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Eills J, Hale W, Utz M. Synergies between Hyperpolarized NMR and Microfluidics: A Review. PROGRESS IN NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE SPECTROSCOPY 2022; 128:44-69. [PMID: 35282869 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnmrs.2021.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Revised: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Hyperpolarized nuclear magnetic resonance and lab-on-a-chip microfluidics are two dynamic, but until recently quite distinct, fields of research. Recent developments in both areas increased their synergistic overlap. By microfluidic integration, many complex experimental steps can be brought together onto a single platform. Microfluidic devices are therefore increasingly finding applications in medical diagnostics, forensic analysis, and biomedical research. In particular, they provide novel and powerful ways to culture cells, cell aggregates, and even functional models of entire organs. Nuclear magnetic resonance is a non-invasive, high-resolution spectroscopic technique which allows real-time process monitoring with chemical specificity. It is ideally suited for observing metabolic and other biological and chemical processes in microfluidic systems. However, its intrinsically low sensitivity has limited its application. Recent advances in nuclear hyperpolarization techniques may change this: under special circumstances, it is possible to enhance NMR signals by up to 5 orders of magnitude, which dramatically extends the utility of NMR in the context of microfluidic systems. Hyperpolarization requires complex chemical and/or physical manipulations, which in turn may benefit from microfluidic implementation. In fact, many hyperpolarization methodologies rely on processes that are more efficient at the micro-scale, such as molecular diffusion, penetration of electromagnetic radiation into a sample, or restricted molecular mobility on a surface. In this review we examine the confluence between the fields of hyperpolarization-enhanced NMR and microfluidics, and assess how these areas of research have mutually benefited one another, and will continue to do so.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Eills
- Institute for Physics, Johannes Gutenberg University, D-55090 Mainz, Germany; GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, Helmholtz-Institut Mainz, 55128 Mainz, Germany.
| | - William Hale
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, 32611, USA
| | - Marcel Utz
- School of Chemistry, University of Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK.
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2
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Usha SP, Manoharan H, Deshmukh R, Álvarez-Diduk R, Calucho E, Sai VVR, Merkoçi A. Attomolar analyte sensing techniques (AttoSens): a review on a decade of progress on chemical and biosensing nanoplatforms. Chem Soc Rev 2021; 50:13012-13089. [PMID: 34673860 DOI: 10.1039/d1cs00137j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Detecting the ultra-low abundance of analytes in real-life samples, such as biological fluids, water, soil, and food, requires the design and development of high-performance biosensing modalities. The breakthrough efforts from the scientific community have led to the realization of sensing technologies that measure the analyte's ultra-trace level, with relevant sensitivity, selectivity, response time, and sampling efficiency, referred to as Attomolar Analyte Sensing Techniques (AttoSens) in this review. In an AttoSens platform, 1 aM detection corresponds to the quantification of 60 target analyte molecules in 100 μL of sample volume. Herein, we review the approaches listed for various sensor probe design, and their sensing strategies that paved the way for the detection of attomolar (aM: 10-18 M) concentration of analytes. A summary of the technological advances made by the diverse AttoSens trends from the past decade is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sruthi Prasood Usha
- Biomedical Engineering, Department of Applied Mechanics, Indian Institute of Technology Madras (IITM), India.
| | - Hariharan Manoharan
- Biomedical Engineering, Department of Applied Mechanics, Indian Institute of Technology Madras (IITM), India.
| | - Rehan Deshmukh
- Biomedical Engineering, Department of Applied Mechanics, Indian Institute of Technology Madras (IITM), India.
| | - Ruslan Álvarez-Diduk
- Nanobioelectronics & Biosensors Group, Institut Català de Nanociència i Nanotecnologia (ICN2), Campus UAB, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Enric Calucho
- Nanobioelectronics & Biosensors Group, Institut Català de Nanociència i Nanotecnologia (ICN2), Campus UAB, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - V V R Sai
- Biomedical Engineering, Department of Applied Mechanics, Indian Institute of Technology Madras (IITM), India.
| | - Arben Merkoçi
- Nanobioelectronics & Biosensors Group, Institut Català de Nanociència i Nanotecnologia (ICN2), Campus UAB, Barcelona, Spain. .,ICREA, Institució Catalana de Recercai Estudis Avançats, Barcelona, Spain
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3
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Applications of fiber-optic biochemical sensor in microfluidic chips: A review. Biosens Bioelectron 2020; 166:112447. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2020.112447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Revised: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 07/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Hong L, Li H, Yang H, Sengupta K. Nano-plasmonics and electronics co-integration in CMOS enabling a pill-sized multiplexed fluorescence microarray system. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2018; 9:5735-5758. [PMID: 30460159 PMCID: PMC6238921 DOI: 10.1364/boe.9.005735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2018] [Revised: 09/11/2018] [Accepted: 09/12/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The ultra-miniaturization of massively multiplexed fluorescence-based bio-molecular sensing systems for proteins and nucleic acids into a chip-scale form, small enough to fit inside a pill (∼ 0.1cm3), can revolutionize sensing modalities in-vitro and in-vivo. Prior miniaturization techniques have been limited to focusing on traditional optical components (multiple filter sets, lenses, photo-detectors, etc.) arranged in new packaging systems. Here, we report a method that eliminates all external optics and miniaturizes an entire multiplexed fluorescence system into a 2 × 1 mm2 chip through co-integration for the first time of massively scalable nano-plasmonic multi-functional optical elements and electronic processing circuitry realized in an industry standard complementary-metal-oxide semiconductor (CMOS) foundry process with absolutely 'no change' in fabrication or processing. The implemented nano-waveguide based filters operating in the visible and near-IR realized with the embedded sub-wavelength multi-layer copper-based electronic interconnects inside the chip show for the first time a sub-wavelength surface plasmon polariton mode inside CMOS. This is the principle behind the angle-insensitive nature of the filtering that operates in the presence of uncollimated and scattering environments, enabling the first optics-free 96-sensor CMOS fluorescence sensing system. The chip demonstrates the surface sensitivity of zeptomoles of quantum dot-based labels, and volume sensitivities of ∼ 100 fM for nucleic acids and ∼ 5 pM for proteins that are comparable to, if not better, than commercial fluorescence readers. The ability to integrate multi-functional nano-optical structures in a commercial CMOS process, along with all the complex electronics, can have a transformative impact and enable a new class of miniaturized and scalable chip-sized optical sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingyu Hong
- Department of Electrical Engineering. Princeton University, NJ 08544, USA
| | - Hao Li
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, NJ 08544, USA
| | - Haw Yang
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, NJ 08544, USA
| | - Kaushik Sengupta
- Department of Electrical Engineering. Princeton University, NJ 08544, USA
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5
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Abstract
This critical review summarizes the developments in the integration of micro-optical elements with microfluidic platforms for facilitating detection and automation of bio-analytical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Yang
- Institute of Biomedical and Health Engineering
- Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology
- Chinese Academy of Science
- 518055 Shenzhen
- China
| | - Martin A. M. Gijs
- Laboratory of Microsystems
- Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne
- 1015 Lausanne
- Switzerland
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6
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Mohamad F, Tanner MG, Choudhury D, Choudhary TR, Wood HAC, Harrington K, Bradley M. Controlled core-to-core photo-polymerisation – fabrication of an optical fibre-based pH sensor. Analyst 2017; 142:3569-3572. [DOI: 10.1039/c7an00454k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The fabrication of fluorescence-based pH sensors, embedded into etched pits of an optical fibre via highly controllable and spatially selective photo-polymerisation is described and the sensors validated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuad Mohamad
- School of Chemistry
- University of Edinburgh
- Edinburgh
- UK
- EPSRC IRC Hub
| | - Michael G. Tanner
- EPSRC IRC Hub
- MRC Centre for Inflammation Research
- Queen's Medical Research Institute
- University of Edinburgh
- Edinburgh, EH16 4TJ
| | - Debaditya Choudhury
- EPSRC IRC Hub
- MRC Centre for Inflammation Research
- Queen's Medical Research Institute
- University of Edinburgh
- Edinburgh, EH16 4TJ
| | - Tushar R. Choudhary
- EPSRC IRC Hub
- MRC Centre for Inflammation Research
- Queen's Medical Research Institute
- University of Edinburgh
- Edinburgh, EH16 4TJ
| | | | | | - Mark Bradley
- School of Chemistry
- University of Edinburgh
- Edinburgh
- UK
- EPSRC IRC Hub
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Kaniewska K, Kowalczyk A, Karbarz M, Nowicka AM. Changes in the volume phase transition temperature of hydrogels for detection of the DNA hybridization process. Analyst 2016; 141:5815-5821. [PMID: 27508280 DOI: 10.1039/c6an00523c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
A simple biosensing platform which involves the application of thermoresponsive hydrogels (p(NIPA-co-AA)) for detection of target DNA sequences is presented. For this aim the hydrogel based on N-isopropylacrylamide grafted with carboxyl groups was modified with H2N-ssDNA via the amide bond. The detection of target DNA sequences was achieved successfully by monitoring the volume phase transition temperature (VPTT). It was found that the dependence between the VPTT and the concentration of the target complementary DNA is linear in the concentration range from 10-12 to 10-6 M. The proposed DNA detection method is characterized by high sensitivity and good reproducibility. The detection limit obtained (∼1 pM) is a substantial improvement over DNA biosensor labelling with tags, because the detection is based on a physical parameter (VPTT). Circular dichroism (CD) and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry with laser ablation (LA-ICP-MS) proved that the hybridization process took place in the hydrogel matrix without any restrictions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klaudia Kaniewska
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, ul. Pasteura 1, PL-02-093 Warsaw, Poland.
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Fitzgerald JE, Fenniri H. Biomimetic Cross-Reactive Sensor Arrays: Prospects in Biodiagnostics. RSC Adv 2016; 6:80468-80484. [PMID: 28217300 PMCID: PMC5312755 DOI: 10.1039/c6ra16403j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Biomimetic cross-reactive sensor arrays have been used to detect and analyze a wide variety of vapour and liquid components in applications such as food science, public health and safety, and diagnostics. As technology has advanced over the past three decades, these systems have become selective, sensitive, and affordable. Currently, the need for non-invasive and accurate devices for early disease diagnosis remains a challenge. This review provides an overview of the various types of Biomimetic cross-reactive sensor arrays (also referred to as electronic noses and tongues in the literature), their current use and future directions, and an outlook for future technological development.
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Affiliation(s)
- J E Fitzgerald
- Northeastern University, Department of Chemical Engineering, 313 Snell Engineering Center, 360 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA 02115-5000, USA
| | - H Fenniri
- Northeastern University, Department of Chemical Engineering, 313 Snell Engineering Center, 360 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA 02115-5000, USA
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9
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Cui H, Song W, Cao Z, Lu J. Simultaneous and sensitive detection of dual DNA targets via quantum dot-assembled amplification labels. LUMINESCENCE 2015; 31:281-7. [PMID: 26081829 DOI: 10.1002/bio.2959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2015] [Revised: 05/13/2015] [Accepted: 05/14/2015] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
We describe a signal amplification assay for the simultaneous detection of HIV-1 and HIV-2 via a quantum dot (QD) layer-by-layer assembled polystyrene microsphere (PS) composite in a homogeneous format. The crucial point of this composite is the core-shell system. PS is utilized as the core and QDs as the shell. Based on the high affinity of streptavidin and biotin, QDs are assembled layer-by-layer on the surface of the PS as amplification labels. Biotinylated reporter probe is combined with the PS-QDs conjugate and then hybridized with target DNA immobilized on the surface of a 96-well plate. Using this approach, each target DNA corresponds to a large number of QDs and the fluorescence signal is greatly enhanced. Two QD colors (605 and 655 nm) are used to detect dual-target DNAs simultaneously. Taking advantage of the enzyme-free reaction and high sensitivity, this PS-QD-based sensor can be used in simple 'mix and detection' assays. Our results show that this technology has potential application in rapid point-of-care testing, gene expression studies, high-throughput screening and clinical diagnostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyan Cui
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education & PLA, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenqing Song
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education & PLA, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhijuan Cao
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education & PLA, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianzhong Lu
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education & PLA, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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10
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Gelfand RM, Wheaton S, Gordon R. Cleaved fiber optic double nanohole optical tweezers for trapping nanoparticles. OPTICS LETTERS 2014; 39:6415-6417. [PMID: 25490482 DOI: 10.1364/ol.39.006415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate the trapping of single 20 and 40 nm polystyrene spheres at the cleaved end of a fiber optic with a double nanohole aperture in gold and without any microscope optics. An optical transmission increase of 15% indicates a trapping event for the 40 nm particle, and the jump is 2% for the 20 nm particle. This modular technique can be used to replace those used with current optical trapping setups that require complicated free space optics and frequent calibration, with one that is modular and requires no free space optics. This simple arrangement with the potential for fiber translation is of interest for future biosensor and optical nano-pipette devices.
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11
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Electrophoretic and field-effect graphene for all-electrical DNA array technology. Nat Commun 2014; 5:4866. [PMID: 25189574 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms5866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2014] [Accepted: 07/31/2014] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Field-effect transistor biomolecular sensors based on low-dimensional nanomaterials boast sensitivity, label-free operation and chip-scale construction. Chemical vapour deposition graphene is especially well suited for multiplexed electronic DNA array applications, since its large two-dimensional morphology readily lends itself to top-down fabrication of transistor arrays. Nonetheless, graphene field-effect transistor DNA sensors have been studied mainly at single-device level. Here we create, from chemical vapour deposition graphene, field-effect transistor arrays with two features representing steps towards multiplexed DNA arrays. First, a robust array yield--seven out of eight transistors--is achieved with a 100-fM sensitivity, on par with optical DNA microarrays and at least 10 times higher than prior chemical vapour deposition graphene transistor DNA sensors. Second, each graphene acts as an electrophoretic electrode for site-specific probe DNA immobilization, and performs subsequent site-specific detection of target DNA as a field-effect transistor. The use of graphene as both electrode and transistor suggests a path towards all-electrical multiplexed graphene DNA arrays.
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12
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Bai L, Xie Z, Cao K, Zhao Y, Xu H, Zhu C, Mu Z, Zhong Q, Gu Z. Hybrid mesoporous colloid photonic crystal array for high performance vapor sensing. NANOSCALE 2014; 6:5680-5685. [PMID: 24769556 DOI: 10.1039/c4nr00361f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
A hybrid mesoporous photonic crystal vapor sensing chip was developed by introducing fluorescent dyes into mesoporous colloidal crystals. The sensing chip was capable of discriminating various kinds of vapors, as well as their concentrations, according to their fluorescence and reflective responses to vapor analytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China.
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13
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Wang Y, Chang TC, Stoddart PR, Chang HC. Diffraction-limited ultrasensitive molecular nano-arrays with singular nano-cone scattering. BIOMICROFLUIDICS 2014; 8:021101. [PMID: 24738011 PMCID: PMC3971819 DOI: 10.1063/1.4869694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2014] [Accepted: 03/15/2014] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Large-library fluorescent molecular arrays remain limited in sensitivity (1 × 10(6) molecules) and dynamic range due to background auto-fluorescence and scattering noise within a large (20-100 μm) fluorescent spot. We report an easily fabricated silica nano-cone array platform, with a detection limit of 100 molecules and a dynamic range that spans 6 decades, due to point (10 nm to 1 μm) illumination of preferentially absorbed tagged targets by singular scattering off wedged cones. Its fluorescent spot reaches diffraction-limited submicron dimensions, which are 10(4) times smaller in area than conventional microarrays, with comparable reduction in detection limit and amplification of dynamic range.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunshan Wang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, USA
| | - Ting-Chou Chang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, USA
| | - Paul R Stoddart
- Faculty of Science, Engineering and Technology, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, VIC 3122, Australia
| | - Hsueh-Chia Chang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, USA
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14
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Yildirim A, Ozturk FE, Bayindir M. Smelling in chemically complex environments: an optofluidic Bragg fiber array for differentiation of methanol adulterated beverages. Anal Chem 2013; 85:6384-91. [PMID: 23751105 DOI: 10.1021/ac4008013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
A novel optoelectronic nose for analysis of alcohols (ethanol and methanol) in chemically complex environments is reported. The cross-responsive sensing unit of the optoelectronic nose is an array of three distinct hollow-core infrared transmitting photonic band gap fibers, which transmit a specific band of IR light depending on their Bragg mirror structures. The presence of alcohol molecules in the optofluidic core quenches the fiber transmissions if there is an absorption band of the analyte overlapping with the transmission band of the fiber; otherwise they remain unchanged. The cumulative response data of the fiber array enables rapid, reversible, and accurate discrimination of alcohols in chemically complex backgrounds such as beer and fruit juice. In addition, we observed that humidity of the environment has no effect on the response matrix of the optoelectronic nose, which is rarely achieved in gas-sensing applications. Consequently, it can be reliably used in virtually any environment without precalibration for humidity or drying the analytes. Besides the discussed application in counterfeit alcoholic beverages, with its superior sensor parameters, this novel concept proves to be a promising contender for many other applications including food quality control, environmental monitoring, and breath analysis for disease diagnostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adem Yildirim
- UNAM-National Nanotechnology Research Center and Institute of Materials Science and Nanotechnology, Bilkent University, 06800 Ankara, Turkey
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15
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Zhu J, Palla M, Ronca S, Warpner R, Ju J, Lin Q. A MEMS-Based Approach to Single Nucleotide Polymorphism Genotyping. SENSORS AND ACTUATORS. A, PHYSICAL 2013; 195:175-182. [PMID: 24729659 PMCID: PMC3979494 DOI: 10.1016/j.sna.2012.07.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Genotyping of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) allows diagnosis of human genetic disorders associated with single base mutations. Conventional SNP genotyping methods are capable of providing either accurate or high-throughput detection, but are still labor-, time-, and resource-intensive. Microfluidics has been applied to SNP detection to provide fast, low-cost, and automated alternatives, although these applications are still limited by either accuracy or throughput issues. To address this challenge, we present a MEMS-based SNP genotyping approach that uses solid-phase-based reactions in a single microchamber on a temperature control chip. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR), allele specific single base extension (SBE), and desalting on microbeads are performed in the microchamber, which is coupled with matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) to analyze the SBE product. Experimental results from genotyping of the SNP on exon 1 of the HBB gene, which causes sickle cell anemia, demonstrate the potential of the device for rapid, accurate, multiplexed and high-throughput detection of SNPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Columbia University,
New York, NY, USA
| | - Mirkó Palla
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Columbia University,
New York, NY, USA
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Columbia University,
New York, NY, USA
| | - Stefano Ronca
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Columbia University,
New York, NY, USA
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering,
University of Brescia, Brescia, BS, Italy
| | - Ronald Warpner
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Columbia
University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jingyue Ju
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Columbia University,
New York, NY, USA
| | - Qiao Lin
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Columbia University,
New York, NY, USA
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Bonifacio LD, Ozin GA, Arsenault AC. Photonic nose-sensor platform for water and food quality control. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2011; 7:3153-3157. [PMID: 21916009 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201101074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2011] [Revised: 07/26/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo D Bonifacio
- Chemistry Department, University of Toronto, 80 St George Street, Suite 326, Toronto, ON, M5S 3H6, Canada
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17
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Hart RW, Mauk MG, Liu C, Qiu X, Thompson JA, Chen D, Malamud D, Abrams WR, Bau HH. Point-of-care oral-based diagnostics. Oral Dis 2011; 17:745-52. [PMID: 21521419 PMCID: PMC4273652 DOI: 10.1111/j.1601-0825.2011.01808.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Many of the target molecules that reside in blood are also present in oral fluids, albeit at lower concentrations. Oral fluids are, however, relatively easy and safe to collect without the need for specialized equipment and training. Thus, oral fluids provide convenient samples for medical diagnostics. Recent advances in lab-on-a-chip technologies have made minute, fully integrated diagnostic systems practical for an assortment of point-of-care tests. Such systems can perform either immunoassays or molecular diagnostics outside centralized laboratories within time periods ranging from minutes to an hour. The article briefly reviews recent advances in devices for point-of-care testing with a focus on work that has been carried out by the authors as part of a NIH program.
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Affiliation(s)
- R W Hart
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Applied Mechanics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6315, USA
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18
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Abstract
In recent years, there has been a growing interest in using porous microbeads such as agarose beads as solid supports to bind target molecules from complex fluid samples. Porous beads have large surface area to volume ratios and high receptor concentrations, and they facilitate relatively high sensitivity detection and multiplexing. Unfortunately, to take full advantage of the porous beads' attributes, long incubation times are needed due to the relatively slow mass transfer of target molecules from the exterior solution into the beads' interior. To accelerate the mass transfer process, we propose a novel assay in which functionalized porous beads are periodically compressed and expanded. Preliminary experiments were carried out to compare the performance of the pulsating beads with that of conventional, nonpulsating beads. These experiments indicate that the pulsating beads significantly accelerate binding rates with minimal increase in nonspecific binding. Thus, pulsing has the potential of significantly reducing assay time.
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Yildirim A, Vural M, Yaman M, Bayindir M. Bioinspired optoelectronic nose with nanostructured wavelength-scalable hollow-core infrared fibers. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2011; 23:1263-1267. [PMID: 21381127 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201004052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2010] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Adem Yildirim
- UNAM-Institute of Materials Science and Nanotechnology, Bilkent University, Ankara, Turkey
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20
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Guan H, Cai M, Chen L, Wang Y, He Z. Label-free DNA sensor based on fluorescent cationic polythiophene for the sensitive detection of hepatitis B virus oligonucleotides. LUMINESCENCE 2011; 25:311-6. [PMID: 19630090 DOI: 10.1002/bio.1151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Water-soluble fluorescent conjugated polymers can be used as an optical platform in highly sensitive DNA sensors. Here we report a simple label-free DNA sensor using poly(3-alkoxy-4-methylthiophene) to recognize and detect different oligonucleotide targets related to the YMDD gene mutation of hepatitis B virus. The concentration of surfactant Triton X-100, NaCl, the oligonucleotide capture probe and the oligonucleotide hybridization conditions have a great impact on fluorescence intensity. Under the optimum conditions, two types of oligonucleotide targets involving YMDD gene mutation of hepatitis B virus were successfully recognized. Moreover, there was a linear relationship between fluorescence intensity and the concentration of oligonucleotide target. The detection limit of the wild-type hepatitis B virus target is 88 pmol L(-1).
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongliang Guan
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine (Ministry of Education), College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, People's Republic of China
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Acero Sanchez JL, Henry OYF, Mairal T, Laddach N, Nygren A, Hauch S, Fetisch J, O’Sullivan CK. Colorimetric quantification of mRNA expression in rare tumour cells amplified by multiple ligation-dependent probe amplification. Anal Bioanal Chem 2010; 397:2325-34. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-010-3830-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2010] [Revised: 04/27/2010] [Accepted: 05/04/2010] [Indexed: 08/30/2023]
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22
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Lien KY, Lee GB. Miniaturization of molecular biological techniques for gene assay. Analyst 2010; 135:1499-518. [PMID: 20390199 DOI: 10.1039/c000037j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The rapid diagnosis of various diseases is a critical advantage of many emerging biomedical tools. Due to advances in preventive medicine, tools for the accurate analysis of genetic mutation and associated hereditary diseases have attracted significant interests in recent years. The entire diagnostic process usually involves two critical steps, namely, sample pre-treatment and genetic analysis. The sample pre-treatment processes such as extraction and purification of the target nucleic acids prior to genetic analysis are essential in molecular diagnostics. The genetic analysis process may require specialized apparatus for nucleic acid amplification, sequencing and detection. Traditionally, pre-treatment of clinical biological samples (e.g. the extraction of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) or ribonucleic acid (RNA)) and the analysis of genetic polymorphisms associated with genetic diseases are typically a lengthy and costly process. These labor-intensive and time-consuming processes usually result in a high-cost per diagnosis and hinder their practical applications. Besides, the accuracy of the diagnosis may be affected owing to potential contamination from manual processing. Alternatively, due to significant advances in micro-electro-mechanical-systems (MEMS) and microfluidic technology, there are numerous miniature systems employed in biomedical applications, especially for the rapid diagnosis of genetic diseases. A number of advantages including automation, compactness, disposability, portability, lower cost, shorter diagnosis time, lower sample and reagent consumption, and lower power consumption can be realized by using these microfluidic-based platforms. As a result, microfluidic-based systems are becoming promising platforms for genetic analysis, molecular biology and for the rapid detection of genetic diseases. In this review paper, microfluidic-based platforms capable of identifying genetic sequences and diagnosis of genetic mutations are surveyed and reviewed. Some critical issues with the use of microfluidic-based systems for diagnosis of genetic diseases are also highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kang-Yi Lien
- Institute of Nanotechnology and Microsystems Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 701, Taiwan
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Bonifacio LD, Puzzo DP, Breslav S, Willey BM, McGeer A, Ozin GA. Towards the photonic nose: a novel platform for molecule and bacteria identification. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2010; 22:1351-1354. [PMID: 20437480 DOI: 10.1002/adma.200902763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo D Bonifacio
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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24
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Lidman C, Norden L, Kåberg M, Käll K, Franck J, Aleman S, Birk M. Hepatitis C infection among injection drug users in Stockholm Sweden: prevalence and gender. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010; 41:679-84. [PMID: 19521924 DOI: 10.1080/00365540903062143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is widespread among injection drug users. Young women seem to be at higher risk of acquiring HCV. To optimize future intervention and prevention measures, we studied the epidemiology of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), hepatitis B (HBV), and HCV infection among men and women. Inclusion criteria for this cross-sectional multicentre study were: history of ever injecting drugs, age > 18 y, and no previous HIV diagnosis. In 310 participants, plasma/serum samples were analysed for HBV, HIV and HCV (anti-HCV, HCV-RNA, and HCV genotype). HCV antibodies were noted in 268 (86.5%) participants, of whom 207 (77.0%) also had detectable HCV-RNA. Genotypes 1 and 3 dominated, at 35.9% and 33.0%, respectively. Women acquired HCV (but not HBV) to a significantly higher degree (RR 2.97, 95% confidence interval 1.11-7.93) during the first y of injecting drugs. They also recovered spontaneously from HCV infection more frequently (RR 2.49, 95% CI 1.28-4.53). The HCV prevalence of about 50% within 2 y after initiation of injection drug use underlines the need for early intervention efforts. Possible causes for higher HCV prevalence and the implications of favourable spontaneous recovery rates among women should be considered when designing intervention and prevention measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christer Lidman
- Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden.
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25
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Zhang S, Wu ZS, Qiu L, Zhou H, Shen G, Yu R. G-quadruplex signaling probe for highly sensitive DNA detection. Chem Commun (Camb) 2010; 46:3381-3. [PMID: 20442907 DOI: 10.1039/b926646a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Ferrocene-conjugated oligonucleotides that can form intermolecular guanine (G)-quadruplexes are prepared and used as signaling probes for detecting target DNA, improving substantially assay characteristics (e.g. a considerably wider linear dynamic range and lower detection limit).
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Affiliation(s)
- Songbai Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, PR China
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Thompson JA, Bau HH. Microfluidic, bead-based assay: Theory and experiments. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2010; 878:228-36. [PMID: 19766545 PMCID: PMC2818129 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2009.08.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2009] [Revised: 08/28/2009] [Accepted: 08/31/2009] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Microbeads are frequently used as a solid support for biomolecules such as proteins and nucleic acids in heterogeneous microfluidic assays. However, relatively few studies investigate the binding kinetics on modified bead surfaces in a microfluidics context. In this study, a customized hot embossing technique is used to stamp microwells in a thin plastic substrate where streptavidin-coated agarose beads are selectively placed and subsequently immobilized within a conduit. Biotinylated quantum dots are used as a label to monitor target analyte binding to the bead's surface. Three-dimensional finite element simulations are carried out to model the binding kinetics on the bead's surface. The model accounts for surface exclusion effects resulting from a single quantum dot occluding multiple receptor sites. The theoretical predictions are compared and favorably agree with experimental observations. The theoretical simulations provide a useful tool to predict how varying parameters affect microbead reaction kinetics and sensor performance. This study enhances our understanding of bead-based microfluidic assays and provides a design tool for developers of point-of-care, lab-on-chip devices for medical diagnosis, food and water quality inspection, and environmental monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason A. Thompson
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Applied Mechanics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Haim H. Bau
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Applied Mechanics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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27
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Cai S, Xin L, Lau C, Lu J. Highly sensitive non-stripping gold nanoparticles-based chemiluminescent detection of DNA hybridization coupled to magnetic beads. Analyst 2010; 135:615-20. [DOI: 10.1039/b927359j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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28
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Deiss F, Sojic N, White DJ, Stoddart PR. Nanostructured optical fibre arrays for high-density biochemical sensing and remote imaging. Anal Bioanal Chem 2009; 396:53-71. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-009-3211-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2009] [Revised: 09/27/2009] [Accepted: 10/04/2009] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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29
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Xin L, Cao Z, Lau C, Kai M, Lu J. G-rich sequence-functionalized polystyrene microsphere-based instantaneous derivatization for the chemiluminescent amplified detection of DNA. LUMINESCENCE 2009; 25:336-42. [DOI: 10.1002/bio.1159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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30
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Electrochemical detection of DNA hybridization based on bio-bar code method. Biosens Bioelectron 2009; 24:3140-3. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2009.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2008] [Revised: 02/21/2009] [Accepted: 03/11/2009] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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31
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Li J, Cheng J, Zhang Y, Gopalakrishnakone P. Influence of vacuum on the formation of porous polymer films via water droplets templating. Colloid Polym Sci 2008. [DOI: 10.1007/s00396-008-1954-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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32
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Derveaux S, Stubbe BG, Braeckmans K, Roelant C, Sato K, Demeester J, De Smedt SC. Synergism between particle-based multiplexing and microfluidics technologies may bring diagnostics closer to the patient. Anal Bioanal Chem 2008; 391:2453-67. [PMID: 18458889 PMCID: PMC2516543 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-008-2062-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2007] [Revised: 02/04/2008] [Accepted: 03/06/2008] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
In the field of medical diagnostics there is a growing need for inexpensive, accurate, and quick high-throughput assays. On the one hand, recent progress in microfluidics technologies is expected to strongly support the development of miniaturized analytical devices, which will speed up (bio)analytical assays. On the other hand, a higher throughput can be obtained by the simultaneous screening of one sample for multiple targets (multiplexing) by means of encoded particle-based assays. Multiplexing at the macro level is now common in research labs and is expected to become part of clinical diagnostics. This review aims to debate on the “added value” we can expect from (bio)analysis with particles in microfluidic devices. Technologies to (a) decode, (b) analyze, and (c) manipulate the particles are described. Special emphasis is placed on the challenges of integrating currently existing detection platforms for encoded microparticles into microdevices and on promising microtechnologies that could be used to down-scale the detection units in order to obtain compact miniaturized particle-based multiplexing platforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Derveaux
- Laboratory of General Biochemistry and Physical Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutics, Ghent University, Harelbekestraat 72, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
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33
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Chung YC, Lin YC, Chueh CD, Ye CY, Lai LW, Zhao Q. Microfluidic chip of fast DNA hybridization using denaturing and motion of nucleic acids. Electrophoresis 2008; 29:1859-65. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.200700481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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34
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Miao J, Cao Z, Zhou Y, Lau C, Lu J. Instantaneous Derivatization Technology for Simultaneous and Homogeneous Determination of Multiple DNA Targets. Anal Chem 2008; 80:1606-13. [DOI: 10.1021/ac7022553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Juru Miao
- School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, 138 Yixueyuan Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Zhijuan Cao
- School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, 138 Yixueyuan Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yang Zhou
- School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, 138 Yixueyuan Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Choiwan Lau
- School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, 138 Yixueyuan Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Jianzhong Lu
- School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, 138 Yixueyuan Road, Shanghai 200032, China
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35
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36
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37
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Li H, Lau C, Lu J. Carrier-resolved technology for homogeneous and multiplexed DNA assays in a ‘one-pot reaction’. Analyst 2008; 133:1229-36. [DOI: 10.1039/b804096f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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39
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Affiliation(s)
- Audrey Sassolas
- Laboratoire de Génie Enzymatique et Biomoléculaire, Institut de Chimie et Biochimie Moléculaires et Supramoléculaires, 43 Boulevard du 11 Novembre 1918, Villeurbanne F-69622, France, UMR5246, Centre National de La Recherche Scientifque, Villeurbanne F-69622, France, Université de Lyon, Lyon F-69622, France, Université Lyon 1, Lyon F-69622, France, Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon, École d'Ingénieurs, Villeurbanne F-69621, France, and École Supérieure Chimie Physique Électronique de Lyon,
| | - Béatrice D. Leca-Bouvier
- Laboratoire de Génie Enzymatique et Biomoléculaire, Institut de Chimie et Biochimie Moléculaires et Supramoléculaires, 43 Boulevard du 11 Novembre 1918, Villeurbanne F-69622, France, UMR5246, Centre National de La Recherche Scientifque, Villeurbanne F-69622, France, Université de Lyon, Lyon F-69622, France, Université Lyon 1, Lyon F-69622, France, Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon, École d'Ingénieurs, Villeurbanne F-69621, France, and École Supérieure Chimie Physique Électronique de Lyon,
| | - Loïc J. Blum
- Laboratoire de Génie Enzymatique et Biomoléculaire, Institut de Chimie et Biochimie Moléculaires et Supramoléculaires, 43 Boulevard du 11 Novembre 1918, Villeurbanne F-69622, France, UMR5246, Centre National de La Recherche Scientifque, Villeurbanne F-69622, France, Université de Lyon, Lyon F-69622, France, Université Lyon 1, Lyon F-69622, France, Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon, École d'Ingénieurs, Villeurbanne F-69621, France, and École Supérieure Chimie Physique Électronique de Lyon,
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40
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Roman GT, Kennedy RT. Fully integrated microfluidic separations systems for biochemical analysis. J Chromatogr A 2007; 1168:170-88; discussion 169. [PMID: 17659293 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2007.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2007] [Accepted: 06/05/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Over the past decade a tremendous amount of research has been performed using microfluidic analytical devices to detect over 200 different chemical species. Most of this work has involved substantial integration of fluid manipulation components such as separation channels, valves, and filters. This level of integration has enabled complex sample processing on miniscule sample volumes. Such devices have also demonstrated high throughput, sensitivity, and separation performance. Although the miniaturization of fluidics has been highly valuable, these devices typically rely on conventional ancillary equipment such as power supplies, detection systems, and pumps for operation. This auxiliary equipment prevents the full realization of a "lab-on-a-chip" device with complete portability, autonomous operation, and low cost. Integration and/or miniaturization of ancillary components would dramatically increase the capability and impact of microfluidic separations systems. This review describes recent efforts to incorporate auxiliary equipment either as miniaturized plug-in modules or directly fabricated into the microfluidic device.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory T Roman
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1055, USA
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42
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Mayr T, Moser C, Klimant I. Luminescence decay time encoding of magnetic micro spheres for multiplexed analysis. Anal Chim Acta 2007; 597:137-44. [PMID: 17658323 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2007.06.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2007] [Revised: 06/11/2007] [Accepted: 06/15/2007] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Magnetic microspheres are optically encoded by doping with three luminescent dyes. The combination of a fluorophore with a nanosecond decay profile and two phosphorescent Ruthenium metal ligand complexes with a microsecond decay profile generates a characteristic signature described by three features: bead brightness, luminescent decay time and dual lifetime referencing (DLR). The beads are identified by time resolved imaging in the microsecond range. A series of fluorophores is tested and the interference of the resulting luminescent code in the red and green label detection channels is investigated. A detailed staining procedure is worked out to increase the staining efficiency of the dyes with hydrophilic character into the lipophilic polystyrene microspheres. A mathematical model is established to calculate the dye amounts that are needed for staining a bead family with a specific feature set. Nineteen bead families were prepared representing the grid points in the three planes of a cube referring to the three features. The coefficient of variation over all bead families is 7%, 1.4% and 1.6% for bead brightness, luminescence decay time and DLR, respectively. The combination of these features and the bead size as additional feature enables the creation of 840 distinguishable bead families.
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Affiliation(s)
- Torsten Mayr
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry and Radiochemistry, Graz University of Technology, Technikerstr. 4, 8010 Graz, Austria.
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43
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Shepard JRE. Polychromatic microarrays: simultaneous multicolor array hybridization of eight samples. Anal Chem 2007; 78:2478-86. [PMID: 16615753 DOI: 10.1021/ac060011w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
High-throughput microscale platforms have transformed modern analytical investigations. Traditional microarray analyses involve a comparative approach, with two samples, a known control and an unknown sample, hybridized side-by-side and then contrasted for genetic differences. The samples are labeled with separate dyes and hybridized together, providing a differential expression pattern based on the reporter intensities. In contrast, the fiber-optic microarray platform described herein is analyzed with a microscope, thereby enabling the use of virtually any reporter, including quantum dots. The instrumentation takes advantage of the narrow emission bands characteristic of quantum dots to perform multiplexed detection of Bacillus anthracis. Advancing beyond the standard red/green microarray experiment, a panel of eight reporters were linked to eight B. anthracis samples and simultaneously analyzed in a microarray format. The ability to employ an assortment of reporters, along with the capacity to simultaneously hybridize eight samples confers an unprecedented flexibility to array-based analyses, providing a 4-fold increase in throughput over standard two-color assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason R E Shepard
- Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Albany, New York 12208, USA.
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44
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Walt DR, Blicharz TM, Hayman RB, Rissin DM, Bowden M, Siqueira WL, Helmerhorst EJ, Grand-Pierre N, Oppenheim FG, Bhatia JS, Little FF, Brody JS. Microsensor arrays for saliva diagnostics. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2007; 1098:389-400. [PMID: 17435144 PMCID: PMC7168095 DOI: 10.1196/annals.1384.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Optical fiber microarrays have been used to screen saliva from patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) to ascertain the efficacy of dialysis. We have successfully identified markers in saliva that correlate with kidney disease. Standard assay chemistries for these markers have been converted to disposable test strips such that patients may one day be able to monitor their clinical status at home. Details of these developments are described. In addition, saliva from asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients is being screened for useful diagnostic markers. Our goal is to develop a multiplexed assay for these protein and nucleic acid biomarkers for diagnosing the cause and severity of pulmonary exacerbations, enabling more effective treatment to be administered. These results are reported in the second part of this article.
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Affiliation(s)
- David R Walt
- Department of Chemistry, Tufts University, 62 Talbot Avenue, Medford, MA 02155, USA.
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45
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Chan A, Krull UJ. Capillary electrophoresis for capture and concentrating of target nucleic acids by affinity gels modified to contain single-stranded nucleic acid probes. Anal Chim Acta 2006; 578:31-42. [PMID: 17723692 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2006.05.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2006] [Revised: 05/14/2006] [Accepted: 05/16/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Selective capture and pre-concentration of target nucleic acids from relatively complicated samples may provide a method to facilitate introduction to a microfluidic-based detection system to improve detection limits. An acrylamide polymer gel modified with Acrydite that contained 20mer oligonucleotide probe was prepared and loaded into a capillary column. The results indicated that the amount of probe DNA that was captured into the acrylamide was about 40% of the starting monomer, and different quantities of probe could therefore be coupled into the gel. The gel was passivated by pre-treatment with non-complementary DNA oligonucleotide to block non-selective adsorption sites, and the gel was determined to be stable for multiple cycles of use. The probe could hybridize with target sequences that were introduced by electrokinetic injection from a sample solution. The target could be freed from the polymer gel by use of a combination of heating, chaotropic salt and voltage conditions. Target capture efficiency was up to 90% when using samples that did not saturate probe sites in the columns, and recovery of target from the gel could be as high as 95%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Chan
- Chemical Sensors Group, Department of Chemical and Physical Sciences, University of Toronto at Mississauga, Mississauga, Ontario, Canada L5L 1C6
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46
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Dubus S, Gravel JF, Le Drogoff B, Nobert P, Veres T, Boudreau D. PCR-Free DNA Detection Using a Magnetic Bead-Supported Polymeric Transducer and Microelectromagnetic Traps. Anal Chem 2006; 78:4457-64. [PMID: 16808454 DOI: 10.1021/ac060486n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A fluorescent polymeric hybridization transducer supported on magnetic microbeads was investigated for the rapid, ultrasensitive, and sequence-specific detection of DNA. We show that the polymer derivative can be used to detect target DNA directly on magnetic particles by preparing "target-ready" microbeads grafted with the polymer and suitable DNA probes. A detection limit of approximately 200 target copies in a probed volume of 150 muL (1.4 copies/muL) was obtained for a DNA sequence specific to Candida albicans This detection scheme does not require the release of the hybridized target DNA prior to its detection or the labeling or amplification of the nucleic acids. Furthermore, we show that the fluorescence from these biosensing magnetic beads can be read while magnetically confined in a small volume by a microelectromagnetic trap, which offers the possibility of performing both the preconcentration and detection steps simultaneously on the same support. The combination of the fluorescent polymer biosensor with magnetic particle-assisted DNA preconcentration extends the application of this ultrasensitive biosensor to biological samples with complex matrixes and to integrated lab-on-a-chip platforms, where it could be used for fast multitarget DNA detection in point-of-care diagnostics and field analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sébastien Dubus
- Department of Chemistry and Centre d'Optique, Photonique et Laser (COPL), Université Laval, Québec, Canada
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47
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Sunkara V, Hong BJ, Park JW. Sensitivity enhancement of DNA microarray on nano-scale controlled surface by using a streptavidin-fluorophore conjugate. Biosens Bioelectron 2006; 22:1532-7. [PMID: 16809029 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2006.05.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2006] [Revised: 05/18/2006] [Accepted: 05/24/2006] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
High throughput analysis of DNA in low concentration and small volume is an important issue and a continuing challenge in the field of DNA microarray and sensor. Recently, we have demonstrated that the DNA microarray on nano-scale controlled surface provides ample space for hybridization resulting in the best discrimination efficiency for SNP analysis. Here, we report the utility of the nano-scale controlled surface in conjunction with a multiply tagged protein. Application of streptavidin-fluorophore conjugates in combination with the highly controlled surface that suppresses non-specific binding of DNA allows highly sensitive detection of DNA while maintaining superior SNP discrimination efficiency comparable to our earlier results. The sensitivity of DNA microarray on the mesospaced surface is two orders of magnitude higher than that of the generic surface when a streptavidin-fluorophore conjugate was employed, and the detection limit on the former surface was found to be 50 fM of 15-mer target DNA. Various streptavidin-fluorophore conjugates including streptavidin-Cy3, streptavidin-Cy5, streptavidin-Alexa Flour 555 and streptavidin-phycoerythrin were examined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vijaya Sunkara
- Center for Integrated Molecular Systems, Department of Chemistry, Division of Molecular and Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, San 31, Hyoja-dong, Pohang 790-784, Republic of Korea
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48
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Dittrich PS, Tachikawa K, Manz A. Micro Total Analysis Systems. Latest Advancements and Trends. Anal Chem 2006; 78:3887-908. [PMID: 16771530 DOI: 10.1021/ac0605602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 781] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Petra S Dittrich
- Institute for Analytical Sciences, Bunsen-Kirchhoff-Strasse 11, D-44139 Dortmund, Germany
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