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Whole-Column Imaging Detection for Capillary Isoelectric Focusing: Its Applications in Pharmaceutical Industry and Recent Development of the Technology. Trends Analyt Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2022.116567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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2
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Guo Z, Xing R, Zhao M, Li Y, Lu H, Liu Z. Controllable Engineering and Functionalizing of Nanoparticles for Targeting Specific Proteins towards Biomedical Applications. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2021; 8:e2101713. [PMID: 34725943 PMCID: PMC8693047 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202101713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Revised: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Nanoparticles have been widely used in important biomedical applications such as imaging, drug delivery, and disease therapy, in which targeting toward specific proteins is often essential. However, current targeting strategies mainly rely on surface modification with bioligands, which not only often fail to provide desired properties but also remain challenging. Here an unprecedented approach is reported, called reverse microemulsion-confined epitope-oriented surface imprinting and cladding (ROSIC), for facile, versatile, and controllable engineering coreless and core/shell nanoparticles with tunable monodispersed size as well as specific targeting capability toward proteins and peptides. Via engineering coreless imprinted and cladded silica nanoparticles, the effectiveness and superiority over conventional imprinting of the proposed approach are first verified. The prepared nanoparticles exhibit both high specificity and high affinity. Using quantum dots, superparamagnetic nanoparticles, silver nanoparticles, and upconverting nanoparticles as a representative set of core substrates, a variety of imprinted and cladded single-core/shell nanoparticles are then successfully prepared. Finally, using imprinted and cladded fluorescent nanoparticles as probes, in vitro targeted imaging of triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) cells and in vivo targeted imaging of TNBC-bearing mice are achieved. This approach opens a new avenue to engineering of nanoparticles for targeting specific proteins, holding great prospects in biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhanchen Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life ScienceSchool of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringNanjing UniversityNanjing210023China
| | - Rongrong Xing
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life ScienceSchool of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringNanjing UniversityNanjing210023China
| | - Menghuan Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life ScienceSchool of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringNanjing UniversityNanjing210023China
| | - Ying Li
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life ScienceSchool of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringNanjing UniversityNanjing210023China
| | - Haifeng Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life ScienceSchool of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringNanjing UniversityNanjing210023China
| | - Zhen Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life ScienceSchool of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringNanjing UniversityNanjing210023China
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3
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Isoelectric focusing array with immobilized pH gradient and dynamic scanning imaging for diabetes diagnosis. Anal Chim Acta 2019; 1063:178-186. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2019.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2018] [Revised: 03/02/2019] [Accepted: 03/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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4
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Zeng H, Glawdel T, Ren CL. Microchip with an open tubular immobilized ph gradient for UV whole column imaging detection. Electrophoresis 2015; 36:2542-5. [PMID: 26101201 DOI: 10.1002/elps.201500041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2015] [Revised: 06/09/2015] [Accepted: 06/10/2015] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
This study reports a new method for establishing an open tubular IPG in a microchip coupled with a whole column image detection (WCID) system for protein separation applications. This method allows a wider range of immobilized pH (2.6-9.5) to be established in a PDMS/quartz channel by controlling the diffusion of acidic and basic polymer solutions into the channel through well-designed channel dimensions. The developed pH gradient was experimentally validated by performing the separation of a mixture of standard pI markers. It was further validated by the separation of the hemoglobin control AFSC sample. This method is advantageous over existing IPG methods because it has a wider range of pH and maintains the open tubular feature that matches the UV WCID to improve the sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hulie Zeng
- Department of Mechanical and Mechatronics Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada
| | - Tomasz Glawdel
- Department of Mechanical and Mechatronics Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada
| | - Carolyn L Ren
- Department of Mechanical and Mechatronics Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada
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Wang S, Ye J, Bie Z, Liu Z. Affinity-tunable specific recognition of glycoproteins via boronate affinity-based controllable oriented surface imprinting. Chem Sci 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c3sc52986j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 195] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
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6
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Lü C, Li H, Wang H, Liu Z. Probing the Interactions between Boronic Acids and cis-Diol-Containing Biomolecules by Affinity Capillary Electrophoresis. Anal Chem 2013; 85:2361-9. [DOI: 10.1021/ac3033917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chenchen Lü
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry
for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093,
People’s Republic of China
| | - Hengye Li
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry
for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093,
People’s Republic of China
| | - Heye Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry
for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093,
People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhen Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry
for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093,
People’s Republic of China
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Köhler S, Nagl S, Fritzsche S, Belder D. Label-free real-time imaging in microchip free-flow electrophoresis applying high speed deep UV fluorescence scanning. LAB ON A CHIP 2012; 12:458-463. [PMID: 22011722 DOI: 10.1039/c1lc20558g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
We report on label-free monitoring of microfluidic free-flow electrophoresis (μFFE) separations in real-time using a custom built high speed deep UV laser scanner. In combination with a novel layout realized in fused silica (FS) FFE chips the setup was successfully applied for continuous separations and detection of unlabeled analytes including native proteins by space-resolved intrinsic deep UV fluorescence scanning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Köhler
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry, University of Leipzig, Linnéstr. 3, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
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Bi X, Yu J, Li L, Jiang H, Huang F, Liu Z. Spatio-temporally resolved detection on a microfluidic chip for monitoring the dynamic processes of molecular events. Analyst 2012; 137:4016-22. [DOI: 10.1039/c2an35650c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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9
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Fonslow BR, Kang SA, Gestaut DR, Graczyk B, Davis TN, Sabatini DM, Yates JR. Native capillary isoelectric focusing for the separation of protein complex isoforms and subcomplexes. Anal Chem 2010; 82:6643-51. [PMID: 20614870 DOI: 10.1021/ac101235k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Here we report the use of capillary isoelectric focusing under native conditions for the separation of protein complex isoforms and subcomplexes. Using biologically relevant HIS-tag and FLAG-tag purified protein complexes, we demonstrate the separations of protein complex isoforms of the mammalian target of rapamycin complex (mTORC1 and 2) and the subcomplexes and different phosphorylation states of the Dam1 complex. The high efficiency capillary isoelectric focusing separation allowed for resolution of protein complexes and subcomplexes similar in size and biochemical composition. By performing separations with native buffers and reduced temperature (15 degrees C) we were able to maintain the complex integrity of the more thermolabile mTORC2 during isoelectric focusing and detection (<45 min). Increasing the separation temperature allowed us to monitor dissociation of the Dam1 complex into its subcomplexes (25 degrees C) and eventually its individual protein components (30 degrees C). The separation of two different phosphorylation states of the Dam1 complex, generated from an in vitro kinase assay with Mps1 kinase, was straightforward due to the large pI shift upon multiple phosphorylation events. The separation of the protein complex isoforms of mTORC, on the other hand, required the addition of a small pI range (4-6.5) of ampholytes to improve resolution and stability of the complexes. We show that native capillary isoelectric focusing is a powerful method for the difficult separations of large, similar, unstable protein complexes. This method shows potential for differentiation of protein complex isoform and subcomplex compositions, post-translational modifications, architectures, stabilities, equilibria, and relative abundances under biologically relevant conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bryan R Fonslow
- Department of Chemical Physiology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 N. Torrey Pines Rd. La Jolla, California 92037, USA
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Ramsay LM, Dickerson JA, Dada O, Dovichi NJ. Femtomolar concentration detection limit and zeptomole mass detection limit for protein separation by capillary isoelectric focusing and laser-induced fluorescence detection. Anal Chem 2010; 81:1741-6. [PMID: 19206532 DOI: 10.1021/ac8025948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Fluorescence tends to produce the lowest detection limits for most forms of capillary electrophoresis. Two issues have discouraged its use in capillary isoelectric focusing. The first issue is fluorescent labeling of proteins. Most labeling reagents react with lysine residues and convert the cationic residue to a neutral or anionic product. At best, these reagents perturb the isoelectric point of the protein. At worse, they convert each protein into hundreds of different fluorescent products that confound analysis. The second issue is the large background signal generated by impurities within commercial ampholytes. This background signal is particularly strong when excited in the blue portion of the spectrum, which is required by many common fluorescent labeling reagents. This paper addresses these issues. For labeling, we employ Chromeo P540, which is a fluorogenic reagent that converts cationic lysine residues to cationic fluorescent products. The reaction products are excited in the green, which reduces the background signal generated by impurities present within the ampholytes. To further reduce the background signal, we photobleach ampholytes with high-power photodiodes. Photobleaching reduced the noise in the ampholyte blank by an order of magnitude. Isoelectric focusing performed with photobleached pH 3-10 ampholytes produced concentration detection limits of 270 +/- 25 fM and mass detection limits of 150 +/- 15 zmol for Chromeo P540 labeled beta-lactoglobulin. Concentration detection limits were 520 +/- 40 fM and mass detection limits were 310 +/- 30 zmol with pH 4-8 ampholytes. A homogenate was prepared from a Barrett's esophagus cell line and separated by capillary isoelectric focusing, reproducibly generating dozens of peaks. The sample taken for the separation was equal to the labeled protein homogenate from three cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren M Ramsay
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
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Lemma T, Pawliszyn J. Human serum albumin interaction with oxaliplatin studied by capillary isoelectric focusing with the whole column imaging detection and spectroscopic method. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2009; 50:570-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2008.10.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2008] [Revised: 10/18/2008] [Accepted: 10/20/2008] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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12
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Liang L, Dou P, Dong M, Ke X, Bian N, Liu Z. Study on a hidden protein-DNA binding in salmon sperm DNA sample by dynamic kinetic capillary isoelectric focusing. Anal Chim Acta 2009; 650:106-10. [PMID: 19720180 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2009.01.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2008] [Revised: 12/16/2008] [Accepted: 01/13/2009] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Nuclease P1 is an important enzyme that hydrolyzes RNA or single-stranded DNA into nucleotides, and complete digestion is an essential basis for assays based on this enzyme. To digest a doubled-stranded DNA, the enzyme is usually combined with heat denaturing, which breaks doubled-stranded DNA into single strands. This paper presents an un-expected phenomenon that nuclease P1, in combination with heat denaturing, fails to completely digest a DNA sample extracted from salmon sperm. Under the experimental conditions used, at which nuclease P1 can completely digest calf thymus DNA, the digestion yield of salmon sperm DNA was only 89.5%. Spectrometric measurement indicated that a total protein of 4.7% is present in the DNA sample. To explain the reason for this phenomenon, the dynamic kinetic capillary isoelectric focusing (DK-CIEF) approach proposed previously, which allows for the discrimination of different types of protein-DNA interactions and the measurement of the individual dissociation rate constants, was modified and applied to examine possible protein-DNA interactions involved. It was found that a non-specific DNA-protein binding occurs in the sample, the dissociation rate constant for which was measured to be 7.05+/-0.83x10(-3) s(-1). The formation of DNA-protein complex was suggested to be the main reason for the incomplete digestion of the DNA sample. The modified DK-CIEF approach can be applied as general DNA samples, with the advantages of fast speed and low sample consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Liang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
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14
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Liu Z, Ou J, Samy R, Glawdel T, Huang T, Ren CL, Pawliszyn J. Side-by-side comparison of disposable microchips with commercial capillary cartridges for application in capillary isoelectric focusing with whole column imaging detection. LAB ON A CHIP 2008; 8:1738-1741. [PMID: 18813399 DOI: 10.1039/b807646d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Simple-structured, well-functioned disposable poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) microchips were developed for capillary isoelectric focusing with whole column imaging detection (CIEF-WCID). Side-by-side comparison of the developed microchips with well-established commercial capillary cartridges demonstrated that the disposable microchips have comparable performance as well as advantages such as absence of lens effect and possibility of high-aspect-ratio accompanied with a dramatic reduction in cost.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China.
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15
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Recent applications of capillary electrophoresis–mass spectrometry (CE–MS): CE performing functions beyond separation. Anal Chim Acta 2008; 627:3-24. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2008.04.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2008] [Revised: 04/02/2008] [Accepted: 04/08/2008] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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16
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Recent developments in capillary isoelectric focusing. J Chromatogr A 2008; 1204:157-70. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2008.05.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2008] [Revised: 04/30/2008] [Accepted: 05/08/2008] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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17
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Ou J, Glawdel T, Samy R, Wang S, Liu Z, Ren CL, Pawliszyn J. Integration of Dialysis Membranes into a Poly(dimethylsiloxane) Microfluidic Chip for Isoelectric Focusing of Proteins Using Whole-Channel Imaging Detection. Anal Chem 2008; 80:7401-7. [DOI: 10.1021/ac8010928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Junjie Ou
- Department of Mechanical and Mechatronics Engineering and Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada N2L 3G1, and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Tomasz Glawdel
- Department of Mechanical and Mechatronics Engineering and Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada N2L 3G1, and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Razim Samy
- Department of Mechanical and Mechatronics Engineering and Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada N2L 3G1, and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Shuwen Wang
- Department of Mechanical and Mechatronics Engineering and Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada N2L 3G1, and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Zhen Liu
- Department of Mechanical and Mechatronics Engineering and Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada N2L 3G1, and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Carolyn L. Ren
- Department of Mechanical and Mechatronics Engineering and Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada N2L 3G1, and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Janusz Pawliszyn
- Department of Mechanical and Mechatronics Engineering and Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada N2L 3G1, and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
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18
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Investigation of interaction between human hemoglobin A0 and platinum anticancer drugs by capillary isoelectric focusing with whole column imaging detection. J Sep Sci 2008; 31:1803-9. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.200700418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Kostal V, Katzenmeyer J, Arriaga EA. Capillary electrophoresis in bioanalysis. Anal Chem 2008; 80:4533-50. [PMID: 18484738 DOI: 10.1021/ac8007384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Vratislav Kostal
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
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Dou P, Liu Z, He J, Xu JJ, Chen HY. Rapid and high-resolution glycoform profiling of recombinant human erythropoietin by capillary isoelectric focusing with whole column imaging detection. J Chromatogr A 2008; 1190:372-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2008.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2008] [Revised: 02/24/2008] [Accepted: 03/03/2008] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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Pharmaceutical applications of isoelectric focusing on microchip with imaged UV detection. J Chromatogr A 2008; 1181:145-52. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2007.12.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2007] [Revised: 11/20/2007] [Accepted: 12/18/2007] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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