may be at least some unifying mechanisms of such cell death and destruction. I summarise the evidence that in a great many cases, one underlying mechanism, providing major stresses of this type, entails continuing and autocatalytic production (based on positive feedback mechanisms) of hydroxyl radicals via Fenton chemistry involving poorly liganded iron, leading to cell death via apoptosis (probably including via pathways induced by changes in the NF-κB system). While every pathway is in some sense connected to every other one, I highlight the literature evidence suggesting that the degenerative effects of many diseases and toxicological insults converge on iron dysregulation. This highlights specifically the role of iron metabolism, and the detailed speciation of iron, in chemical and other toxicology, and has significant implications for the use of iron chelating substances (probably in partnership with appropriate anti-oxidants) as nutritional or therapeutic agents in inhibiting both the progression of these mainly degenerative diseases and the sequelae of both chronic and acute toxin exposure. The complexity of biochemical networks, especially those involving autocatalytic behaviour and positive feedbacks, means that multiple interventions (e.g. of iron chelators plus antioxidants) are likely to prove most effective. A variety of systems biology approaches, that I summarise, can predict both the mechanisms involved in these cell death pathways and the optimal sites of action for nutritional or pharmacological interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Douglas B Kell
- School of Chemistry and the Manchester Interdisciplinary Biocentre, The University of Manchester, Manchester M1 7DN, UK.
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Daghino S, Martino E, Fenoglio I, Tomatis M, Perotto S, Fubini B. Inorganic Materials and Living Organisms: Surface Modifications and Fungal Responses to Various Asbestos Forms. Chemistry 2005; 11:5611-8. [PMID: 16021644 DOI: 10.1002/chem.200500046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
In a previous study several strains of soil fungi were reported to remove iron in vitro from crocidolite asbestos, a process that was envisaged as a possible bioremediation route for asbestos-polluted soils. Here, we get some new insight into the chemical basis of the fiber/fungi interaction by comparing the action of the most active fungal strain Fusarium oxysporum on three kind of asbestos fibers--chrysotile, amosite, and crocidolite--and on a surface-modified crocidolite. None of the fibers examined significantly inhibited biomass production. Even the smallest fibrils were visibly removed from the supernatant following adhesion to fungal hyphae. F. oxysporum, through release of chelators, extracted iron from all fibers; the higher the amount of iron at the exposed surface, the larger the amount removed, that is, crocidolite > amosite >> chrysotile. When considering the fraction of total iron extracted, however, the ranking was chrysotile > crocidolite > amosite > heated crocidolite, because of the different accessibility of the chelators to the metal ions in the crystal structure. Chrysotile was the easiest to deplete of its metal content. Iron removal fully blunted HO* radical release from crocidolite and chrysotile but only partially from amosite. The removal, in a long-term experiment, of more iron than is expected to be at the surface suggests a diffusion of ions from the bulk solid towards the surface depleted of iron by fungal activity. Thus, if the fibers could be treated with a continuous source of chelators, iron extraction would proceed up to a full inactivation of free radical release. The fungal metabolic response of F. oxysporum grown in the presence of chrysotile, amosite and crocidolite revealed that new extracellular proteins are induced--including manganese-superoxide dismutase, the typical antioxidant defense--and others are repressed, upon direct contact with the fibers. The protein profile induced by heated crocidolite was different, a result suggesting a key role for the state of the fiber/hyphae interface in protein induction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefania Daghino
- University of Torino, Dipartimento Biologia Vegetale and Center of Excellence for Plant and Microbial Biosensing (CEBIOVEM), viale Mattioli 25, 10125 Torino, Italy
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Selective chlorine determination by gas diffusion in a tandem flow assembly and spectrophotometric detection with o-dianisidine. Anal Chim Acta 2001. [DOI: 10.1016/s0003-2670(01)01183-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Gulumian M. The ability of mineral dusts and fibres to initiate lipid peroxidation. Part I: parameters which determine this ability. Redox Rep 2000; 4:141-63. [PMID: 10658820 DOI: 10.1179/135100099101534855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- M Gulumian
- National Centre for Occupational Health, Johannesburg, South Africa.
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11
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Graham A, Higinbotham J, Allan D, Donaldson K, Beswick PH. Chemical differences between long and short amosite asbestos: differences in oxidation state and coordination sites of iron, detected by infrared spectroscopy. Occup Environ Med 1999; 56:606-11. [PMID: 10615293 PMCID: PMC1757792 DOI: 10.1136/oem.56.9.606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Short fibres of amosite asbestos (SFA), obtained by ball milling of long fibres (LFA), have been shown to be less pathogenic than long fibres. Accumulating evidence suggests an important role for differences in surface chemistry between fibres. Iron has been implicated in the pathogenesis of asbestos fibres. In this study infrared (IR) spectroscopy was used to compare LFA and SFA in terms of the coordination and oxidation state of iron at the three cation sites (M1, M3, M1). METHODS Infrared was used to examine LFA ad SFA, when dry and when hydrated in the presence and absence of the chelators desferroxamine and ferrozine. With appropriate software the proportions of iron and its oxidation states in the overlapping peaks were resolved and assigned, and the three coordination sites were identified. Data were obtained from 10 samples of both lengths of fibre for each of the four treatments. Iron release was also monitored. RESULTS Iron was significantly more oxidised in LFA than SFA. Further oxidation of the dry fibres with water, ferrozine, or desferroxamine tended to abolish these differences. There were also significant differences between the proportions of iron held in the different coordination sites of the fibres. For LFA, a higher proportion of its iron was held in the cation sites coordinating less with iron and more with Mg. Interestingly, the sites coordinating single irons were significantly more oxidised than multiple sites. The single iron sites were more oxidised in LFA than SFA and were more readily oxidised by the treatments. CONCLUSIONS Important chemical differences between LFA and SFA were found. There seemed to be some mobility of iron near the surface. Based on these data it is speculated that the 1 iron surface site may be important in pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Graham
- Department of Biological Sciences, Napier University, Edinburgh, Scotland
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Parker VD, Seefeldt LC. A mediated thin-layer voltammetry method for the study of redox protein electrochemistry. Anal Biochem 1997; 247:152-7. [PMID: 9126385 DOI: 10.1006/abio.1997.2049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
A novel mediated thin-layer voltammetry technique that allows the rapid determination of midpoint potentials and electron transfer rate constants for small quantities of redox active proteins is described. Thin-layer voltammograms simulated for an electrolyte containing a redox active protein and an electron transfer mediator show that the rapid homogeneous electron exchange reaction between the protein and the mediator serves to mediate the charge transfer of the protein at the electrode, which does not take place in the absence of the mediator, and results in the observation of an apparently reversible redox couple. Both theoretical and experimental data are presented which suggest that the thin-layer voltammetry method will be generally applicable for the determination of protein redox potentials with the proper selection of mediators. Rate constants for the electron transfer between metalloproteins and mediators can be evaluated by comparing experimental voltammograms with theoretical data from simulations. The technique is demonstrated for the metalloproteins cytochrome c, ferredoxin, and the iron protein of nitrogenase.
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Affiliation(s)
- V D Parker
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Utah State University, Logan 84322-0300, USA.
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