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Sidi Boune MV, Ould Elemine B, Lepitre T, Ould Hadou A, Aliyenne A, Boumediana AI, Daïch A, Othman M, Lawson AM. Development of SECheM Concept for Isolation and Chemical Modification of Gossypol Directly from Cienfuegosia digitata. PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS : PCA 2017; 28:410-415. [PMID: 28474346 DOI: 10.1002/pca.2688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2017] [Revised: 03/12/2017] [Accepted: 03/17/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Gossypol is an axially chiral natural polyphenol classically extracted from the Malavaceae family. Nevertheless, its extraction and isolation from a plant can be quite complicated and extremely time-consuming since gossypol is known to be sensitive to degradation under solvents, high temperature and light action. Moreover, its purification over column chromatography is a challenging problem due to its ability to oxidise and the existence of various tautomer forms. OBJECTIVE To develop an efficient "one-step" strategy for simultaneous extraction and semi-synthesis by short-circuiting critical gossypol isolation and purification steps. METHODOLOGY Gossypol was first isolated from Cienfuegosia digitata roots, characterised (by 1D and 2D NMR) and quantified (by UV spectrophotometry). Thus, aniline was selected to test the "one-step" in situ trapping of freshly extracted gossypol leading to a Schiff base analogue. After screening solvents and extraction times on this model reaction, the "SECheM" (simultaneous extraction and chemical modification) concept was successfully extended to other amines, underlining the efficiency and the robustness of the strategy. RESULTS After having shown that gossypol occurred as a major compound in C. digitata roots, different experimental procedures using Soxhlet extraction in the presence of aniline pointed out the best conditions for the SECheM concept (7 h of reaction and extraction time in ether as solvent). Ultimately, the concept has been generalised to 17 other amines. CONCLUSION This is a report of the first semi-synthesis that allows: (1) "in situ" preparation of more stable gossypol Schiff base derivatives directly from ground plant material and (2) circumvention of gossypol extraction and purification problems. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Vall Sidi Boune
- Normandie Université, UNILEHAVRE, URCOM, EA 3221, FR 3038 CNRS, F-76600, Le Havre, France
- Université des Sciences, de Technologies et de Médecine (USTM), UCME, B.P 5026, Nouakchott, Mauritanie
| | - Brahim Ould Elemine
- Université des Sciences, de Technologies et de Médecine (USTM), UCME, B.P 5026, Nouakchott, Mauritanie
| | - Thomas Lepitre
- Normandie Université, UNILEHAVRE, URCOM, EA 3221, FR 3038 CNRS, F-76600, Le Havre, France
| | - Abderrahmane Ould Hadou
- Université des Sciences, de Technologies et de Médecine (USTM), UCME, B.P 5026, Nouakchott, Mauritanie
| | - Ahmed Aliyenne
- Université des Sciences, de Technologies et de Médecine (USTM), UCME, B.P 5026, Nouakchott, Mauritanie
- Département des Sciences Exactes, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Nouakchott, B.P 90 Ksar, Nouakchott, Mauritanie
| | - Ahmed Ismaïl Boumediana
- Département des Sciences Exactes, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Nouakchott, B.P 90 Ksar, Nouakchott, Mauritanie
| | - Adam Daïch
- Normandie Université, UNILEHAVRE, URCOM, EA 3221, FR 3038 CNRS, F-76600, Le Havre, France
| | - Mohamed Othman
- Normandie Université, UNILEHAVRE, URCOM, EA 3221, FR 3038 CNRS, F-76600, Le Havre, France
| | - Ata Martin Lawson
- Normandie Université, UNILEHAVRE, URCOM, EA 3221, FR 3038 CNRS, F-76600, Le Havre, France
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Rivas BL, Sánchez J, Urbano BF. Polymers and nanocomposites: synthesis and metal ion pollutant uptake. POLYM INT 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/pi.5035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Bernabé L Rivas
- Polymer Department, Faculty of Chemistry; University of Concepción; Casilla 160-C Concepción Chile
| | - Julio Sánchez
- Polymer Department, Faculty of Chemistry; University of Concepción; Casilla 160-C Concepción Chile
| | - Bruno F Urbano
- Polymer Department, Faculty of Chemistry; University of Concepción; Casilla 160-C Concepción Chile
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Rahnama R, Abed Z. Application of cold-induced aggregation microextraction as a fast, simple, and organic solvent-free method for the separation and preconcentration of Se(IV) in rice and various water samples. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2014; 186:4209-4216. [PMID: 24590231 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-014-3691-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2013] [Accepted: 02/20/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The developed method is based on cold-induced aggregation microextraction of Se(IV) using the 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate ionic liquid as an extractant followed by spectrophotometry determination. The extraction of Se(IV) was performed in the presence of dithizone as the complexing agent. In this method, a very small amount of 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate was added to the sample solution containing Se-dithizone complex. Then, the solution was kept in a thermostated bath at 50 °C for 4 min. Subsequently, the solution was cooled in an ice bath and a cloudy solution was formed. After centrifuging, the extractant phase was analyzed using a spectrophotometric detection method. Some important parameters that might affect the extraction efficiency were optimized (HCl, 0.6 mol L(-1); dithizone, 4.0 × 10(-6) mol L(-1); ionic liquid, 100 μL). Under the optimum conditions, good linear relationship, sensitivity, and reproducibility were obtained. The limit of detection (LOD) (3Sb/m) was 1.5 μg L(-1), and the relative standard deviation (RSD) was 1.2 % for 30 μg L(-1) of Se(IV). The linear range was obtained in the range of 5-60 μg L(-1). It was satisfactory to analyze rice and various water samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reyhaneh Rahnama
- Department of Chemistry, Payame Noor University, PO box 19395-3697, Tehran, Iran,
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Sobhi HR, Esrafili A, Farahani H, Gholami M, Baneshi MM. Simultaneous derivatization and extraction of nitrophenols in soil and rain samples using modified hollow-fiber liquid-phase microextraction followed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2013; 185:9055-9065. [PMID: 23644691 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-013-3235-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2012] [Accepted: 04/25/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
A simple and sensitive method based on a modified hollow-fiber liquid-phase microextraction followed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry has been successfully developed for the extraction and simultaneous derivatization of some nitrophenols (NPs) in soil and rain samples. Microwave-assisted solvent extraction was used for the extraction of NPs from the soil, while the rain sample was directly applied to the previously mentioned method. Briefly, in this method, the analytes were extracted from aqueous samples into a thin layer of organic solvent (dodecane + 10% tri-n-octylphosphine oxide) sustained in the pores of a porous hollow fiber. Then, they were back-extracted using a small volume of organic acceptor solution (25 μl; 10 mg/L N-methyl-N-(trimethylsilyl)trifluoroacetamide, as derivatization reagent, in acetonitrile) that was located inside the lumen of the hollow fiber. Under the optimized extraction conditions, enrichment factors of 255 to 280 and limits of detection of 0.1 to 0.2 μg/L (S/N = 3) with dynamic linear ranges of 1-100 μg/L were obtained for the analytes. The accuracy of the approach was tested by the relative recovery experiments on spiked samples, with results ranging from 93 to 113%. The method was shown to be rapid, cost-effective, and potentially interesting for screening purposes.
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Freitas LDS, Dariva C, Jacques RA, Caramão EB. Effect of experimental parameters in the pressurized liquid extraction of brazilian grape seed oil. Sep Purif Technol 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2013.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Tayyebi M, Yamini Y, Moradi M. Reverse micelle-mediated dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid and 4-chloro-2-methylphenoxyacetic acid. J Sep Sci 2012; 35:2491-8. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201200150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2012] [Revised: 04/26/2012] [Accepted: 04/26/2012] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Cavalcante RM, Lima DM, Fernandes GM, Duaví WC. Relation factor: A new strategy for quality control in the determination of pesticides in environmental aqueous matrices. Talanta 2012; 93:212-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2012.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2011] [Revised: 02/06/2012] [Accepted: 02/07/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Chemical and Biochemical Applications of MALDI TOF-MS Based on Analyzing the Small Organic Compounds. Top Curr Chem (Cham) 2012; 331:165-92. [DOI: 10.1007/128_2012_364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Wang HY, Chu X, Zhao ZX, He XS, Guo YL. Analysis of low molecular weight compounds by MALDI-FTICR-MS. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2011; 879:1166-79. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2011.03.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2010] [Revised: 03/11/2011] [Accepted: 03/18/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Kashtiaray A, Farahani H, Farhadi S, Rochat B, Sobhi HR. Trace Determination of Tamoxifen in Biological Fluids Using Hollow Fiber Liquid-Phase Microextraction Followed by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography-Ultraviolet Detection. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.4236/ajac.2011.24052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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WANG YY, ZHAO GY, CHANG QY, ZANG XH, WANG C, WANG Z. Developments in Liquid-phase Microextraction Method Based on Solidification of Floating Organic Drop. CHINESE JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/s1872-2040(09)60073-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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O’Neal KL, Zhang H, Yang Y, Hong L, Lu D, Weber SG. Fluorous media for extraction and transport. J Chromatogr A 2010; 1217:2287-95. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2009.11.077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2009] [Revised: 11/22/2009] [Accepted: 11/24/2009] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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Kawaguchi M, Fujii SI, Itoh N, Ito R, Nakazawa H, Takatsu A. Development of vial wall sorptive extraction and its application to determination of progesterone in human serum. J Chromatogr A 2009; 1216:7553-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2009.03.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2009] [Revised: 03/11/2009] [Accepted: 03/17/2009] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Xu L, Lee HK. Sulfonated polyvinyl chloride fibers for cation-exchange microextraction. J Chromatogr A 2009; 1216:6549-53. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2009.07.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2009] [Revised: 07/22/2009] [Accepted: 07/29/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Ričanyová J, Gadzała-Kopciuch R, Reiffová K, Buszewski B. Estrogens and Their Analytics by Hyphenated Separation Techniques. Crit Rev Anal Chem 2009. [DOI: 10.1080/10408340802569506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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ZANG XH, WU QH, ZHANG MY, XI GH, WANG Z. Developments of Dispersive Liquid-Liquid Microextraction Technique. CHINESE JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/s1872-2040(08)60082-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Chen M, Yang T, Wang J. Precipitate coating on cellulose fibre as sorption medium for selenium preconcentration and speciation with hydride generation atomic fluorescence spectrometry. Anal Chim Acta 2008; 631:74-9. [PMID: 19046681 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2008.10.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2008] [Revised: 10/05/2008] [Accepted: 10/09/2008] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Lanthanum hydroxide precipitate is for the first time coated onto cellulose fibre and serves as a novel sorption medium for separation and speciation of inorganic selenium. A micro-column packed with precipitate-layer-coated cellulose fibre is incorporated into a sequential injection system for selenite retention from a neutral aqueous solution, which is afterwards stripped with a NaBH(4)-NaOH solution as eluent. The hydride generation is actuated by merging the eluate and hydrochloric acid downstream, followed by the detection with atomic fluorescence spectrometry. Total inorganic selenium is derived by pre-reduction of selenate and speciation is estimated by difference. The coated precipitate layer can be used for 150 runs for selenium sorption, offering a clear advantage over the conventional precipitation protocols where a large amount of precipitate is dissolved into a small volume of eluent which might interfere with the detection. With a sample volume of 1.0 mL, an enrichment factor of 9.7 and a detection limit of 9 ng L(-1) are obtained in a linear range of 0.05-2.5 microg L(-1). A sampling frequency of 24 h(-1) is achieved along with a R.S.D. of 1.7% at 0.5 microg L(-1) Se(IV). The procedure is validated by analyzing selenium in a reference material GBW 10010 (rice) and a human hair sample. It is further demonstrated by speciation of inorganic selenium in surface water samples by pre-reduction of selenate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingli Chen
- Research Center for Analytical Sciences, Box 332, Northeastern University, Wenhua Road 3-11, Shenyang 110004, China
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Gutstein HB, Morris JS, Annangudi SP, Sweedler JV. Microproteomics: analysis of protein diversity in small samples. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2008; 27:316-30. [PMID: 18271009 PMCID: PMC2743962 DOI: 10.1002/mas.20161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Proteomics, the large-scale study of protein expression in organisms, offers the potential to evaluate global changes in protein expression and their post-translational modifications that take place in response to normal or pathological stimuli. One challenge has been the requirement for substantial amounts of tissue in order to perform comprehensive proteomic characterization. In heterogeneous tissues, such as brain, this has limited the application of proteomic methodologies. Efforts to adapt standard methods of tissue sampling, protein extraction, arraying, and identification are reviewed, with an emphasis on those appropriate to smaller samples ranging in size from several microliters down to single cells. The effects of miniaturization on these analyses are highlighted using neuroscience-related examples, as are statistical issues unique to the high-dimensional datasets generated by proteomic experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Howard B Gutstein
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Texas-MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd., Box 110, Houston, TX 77030-4009, USA.
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Comparison of extraction methods for sampling of low molecular compounds in polymers degraded during recycling. Eur Polym J 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2008.03.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Chen Y, Guo Z, Wang X, Qiu C. Sample preparation. J Chromatogr A 2007; 1184:191-219. [PMID: 17991475 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2007.10.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 252] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2007] [Revised: 10/08/2007] [Accepted: 10/10/2007] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
A panorama of sample preparation methods has been composed from 481 references, with a highlight of some promising methods fast developed during recent years and a somewhat brief introduction on most of the well-developed methods. All the samples were commonly referred to molecular composition, being extendable to particles including cells but not to organs, tissues and larger bodies. Some criteria to evaluate or validate a sample preparation method were proposed for reference. Strategy for integration of several methods to prepare complicated protein samples for proteomic studies was illustrated and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Chen
- Beijing National Laboratory of Molecular Science, Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100080, China.
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Abstract
Proteomics holds the promise of evaluating global changes in protein expression and post-translational modification in response to environmental stimuli. However, difficulties in achieving cellular anatomic resolution and extracting specific types of proteins from cells have limited the efficacy of these techniques. Laser capture microdissection has provided a solution to the problem of anatomical resolution in tissues. New extraction methodologies have expanded the range of proteins identified in subsequent analyses. This review will examine the application of laser capture microdissection to proteomic tissue sampling, and subsequent extraction of these samples for differential expression analysis. Statistical and other quantitative issues important for the analysis of the highly complex datasets generated are also reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Howard B Gutstein
- MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Box 110, Houston, TX 77030-4009, USA.
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Nave F, Cabrita MJ, da Costa CT. Use of solid-supported liquid-liquid extraction in the analysis of polyphenols in wine. J Chromatogr A 2007; 1169:23-30. [PMID: 17900595 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2007.08.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2007] [Revised: 08/09/2007] [Accepted: 08/16/2007] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Solid-supported liquid-liquid extraction (SS-LLE) was compared to liquid-liquid extraction (LLE) for the analysis of phenolic compounds in wine. Diatomaceous earth commercial cartridges were evaluated together with "in-house" made cartridges for the wine phenolic extraction. Statistical treatment, analysis of variance ANOVA-single factor, was used to compare the extraction yields obtained by these methods, and for the majority of the studied compounds, significantly higher yields were obtained by the SS-LLE methodology using the "in-house" prepared cartridges. This is an environmentally friendly low-cost sample preparation method which proved to be reproducible (RSD<5% for the most compounds) and yielding high recoveries (80-100%) for the compounds studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frederico Nave
- Departamento de Química da Universidade de Evora, Rua Romão Ramalho no. 59, 7000-617 Evora, Portugal
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Rodriguez-Mozaz S, Lopez de Alda MJ, Barceló D. Advantages and limitations of on-line solid phase extraction coupled to liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry technologies versus biosensors for monitoring of emerging contaminants in water. J Chromatogr A 2007; 1152:97-115. [PMID: 17275010 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2007.01.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 179] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2006] [Revised: 12/22/2006] [Accepted: 01/12/2007] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
On-line solid phase extraction (SPE) coupled to liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) and biosensors are advanced technologies that have found increasing application in the analysis of environmental contaminants although their application to the determination of emerging contaminants (previously unknown or unrecognized pollutants) has been still limited. This review covers the most recent advances occurred in the areas of on-line SPE-LC-MS and biosensors, discusses and compares the main strengths and limitations of the two approaches, and examines their most relevant applications to the analysis of emerging contaminants in environmental waters. So far, the on-line configuration most frequently used has been SPE coupled to liquid chromatography-(tandem) mass spectrometry. Sorbents used for on-line SPE have included both traditional (alkyl-bonded silicas and polymers) and novel (restricted access materials (RAMs), molecularly imprinted synthetic polymers (MIPs), and immobilized receptors or antibodies (immunosorbents) materials. The biosensor technologies most frequently applied have been based on the use of antibodies and, to a lesser extent, enzymes, bacteria, receptors and DNA as recognition elements, and the use of optical and electrochemical transducing elements. Emerging contaminants investigated by means of these two techniques have included pharmaceuticals, endocrine disrupting compounds such as estrogens, alkylphenols and bisphenol A, pesticides transformation products, disinfection by-products, and bacterial toxins and mycotoxins, among others. Both techniques offer advantageous, and frequently comparable, features such as high sensitivity and selectivity, minimum sample manipulation, and automation. Biosensors are, in addition, relatively cheap and fast, which make them ideally suited for routine testing and screening of samples; however, in most cases, they can not compete yet with on-line SPE procedures in terms of accuracy, reproducibility, reliability (confirmation) of results, and capacity for multi-analyte determination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Rodriguez-Mozaz
- Department of Environmental Chemistry, IIQAB-CSIC, C/Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
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Sanagi MM, See HH, Ibrahim WAW, Naim AA. Determination of pesticides in water by cone-shaped membrane protected liquid phase microextraction prior to micro-liquid chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2007; 1152:215-9. [PMID: 17188283 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2006.11.096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2006] [Revised: 11/16/2006] [Accepted: 11/29/2006] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
A new sample pre-treatment technique termed cone-shaped membrane liquid phase microextraction (CSM-LPME) was developed and combined with micro-liquid chromatography (micro-LC) for the determination of selected pesticides in water samples. Four pesticides (hexaconazole, procymidone, quinalphos and vinclozolin) were considered as target analytes. Several important extraction parameters such as types of extraction solvent, agitation rate, pH value, total exposure time and effect of salt and humic acids were optimized. Enrichment factors of > 50 folds were easily achieved within 20 min of extraction. The analytical data demonstrated relative standard deviations for the reproducibility of the optimized CSM-LPME method ranging from 6.3 to 7.5%. The correlation coefficients of the calibration curves were at least 0.9995 across a concentration range of 2-100 microg/L. The detection limits for all the analytes were found to be in the range of 1.1-1.9 microg/L.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Marsin Sanagi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 Skudai, Johor, Malaysia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Douglas E Raynie
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, South Dakota State University, Brookings, South Dakota 57007, USA
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Fuentes E, Báez ME, Reyes D. Microwave-assisted extraction through an aqueous medium and simultaneous cleanup by partition on hexane for determining pesticides in agricultural soils by gas chromatography: A critical study. Anal Chim Acta 2006; 578:122-30. [PMID: 17723703 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2006.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2006] [Revised: 07/03/2006] [Accepted: 07/04/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
A simple microwave-assisted extraction and partitioning method (MAEP) using water-acetonitrile and n-hexane for desorption and simultaneous partitioning, respectively, together with gas chromatography (GC) was studied to determine representative pesticides (trifluralin, metolachlor, chlorpyriphos and triadimefon) with a broad range of physico-chemical properties in agricultural soils. Three points were considered crucial in this study: instrumental and sample-associated factors affecting extraction of the target compounds were studied through experimental design; the spiking procedure at trace levels was carried out to reproduce the solute-soil sorption taking place in the environment as closely as possible; and results were analyzed taking into account the adsorption behaviour of the compounds on different kinds of soils. The complete analytical procedure proposed consisted of the MAEP of pesticides from 1.0 g of soil with 1 mL of 1:1 water/acetonitrile mixture, and 5 mL of hexane for trapping. The microwave heating program applied was 2 min at 250 W and 10 min at 900 W, and 130 degrees C maximum temperature. After extraction, the hexane layer was evaporated to dryness; the residue was re-dissolved and directly analyzed by gas chromatography electron capture detection (GC-ECD). Clean chromatograms were obtained without any additional cleanup step. Besides the four pesticides used to optimise MAEP, the method was applied to determine an additional group of pesticides (triallate, acetochlor, alachlor, endosulphan I and II, endrin, methoxychlor and tetradifon) in different soils. Most of the compounds studied were recovered in good yields with relative standard deviations (R.S.D.s) below 9% and detection limits ranged from 0.004 to 0.036 microg g(-1). The described method is efficient and fast to determine hydrophobic pesticides at ng g(-1) level in soil with different clay-to-organic matter ratios.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edwar Fuentes
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica y Analítica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Casilla 233, Chile.
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King JW, Hopper ML, Snyder JM. Extraction and Enrichment of Pesticides for Analysis using Binary Supercritical Fluid Mixtures. SEP SCI TECHNOL 2006. [DOI: 10.1080/01496390600600070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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28
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Chen HC, Ding WH. Hot-water and solid-phase extraction of fluorescent whitening agents in paper materials and infant clothes followed by unequivocal determination with ion-pair chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 2006; 1108:202-7. [PMID: 16455094 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2006.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2005] [Revised: 01/04/2006] [Accepted: 01/04/2006] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
A comprehensive method for the determination of four stilbene-type disulfonate and one distyrylbiphenyl-type fluorescent whitening agents (FWAs) in paper materials (napkin and paper tissue) and infant clothes was developed. FWAs were extracted from paper material and cloth samples using a hot-water extraction, and the aqueous extracts were then preconcentrated with the newly developed Oasis WAX (mixed-mode of weak anion exchange and reversed-phase sorbent) solid-phase extraction cartridge. The analytes were unequivocal determined by ion pair chromatography coupled with negative electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-ESI-MS-MS), applying a di-n-hexyl-ammonium acetate (DHAA) as the ion-pairing reagent in mobile phase. Limits of quantitation (LOQ) were established between 0.2 and 0.9 ng/g in 2 g of samples. Recovery of five FWAs in spiked commercial samples was between 42 and 95% and RSD (n = 3) ranging from 2 to 11%. The method was finally applied to commercial samples, showing that two stilbene-type disulfonates were predominant FWAs detected in napkin and infant cloth samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsin-Chang Chen
- Department of Chemistry, National Central University, Chung-Li 32054, Taiwan
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29
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Serrano A, Gallego M. Continuous microwave-assisted extraction coupled on-line with liquid–liquid extraction: Determination of aliphatic hydrocarbons in soil and sediments. J Chromatogr A 2006; 1104:323-30. [PMID: 16376903 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2005.12.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2005] [Accepted: 12/02/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
This paper describes a new extraction method for the determination of aliphatic hydrocarbons (AHs) in soil and sediment samples, using continuous microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) combined with liquid-liquid extraction, for clean-up purposes. Analytical determinations were carried out by gas chromatography coupled with impact ionization mass spectrometry. The influence of the experimental conditions was tested using an agricultural soil spiked with standards (stored at 4 degrees C for 1 month) as reference soil. Maximum extraction efficiencies (80-90%) were achieved using 0.1-1.0g of sample, 60microl of water and 3ml of n-hexane (extractant) and 5min of extraction time; less than 70% of the most volatile hydrocarbons (C(9)-C(12)) were recovered since many evaporated during the drying step of the sample. MAE was compared with a conventional extraction method such as Soxhlet and a good agreement in the results was obtained (average recovery percentage value of 105% by comparing MAE against Soxhlet). Quality parameters such as linear range (0.5-800microg/g), limits of detection (LODs) (0.1-0.2microg/g) and precision (RSD, 4-6%) were determined using spiked soil samples. This method was successfully applied to the analysis of aliphatic hydrocarbons (C(9)-C(27) including pristane and phytane) in contaminated real samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Serrano
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Campus of Rabanales, University of Córdoba, E-14071 Córdoba, Spain
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Chen HC, Wang SP, Ding WH. Determination of fluorescent whitening agents in environmental waters by solid-phase extraction and ion pair liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 2006; 1102:135-42. [PMID: 16288762 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2005.10.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2005] [Revised: 10/06/2005] [Accepted: 10/13/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
A comprehensive method for the trace determination of four stilbene-type disulfonate and one distyrylbiphenyl-type fluorescent whitening agents (FWAs) in environmental water samples was developed and validated. Various solid-phase extraction (SPE) cartridges were investigated. The newly developed Oasis WAX (weak mixed-mode anion exchange and reversed-phase sorbent) SPE cartridge provides the optimal sample extraction results. The analytes were then identified and quantitated by liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-ESI-MS-MS) in negative ionization mode, applying di-n-hexylammonium acetate (DHAA) as the ion-pairing reagent in mobile phase. Limits of quantitation (LOQs) were established between 4 and 18 ng/l in 50 ml of water samples. Intrabatch and interbatch precision with their accuracy at two concentration levels were also investigated. Precision for these five FWAs, as indicated by RSD, proved to be less than 13 and 11%, respectively, for intra- and interbatch. Accuracy, expressed as the mean recovery, was between 68 and 97%. The method was finally applied to environmental water samples, showing the occurrence of five FWAs in both river water and wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) effluent samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsin-Chang Chen
- Department of Chemistry, National Central University, Chung-Li 32054, Taiwan
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31
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Teixeira DM, Patão RF, Coelho AV, da Costa CT. Comparison between sample disruption methods and solid–liquid extraction (SLE) to extract phenolic compounds from Ficus carica leaves. J Chromatogr A 2006; 1103:22-8. [PMID: 16343519 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2005.11.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2005] [Revised: 10/29/2005] [Accepted: 11/03/2005] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Sea sand disruption method (SSDM) and matrix solid phase disruption (MSPD) were compared to solid-liquid extraction (SLE) for extraction of phenolic compounds from the Ficus carica leaves. Statistical treatment, ANOVA-single factor, was used to compare the extraction yields obtained by these methods, and for the majority of the extracted compounds, significantly higher yields were obtained by the solid disruption methods. Both solid disruption methods are faster and ecologically friendly, but the sea sand method was more reproducible (RSD < 5% for most compounds), and was also the least expensive method. Recoveries above 85% were obtained for chlorogenic acid, rutin, and psoralen using the sea sand extraction method.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Martins Teixeira
- Departamento de Química da Universidade de Evora, CLAV Rua Romão Ramalho no 59, 7000-617 Evora, Portugal
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