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Mirabootalebi SO, Liu Y. Recent advances in nanomaterial-based solid-contact ion-selective electrodes. Analyst 2024. [PMID: 38885067 DOI: 10.1039/d4an00334a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
Solid-contact ion-selective electrodes (SC-ISEs) are advanced potentiometric sensors with great capability to detect a wide range of ions for the monitoring of industrial processes and environmental pollutants, as well as the determination of electrolytes for clinical analysis. Over the past decades, the innovative design of ion-selective electrodes (ISEs), specifically SC-ISEs, to improve potential stability and miniaturization for in situ/real-time analysis, has attracted considerable interest. Recently, the utilisation of nanomaterials was particularly prominent in SC-ISEs due to their excellent physical and chemical properties. In this article, we review the recent applications of various types of nanostructured materials that are composed of carbon, metals and polymers for the development of SC-ISEs. The challenges and opportunities in this field, along with the prospects for future applications of nanomaterials in SC-ISEs are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yang Liu
- College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland 4811, Australia.
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2
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Manero A, Crawford KE, Prock‐Gibbs H, Shah N, Gandhi D, Coathup MJ. Improving disease prevention, diagnosis, and treatment using novel bionic technologies. Bioeng Transl Med 2022; 8:e10359. [PMID: 36684104 PMCID: PMC9842045 DOI: 10.1002/btm2.10359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Revised: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Increased human life expectancy, due in part to improvements in infant and childhood survival, more active lifestyles, in combination with higher patient expectations for better health outcomes, is leading to an extensive change in the number, type and manner in which health conditions are treated. Over the next decades as the global population rapidly progresses toward a super-aging society, meeting the long-term quality of care needs is forecast to present a major healthcare challenge. The goal is to ensure longer periods of good health, a sustained sense of well-being, with extended periods of activity, social engagement, and productivity. To accomplish these goals, multifunctionalized interfaces are an indispensable component of next generation medical technologies. The development of more sophisticated materials and devices as well as an improved understanding of human disease is forecast to revolutionize the diagnosis and treatment of conditions ranging from osteoarthritis to Alzheimer's disease and will impact disease prevention. This review examines emerging cutting-edge bionic materials, devices and technologies developed to advance disease prevention, and medical care and treatment in our elderly population including developments in smart bandages, cochlear implants, and the increasing role of artificial intelligence and nanorobotics in medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albert Manero
- Limbitless SolutionsUniversity of Central FloridaOrlandoFloridaUSA,Biionix ClusterUniversity of Central FloridaOrlandoFloridaUSA
| | - Kaitlyn E. Crawford
- Biionix ClusterUniversity of Central FloridaOrlandoFloridaUSA,Department of Materials Science and EngineeringUniversity of Central FloridaOrlandoFloridaUSA
| | | | - Neel Shah
- College of MedicineUniversity of Central FloridaOrlandoFloridaUSA
| | - Deep Gandhi
- College of MedicineUniversity of Central FloridaOrlandoFloridaUSA
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3
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Azevedo Beluomini M, Ramos Stradiotto N, Boldrin Zanoni MV. Simultaneous detection of hesperidin and narirutin in residual water using nanoporous platinum electrosynthesized by alloying-dealloying mechanism. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2021.115866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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4
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Bellando F, Mele LJ, Palestri P, Zhang J, Ionescu AM, Selmi L. Sensitivity, Noise and Resolution in a BEOL-Modified Foundry-Made ISFET with Miniaturized Reference Electrode for Wearable Point-of-Care Applications. SENSORS 2021; 21:s21051779. [PMID: 33806584 PMCID: PMC7961866 DOI: 10.3390/s21051779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Revised: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Ion-sensitive field-effect transistors (ISFETs) form a high sensitivity and scalable class of sensors, compatible with advanced complementary metal-oxide semiconductor (CMOS) processes. Despite many previous demonstrations about their merits as low-power integrated sensors, very little is known about their noise characterization when being operated in a liquid gate configuration. The noise characteristics in various regimes of their operation are important to select the most suitable conditions for signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and power consumption. This work reports systematic DC, transient, and noise characterizations and models of a back-end of line (BEOL)-modified foundry-made ISFET used as pH sensor. The aim is to determine the sensor sensitivity and resolution to pH changes and to calibrate numerical and lumped element models, capable of supporting the interpretation of the experimental findings. The experimental sensitivity is approximately 40 mV/pH with a normalized resolution of 5 mpH per µm2, in agreement with the literature state of the art. Differences in the drain current noise spectra between the ISFET and MOSFET configurations of the same device at low currents (weak inversion) suggest that the chemical noise produced by the random binding/unbinding of the H+ ions on the sensor surface is likely the dominant noise contribution in this regime. In contrast, at high currents (strong inversion), the two configurations provide similar drain noise levels suggesting that the noise originates in the underlying FET rather than in the sensing region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Bellando
- Electronic Department, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland; (F.B.); (A.M.I.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-0432-558-249
| | - Leandro Julian Mele
- DPIA Department, University of Udine, 33100 Udine, Italy;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-0432-558-249
| | - Pierpaolo Palestri
- DPIA Department, University of Udine, 33100 Udine, Italy;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-0432-558-249
| | - Junrui Zhang
- Xsensio SA Batiment A, EPFL Innovation Park, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland;
| | - Adrian Mihai Ionescu
- Electronic Department, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland; (F.B.); (A.M.I.)
| | - Luca Selmi
- DIEF, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy;
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5
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Derakhshandeh H, Kashaf SS, Aghabaglou F, Ghanavati IO, Tamayol A. Smart Bandages: The Future of Wound Care. Trends Biotechnol 2018; 36:1259-1274. [PMID: 30197225 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibtech.2018.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2018] [Revised: 07/04/2018] [Accepted: 07/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Chronic non-healing wounds are major healthcare challenges that affect a noticeable number of people; they exert a severe financial burden and are the leading cause of limb amputation. Although chronic wounds are locked in a persisting inflamed state, they are dynamic and proper therapy requires identifying abnormalities, administering proper drugs and growth factors, and modulating the conditions of the environment. In this review article, we discuss technologies that have been developed to actively monitor the wound environment. We also highlight drug delivery tools that have been integrated with bandages to facilitate precise temporal and spatial control over drug release and review automated or semi-automated systems that can respond to the wound environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hossein Derakhshandeh
- Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE 68508, USA
| | - Sara Saheb Kashaf
- The University of Chicago Medical Scientist Training Program, Pritzker School of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Fariba Aghabaglou
- Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE 68508, USA
| | - Ian O Ghanavati
- Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE 68508, USA
| | - Ali Tamayol
- Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE 68508, USA; Current address: 900 N16th Street, Room NH W332, Lincoln, NE 68508, USA.
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Lee E, Sung M, Wang Y, Kim J. Atomic Layer Electrodeposition of Pt on Nanoporous Au and its Application in pH Sensing. ELECTROANAL 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.201800252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Euna Lee
- Department of Chemistry; Chungbuk National University; Chungbuk 28644 Korea
| | - Moonchang Sung
- Department of Chemistry; Chungbuk National University; Chungbuk 28644 Korea
| | - Yumi Wang
- Department of Chemistry; Chungbuk National University; Chungbuk 28644 Korea
| | - Jongwon Kim
- Department of Chemistry; Chungbuk National University; Chungbuk 28644 Korea
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Finnerty NJ, Bolger FB. A platinum oxide-based microvoltammetric pH electrode suitable for physiological investigations. Analyst 2018; 143:3124-3133. [DOI: 10.1039/c8an00631h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Herein, we report the in vitro investigation of a physiologically relevant Pt oxide-based microvoltammetric pH electrode.
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Hao J, Xiao T, Wu F, Yu P, Mao L. High Antifouling Property of Ion-Selective Membrane: toward In Vivo Monitoring of pH Change in Live Brain of Rats with Membrane-Coated Carbon Fiber Electrodes. Anal Chem 2016; 88:11238-11243. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.6b03854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jie Hao
- Beijing National Laboratory
for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for
Living Biosystems, Institute of Chemistry, The Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese
Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Tongfang Xiao
- Beijing National Laboratory
for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for
Living Biosystems, Institute of Chemistry, The Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese
Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Fei Wu
- Beijing National Laboratory
for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for
Living Biosystems, Institute of Chemistry, The Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese
Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Ping Yu
- Beijing National Laboratory
for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for
Living Biosystems, Institute of Chemistry, The Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese
Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Lanqun Mao
- Beijing National Laboratory
for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for
Living Biosystems, Institute of Chemistry, The Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese
Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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Rezaei Kolahchi A, Khadem Mohtaram N, Pezeshgi Modarres H, Mohammadi MH, Geraili A, Jafari P, Akbari M, Sanati-Nezhad A. Microfluidic-Based Multi-Organ Platforms for Drug Discovery. MICROMACHINES 2016; 7:E162. [PMID: 30404334 PMCID: PMC6189912 DOI: 10.3390/mi7090162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2016] [Revised: 08/23/2016] [Accepted: 08/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Development of predictive multi-organ models before implementing costly clinical trials is central for screening the toxicity, efficacy, and side effects of new therapeutic agents. Despite significant efforts that have been recently made to develop biomimetic in vitro tissue models, the clinical application of such platforms is still far from reality. Recent advances in physiologically-based pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic (PBPK-PD) modeling, micro- and nanotechnology, and in silico modeling have enabled single- and multi-organ platforms for investigation of new chemical agents and tissue-tissue interactions. This review provides an overview of the principles of designing microfluidic-based organ-on-chip models for drug testing and highlights current state-of-the-art in developing predictive multi-organ models for studying the cross-talk of interconnected organs. We further discuss the challenges associated with establishing a predictive body-on-chip (BOC) model such as the scaling, cell types, the common medium, and principles of the study design for characterizing the interaction of drugs with multiple targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Rezaei Kolahchi
- BioMEMS and Bioinspired Microfluidic Laboratory, Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada.
| | - Nima Khadem Mohtaram
- Laboratory for Innovations in MicroEngineering (LiME), Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC V8P 5C2, Canada.
- Division of Medical Sciences, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC V8P 5C2, Canada.
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA.
| | - Hassan Pezeshgi Modarres
- BioMEMS and Bioinspired Microfluidic Laboratory, Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada.
| | - Mohammad Hossein Mohammadi
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, Azadi Ave., Tehran 11155-9516, Iran.
| | - Armin Geraili
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, Azadi Ave., Tehran 11155-9516, Iran.
| | - Parya Jafari
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, Azadi Ave., Tehran 11155-9516, Iran.
| | - Mohsen Akbari
- Laboratory for Innovations in MicroEngineering (LiME), Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC V8P 5C2, Canada.
- Division of Medical Sciences, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC V8P 5C2, Canada.
| | - Amir Sanati-Nezhad
- BioMEMS and Bioinspired Microfluidic Laboratory, Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada.
- Center for Bioengineering Research and Education, Biomedical Engineering Program, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada.
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Kim J, Kim D, Choi SY, Kim SD, Song JY, Kim J. Electrochemical Deposition of Flat Nanoporous Pt Layers with Small Pore Dimensions. Electrochim Acta 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2015.12.095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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11
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Taurino I, Sanzó G, Mazzei F, Favero G, De Micheli G, Carrara S. Fast synthesis of platinum nanopetals and nanospheres for highly-sensitive non-enzymatic detection of glucose and selective sensing of ions. Sci Rep 2015; 5:15277. [PMID: 26515434 PMCID: PMC4626773 DOI: 10.1038/srep15277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2015] [Accepted: 09/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Novel methods to obtain Pt nanostructured electrodes have raised particular interest due to their high performance in electrochemistry. Several nanostructuration methods proposed in the literature use costly and bulky equipment or are time-consuming due to the numerous steps they involve. Here, Pt nanostructures were produced for the first time by one-step template-free electrodeposition on Pt bare electrodes. The change in size and shape of the nanostructures is proven to be dependent on the deposition parameters and on the ratio between sulphuric acid and chloride-complexes (i.e., hexachloroplatinate or tetrachloroplatinate). To further improve the electrochemical properties of electrodes, depositions of Pt nanostructures on previously synthesised Pt nanostructures are also performed. The electroactive surface areas exhibit a two order of magnitude improvement when Pt nanostructures with the smallest size are used. All the biosensors based on Pt nanostructures and immobilised glucose oxidase display higher sensitivity as compared to bare Pt electrodes. Pt nanostructures retained an excellent electrocatalytic activity towards the direct oxidation of glucose. Finally, the nanodeposits were proven to be an excellent solid contact for ion measurements, significantly improving the time-stability of the potential. The use of these new nanostructured coatings in electrochemical sensors opens new perspectives for multipanel monitoring of human metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Taurino
- Laboratory of Integrated Systems, EPFL - École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Gabriella Sanzó
- Laboratory of Integrated Systems, EPFL - École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.,Department of Chemistry and Drug Technologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy
| | - Franco Mazzei
- Department of Chemistry and Drug Technologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy
| | - Gabriele Favero
- Department of Chemistry and Drug Technologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy
| | - Giovanni De Micheli
- Laboratory of Integrated Systems, EPFL - École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Sandro Carrara
- Laboratory of Integrated Systems, EPFL - École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
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12
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Güngör Ö, Paşahan A, Cengiz MA, Köytepe S, Seçkin T. Fructose-Based Polyurethane Membranes: Synthesis, Characterization, and Their Use as Voltammetric pH Electrode. INT J POLYM MATER PO 2015. [DOI: 10.1080/00914037.2014.996705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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13
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Wen Y, Wang X. Characterization and application of a metallic tungsten electrode for potentiometric pH measurements. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2013.12.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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14
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Wu NY, Zang YB, Gao W, Xu MT. Zero Current Potentiometry for Measuring the Interface Potential at the Electrode/Solution Interface. Theoretical and Experimental Study. ELECTROANAL 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.201300162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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15
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Park W, Kim S. Triggerable single-component two-electrode voltammetric pH sensors using dyad molecules. Electrochem commun 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.elecom.2012.10.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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Bae JH, Kim YR, Soyoung Kim R, Chung TD. Enhanced electrochemical reactions of 1,4-benzoquinone at nanoporous electrodes. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2013; 15:10645-53. [DOI: 10.1039/c3cp50175b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Bae JH, Han JH, Chung TD. Electrochemistry at nanoporous interfaces: new opportunity for electrocatalysis. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2012; 14:448-63. [DOI: 10.1039/c1cp22927c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Park S, Kim HC, Chung TD. Electrochemical analysis based on nanoporous structures. Analyst 2012; 137:3891-903. [DOI: 10.1039/c2an35294j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Zhang D, Chang WC, Okajima T, Ohsaka T. Electrodeposition of platinum nanoparticles in a room-temperature ionic liquid. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2011; 27:14662-8. [PMID: 21995596 DOI: 10.1021/la202992m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
The electrochemistry of the [PtCl(6)](2-)-[PtCl(4)](2-)-Pt redox system on a glassy carbon (GC) electrode in a room-temperature ionic liquid (RTIL) [i.e., N,N-diethyl-N-methyl-N-(2-methoxyethyl)ammonium tetrafluoroborate (DEMEBF(4))] has been examined. The two-step four-electron reduction of [PtCl(6)](2-) to Pt, i.e., reduction of [PtCl(6)](2-) to [PtCl(4)](2-) and further reduction of [PtCl(4)](2-) to Pt, occurs separately in this RTIL in contrast to the one-step four-electron reduction of [PtCl(6)](2-) to Pt in aqueous media. The cathodic and anodic peaks corresponding to the [PtCl(6)](2-)/[PtCl(4)](2-) redox couple were observed at ca. -1.1 and 0.6 V vs a Pt wire quasi-reference electrode, respectively, while those observed at -2.8 and -0.5 V were found to correspond to the [PtCl(4)](2-)/Pt redox couple. The disproportionation reaction of the two-electron reduction product of [PtCl(6)](2-) (i.e., [PtCl(4)](2-)) to [PtCl(6)](2-) and Pt metal was also found to occur significantly. The electrodeposition of Pt nanoparticles could be carried out on a GC electrode in DEMEBF(4) containing [PtCl(6)](2-) by holding the potential at -3.5 or -2.0 V. At -3.5 V, the four-electron reduction of [PtCl(6)](2-) to Pt can take place, while at -2.0 V the two-electron reduction of [PtCl(6)](2-) to [PtCl(4)](2-) occurs. The results obtained demonstrate that the electrodeposition of Pt at -3.5 V may occur via a series of reductions of [PtCl(6)](2-) to [PtCl(4)](2-) and further [PtCl(4)](2-) to Pt and at -2.0 V via a disproportionation reaction of [PtCl(4)](2-) to [PtCl(6)](2-) and Pt. Furthermore, the deposition potential of Pt nanoparticles was found to largely influence their size and morphology as well as the relative ratio of Pt(110) and Pt(100) crystalline orientation domains. The sizes of the Pt nanoparticles prepared by holding the electrode potential at -2.0 and -3.5 V are almost the same, in the range of ca. 1-2 nm. These small nanoparticles are "grown" to form bigger particles with different morphologies: In the case of the deposition at -2.0 V, the GC electrode surface is totally, relatively compactly covered with Pt particles of relatively uniform size of ca. 10-50 nm. On the other hand, in the case of the electrodeposition at -3.5 V, small particles of ca. 50-100 nm and the grown-up particles of ca. 100-200 nm cover the GC surface irregularly and coarsely. Interestingly, the Pt nanoparticles prepared by holding the potential at -2.0 and -3.5 V are relatively enriched in Pt(100) and Pt(110) facets, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Da Zhang
- Department of Electronic Chemistry, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Nagatsuta 4259-G1-5, Yokohama 226-8502, Japan
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Chen S, Zhang SL. Contacting versus Insulated Gate Electrode for Si Nanoribbon Field-Effect Sensors Operating in Electrolyte. Anal Chem 2011; 83:9546-51. [DOI: 10.1021/ac2023316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Si Chen
- Division of Solid-State Electronics, Department of Engineering Sciences, The Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, P.O. Box 534, SE-751 21 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Shi-Li Zhang
- Division of Solid-State Electronics, Department of Engineering Sciences, The Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, P.O. Box 534, SE-751 21 Uppsala, Sweden
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Shim JH, Jang K, Lee Youngmi Lee C. Applications of Porous Pt-Filled Micropore Electrode: Direct Amperometric Glucose Detection and Potentiometric pH Sensing. ELECTROANAL 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.201100165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Noh J, Park S, Boo H, Kim HC, Chung TD. Nanoporous platinum solid-state reference electrode with layer-by-layer polyelectrolyte junction for pH sensing chip. LAB ON A CHIP 2011; 11:664-671. [PMID: 21135953 DOI: 10.1039/c0lc00293c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
A novel solid-state reference electrode was developed by combining nanoporous Pt with polyelectrolyte junction. The polyelectrolyte junction was formed in the microchannel connecting the nanoporous Pt and the sample solution, and had layer-by-layer structure of oppositely charged polyelectrolytes. The layer-by-layer polyelectrolyte junction effectively blocked the mass transport of ions and maintains constant pH environments on the surface of the nanoporous Pt. The assembly of the polyelectrolyte junction and the nanoporous Pt, which produced reportedly a stable open-circuit potential in response to constant pH, exhibited outstanding performance as a solid-state reference electrode (e.g., excellent reproducibility of ±4 mV (n = 5), good long term stability of ±1 mV (for 50 h), and independence of solution environments like pH and ionic strength). A working principle of the solid-state reference electrode with layer-by-layer polyelectrolyte junction was suggested in terms of the roles of each layer and the effect of the neighboring layer. As a demonstrative application of the solid-state reference electrode, a miniaturized chip-type solid-state pH sensor comprised of two nanoporous Pt electrodes and a micro-patterned layer-by-layer polyelectrolyte junction was developed. The solid-state pH sensing chip showed reliable pH responses without liquid junction and successfully worked in a variety of buffers, beverages, and biological samples, showing its potential utility for practical applications. In addition, the solid-state pH sensing chip was integrated in a microfluidic system to be utilized for pH monitoring in microfluidic flow.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jongmin Noh
- Interdisciplinary Program, Biomedical Engineering Major, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea.
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24
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Bae JH, Chung TD. Conductometric discrimination of electro-inactive metal ions using nanoporous electrodes. Electrochim Acta 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2010.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Abstract
A biosensor is a sensing device that incorporates a biological sensing element and a transducer to produce electrochemical, optical, mass, or other signals in proportion to quantitative information about the analytes in the given samples. The microfluidic chip is an attractive miniaturized platform with valuable advantages, e.g., low cost analysis requiring low reagent consumption, reduced sample volume, and shortened processing time. Combination of biosensors and microfluidic chips enhances analytical capability so as to widen the scope of possible applications. This review provides an overview of recent research activities in the field of biosensors integrated on microfluidic chips, focusing on the working principles, characteristics, and applicability of the biosensors. Theoretical background and applications in chemical, biological, and clinical analysis are summarized and discussed.
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Noh JM, Park SJ, Kim HC, Chung TD. Disposable Solid-State pH Sensor Using Nanoporous Platinum and Copolyelectrolytic Junction. B KOREAN CHEM SOC 2010. [DOI: 10.5012/bkcs.2010.31.11.3128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Park J, Kim J, Quan H. A surface renewable iridium oxide–glass composite hydrogen ion electrode. Microchem J 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2009.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Potentiometric urea biosensor based on immobilization of urease onto molecularly imprinted TiO2 film. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2009.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Gao W, Song J. Polyaniline Film Based Amperometric pH Sensor Using A Novel Electrochemical Measurement System. ELECTROANAL 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.200804500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Apparent electrocatalysis on 3D nanoporous platinum film electroplated from hexagonal lyotropic liquid crystalline phase of Triton X-100. Electrochim Acta 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2007.12.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Kim JW, Park SJ. Regulation of Electrochemical Oxidation of Glucose by lonic Strength-Controlled Virtual Area of Nanoporous Platinum Electrode. JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY 2007. [DOI: 10.5229/jkes.2007.10.3.203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Cost-effective electrodeposition of platinum nanoparticles with ionic liquid droplet confined onto electrode surface as micro-media. Electrochem commun 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.elecom.2007.01.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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Han JH, Park S, Boo H, Kim H, Nho J, Chung T. Solid-State Reference Electrode Based on Electrodeposited Nanoporous Platinum for Microchip. ELECTROANAL 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.200603772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Han JH, Boo H, Park S, Chung TD. Electrochemical oxidation of hydrogen peroxide at nanoporous platinum electrodes and the application to glutamate microsensor. Electrochim Acta 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2005.12.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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