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Song Q, Li Q, Yan J, Song Y. Echem methods and electrode types of the current in vivo electrochemical sensing. RSC Adv 2022; 12:17715-17739. [PMID: 35765338 PMCID: PMC9199085 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra01273a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
For a long time, people have been eager to realize continuous real-time online monitoring of biological compounds. Fortunately, in vivo electrochemical biosensor technology has greatly promoted the development of biological compound detection. This article summarizes the existing in vivo electrochemical detection technologies into two categories: microdialysis (MD) and microelectrode (ME). Then we summarized and discussed the electrode surface time, pollution resistance, linearity and the number of instances of simultaneous detection and analysis, the composition and characteristics of the sensor, and finally, we also predicted and prospected the development of electrochemical technology and sensors in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuye Song
- The Affiliated Zhangjiagang Hospital of Soochow University Zhangjiagang 215600 Jiangsu People's Republic of China +86 791 87802135 +86 791 87802135
| | - Qianmin Li
- Key Laboratory of Depression Animal Model Based on TCM Syndrome, Jiangxi Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Key Laboratory of TCM for Prevention and Treatment of Brain Diseases with Cognitive Dysfunction, Jiangxi Province, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine 1688 Meiling Road Nanchang 330006 China
| | - Jiadong Yan
- The Affiliated Zhangjiagang Hospital of Soochow University Zhangjiagang 215600 Jiangsu People's Republic of China +86 791 87802135 +86 791 87802135
| | - Yonggui Song
- Key Laboratory of Depression Animal Model Based on TCM Syndrome, Jiangxi Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Key Laboratory of TCM for Prevention and Treatment of Brain Diseases with Cognitive Dysfunction, Jiangxi Province, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine 1688 Meiling Road Nanchang 330006 China.,Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamics and Safety Evaluation, Health Commission of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang Medical College 1688 Meiling Road Nanchang 330006 China
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2
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YAMADA H, YAMANAKA N, YASUNAGA K. Simultaneous Observation of Faradaic and Tunneling Current at a Flat Surface Using Tunneling-Current-Based Constant-Distance Scanning Electrochemical Microscopy with a Platinum Nanoelectrode. ELECTROCHEMISTRY 2021. [DOI: 10.5796/electrochemistry.21-00013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi YAMADA
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Defense Academy
| | | | - Kenji YASUNAGA
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Defense Academy
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3
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Antifouling characteristics of a carbon electrode surface hydrogenated by n-butylsilane reduction. Electrochim Acta 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2019.01.188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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4
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Guo SX, Unwin PR, Whitworth AL, Zhang J. Microelectrochemical Techniques for Probing Kinetics at Liquid/Liquid Interfaces. PROGRESS IN REACTION KINETICS AND MECHANISM 2019. [DOI: 10.3184/0079674044037441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
We provide an overview of recent advances in microelectrochemical approaches to investigate the kinetics of various physicochemical processes that occur at the interface between two immiscible electrolyte solutions (ITIES). To place the advances in context, background material on the structure of the ITIES, derived from both experimental studies and computer simulation, is also provided. The main focus of the article is micro-ITIES techniques, single droplet measurements, microelectrochemical measurements at expanding droplets (MEMED) and scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM). Recent developments in a combined SECM-Langmuir trough technique for probing diffusion processes across Langmuir monolayers at the water/air (W/A) interface are also highlighted, by considering an organic monolayer at a water surface as a special case of a liquid/liquid interface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si-Xuan Guo
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Patrick R. Unwin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Anna L. Whitworth
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Jie Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK
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Wilde P, Quast T, Aiyappa HB, Chen Y, Botz A, Tarnev T, Marquitan M, Feldhege S, Lindner A, Andronescu C, Schuhmann W. Towards Reproducible Fabrication of Nanometre‐Sized Carbon Electrodes: Optimisation of Automated Nanoelectrode Fabrication by Means of Transmission Electron Microscopy. ChemElectroChem 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/celc.201800600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Wilde
- Analytical Chemistry – Center for Electrochemical Sciences (CES)Ruhr-Universität Bochum Universitätsstraße 150 D-44780 Bochum Germany
| | - Thomas Quast
- Analytical Chemistry – Center for Electrochemical Sciences (CES)Ruhr-Universität Bochum Universitätsstraße 150 D-44780 Bochum Germany
| | - Harshitha B. Aiyappa
- Analytical Chemistry – Center for Electrochemical Sciences (CES)Ruhr-Universität Bochum Universitätsstraße 150 D-44780 Bochum Germany
| | - Yen‐Ting Chen
- Analytical Chemistry – Center for Electrochemical Sciences (CES)Ruhr-Universität Bochum Universitätsstraße 150 D-44780 Bochum Germany
| | - Alexander Botz
- Analytical Chemistry – Center for Electrochemical Sciences (CES)Ruhr-Universität Bochum Universitätsstraße 150 D-44780 Bochum Germany
| | - Tsvetan Tarnev
- Analytical Chemistry – Center for Electrochemical Sciences (CES)Ruhr-Universität Bochum Universitätsstraße 150 D-44780 Bochum Germany
| | - Miriam Marquitan
- Analytical Chemistry – Center for Electrochemical Sciences (CES)Ruhr-Universität Bochum Universitätsstraße 150 D-44780 Bochum Germany
| | - Stephan Feldhege
- Mechanical Workshop of the Faculty of Chemistry and BiochemistryRuhr-Universität Bochum Universitätsstraße 150 D-44780 Bochum Germany
| | - Armin Lindner
- Mechanical Workshop of the Faculty of Chemistry and BiochemistryRuhr-Universität Bochum Universitätsstraße 150 D-44780 Bochum Germany
| | - Corina Andronescu
- Analytical Chemistry – Center for Electrochemical Sciences (CES)Ruhr-Universität Bochum Universitätsstraße 150 D-44780 Bochum Germany
| | - Wolfgang Schuhmann
- Analytical Chemistry – Center for Electrochemical Sciences (CES)Ruhr-Universität Bochum Universitätsstraße 150 D-44780 Bochum Germany
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6
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Ying YL, Ding Z, Zhan D, Long YT. Advanced electroanalytical chemistry at nanoelectrodes. Chem Sci 2017; 8:3338-3348. [PMID: 28507703 PMCID: PMC5416909 DOI: 10.1039/c7sc00433h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2017] [Accepted: 02/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Nanoelectrodes, with dimensions below 100 nm, have the advantages of high sensitivity and high spatial resolution. These electrodes have attracted increasing attention in various fields such as single cell analysis, single-molecule detection, single particle characterization and high-resolution imaging. The rapid growth of novel nanoelectrodes and nanoelectrochemical methods brings enormous new opportunities in the field. In this perspective, we discuss the challenges, advances, and opportunities for nanoelectrode fabrication, real-time characterizations and high-performance electrochemical instrumentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Lun Ying
- School of Chemistry & Molecular Engineering , East China University of Science and Technology , Shanghai , 200237 , P. R. China .
| | - Zhifeng Ding
- Department of Chemistry , University of Western Ontario , 1151 Richmond Street , London , ON N6A 5B7 , Canada
| | - Dongping Zhan
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces , Collaborative Innovation Centre of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM) , Department of Chemistry , College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Xiamen University , Xiamen , 361005 , P. R. China
| | - Yi-Tao Long
- School of Chemistry & Molecular Engineering , East China University of Science and Technology , Shanghai , 200237 , P. R. China .
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Gossage ZT, Simpson BH, Schorr NB, Rodríguez-López J. Soft Surfaces for Fast Characterization and Positioning of Scanning Electrochemical Microscopy Nanoelectrode Tips. Anal Chem 2016; 88:9897-9901. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.6b02213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Zachary T. Gossage
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana−Champaign, 58 Roger Adams Laboratory, 600 South
Matthews Avenue, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Burton H. Simpson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana−Champaign, 58 Roger Adams Laboratory, 600 South
Matthews Avenue, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Noah B. Schorr
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana−Champaign, 58 Roger Adams Laboratory, 600 South
Matthews Avenue, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Joaquín Rodríguez-López
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana−Champaign, 58 Roger Adams Laboratory, 600 South
Matthews Avenue, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
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8
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Nanoelectrodes: Applications in electrocatalysis, single-cell analysis and high-resolution electrochemical imaging. Trends Analyt Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2016.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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9
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Lin Y, Wang K, Xu Y, Li L, Luo J, Wang C. Facile development of Au-ring microelectrode for in vivo analysis using non-toxic polydopamine as multifunctional material. Biosens Bioelectron 2016; 78:274-280. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2015.11.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2015] [Revised: 11/13/2015] [Accepted: 11/20/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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10
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Siraj S, McRae CR, Wong DK. Effective activation of physically small carbon electrodes by n-butylsilane reduction. Electrochem commun 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.elecom.2016.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Hao
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Bo Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
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One-step electrochemical detection of cholesterol in the presence of suitable K₃Fe(CN)₆/phosphate buffer mediator by an electrochemical approach. Talanta 2015; 140:96-101. [PMID: 26048829 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2015.03.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2014] [Revised: 03/12/2015] [Accepted: 03/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
One-step approach of cholesterol biosensor was fabricated onto smart micro-chips based on cholesterol oxidase (ChOx) co-immobilized thioglycolic acid self-assembled monolayer (TGA-SAM) for biomedical applications. The selective cholesterol biosensor was investigated with modified tiny micro-chip (Au/SAM/ChOx) by the facile and reliable cyclic voltammetric (CV) method in a K3Fe(CN)6/phosphate buffer (PB) system. The modified micro-chip displayed a large dynamic range (1.0 nmol L(-1) to 1.0 mmol L(-1)), lower detection limit (~0.49 nmol L(-1), based on S/N~3), higher sensitivity (~93.75 µA µmol L(-2) cm(-2)), good linearity (correlation coefficient r(2), 0.9995), lower sample volume (<50.0 μL), and good stability as well as reproducibility. The Au/TGA system was implemented for a facile and simple approach to the immobilization of ChOx onto micro-chip, which can offer analytical access to a large group of enzymes for a wide range of bio-molecule applications in health-care and biomedical fields. This integrated microchip provides a promising low-cost platform for the sensitive and rapid detection of biomolecules using miniatured samples.
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Barton ZJ, Rodríguez-López J. Lithium Ion Quantification Using Mercury Amalgams as in Situ Electrochemical Probes in Nonaqueous Media. Anal Chem 2014; 86:10660-7. [DOI: 10.1021/ac502517b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Zachary J. Barton
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana−Champaign, 58 Roger Adams Laboratory, 600 South
Matthews Avenue, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Joaquín Rodríguez-López
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana−Champaign, 58 Roger Adams Laboratory, 600 South
Matthews Avenue, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
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Rahman MM. Reusable and mediator-free cholesterol biosensor based on cholesterol oxidase immobilized onto TGA-SAM modified smart bio-chips. PLoS One 2014; 9:e100327. [PMID: 24949733 PMCID: PMC4065056 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0100327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2014] [Accepted: 05/21/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
A reusable and mediator-free cholesterol biosensor based on cholesterol oxidase (ChOx) was fabricated based on self-assembled monolayer (SAM) of thioglycolic acid (TGA) (covalent enzyme immobilization by dropping method) using bio-chips. Cholesterol was detected with modified bio-chip (Gold/Thioglycolic-acid/Cholesterol-oxidase i.e., Au/TGA/ChOx) by reliable cyclic voltammetric (CV) technique at room conditions. The Au/TGA/ChOx modified bio-chip sensor demonstrates good linearity (1.0 nM to 1.0 mM; R = 0.9935), low-detection limit (∼0.42 nM, SNR∼3), and higher sensitivity (∼74.3 µAµM−1cm−2), lowest-small sample volume (50.0 μL), good stability, and reproducibility. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first statement with a very high sensitivity, low-detection limit, and low-sample volumes are required for cholesterol biosensor using Au/TGA/ChOx-chips assembly. The result of this facile approach was investigated for the biomedical applications for real samples at room conditions with significant assembly (Au/TGA/ChOx) towards the development of selected cholesterol biosensors, which can offer analytical access to a large group of enzymes for wide range of biomedical applications in health-care fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed M. Rahman
- Chemistry Department & Center of Excellence for Advanced Materials Research (CEAMR), Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- * E-mail:
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Chandra S, Miller AD, Bendavid A, Martin PJ, Wong DKY. Minimizing Fouling at Hydrogenated Conical-Tip Carbon Electrodes during Dopamine Detection in Vivo. Anal Chem 2014; 86:2443-50. [DOI: 10.1021/ac403283t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Avi Bendavid
- CSIRO Materials
Science and Engineering, P.O. Box 218, Lindfield, New South Wales 2070, Australia
| | - Philip J. Martin
- CSIRO Materials
Science and Engineering, P.O. Box 218, Lindfield, New South Wales 2070, Australia
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BAI J, WANG X, MENG Y, ZHANG HM, QU L. Fabrication of Graphene Coated Carbon Fiber Microelectrode for Highly Sensitive Detection Application. ANAL SCI 2014; 30:903-9. [DOI: 10.2116/analsci.30.903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jie BAI
- School of Chemistry, Beijing Institute of Technology
| | - Xiaojuan WANG
- School of Chemistry, Beijing Institute of Technology
| | - Yuning MENG
- School of Chemistry, Beijing Institute of Technology
| | - Hui-Min ZHANG
- School of Chemistry, Beijing Institute of Technology
| | - Liangti QU
- School of Chemistry, Beijing Institute of Technology
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17
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Kranz C. Recent advancements in nanoelectrodes and nanopipettes used in combined scanning electrochemical microscopy techniques. Analyst 2014; 139:336-52. [DOI: 10.1039/c3an01651j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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18
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Chandra S, Miller AD, Wong DK. Evaluation of physically small p-phenylacetate-modified carbon electrodes against fouling during dopamine detection in vivo. Electrochim Acta 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2012.11.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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19
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A New Trend on Biosensor for Neurotransmitter Choline/Acetylcholine—an Overview. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2013; 169:1927-39. [DOI: 10.1007/s12010-013-0099-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2012] [Accepted: 01/10/2013] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Lin Y, Trouillon R, Svensson MI, Keighron JD, Cans AS, Ewing AG. Carbon-ring microelectrode arrays for electrochemical imaging of single cell exocytosis: fabrication and characterization. Anal Chem 2012; 84:2949-54. [PMID: 22339586 DOI: 10.1021/ac3000368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Fabrication of carbon microelectrode arrays, with up to 15 electrodes in total tips as small as 10-50 μm, is presented. The support structures of microelectrodes were obtained by pulling multiple quartz capillaries together to form hollow capillary arrays before carbon deposition. Carbon ring microelectrodes were deposited by pyrolysis of acetylene in the lumen of these quartz capillary arrays. Each carbon deposited array tip was filled with epoxy, followed by beveling of the tip of the array to form a deposited carbon-ring microelectrode array (CRMA). Both the number of the microelectrodes in the array and the tip size are independently tunable. These CRMAs have been characterized using scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, and electrogenerated chemiluminescence. Additionally, the electrochemical properties were investigated with steady-state voltammetry. In order to demonstrate the utility of these fabricated microelectrodes in neurochemistry, CRMAs containing eight microring electrodes were used for electrochemical monitoring of exocytotic events from single PC12 cells. Subcellular temporal heterogeneities in exocytosis (i.e. cold spots vs hot spots) were successfully detected with the CRMAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqing Lin
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
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Takahashi Y, Shevchuk AI, Novak P, Zhang Y, Ebejer N, Macpherson JV, Unwin PR, Pollard AJ, Roy D, Clifford CA, Shiku H, Matsue T, Klenerman D, Korchev YE. Multifunctional nanoprobes for nanoscale chemical imaging and localized chemical delivery at surfaces and interfaces. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2011; 50:9638-42. [PMID: 21882305 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201102796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 227] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2011] [Revised: 07/14/2010] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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22
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Takahashi Y, Shevchuk AI, Novak P, Zhang Y, Ebejer N, Macpherson JV, Unwin PR, Pollard AJ, Roy D, Clifford CA, Shiku H, Matsue T, Klenerman D, Korchev YE. Multifunctional Nanoprobes for Nanoscale Chemical Imaging and Localized Chemical Delivery at Surfaces and Interfaces. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201102796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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Britz D, Østerby O, Strutwolf J. Reference values of the chronoamperometric response at cylindrical and capped cylindrical electrodes. Electrochim Acta 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2010.04.096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Vuorema A, Sillanpää M, Rassaei L, Wasbrough M, Edler K, Thielemans W, Dale S, Bending S, Wolverson D, Marken F. Ultrathin Carbon Film Electrodes from Vacuum-Carbonised Cellulose Nanofibril Composite. ELECTROANAL 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.200900513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Britz D, Chandra S, Strutwolf J, Wong DK. Diffusion-limited chronoamperometry at conical-tip microelectrodes. Electrochim Acta 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2009.10.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Pust SE, Maier W, Wittstock G. Investigation of Localized Catalytic and Electrocatalytic Processes and Corrosion Reactions with Scanning Electrochemical Microscopy (SECM). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1524/zpch.2008.5426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
AbstractScanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM) has developed into a very versatile tool for the investigation of solid-liquid, liquid-liquid and liquid-gas interfaces. The arrangement of an ultramicroelectrode (UME) in close proximity to the interface under study allows the application of a large variety of different experimental schemes. The most important have been named feedback mode, generation-collection mode, redox competition mode and direct mode. Quantitative descriptions are available for the UME signal, depending on different sample properties and experimental variables. Therefore, SECM has been established as an indispensible tool in many areas of fundamental electrochemical research. Currently, it also spreads as an important new method to solve more applied problems, in which inhomogeneous current distributions are typically observed on different length scales. Prominent examples include devices for electrochemical energy conversion such as fuel cells and batteries as well as localized corrosion phenomena. However, the direct local investigation of such systems is often impossible. Instead, suitable reaction schemes, sample environments, model samples and even new operation modes have to be introduced in order to obtain results that are relevant to the practical application. This review outlines and compares the theoretical basis of the different SECM working modes and reviews the application in the area of electrochemical energy conversion and localized corrosion with a special emphasis on the problems encountered when working with practical samples.
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Development of a highly-sensitive acetylcholine sensor using a charge-transfer technique on a smart biochip. Trends Analyt Chem 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2008.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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28
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Fabrication of nanometer-sized carbon electrodes by the controllable electrochemical deposition. Electrochim Acta 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2005.03.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Schuvailo ON, Dzyadevych SV, El'skaya AV, Gautier-Sauvigné S, Csöregi E, Cespuglio R, Soldatkin AP. Carbon fibre-based microbiosensors for in vivo measurements of acetylcholine and choline. Biosens Bioelectron 2005; 21:87-94. [PMID: 15967355 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2004.09.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2004] [Revised: 09/22/2004] [Accepted: 09/22/2004] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
This report describes technical improvements to the manufacture of a carbon fibre electrode for the stable and sensitive detection of H2O2 (detection limit at 0.5 microM). This electrode was also modified through the co-immobilisation of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and/or choline oxidase (ChOx) in a bovine serum albumin (BSA) membrane for the development of a sensor for in vivo measurements of acetylcholine and choline. Amperometric measurements were performed using a conventional three-electrode system forming part of a flow-injection set-up at an applied potential of 800-1100 mV relative to an Ag/AgCl reference electrode. The optimised biosensor obtained was reproducible and stable, and exhibited a detection limit of 1 microM for both acetylcholine and choline. However, due to the high operating potential used, the biosensor was prone to substantial interference from other electroactive compounds, such as ascorbic acid. Therefore, in a further step, a mediated electron transfer approach was used that incorporated horseradish peroxidase into an osmium-based redox hydrogel layered onto the active surface of the electrode. Afterwards, a Nafion layer and a coating containing AChE and/or ChOx co-immobilised in a BSA membrane were successively deposited. This procedure further increased the selectivity of the biosensor, when operated in the same flow-injection system but at an applied potential of -50 mV relative to an Ag/AgCl reference electrode. The sensor exhibited good selectivity and a high sensitivity over a concentration range (0.3-100 microM) suitable for the measurement of choline and acetylcholine in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- O N Schuvailo
- Laboratory of Biomolecular Electronics, Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics of Ukrainian NAS, 150 Zabolotnogo Street, Kyiv 03143, Ukraine
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