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Saputra HA, Jannath KA, Kim KB, Park DS, Shim YB. Conducting polymer composite-based biosensing materials for the diagnosis of lung cancer: A review. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 252:126149. [PMID: 37582435 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.126149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Revised: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/17/2023]
Abstract
The development of a simple and fast cancer detection method is crucial since early diagnosis is a key factor in increasing survival rates for lung cancer patients. Among several diagnosis methods, the electrochemical sensor is the most promising one due to its outstanding performance, portability, real-time analysis, robustness, amenability, and cost-effectiveness. Conducting polymer (CP) composites have been frequently used to fabricate a robust sensor device, owing to their excellent physical and electrochemical properties as well as biocompatibility with nontoxic effects on the biological system. This review brings up a brief overview of the importance of electrochemical biosensors for the early detection of lung cancer, with a detailed discussion on the design and development of CP composite materials for biosensor applications. The review covers the electrochemical sensing of numerous lung cancer markers employing composite electrodes based on the conducting polyterthiophene, poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene), polyaniline, polypyrrole, molecularly imprinted polymers, and others. In addition, a hybrid of the electrochemical biosensors and other techniques was highlighted. The outlook was also briefly discussed for the development of CP composite-based electrochemical biosensors for POC diagnostic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heru Agung Saputra
- Department of Chemistry and Chemistry Institute for Functional Materials, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Khatun A Jannath
- Department of Chemistry and Chemistry Institute for Functional Materials, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwang Bok Kim
- Digital Health Care R&D Department, Korea Institute of Industrial Technology, Cheonan 31056, Republic of Korea
| | - Deog-Su Park
- Department of Chemistry and Chemistry Institute for Functional Materials, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon-Bo Shim
- Department of Chemistry and Chemistry Institute for Functional Materials, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea.
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2
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Abstract
Rapid and specific assaying of molecules that report on a pathophysiological condition, environmental pollution, or drug concentration is pivotal for establishing efficient and accurate diagnostic systems. One of the main components required for the construction of these systems is the recognition element (receptor) that can identify target analytes. Oligonucleotide switching structures, or aptamers, have been widely studied as selective receptors that can precisely identify targets in different analyzed matrices with minimal interference from other components in an antibody-like recognition process. These aptasensors, especially when integrated into sensing platforms, enable a multitude of sensors that can outperform antibody-based sensors in terms of flexibility of the sensing strategy and ease of deployment to areas with limited resources. Research into compounds that efficiently enhance signal transduction and provide a suitable platform for conjugating aptamers has gained huge momentum over the past decade. The multifaceted nature of conjugated polymers (CPs), notably their versatile electrical and optical properties, endows them with a broad range of potential applications in optical, electrical, and electrochemical signal transduction. Despite the substantial body of research demonstrating the enhanced performance of sensing devices using doped or nanostructure-embedded CPs, few reviews are available that specifically describe the use of conjugated polymers in aptasensing. The purpose of this review is to bridge this gap and provide a comprehensive description of a variety of CPs, from a historical viewpoint, underpinning their specific characteristics and demonstrating the advances in biosensors associated with the use of these conjugated polymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Razieh Salimian
- Universite de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour, E2S UPPA, CNRS, IPREM, Pau 64053, France
| | - Corinne Nardin
- Universite de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour, E2S UPPA, CNRS, IPREM, Pau 64053, France
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3
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Li S, Zhang H, Zhu M, Kuang Z, Li X, Xu F, Miao S, Zhang Z, Lou X, Li H, Xia F. Electrochemical Biosensors for Whole Blood Analysis: Recent Progress, Challenges, and Future Perspectives. Chem Rev 2023. [PMID: 37262362 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Whole blood, as one of the most significant biological fluids, provides critical information for health management and disease monitoring. Over the past 10 years, advances in nanotechnology, microfluidics, and biomarker research have spurred the development of powerful miniaturized diagnostic systems for whole blood testing toward the goal of disease monitoring and treatment. Among the techniques employed for whole-blood diagnostics, electrochemical biosensors, as known to be rapid, sensitive, capable of miniaturization, reagentless and washing free, become a class of emerging technology to achieve the target detection specifically and directly in complex media, e.g., whole blood or even in the living body. Here we are aiming to provide a comprehensive review to summarize advances over the past decade in the development of electrochemical sensors for whole blood analysis. Further, we address the remaining challenges and opportunities to integrate electrochemical sensing platforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaoguang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, Engineering Research Center of Nano-Geomaterials of Ministry of Education, Faculty of Materials Science and Chemistry, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Hongyuan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, Engineering Research Center of Nano-Geomaterials of Ministry of Education, Faculty of Materials Science and Chemistry, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Man Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, Engineering Research Center of Nano-Geomaterials of Ministry of Education, Faculty of Materials Science and Chemistry, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Zhujun Kuang
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, Engineering Research Center of Nano-Geomaterials of Ministry of Education, Faculty of Materials Science and Chemistry, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Xun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, Engineering Research Center of Nano-Geomaterials of Ministry of Education, Faculty of Materials Science and Chemistry, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Fan Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, Engineering Research Center of Nano-Geomaterials of Ministry of Education, Faculty of Materials Science and Chemistry, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Siyuan Miao
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, Engineering Research Center of Nano-Geomaterials of Ministry of Education, Faculty of Materials Science and Chemistry, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Zishuo Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, Engineering Research Center of Nano-Geomaterials of Ministry of Education, Faculty of Materials Science and Chemistry, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Xiaoding Lou
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, Engineering Research Center of Nano-Geomaterials of Ministry of Education, Faculty of Materials Science and Chemistry, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Hui Li
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, Engineering Research Center of Nano-Geomaterials of Ministry of Education, Faculty of Materials Science and Chemistry, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Fan Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, Engineering Research Center of Nano-Geomaterials of Ministry of Education, Faculty of Materials Science and Chemistry, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
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4
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Mahmudunnabi RG, Umer M, Seo KD, Park DS, Chung JH, Shiddiky M, Shim YB. Exosomal microRNAs array sensor with a bioconjugate composed of p53 protein and hydrazine for the specific lung cancer detection. Biosens Bioelectron 2022; 207:114149. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2022.114149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Revised: 02/26/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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5
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Chen L. Construction and Signal Feature Processing of Gold Nanobiosensors Based on the Internet of Things. JOURNAL OF HEALTHCARE ENGINEERING 2022; 2022:1432266. [PMID: 35047147 PMCID: PMC8763554 DOI: 10.1155/2022/1432266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Revised: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
With the continuous development of signal amplification technology and nanotechnology, more and more electrochemical sensors combining nanotechnology and signal amplification technology are applied in the field of analysis. In this paper, combined with the Internet of Things technology, the construction of gold nanobiosensors and signal characteristic processing are carried out. In this paper, a T-rich DNA probe is used as the recognition element, modified on the electrode surface, combined with DNA-modified nanogold particle amplification technology, and the electroactive substance peg amine is used as the signal molecule to develop a highly sensitive electrochemical biosensor for the detection of melamine. The sensor has good specificity and sensitivity, and the detection limit is as low as 0.5 NM. In addition, by combining sensors with the Internet of Things technology, melamine monitoring and signal characteristic processing can be carried out in real time. This model can easily achieve the purpose of accurate and quantitative analysis of melamine toxins and can be effective for food safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Chen
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, China
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6
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Agrahari S, Kumar Gautam R, Kumar Singh A, Tiwari I. Nanoscale materials-based hybrid frameworks modified electrochemical biosensors for early cancer diagnostics: An overview of current trends and challenges. Microchem J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2021.106980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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7
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Flauzino JMR, Nguyen EP, Yang Q, Rosati G, Panáček D, Brito-Madurro AG, Madurro JM, Bakandritsos A, Otyepka M, Merkoçi A. Label-free and reagentless electrochemical genosensor based on graphene acid for meat adulteration detection. Biosens Bioelectron 2022; 195:113628. [PMID: 34543917 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2021.113628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Revised: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
With the increased demand for beef in emerging markets, the development of quality-control diagnostics that are fast, cheap and easy to handle is essential. Especially where beef must be free from pork residues, due to religious, cultural or allergic reasons, the availability of such diagnostic tools is crucial. In this work, we report a label-free impedimetric genosensor for the sensitive detection of pork residues in meat, by leveraging the biosensing capabilities of graphene acid - a densely and selectively functionalized graphene derivative. A single stranded DNA probe, specific for the pork mitochondrial genome, was immobilized onto carbon screen-printed electrodes modified with graphene acid. It was demonstrated that graphene acid improved the charge transport properties of the electrode, following a simple and rapid electrode modification and detection protocol. Using non-faradaic electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, which does not require any electrochemical indicators or redox pairs, the detection of pork residues in beef was achieved in less than 45 min (including sample preparation), with a limit of detection of 9% w/w pork content in beef samples. Importantly, the sample did not need to be purified or amplified, and the biosensor retained its performance properties unchanged for at least 4 weeks. This set of features places the present pork DNA sensor among the most attractive for further development and commercialization. Furthermore, it paves the way for the development of sensitive and selective point-of-need sensing devices for label-free, fast, simple and reliable monitoring of meat purity.
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Affiliation(s)
- José M R Flauzino
- Institute of Biotechnology, Federal University of Uberlândia, 38405-319, Uberlândia, MG, Brazil; Catalan Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Autonomous University of Barcelona, 08193, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Emily P Nguyen
- Catalan Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Autonomous University of Barcelona, 08193, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Qiuyue Yang
- Catalan Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Autonomous University of Barcelona, 08193, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Giulio Rosati
- Catalan Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Autonomous University of Barcelona, 08193, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - David Panáček
- Catalan Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Autonomous University of Barcelona, 08193, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain; Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Czech Advanced Technology and Research Institute (CATRIN), Palacký University Olomouc, Šlechtitelů 241/27, 783 71, Olomouc, Czech Republic; Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Palacký University Olomouc, 17. listopadu 1192/12, 771 46, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Ana G Brito-Madurro
- Institute of Biotechnology, Federal University of Uberlândia, 38405-319, Uberlândia, MG, Brazil
| | - João M Madurro
- Institute of Biotechnology, Federal University of Uberlândia, 38405-319, Uberlândia, MG, Brazil; Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Uberlândia, 38400-902, Uberlândia, MG, Brazil
| | - Aristides Bakandritsos
- Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Czech Advanced Technology and Research Institute (CATRIN), Palacký University Olomouc, Šlechtitelů 241/27, 783 71, Olomouc, Czech Republic; Nanotechnology Centre, Centre of Energy and Environmental Technologies, VŠB-Technical University of Ostrava, 17. listopadu 2172/15, 708 00, Ostrava-Poruba, Czech Republic
| | - Michal Otyepka
- Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Czech Advanced Technology and Research Institute (CATRIN), Palacký University Olomouc, Šlechtitelů 241/27, 783 71, Olomouc, Czech Republic; IT4Innovations, VŠB-Technical University of Ostrava, 17. listopadu 2172/15, 708 00, Ostrava-Poruba, Czech Republic
| | - Arben Merkoçi
- Catalan Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Autonomous University of Barcelona, 08193, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain.
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8
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Alqarni SA, Hussein MA, Ganash AA, Khan A. Composite Material–Based Conducting Polymers for Electrochemical Sensor Applications: a Mini Review. BIONANOSCIENCE 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s12668-019-00708-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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9
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Sun Y, Feng X, Hu J, Bo S, Zhang J, Wang W, Li S, Yang Y. Preparation of hemoglobin (Hb)-imprinted poly(ionic liquid)s via Hb-catalyzed eATRP on gold nanodendrites. Anal Bioanal Chem 2019; 412:983-991. [PMID: 31848668 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-019-02324-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2019] [Revised: 11/06/2019] [Accepted: 12/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Hemoglobin (Hb)-imprinted poly(ionic liquid)s (HIPILs) were prepared on the surface of Au electrode modified with gold nanodendrites (Au/ND/HIPILs). HIPILs were synthesized with 1-vinyl-3-propyl imidazole sulfonate ionic liquids as functional monomers via electrochemically mediated atom transfer radical polymerization (eATRP) catalyzed by Hb. The Au/ND/HIPILs electrode was examined by cyclic voltammetry (CV), scanning electron microscope (SEM), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The Au/ND/HIPILs electrode was also used as an electrochemical sensor to determine Hb by differential pulse voltammetry (DPV). Under the optimal conditions, the detection range of Hb was from 1.0 × 10-14 to 1.0 × 10-4 mg/mL with a limit of detection of 5.22 × 10-15 mg/mL (S/N = 3). Compared with other methods, the sensor based on poly(ionic liquid)s had the broader linear range and lower detection limit. Graphical Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Sun
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, 116029, Liaoning, China.
| | - Xuewei Feng
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, 116029, Liaoning, China
| | - Jing Hu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, 116029, Liaoning, China
| | - Shuang Bo
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, 116029, Liaoning, China
| | - Jiameng Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, 116029, Liaoning, China
| | - Wei Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, 116029, Liaoning, China
| | - Siyu Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, 116029, Liaoning, China
| | - Yifei Yang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, 116029, Liaoning, China
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10
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Chung S, Akhtar MH, Benboudiaf A, Park D, Shim Y. A Sensor for Serotonin and Dopamine Detection in Cancer Cells Line Based on the Conducting Polymer−Pd Complex Composite. ELECTROANAL 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.201900568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Saeromi Chung
- Department of Chemistry and Institute of BioPhysio Sensor Technology (IBST)Pusan National University Busan 46241 South Korea
| | - Mahmood H. Akhtar
- Department of Chemistry and Institute of BioPhysio Sensor Technology (IBST)Pusan National University Busan 46241 South Korea
| | - A. Benboudiaf
- Department of Chemistry and Institute of BioPhysio Sensor Technology (IBST)Pusan National University Busan 46241 South Korea
| | - Deog‐Su Park
- Institute of BioPhysio Sensor Technology (IBST)Pusan National University Busan 46241 South Korea
| | - Yoon‐Bo Shim
- Department of Chemistry and Institute of BioPhysio Sensor Technology (IBST)Pusan National University Busan 46241 South Korea
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11
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Zhu X, Wang R, Xia K, Zhou X, Shi H. Nucleic acid functionalized fiber optic probes for sensing in evanescent wave: optimization and application. RSC Adv 2019; 9:2316-2324. [PMID: 35516110 PMCID: PMC9059834 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra10125f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2018] [Accepted: 01/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Nucleic acid functionalized evanescent wave fiber optic (EWFO) biosensors have attracted much attention due to their remarkable advantages in both device configuration and sensing performance. One critical technique in EWFO biosensor fabrication is its surface modification, which requires (1) minimal nonspecific adsorption and (2) high-quality DNA immobilization to guarantee satisfactory sensing performances. Focusing on these two requirements, a series of optimizations have been conducted in this work to develop reliable DNA-functionalized EWFO probes. Firstly, the surface planeness of EWFO probes were found to be greatly improved by a novel HF/HNO3 mixture etching solution. Both atomic force microscopy (AFM) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) were conducted to investigate the morphological structures and surface chemical compositions. Besides, EWFO sensing performances adopting moderate immobilization of irrelevant DNA were investigated for optimization purposes. Furthermore, a split aptamer based sandwich-type EWFO sensor was developed using adenosine (Ade) as the model target (LOD = 25 μM). To the best of our knowledge, this study is the first case to focus on the optimization of etching solution compositions in the fabrication of combination tapered fibers, which provides experimental basis for the understanding of the silica-etching mechanism using HF/HNO3 mixture solution and may further inspire related researches. Reliable DNA-functionalized optic probes for sensing in evanescent wave have been developed based a series of optimizations on the etching solution and immobilization chemistry.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiyu Zhu
- State Key Joint Laboratory of ESPC
- Research Centre of Environmental and Health Sensing Technology
- Center for Sensor Technology of Environment and Health
- School of Environment
- Tsinghua University
| | - Ruoyu Wang
- State Key Joint Laboratory of ESPC
- Research Centre of Environmental and Health Sensing Technology
- Center for Sensor Technology of Environment and Health
- School of Environment
- Tsinghua University
| | - Kaidong Xia
- State Key Joint Laboratory of ESPC
- Research Centre of Environmental and Health Sensing Technology
- Center for Sensor Technology of Environment and Health
- School of Environment
- Tsinghua University
| | - Xiaohong Zhou
- State Key Joint Laboratory of ESPC
- Research Centre of Environmental and Health Sensing Technology
- Center for Sensor Technology of Environment and Health
- School of Environment
- Tsinghua University
| | - Hanchang Shi
- State Key Joint Laboratory of ESPC
- Research Centre of Environmental and Health Sensing Technology
- Center for Sensor Technology of Environment and Health
- School of Environment
- Tsinghua University
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12
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Kuralay F, Dükar N, Bayramlı Y. Poly-L-lysine Coated Surfaces for Ultrasensitive Nucleic Acid Detection. ELECTROANAL 2018; 30:1556-1565. [PMID: 32313411 PMCID: PMC7163579 DOI: 10.1002/elan.201800153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2018] [Accepted: 05/01/2018] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Poly-L-lysine is one of the biocompatible polymers having amino and carboxyl groups in its structure. This attractive feature of poly-L-lysine makes it very convenient for bioactive molecule attachment. This study details the preparation of poly-L-lysine-based pencil graphite electrodes (PLL/PGEs) and use of the coated electrodes for direct ultrasensitive DNA hybridization detection. In the first part of this study, poly-L-lysine coated electrodes were prepared using L-lysine as the monomer by cyclic voltammetry (CV) with different cyclic scans. The effect of these cyclic scans during the electropolymerization was investigated. Coated electrodes were characterized by cyclic voltammetry, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Then, one-pot preparation of poly-L-lysine composites with graphene (GN) and multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) onto the pencil graphite electrodes were achieved. Electrochemical responses of these 3 electrodes were compared. After all, electrochemical DNA hybridization was performed using the poly-L-lysine-based electrodes prepared at optimum polymerization condition. The PLL/PGE coated electrode presented a good linear response in the target concentration range of 1.0×10-13 to 1.0×10-6 with a detection limit of 2.25×10-14 using differential pulse voltammetry as the detection method. We believe that poly-L-lysine-based surfaces will be useful for further clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filiz Kuralay
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Arts and SciencesOrdu University52200OrduTurkeyPhone: +90-452-2345010/1680Fax: +90-452-2339149
| | - Nilgün Dükar
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Arts and SciencesOrdu University52200OrduTurkeyPhone: +90-452-2345010/1680Fax: +90-452-2339149
| | - Yaşar Bayramlı
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Arts and SciencesOrdu University52200OrduTurkeyPhone: +90-452-2345010/1680Fax: +90-452-2339149
- Espiye Vocational SchoolGiresun University28200GiresunTurkey
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13
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Hussain KK, Akhtar MH, Kim MH, Jung DK, Shim YB. Performance comparison between multienzymes loaded single and dual electrodes for the simultaneous electrochemical detection of adenosine and metabolites in cancerous cells. Biosens Bioelectron 2018; 109:263-271. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2018.03.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2018] [Revised: 03/03/2018] [Accepted: 03/14/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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14
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Akhtar MH, Hussain KK, Gurudatt NG, Chandra P, Shim YB. Ultrasensitive dual probe immunosensor for the monitoring of nicotine induced-brain derived neurotrophic factor released from cancer cells. Biosens Bioelectron 2018; 116:108-115. [PMID: 29860089 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2018.05.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2018] [Revised: 05/22/2018] [Accepted: 05/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) was detected in the extracellular matrix of neuronal cells using a dual probe immunosensor (DPI), where one of them was used as a working and another bioconjugate loading probe. The working probe was fabricated by covalently immobilizing capture anti-BDNF (Cap Ab) on the gold nanoparticles (AuNPs)/conducting polymer composite layer. The bioconjugate probe was modified by drop casting a bioconjugate particles composed of conducting polymer self-assembled AuNPs, immobilized with detection anti-BDNF (Det Ab) and toluidine blue O (TBO). Each sensor layer was characterized using the surface analysis and electrochemical methods. Two modified probes were precisely faced each other to form a microfluidic channel structure and the gap between inside modified surfaces was about 19 µm. At optimized conditions, the DPI showed a linear dynamic range from 4.0 to 600.0 pg/ml with a detection limit of 1.5 ± 0.012 pg/ml. Interference effect of IgG, arginine, glutamine, serine, albumin, and fibrinogene were examined and stability of the developed biosensor was also investigated. The reliability of the DPI sensor was evaluated by monitoring the extracellular release of BDNF using exogenic activators (ethanol, K+, and nicotine) in neuronal and non-neuronal cells. In addition, the effect of nicotine onto neuroblastoma cancer cells (SH-SY5Y) was studied in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmood H Akhtar
- Department of Chemistry and Institute of BioPhysio Sensor Technology (IBST), Pusan National University, Busan 46241, South Korea
| | - Khalil K Hussain
- Department of Chemistry and Institute of BioPhysio Sensor Technology (IBST), Pusan National University, Busan 46241, South Korea
| | - N G Gurudatt
- Department of Chemistry and Institute of BioPhysio Sensor Technology (IBST), Pusan National University, Busan 46241, South Korea
| | - Pranjal Chandra
- Department of Chemistry and Institute of BioPhysio Sensor Technology (IBST), Pusan National University, Busan 46241, South Korea; Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati 781039, Assam, India
| | - Yoon-Bo Shim
- Department of Chemistry and Institute of BioPhysio Sensor Technology (IBST), Pusan National University, Busan 46241, South Korea.
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15
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Benvidi A, Saucedo NM, Ramnani P, Villarreal C, Mulchandani A, Tezerjani MD, Jahanbani S. Electro‐oxidized Monolayer CVD Graphene Film Transducer for Ultrasensitive Impedimetric DNA Biosensor. ELECTROANAL 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.201700654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ali Benvidi
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering University of California Riverside CA 92521 USA
- Department of Chemistry Yazd University Yazd Iran
| | - Nuvia M. Saucedo
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering University of California Riverside CA 92521 USA
- Department of Chemistry University of California Riverside CA 92521 USA
| | - Pankaj Ramnani
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering University of California Riverside CA 92521 USA
| | - Claudia Villarreal
- Materials Science and Engineering Program University of California Riverside CA 92521 USA
| | - Ashok Mulchandani
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering University of California Riverside CA 92521 USA
- Materials Science and Engineering Program University of California Riverside CA 92521 USA
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16
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A universal and label-free impedimetric biosensing platform for discrimination of single nucleotide substitutions in long nucleic acid strands. Biosens Bioelectron 2018. [PMID: 29524915 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2018.02.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
We report a label-free universal biosensing platform for highly selective detection of long nucleic acid strands. The sensor consists of an electrode-immobilized universal stem-loop (USL) probe and two adaptor strands that form a 4J structure in the presence of a specific DNA/RNA analyte. The sensor was characterized by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) using K3[Fe(CN)6]/K4[Fe(CN)6] redox couple in solution. An increase in charge transfer resistance (RCT) was observed upon 4J structure formation, the value of which depends on the analyte length. Cyclic voltammetry (CV) was used to further characterize the sensor and monitor the electrochemical reaction in conjunction with thickness measurements of the mixed DNA monolayer obtained using spectroscopic ellipsometry. In addition, the electron transfer was calculated at the electrode/electrolyte interface using a rotating disk electrode. Limits of detection in the femtomolar range were achieved for nucleic acid targets of different lengths (22 nt, 60 nt, 200 nt). The sensor produced only a background signal in the presence of single base mismatched analytes, even in hundred times excess in concentration. This label-free and highly selective biosensing platform is versatile and can be used for universal detection of nucleic acids of varied lengths which could revolutionize point of care diagnostics for applications such as bacterial or cancer screening.
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Yang J, Yin X, Xia M, Zhang W. Tungsten disulfide nanosheets supported poly(xanthurenic acid) as a signal transduction interface for electrochemical genosensing applications. RSC Adv 2018; 8:39703-39709. [PMID: 35558023 PMCID: PMC9091227 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra08669a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2018] [Accepted: 11/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Tungsten disulfide (WS2) nanosheets supported poly(xanthurenic acid) (PXa) was used as the signal transduction interface for electrochemical genosensing. The WS2 nanosheets were obtained from bulk WS2 using a simple ultrasonic method. Due to the unique physical adsorption of Xa monomers to WS2, the electropolymerization efficiency was greatly improved, accompanied with an increased electrochemical response of PXa. The obtained PXa/WS2 nanocomposite not only served as a substrate for DNA immobilization but also reflected the electrochemical transduction originating from DNA immobilization and hybridization without any other indicators or complicated labelling steps. Owing to the presence of abundant carboxyl groups, the probe ssDNA was covalently attached on the carboxyl-terminated PXa/WS2 nanocomposite through the free amines of DNA sequences based on the 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl) carbodiimide and N-hydrosulfosuccinimide crosslinking reaction. The covalently immobilized probe ssDNA could selectively hybridize with its target DNA to form dsDNA on the surface of the PXa/WS2 nanocomposite. This developed biosensor achieved a satisfactory detection limit down to 1.6 × 10−16 mol L−1 and a dynamic range of 1.0 × 10−15 to 1.0 × 10−11 mol L−1 for detection of circulating tumor DNA related to gastric carcinoma. Selectivity of the biosensor has been investigated in presence of non-complementary, one-mismatched and two-mismatched DNA sequences. An electrochemical signal transduction sensing interface for detecting PIK3CA gene was developed based on WS2 nanosheets supported PXa.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Jimin Yang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Linyi University
- Linyi 276005
- China
| | - Xuesong Yin
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Linyi University
- Linyi 276005
- China
| | - Min Xia
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Linyi University
- Linyi 276005
- China
| | - Wei Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Linyi University
- Linyi 276005
- China
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3D-polythiophene foam on a TiO2 nanotube array as a substrate for photogenerated Pt nanoparticles as an advanced catalyst for the oxygen reduction reaction. Polym J 2017. [DOI: 10.1038/s41428-017-0005-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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19
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Moon JM, Thapliyal N, Hussain KK, Goyal RN, Shim YB. Conducting polymer-based electrochemical biosensors for neurotransmitters: A review. Biosens Bioelectron 2017; 102:540-552. [PMID: 29220802 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2017.11.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 174] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2017] [Revised: 11/25/2017] [Accepted: 11/29/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Neurotransmitters are important biochemical molecules that control behavioral and physiological functions in central and peripheral nervous system. Therefore, the analysis of neurotransmitters in biological samples has a great clinical and pharmaceutical importance. To date, various methods have been developed for their assay. Of the various methods, the electrochemical sensors demonstrated the potential of being robust, selective, sensitive, and real time measurements. Recently, conducting polymers (CPs) and their composites have been widely employed in the fabrication of various electrochemical sensors for the determination of neurotransmitters. Hence, this review presents a brief introduction to the electrochemical biosensors, with the detailed discussion on recent trends in the development and applications of electrochemical neurotransmitter sensors based on CPs and their composites. The review covers the sensing principle of prime neurotransmitters, including glutamate, aspartate, tyrosine, epinephrine, norepinephrine, dopamine, serotonin, histamine, choline, acetylcholine, nitrogen monoxide, and hydrogen sulfide. In addition, the combination with other analytical techniques was also highlighted. Detection challenges and future prospective of the neurotransmitter sensors were discussed for the development of biomedical and healthcare applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong-Min Moon
- Department of Chemistry and Institute of BioPhysio Sensor Technology (IBST), Pusan National University, Busan 46241, South Korea
| | - Neeta Thapliyal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4000, South Africa
| | - Khalil Khadim Hussain
- Department of Chemistry and Institute of BioPhysio Sensor Technology (IBST), Pusan National University, Busan 46241, South Korea
| | - Rajendra N Goyal
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee 247667, India.
| | - Yoon-Bo Shim
- Department of Chemistry and Institute of BioPhysio Sensor Technology (IBST), Pusan National University, Busan 46241, South Korea.
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20
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Aydemir N, Chan E, Baek P, Barker D, Williams DE, Travas-Sejdic J. New immobilisation method for oligonucleotides on electrodes enables highly-sensitive, electrochemical label-free gene sensing. Biosens Bioelectron 2017; 97:128-135. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2017.05.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2017] [Revised: 05/16/2017] [Accepted: 05/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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21
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Chung S, Chandra P, Koo JP, Shim YB. Development of a bifunctional nanobiosensor for screening and detection of chemokine ligand in colorectal cancer cell line. Biosens Bioelectron 2017; 100:396-403. [PMID: 28954256 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2017.09.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2017] [Revised: 09/13/2017] [Accepted: 09/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Highly sensitive detection of chemokines in various biological matrices and its interaction with a natural receptor molecule has tremendous importance in cell signaling, medical diagnostics, and therapeutics. In this direction, we have designed the first bifunctional nanobiosensor for chemokine screening and detection in a single experimental setting. The sensor probe was fabricated by immobilizing CXCR2 on the gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) deposited 2,2':5',2''-terthiophene-3' (p-benzoic acid) (TBA) nanocomposite film. The interaction between CXCR2 and chemokines was studied using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and voltammetry. CXCL5 among three ligands showed the strongest affinity to CXCR2, which was further utilized to develop an amperometric CXCL5 biosensor. Analytical parameters, such as CXCR2 receptor concentration, temperature, pH, and incubation time were optimized to obtain the high sensitivity. A dynamic range for CXCL5 detection was obtained between 0.1 and 10ng/mL with the detection limit of 0.078 ± 0.004ng/mL (RSD < 4.7%). The proposed biosensor was successfully applied to detect CXCL5 in clinically relevant concentrations in human serum and colorectal cancer cells samples with high sensitivity and selectivity. Interference effect and the stability of the developed biosensor were also evaluated. Method verification was performed by comparing the results using commercially available ELISA kit for CXCL5 detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeromi Chung
- Department of Chemistry and Institute of BioPhysio Sensor Technology (IBST), Pusan National University, Busan 609-735, South Korea
| | - Pranjal Chandra
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati 781039, Assam, India
| | - Jaseok Peter Koo
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale Cancer Center, Yale School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Yoon-Bo Shim
- Department of Chemistry and Institute of BioPhysio Sensor Technology (IBST), Pusan National University, Busan 609-735, South Korea.
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22
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Akhtar MH, Hussain KK, Gurudatt NG, Shim YB. Detection of Ca 2+-induced acetylcholine released from leukemic T-cells using an amperometric microfluidic sensor. Biosens Bioelectron 2017; 98:364-370. [PMID: 28704785 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2017.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2017] [Revised: 06/16/2017] [Accepted: 07/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
A microfluidic structured-dual electrodes sensor comprising of a pair of screen printed carbon electrodes was fabricated to detect acetylcholine, where one of them was used for an enzyme reaction and another for a detection electrode. The former was coated with gold nanoparticles and the latter with a porous gold layer, followed by electropolymerization of 2, 2:5,2-terthiophene-3-(p-benzoic acid) (pTTBA) on both the electrodes. Then, acetylcholinesterase was covalently attached onto the reaction electrode, and hydrazine and choline oxidase were co-immobilized on the detection electrode. The layers of both modified electrodes were characterized employing voltammetry, field emission scanning electron microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and quartz crystal microscopy. After the modifications of both electrode surfaces, they were precisely faced each other to form a microfluidic channel structure, where H2O2 produced from the sequential enzymatic reactions was reduced by hydrazine to obtain the analytical signal which was analyzed by the detection electrode. The microfluidic sensor at the optimized experimental conditions exhibited a wide dynamic range from 0.7nM to 1500μM with the detection limit of 0.6 ± 0.1nM based on 3s (S/N = 3). The biomedical application of the proposed sensor was evaluated by detecting acetylcholine in human plasma samples. Moreover, the Ca2+-induced acetylcholine released in leukemic T-cells was also investigated to show the in vitro detection ability of the designed microfluidic sensor. Interference due to the real component matrix were also studied and long term stability of the designed sensor was evaluated. The analytical performance of the designed sensor was also compared with commercially available ACh detection kit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmood H Akhtar
- Department of Chemistry and Institute of BioPhysio Sensor Technology (IBST), Pusan National University, Busan 46241, South Korea
| | - Khalil K Hussain
- Department of Chemistry and Institute of BioPhysio Sensor Technology (IBST), Pusan National University, Busan 46241, South Korea
| | - N G Gurudatt
- Department of Chemistry and Institute of BioPhysio Sensor Technology (IBST), Pusan National University, Busan 46241, South Korea
| | - Yoon-Bo Shim
- Department of Chemistry and Institute of BioPhysio Sensor Technology (IBST), Pusan National University, Busan 46241, South Korea.
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23
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Analysis of the evolution of the detection limits of electrochemical nucleic acid biosensors II. Anal Bioanal Chem 2017; 409:4335-4352. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-017-0377-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2017] [Revised: 04/11/2017] [Accepted: 04/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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24
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Kim DM, Moon JM, Lee WC, Yoon JH, Choi CS, Shim YB. A potentiometric non-enzymatic glucose sensor using a molecularly imprinted layer bonded on a conducting polymer. Biosens Bioelectron 2017; 91:276-283. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2016.12.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2016] [Revised: 09/22/2016] [Accepted: 12/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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25
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Chan D, Barsan MM, Korpan Y, Brett CM. L-lactate selective impedimetric bienzymatic biosensor based on lactate dehydrogenase and pyruvate oxidase. Electrochim Acta 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2017.02.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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26
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Moon JM, Kim DM, Kim MH, Han JY, Jung DK, Shim YB. A disposable amperometric dual-sensor for the detection of hemoglobin and glycated hemoglobin in a finger prick blood sample. Biosens Bioelectron 2016; 91:128-135. [PMID: 28006679 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2016.12.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2016] [Revised: 12/14/2016] [Accepted: 12/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
A disposable microfluidic amperometric dual-sensor was developed for the detection of glycated hemoglobin (HbA1C) and total hemoglobin (Hb), separately, in a finger prick blood sample. The accurate level of total Hb was determined through the measurements of the cathodic currents of total Hb catalyzed by a toluidine blue O (TBO)-modified working electrode. Subsequently, after washing unbound Hb in the fluidic channel of dual sensor with PBS, the cathodic current by only HbA1C captured on aptamer was monitored using another aptamer/TBO-modified working electrode in the channel. To modify the sensor probe, poly(2,2´:5´,5″-terthiophene-3´-p-benzoic acid) and a multi-wall carbon nanotube (MWCNT) composite layer (pTBA@MWCNT) was electropolymerized on a screen printed carbon electrode (SPCE), followed by immobilization of TBO for the total Hb probe and aptamer/TBO for the HbA1C probe, respectively. The characterization of each sensor surface was performed using cyclic voltammetry (CV), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), quartz crystal microbalance (QCM), field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The experimental conditions affecting the analytical signal were optimized in terms of the amount of TBO, pH, temperature, binding time, applied potential, and the content ratio of monomer and MWCNT. The dynamic ranges of Hb and HbA1C were from 0.1 to 10µM and from 0.006 to 0.74µM, with detection limits of 82(±4.2)nM and 3.7(±0.8)nM, respectively. The reliability of the proposed microfluidic dual-sensor for a finger prick blood sample (1µL) was evaluated in parallel with a conventional method (HPLC) for point-of-care analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong-Min Moon
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of BioPhysio Sensor Technology (IBST), Pusan National University, Busan 46241, South Korea
| | - Dong-Min Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of BioPhysio Sensor Technology (IBST), Pusan National University, Busan 46241, South Korea
| | - Moo Hyun Kim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Dong-A University, College of Medicine, Busan 602-714, South Korea
| | - Jin-Yeong Han
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Dong-A University, College of Medicine, Busan 602-714, South Korea
| | - Dong-Keun Jung
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Dong-A University, College of Medicine, Busan 602-714, South Korea
| | - Yoon-Bo Shim
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of BioPhysio Sensor Technology (IBST), Pusan National University, Busan 46241, South Korea.
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27
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Minaei ME, Saadati M, Najafi M, Honari H. Label-free, PCR-free DNA Hybridization Detection of Escherichia coli
O157 : H7 Based on Electrochemical Nanobiosensor. ELECTROANAL 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.201600198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Mostafa Najafi
- Department of Chemistry; Imam Hossein University; Tehran Iran
| | - Hossein Honari
- Department of Biology; Imam Hossein University; Tehran Iran
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28
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Guarino V, Zuppolini S, Borriello A, Ambrosio L. Electro-Active Polymers (EAPs): A Promising Route to Design Bio-Organic/Bioinspired Platforms with on Demand Functionalities. Polymers (Basel) 2016; 8:E185. [PMID: 30979278 PMCID: PMC6432240 DOI: 10.3390/polym8050185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2016] [Revised: 04/19/2016] [Accepted: 05/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Through recent discoveries and new knowledge among correlations between molecular biology and materials science, it is a growing interest to design new biomaterials able to interact-i.e., to influence, to guide or to detect-with cells and their surrounding microenvironments, in order to better control biological phenomena. In this context, electro-active polymers (EAPs) are showing great promise as biomaterials acting as an interface between electronics and biology. This is ascribable to the highly tunability of chemical/physical properties which confer them different conductive properties for various applicative uses (i.e., molecular targeting, biosensors, biocompatible scaffolds). This review article is divided into three parts: the first one is an overview on EAPs to introduce basic conductivity mechanisms and their classification. The second one is focused on the description of most common processes used to manipulate EAPs in the form of two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) materials. The last part addresses their use in current applications in different biomedical research areas including tissue engineering, biosensors and molecular delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincenzo Guarino
- Institute of Polymers, Composites and Biomaterials, Department of Chemical Sciences and Materials Technologies, National Research Council of Italy, V.le Kennedy 54, 80125 Naples, Italy.
| | - Simona Zuppolini
- Institute of Polymers, Composites and Biomaterials, Department of Chemical Sciences and Materials Technologies, National Research Council of Italy, V.le Kennedy 54, 80125 Naples, Italy.
| | - Anna Borriello
- Institute of Polymers, Composites and Biomaterials, Department of Chemical Sciences and Materials Technologies, National Research Council of Italy, V.le Kennedy 54, 80125 Naples, Italy.
| | - Luigi Ambrosio
- Institute of Polymers, Composites and Biomaterials, Department of Chemical Sciences and Materials Technologies, National Research Council of Italy, V.le Kennedy 54, 80125 Naples, Italy.
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29
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Disposable all-solid-state pH and glucose sensors based on conductive polymer covered hierarchical AuZn oxide. Biosens Bioelectron 2016; 79:165-72. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2015.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2015] [Revised: 11/28/2015] [Accepted: 12/01/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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30
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Hussain KK, Gurudatt NG, Mir TA, Shim YB. Amperometric sensing of HIF1α expressed in cancer cells and the effect of hypoxic mimicking agents. Biosens Bioelectron 2016; 83:312-8. [PMID: 27132006 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2016.04.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2016] [Revised: 04/19/2016] [Accepted: 04/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Hypoxia inducible factor 1 alpha (HIF1α) overexpression was detected in cancerous cells using an amperometric immunosensor with a nano-bioconjugate. The sensor probe was fabricated by covalently immobilizing the antibody (anti-HIF1α) onto a composite layer of functionalized conducting polymer [2,2:5,2-terthiophene-3-(p-benzoic acid)] (pTTBA) formed on a layer of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs). A nano-bioconjugate with hydrazine and a secondary antibody of HIF1α (sec-Ab2) attached on AuNPs reveals the immunoreaction at the sensor probe through the catalytic reduction of H2O2 by hydrazine at -0.35V vs. Ag/AgCl. Morphology and performance of the sensor probe were characterized using FE-SEM, XPS, EIS, and cyclic voltammetry. The calibration plot at optimized experimental conditions shows a dynamic range of 25-350pM/mL with a detection limit of 5.35±0.02pM/mL. The reliability of the sensor was evaluated using non-cancerous Vero and cancerous MCF-7 cell lysates, where the HIF1α expression was compared with three cancerous cell lines MCF-7, PC-3, and A549. Furthermore, the sensor probe confirms the stable expression of HIF1α in the A549 lung cancer cells when exposing them to hypoxic mimicking agents Co, Ni, and Mn ions. Of these, Co ions show the highest stabilization effect on HIF1α followed by Ni and Mn ions, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khalil K Hussain
- Department of Chemistry and Institute of BioPhysio Sensor Technology (IBST), Pusan National University, Busan 46241, South Korea
| | - N G Gurudatt
- Department of Chemistry and Institute of BioPhysio Sensor Technology (IBST), Pusan National University, Busan 46241, South Korea
| | - Tanveer Ahmad Mir
- Department of Chemistry and Institute of BioPhysio Sensor Technology (IBST), Pusan National University, Busan 46241, South Korea
| | - Yoon-Bo Shim
- Department of Chemistry and Institute of BioPhysio Sensor Technology (IBST), Pusan National University, Busan 46241, South Korea.
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31
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Rahman MM, Li XB, Lopa NS, Ahn SJ, Lee JJ. Electrochemical DNA hybridization sensors based on conducting polymers. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2015; 15:3801-29. [PMID: 25664436 PMCID: PMC4367386 DOI: 10.3390/s150203801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2014] [Accepted: 01/27/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Conducting polymers (CPs) are a group of polymeric materials that have attracted considerable attention because of their unique electronic, chemical, and biochemical properties. This is reflected in their use in a wide range of potential applications, including light-emitting diodes, anti-static coating, electrochromic materials, solar cells, chemical sensors, biosensors, and drug-release systems. Electrochemical DNA sensors based on CPs can be used in numerous areas related to human health. This review summarizes the recent progress made in the development and use of CP-based electrochemical DNA hybridization sensors. We discuss the distinct properties of CPs with respect to their use in the immobilization of probe DNA on electrode surfaces, and we describe the immobilization techniques used for developing DNA hybridization sensors together with the various transduction methods employed. In the concluding part of this review, we present some of the challenges faced in the use of CP-based DNA hybridization sensors, as well as a future perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Mahbubur Rahman
- Nanotechnology Research Center and Department of Applied Life Science, College of Biomedical and Health Science, Konkuk University, Chungju 380-701, Korea.
| | - Xiao-Bo Li
- Nanotechnology Research Center and Department of Applied Life Science, College of Biomedical and Health Science, Konkuk University, Chungju 380-701, Korea.
| | - Nasrin Siraj Lopa
- Nanotechnology Research Center and Department of Applied Life Science, College of Biomedical and Health Science, Konkuk University, Chungju 380-701, Korea.
| | - Sang Jung Ahn
- Center for Advanced Instrumentation, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science (KRISS), Daejeon 305-340, Korea.
| | - Jae-Joon Lee
- Nanotechnology Research Center and Department of Applied Life Science, College of Biomedical and Health Science, Konkuk University, Chungju 380-701, Korea.
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Rosy R, Goyal RN, Shim YB. Glutaraldehyde sandwiched amino functionalized polymer based aptasensor for the determination and quantification of chloramphenicol. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra11131e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Highly sensitive determination of chloramphenicol has been carried out using glutaraldehyde sandwiched polymer based aptasensor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosy Rosy
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee
- Roorkee – 247 667
- India
| | - Rajendra N. Goyal
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee
- Roorkee – 247 667
- India
| | - Yoon-Bo Shim
- Department of Chemistry and Institute of Bio-Physico Sensor Technology
- Pusan National University
- Busan 609-735
- South Korea
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33
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Nimse SB, Song K, Sonawane MD, Sayyed DR, Kim T. Immobilization techniques for microarray: challenges and applications. SENSORS 2014; 14:22208-29. [PMID: 25429408 PMCID: PMC4299010 DOI: 10.3390/s141222208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2014] [Revised: 10/24/2014] [Accepted: 11/11/2014] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
The highly programmable positioning of molecules (biomolecules, nanoparticles, nanobeads, nanocomposites materials) on surfaces has potential applications in the fields of biosensors, biomolecular electronics, and nanodevices. However, the conventional techniques including self-assembled monolayers fail to position the molecules on the nanometer scale to produce highly organized monolayers on the surface. The present article elaborates different techniques for the immobilization of the biomolecules on the surface to produce microarrays and their diagnostic applications. The advantages and the drawbacks of various methods are compared. This article also sheds light on the applications of the different technologies for the detection and discrimination of viral/bacterial genotypes and the detection of the biomarkers. A brief survey with 115 references covering the last 10 years on the biological applications of microarrays in various fields is also provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satish Balasaheb Nimse
- Institute for Applied Chemistry and Department of Chemistry, Hallym University, Chuncheon 200-702, Korea.
| | - Keumsoo Song
- Biometrix Technology, Inc. 202 BioVenture Plaza, Chuncheon 200-161, Korea.
| | - Mukesh Digambar Sonawane
- Institute for Applied Chemistry and Department of Chemistry, Hallym University, Chuncheon 200-702, Korea.
| | - Danishmalik Rafiq Sayyed
- Institute for Applied Chemistry and Department of Chemistry, Hallym University, Chuncheon 200-702, Korea.
| | - Taisun Kim
- Institute for Applied Chemistry and Department of Chemistry, Hallym University, Chuncheon 200-702, Korea.
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34
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Kim DM, Won MS, Yoon JH, Kim JH, Goyal RN, Shim YB. Chiral Recognition of Proline Enantiomers by the Catalytic Oxygen Reduction and Formation of Cu(II)-Polymer Complex Crystals. ELECTROANAL 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.201400405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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35
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Riedel M, Kartchemnik J, Schöning MJ, Lisdat F. Impedimetric DNA Detection—Steps Forward to Sensorial Application. Anal Chem 2014; 86:7867-74. [DOI: 10.1021/ac501800q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Marc Riedel
- Biosystems
Technology, Institute of Applied Life Sciences, Technical University of Applied Sciences Wildau, Hochschulring 1, 15745 Wildau, Germany
| | - Julia Kartchemnik
- Biosystems
Technology, Institute of Applied Life Sciences, Technical University of Applied Sciences Wildau, Hochschulring 1, 15745 Wildau, Germany
| | - Michael J. Schöning
- Institute
of Nano- and Biotechnologies, University of Applied Sciences Aachen, Heinrich-Mußmann-Strasse 1, 52428 Jülich, Germany
| | - Fred Lisdat
- Biosystems
Technology, Institute of Applied Life Sciences, Technical University of Applied Sciences Wildau, Hochschulring 1, 15745 Wildau, Germany
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36
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Yeap WS, Murib MS, Cuypers W, Liu X, van Grinsven B, Ameloot M, Fahlman M, Wagner P, Maes W, Haenen K. Boron-Doped Diamond Functionalization by an Electrografting/Alkyne-Azide Click Chemistry Sequence. ChemElectroChem 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/celc.201402068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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37
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Ihalainen P, Pettersson F, Pesonen M, Viitala T, Määttänen A, Österbacka R, Peltonen J. An impedimetric study of DNA hybridization on paper-supported inkjet-printed gold electrodes. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2014; 25:094009. [PMID: 24522116 DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/25/9/094009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
In this study, two different supramolecular recognition architectures for impedimetric detection of DNA hybridization have been formed on disposable paper-supported inkjet-printed gold electrodes. The gold electrodes were fabricated using a gold nanoparticle based ink. The first recognition architecture consists of subsequent layers of biotinylated self-assembly monolayer (SAM), streptavidin and biotinylated DNA probe. The other recognition architecture is constructed by immobilization of thiol-functionalized DNA probe (HS-DNA) and subsequent backfill with 11-mercapto-1-undecanol (MUOH) SAM. The binding capacity and selectivity of the recognition architectures were examined by surface plasmon resonance (SPR) measurements. SPR results showed that the HS-DNA/MUOH system had a higher binding capacity for the complementary DNA target. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) measurements showed that the hybridization can be detected with impedimetric spectroscopy in picomol range for both systems. EIS signal indicated a good selectivity for both recognition architectures, whereas SPR showed very high unspecific binding for the HS-DNA/MUOH system. The factors affecting the impedance signal were interpreted in terms of the complexity of the supramolecular architecture. The more complex architecture acts as a less ideal capacitive sensor and the impedance signal is dominated by the resistive elements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petri Ihalainen
- Center of Excellence for Functional Materials and Laboratory of Physical Chemistry, Department of Natural Sciences, Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
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38
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Kim DM, Noh HB, Shim YB. Applications of Conductive Polymers to Electrochemical Sensors and Energy Conversion Electrodes. J ELECTROCHEM SCI TE 2013. [DOI: 10.33961/jecst.2013.4.4.125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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39
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Kim DM, Noh HB, Shim YB. Applications of Conductive Polymers to Electrochemical Sensors and Energy Conversion Electrodes. J ELECTROCHEM SCI TE 2013. [DOI: 10.5229/jecst.2013.4.4.125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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40
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Kashanian S, Khodaei MM, Roshanfekr H, Peyman H. DNA interaction of [Cu(dmp)(phen-dion)] (dmp=4,7 and 2,9 dimethyl phenanthroline, phen-dion=1,10-phenanthroline-5,6-dion) complexes and DNA-based electrochemical biosensor using chitosan-carbon nanotubes composite film. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2013; 114:642-649. [PMID: 23811151 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2013.05.091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2013] [Revised: 05/22/2013] [Accepted: 05/24/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The interaction of two new water-soluble [Cu(4,7-dmp)(phen-dione)Cl]Cl (1) and [Cu(2,9-dmp)(phen-dione)Cl]Cl (2) which dmp is dimethyl-1,10-phenanthroline and phen-dion represents 1,10-phenanthroline-5,6-dion, with DNA in solution and immobilized DNA on a chitosan-carbon nanotubes composite modified glassy carbon electrode were investigated by cyclic voltammetry and UV-Vis spectroscopy techniques. In solution interactions, spectroscopic and electrochemical evidences indicate outside binding of these complexes. To clarify the binding mode of complexes, it was done competition studies with Hoechst and Neutral red as groove binder and intercalative probes, respectively. All these results indicating that, these two complexes (1) and (2) interact with DNA via groove binding and partially intercalative modes, respectively. The electrochemical characterization experiments showed that the nanocomposite film of chitosan-carbon nanotubes could effectively immobilize DNA and greatly improve the electron-transfer reactions of the electroactive molecules that latter finding is the result of strong interactions between captured DNA and Cu complexes. This result indicates that these complexes could be noble candidates as hybridization indicators in further studies. At the end, these new complexes showed excellent antitumor activity against K562 (human chronic myeloid leukemia) cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soheila Kashanian
- Faulty of Chemistry, Sensor and Biosensor Research Center (SBRC) & Nanoscience and Nanotechnology Research Center (NNRC), Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran.
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41
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Spectroelectrochemical and electrochromic behaviors of newly synthesized poly[3′-(2-aminopyrimidyl)-2,2′:5′,2″-terthiophene]. Electrochim Acta 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2013.04.120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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42
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Zhang XY, Zhou LY, Luo HQ, Li NB. A sensitive and label-free impedimetric biosensor based on an adjunct probe. Anal Chim Acta 2013; 776:11-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2013.03.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2012] [Revised: 03/04/2013] [Accepted: 03/12/2013] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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43
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Anderson MJ, Miller HR, Alocilja EC. PCR-less DNA co-polymerization detection of Shiga like toxin 1 (stx1) in Escherichia coli O157:H7. Biosens Bioelectron 2013; 42:581-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2012.09.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2012] [Revised: 09/04/2012] [Accepted: 09/27/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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44
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Agrawal B, Chandra P, Goyal RN, Shim YB. Detection of norfloxacin and monitoring its effect on caffeine catabolism in urine samples. Biosens Bioelectron 2013; 47:307-12. [PMID: 23587793 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2013.03.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2013] [Accepted: 03/13/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
A multi-walled carbon nano tube (MWCNT) modified pyrolytic graphite (MPG) electrode is prepared and applied to detect norfloxacin (NFX) based on its electrochemical reduction. The experimental parameters affecting the NFX determination were optimized in terms of MWCNT amount, pH, reaction time, and square wave frequency. The dynamic range for the NFX analysis ranged between 1.2 and 1000µM with a detection limit of 40.6±3.3nM. The effect of NFX on the catabolism of caffeine has been studied by determining its concentration in the urine samples after the prolonged administration of NFX using the MPG electrode. The results show that the catabolism of caffeine is inhibited by ~65% after five days of NFX administration, consequently the caffeine concentration in the urine sample is increased, which is reflected in terms of ~2.5 times increase in the peak current of caffeine. The determinations of NFX and caffeine were selective and the method was successfully applied in biological fluids and pharmaceutical tablets for the test compound analysis. In future this method can be useful for the selective determination of NFX and studying its effect on caffeine catabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bharati Agrawal
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee 247 667, India
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45
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Abdelwahab AA, Kim DM, Halappa NM, Shim YB. A Selective Catalytic Oxidation of Ascorbic Acid at the Aminopyrimidyl Functionalized-Conductive Polymer Electrode. ELECTROANAL 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.201200650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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46
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Coros M, Biris AR, Pogacean F, Tudoran LB, Neamtu C, Watanabe F, Biris AS, Pruneanu S. Influence of chemical oxidation upon the electro-catalytic properties of graphene–gold nanoparticle composite. Electrochim Acta 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2012.12.122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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47
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Ripert M, Farre C, Chaix C. Selective functionalization of Au electrodes by electrochemical activation of the “click” reaction catalyst. Electrochim Acta 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2012.12.108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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48
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Analysis of the evolution of the detection limits of electrochemical DNA biosensors. Anal Bioanal Chem 2013; 405:3705-14. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-012-6672-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2012] [Revised: 12/04/2012] [Accepted: 12/18/2012] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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49
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Yang T, Guan Q, Guo X, Meng L, Du M, Jiao K. Direct and freely switchable detection of target genes engineered by reduced graphene oxide-poly(m-aminobenzenesulfonic acid) nanocomposite via synchronous pulse electrosynthesis. Anal Chem 2013; 85:1358-66. [PMID: 23256634 DOI: 10.1021/ac3030009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A novel one-step electrochemical synthesis of the reduced graphene oxide and poly(m-aminobenzenesulfonic acid, ABSA) nanocomposite (PABSA-rGNO) via pulse potentiostatic method (PPM) for direct and freely switchable detection of target genes is presented. Unlike most electrochemical preparation of hybrids based on rGNO and polymer, electrochemical synthesis of PABSA (during the pulse electropolymerization period of PPM) and electrochemical reduction of rGNO (during the resting period of PPM), in this paper, were alternately performed. The total progress synchronously resulted in PABSA-rGNO nanocomposite. This nanocomposite was characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), Fourier Transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), cyclic voltammetry (CV), and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The PABSA-rGNO nanocomposite integrated graphene (a single-atom thick, two-dimensional sheet of sp(2) bonded conjugated carbon) with PABSA (owning rich-conjugated structures, functional groups, and excellent electrochemical activity), which could serve as an ideal electrode material for biosensing and electrochemical cell, etc. As an example, the immobilization of the specific probe DNA was successfully conducted via the noncovalent method due to the π-π* interaction between conjugated nanocomposite and DNA bases. The hybridization between the probe DNA and target DNA induced the product dsDNA to be released from conjugated nanocomposite, accompanied with the self-signal regeneration of nanocomposite ("signal-on"). The self-signal changes served as a powerful tool for direct and freely switchable detection of different target genes, and the synergistic effect of PABSA-rGNO nanocomposite effectively improved the sensitivity for the target DNA detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Yang
- State Key Laboratory Base of Eco-chemical Engineering, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, China
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50
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Yadav SK, Chandra P, Goyal RN, Shim YB. A review on determination of steroids in biological samples exploiting nanobio-electroanalytical methods. Anal Chim Acta 2013; 762:14-24. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2012.11.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2012] [Revised: 11/19/2012] [Accepted: 11/22/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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