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Kenneth Marcus R, Hoegg ED, Hall KA, Williams TJ, Koppenaal DW. Combined atomic and molecular (CAM) ionization with the liquid sampling-atmospheric pressure glow discharge microplasma. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2023; 42:652-673. [PMID: 34346101 DOI: 10.1002/mas.21720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Revised: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
In a world where information-rich methods of analysis are often sought over those with superior figures of merit, there is a constant search for ionization methods which can be applied across diverse analytical systems. The liquid sampling-atmospheric pressure glow discharge (LS-APGD) is a microplasma device which has the inherent capabilities to operate as a combined atomic and molecular (CAM) ionization source. The plasma is sustained by placement of a high voltage (~500 V, dc) onto an electrolytic solution through which the analyte is generally delivered to the discharge. Judicious choice of the solvent provides a means of obtaining atomic/elemental and/or molecular mass spectra. Presented here are the diverse modes of sample introduction and mass spectrometer platforms to which the LS-APGD has been interfaced. Likewise, representative spectra and figures of merit are presented towards elemental and isotope ratio measurements, as well as application to small organic molecules, organometallic complexes, and intact proteins. It is believed that the diversity of analytical applications and ready implementation across the entirety of mass spectrometry platforms portends a level of versatility not realized with other ionization sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Kenneth Marcus
- Department of Chemistry, Biosystems Research Complex, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina, USA
| | - Edward D Hoegg
- Department of Chemistry, Biosystems Research Complex, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina, USA
| | - Katja A Hall
- Department of Chemistry, Biosystems Research Complex, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina, USA
| | - Tyler J Williams
- Department of Chemistry, Biosystems Research Complex, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina, USA
| | - David W Koppenaal
- Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington, USA
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2
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He L, Lin Y, Su Y, Li Y, Deng Y, Zheng C. Sensitive and Environmentally Friendly Field Analysis of Waterborne Arsenic by Electrochemical Hydride Generation Microplasma Optical Emission Spectrometry. Anal Chem 2022; 94:17514-17521. [PMID: 36469951 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c03784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
To avoid polluting the environment, it is desirable to develop methods consuming as few chemicals as possible for field elemental analysis. In this work, a lithium-ion battery supplied, compact handheld optical emission spectrometer (OES) (0.3 kg, length 18 cm × width 5 cm × height 10 cm) was fabricated for the sensitive field analysis of waterborne arsenic by utilizing electrochemical hydride generation (ECHG) and miniaturized ballpoint discharge (μPD) as sample introduction means and excitation source, respectively. The high ECHG efficiency of arsenic was obtained using a superior cathode of Fe@PbO/Pb and the generated arsine was separated from an aqueous phase and further swept to the μPD microplasma for detection. It is worth noting that the Fe@PbO/Pb cathode not only retains advantages of large specific surface area, robust stability, and excellent reproducibility for the ECHG of arsenic but also accomplishes the preconcentration of As(III), thus improving the kinetics of the surface chemistry at the cathode, alleviating the corrosion of the electrode, and minimizing the release of Pb. A limit of detection of 1.0 μg L-1 was obtained with a relative standard deviation of 4.2% for 20 μg L-1 As(III). Owing to the advantages of ECHG and μPD-OES, the system retains a promising potential for the sensitive, cost-effective, and environmentally friendly field analysis of waterborne arsenic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liangbo He
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology of MOE, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610064, China
| | - Yao Lin
- West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Yubin Su
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology of MOE, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610064, China
| | - Yuanyuan Li
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology of MOE, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610064, China
| | - Yurong Deng
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology of MOE, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610064, China
| | - Chengbin Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology of MOE, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610064, China
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3
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He L, Lin Y, Chen P, Su Y, Li Y, Zheng C. A microplasma optical emission spectrometry pen for point-of-care diagnosis of child blood lead. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 439:129607. [PMID: 35907282 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.129607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Revised: 07/03/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Blood lead levels (BLL) of children have attracted considerable attention due to their putative impact on intelligence decline. However, most methods used for the determination of blood lead typically require expensive, bulky, high power and gas consuming instrumentation, limiting their application for a point-of-care diagnosis. Herein we report the development and testing of a portable ballpoint discharge microplasma optical emission spectrometer (BD-OES pen) device having the potential to fill this needed measurement capability. The BD-OES pen utilizes a compact ballpoint-pen format integrating point-discharge microplasma, which permits the determination of child BLL requiring no more than 100 μL blood while providing high specificity, sensitivity and satisfactory limit of detection (0.73 μg L-1). The handheld BD-OES pen is successfully used to diagnose BLL of 16 asymptomatic children on-site, two of whom had excessive the normal BLL. The pen may aid the on-site and rapid diagnosis of childhood BLL, particularly in low-income areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liangbo He
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology of MOE, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610064, China
| | - Yao Lin
- West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Piaopiao Chen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, Med+X Center for Manufacturing, West China Precision Medicine Industrial Technology Institute, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Yubin Su
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology of MOE, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610064, China
| | - Yuanyuan Li
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology of MOE, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610064, China
| | - Chengbin Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology of MOE, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610064, China.
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4
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Chen X, Cai Z, Wang Z. Multi-element Simultaneous sensitization of solution cathode glow discharge atomic emission spectrometry by using portable semiconductor anode refrigeration. Talanta 2022; 248:123638. [PMID: 35667185 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2022.123638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Revised: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
In this study, a modified solution cathode glow discharge atomic emission spectrometry (SCGD-AES) was used to detect metal elements in electroplating sewage. The SCGD-AES device was equipped with a portable semiconductor anode refrigeration unit, which was built independently. The red-heat effect of tungsten electrode was alleviated by adding the portable refrigeration unit, thus improving thermal stability with the withstand voltage from 1040 V to 1140 V. Compared with the devices without semiconductor refrigeration, the chromium was excited more favorable when the discharge voltage increased, and the limit of detection (LOD) decreased by 8.5 times. Furthermore, the LODs of Zn, Cd, Ni, Cu and Pb decreased by 1.8-3.2 times, respectively, which realized the detection of elements in electroplating sewage and showed high performance in the field of trace elements analysis. Furthermore, the accuracy of the method was verified by stream sediment reference material (GBW07312), and the results were consistent with the certified values. The recoveries of elements added to industrial sewage and seawater range were from 90.5 to 98.7%, demonstrating good accuracy of the proposed method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangyu Chen
- Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201899, China; College of Mathematics and Physics, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, 200234, China
| | - Zhaoqing Cai
- Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201899, China; Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Zheng Wang
- Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201899, China; Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
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5
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Lu Q, Feng Y, Luo H, Yu J, Kang Y. Enhanced Sensitivity for the Determination of Lithium by Miniaturized Liquid Cathode Glow Discharge (LCGD) Atomic Emission Spectrometry (AES) with the Addition of Surfactants. ANAL LETT 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/00032719.2022.2072856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Quanfang Lu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, China
- Editorial Department of the University Journal, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yan Feng
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Hui Luo
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jie Yu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yuejing Kang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, China
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6
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Peng X, Wang Z. Systematic evaluation of advance in application and discharge mechanism of solution electrode glow discharge. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2021.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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7
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Yang C, Cheng G, Cheng SQ, Liu X, Liu Y, Zheng HT, Hu SH, Zhu ZL. Direct and Sensitive Determination of Antimony in Water by Hydrogen-Doped Solution Anode Glow Discharge-Optical Emission Spectrometry Without Hydride Generation. Anal Chem 2021; 93:16393-16400. [PMID: 34859666 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.1c02940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
In the present work, a novel, simple, and sensitive method for the direct determination of trace Sb in water samples was developed based on hydrogen-doped solution anode glow discharge-optical emission spectrometry (SAGD-OES). It was found that the vapor generation and excitation of Sb occurred simultaneously in the SAGD, contributing to the significant improvement in the sensitivity of Sb as compared with normal pure He-operated SAGD or solution cathode glow discharge. Besides, the proposed hydrogen-doped SAGD-OES could be operated even at pH = 14, which could reduce the interference of coexisting ions as many metal ions could be precipitated and removed. Our results demonstrated that the proposed method offered good tolerance to the interferences of Li, Na, Ca, Mg, Fe, Ni, Mn, and Zn ions even at a concentration of 50 mg L-1. Under optimized conditions, the limit of detection of Sb was 0.85 μg L-1, which was comparable to that of microplasma sources coupled with conventional hydride generation. The linearity of the Sb calibration curve reached R2 > 0.999 in the 5-5000 μg L-1 range. Finally, the accuracy of the proposed method was validated by the determination of certified reference materials [GSB 07-1376-2001 (1) and (2))] and real water samples. The proposed low-power (6 W), green, sensitive, rapid, and robust method provides a promising approach for on-site trace Sb analysis and may also be extended to other elements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Guo Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Shuang-Quan Cheng
- Faculty of Materials Science and Chemistry, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Xing Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Ying Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Hong-Tao Zheng
- Faculty of Materials Science and Chemistry, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Sheng-Hong Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Zhen-Li Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China.,State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Source Apportionment and Control of Aquatic Pollution, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Wuhan 430074, China
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8
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Cai Z, Qian L, Peng X, Wang Z. Direct Ultratrace Detection of Lead in a Single Hair Using Portable Electromagnetic Heating Vaporization-Atmospheric Pressure Glow Discharge-Atomic Emission Spectrometry. Anal Chem 2021; 93:14701-14707. [PMID: 34704432 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.1c03057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
In this paper, the first demonstration of direct ultratrace determination of lead in a single human hair by direct current-atmospheric pressure glow discharge-atomic emission spectrometry (DC-APGD-AES) coupled with electromagnetic heating vaporization (EMV) was described. Only the ultramicro mass of a human hair sample (about 0.15 mg, often a single human hair) was required during the analysis, and fast detection was implemented without tedious pretreatment processes, such as grinding and digestion. A limit of detection (LOD) of 30.8 μg kg-1 (4.8 pg) for Pb was obtained under optimized conditions, which was even equivalent to that of conventional LA-ICP-MS/ETV-ICP-MS/GFAAS. EMV-APGD-AES, meanwhile, can facilitate miniaturization and portability with low power and small size. The accuracy and practicality of the method were verified by the analysis of certified reference materials (CRMs) GBW09101b (human hair) and human hair samples from three volunteers. A simple, efficient, and low-cost method for detecting Pb in human hair has been developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoqing Cai
- Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, China.,Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Ling Qian
- Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, China
| | - Xiaoxu Peng
- Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, China
| | - Zheng Wang
- Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, China.,Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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9
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Dong JH, Yang C, Ding HQ, Xing PJ, Zhou FY, Tian H, Liu X, Zheng HT, Hu SH, Zhu ZL. Development of a Portable Method for Serum Lithium Measurement Based on Low-Cost Miniaturized Ultrasonic Nebulization Coupled with Atmospheric-Pressure Air-Sustained Discharge. Anal Chem 2021; 93:13351-13359. [PMID: 34558890 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.1c03133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
An accurate, rapid but cheap, and portable method for monitoring of serum lithium (Li) is highly desirable for mental patients who take Li medicine for treatment. Conventional techniques are usually bulky, costly, and cannot provide on-site real-time measurements. Herein, a miniaturized, reliable, cost-effective, and portable optical emission method for rapid and sensitive determination of serum Li was developed based on a combination of miniaturized ultrasonic nebulization (MUN) and a low-power (≈22 W) atmospheric-pressure air-sustained discharge (APAD) excitation source. The proposed method eliminates the use of any compressed gas or pump and can achieve serum Li detection within 40 s with low sample consumption (less than 20 μL serum). Except for dilution with water, no extra treatment is needed for serum Li analysis by MUN-APAD-OES. In addition, it offers a significant advantage of good tolerance to the coexisting high concentration of Na, K, Ca, and Mg, which is in contrast with the obvious matrix effect encountered in conventional inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES). Different operating parameters affecting the performance of MUN-APAD-OES were evaluated. Under optimized conditions, the detection limit of Li (670.8 nm) was calculated to be 0.6 μg L-1 (6 μg L-1 in serum). Finally, the accuracy of the proposed method was validated by the analysis of two certified reference materials (Seronorm serum L-1 and L-2 RUO), six real human serum samples, and eight real animal serum samples. All of the results indicate that the low-cost and low-power MUN-APAD-OES provides a promising reliable method for on-site serum Li measurement and may also be extended to other elements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Hang Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences (Wuhan), Wuhan 430074, China.,Faculty of Material Science and Chemistry, China University of Geosciences (Wuhan), Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Chun Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences (Wuhan), Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Han-Qing Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences (Wuhan), Wuhan 430074, China.,Faculty of Material Science and Chemistry, China University of Geosciences (Wuhan), Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Peng-Ju Xing
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences (Wuhan), Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Fei-Yang Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences (Wuhan), Wuhan 430074, China.,Faculty of Material Science and Chemistry, China University of Geosciences (Wuhan), Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Huan Tian
- Faculty of Material Science and Chemistry, China University of Geosciences (Wuhan), Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Xing Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences (Wuhan), Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Hong-Tao Zheng
- Faculty of Material Science and Chemistry, China University of Geosciences (Wuhan), Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Sheng-Hong Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences (Wuhan), Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Zhen-Li Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences (Wuhan), Wuhan 430074, China.,Faculty of Material Science and Chemistry, China University of Geosciences (Wuhan), Wuhan 430074, China
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10
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Qian L, Lei Z, Peng X, Yang G, Wang Z. Highly sensitive determination of cadmium and lead in whole blood by electrothermal vaporization-atmospheric pressure glow discharge atomic emission spectrometry. Anal Chim Acta 2021; 1162:338495. [PMID: 33926695 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2021.338495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Revised: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/02/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
In this study, a fast and simple method for highly sensitive detection of Cd and Pb elements based on atmospheric pressure glow discharge atomic emission spectrometry (APGD-AES) coupling with tungsten coil electrothermal vaporization (ETV) was proposed. A small amount of sample (10 μL) was dropped onto the tungsten coil, followed by drying, pyrolysis and vaporization procedures, and then the vaporized analyte was transported to APGD for excitation. The whole procedure took approximately 3 min. Multi-step heating of the ETV unit can separate matrices and solvents from the analyte, providing an advantage in detecting samples with complex matrix. Under the optimal experimental conditions, limits of detection of 0.4 μg L-1 (4 pg) for cadmium and 1.2 μg L-1 (12 pg) for lead were obtained, with relative standard deviations of 20 μg L-1 Cd and 100 μg L-1 Pb both being <5%. The accuracy of the ETV-APGD-AES system was verified by the determination of heavy metals in whole blood standard sample (GBW(E)090,251) and the practicability of the ETV-APGD-AES system were demonstrated by the determination of heavy metals in human whole blood. The results obtained by this instrument agree well with the standard values and those obtained by ICP-MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Qian
- School of Material Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200093, China; Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200050, China
| | - Zhendong Lei
- Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200050, China
| | - Xiaoxu Peng
- Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200050, China
| | - Guangzhi Yang
- School of Material Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200093, China.
| | - Zheng Wang
- Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200050, China; Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
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11
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Deng Y, Hu J, Li M, He L, Li K, Hou X, Jiang X. Interface-free integration of electrothermal vaporizer and point discharge microplasma for miniaturized optical emission spectrometer. Anal Chim Acta 2021; 1163:338502. [PMID: 34024418 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2021.338502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Revised: 04/04/2021] [Accepted: 04/05/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
A tungsten coil (W-coil) as an electrothermal vaporizer (ETV) was interface-free integrated with a point discharge (PD) microplasma as an excitation source for a miniaturized optical emission spectrometer (OES). The PD microplasma and the W-coil ETV were vertically arranged in one quartz tube, and the W-coil was directly placed just under the PD without any physical interface. Working gas flow could sweep them successively to carry analytes released from the W-coil to the PD microplasma, and exhaust out of the quartz tube. The W-coil firstly acted as an ETV for sampling, on which pipetted with a tiny amount of sample solution (typically 10 μL), followed by a heating program for eliminating sample moisture and matrix. Vapor of analytes was subsequently released from the W-coil at a high temperature and immediately swept into the PD microplasma for excitation of atoms to obtain their optical emission spectra. Due to the high temperature of the W-coil, the released analyte species from the W-coil probably had been already atomized/excited partly and partially maintained prior to entering into the PD microplasma, thus saving the energy in the PD for sample evaporation and dissociation. In other words, the W-coil indirectly provided extra energy to the PD microplasma, thus its excitation capability was intensified. Under optimal experimental conditions, simultaneous determination of Ag, As, Bi, Cd, Cu, In, Pb, Sb and Zn was achieved, with LODs of 0.6, 45, 40, 0.08, 15, 8, 8, 41 and 5 μg L-1, respectively, and RSDs all less than 4.5% (n = 3, at corresponding concentrations of 5, 250, 250, 0.5, 100, 50, 50, 250 and 25 μg L-1). The accuracy validation of the proposed technique was demonstrated by successfully analyzing Certified Reference Materials (CRMs, including water, soil, stream sediment and biological samples), and preliminarily analyzing one CRM with direct slurry injection, both with satisfactory results, which had no significant difference with the certificated values at a confidence level of 95% by t-test.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujia Deng
- Analytical & Testing Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610064, China
| | - Jing Hu
- Analytical & Testing Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610064, China
| | - Mengtian Li
- Key Lab of Green Chemistry & Technology of MOE, and College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610064, China
| | - Lin He
- Analytical & Testing Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610064, China
| | - Kai Li
- Analytical & Testing Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610064, China
| | - Xiandeng Hou
- Analytical & Testing Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610064, China; Key Lab of Green Chemistry & Technology of MOE, and College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610064, China.
| | - Xiaoming Jiang
- Analytical & Testing Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610064, China.
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12
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Jin M, Yuan H, Liu B, Peng J, Xu L, Yang D. Review of the distribution and detection methods of heavy metals in the environment. ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2020; 12:5747-5766. [PMID: 33231592 DOI: 10.1039/d0ay01577f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Heavy metals can be enriched in living organisms and seriously endanger human health and the ecological environment, which has evolved into a significant global environmental problem. Based on summarizing the spatial distribution of heavy metals in the environment, this review introduces heavy metal detection technologies such as inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry/atomic emission spectrometry, atomic absorption spectrometry, atomic fluorescence spectrometry, and laser-induced breakdown spectrometry. It summarizes their respective advantages, characteristics, and applicability. Besides, atmospheric pressure discharge plasma as a potential heavy metal detection technology is also introduced and discussed in this review. The current research mainly focuses on improving the analytical performance and optimizing the practical application. Furthermore, this review not only summarizes the advantages of atmospheric pressure discharge plasma in the field of element analysis but also summarizes the principal scientific and technical problems to be solved urgently.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengting Jin
- College of Sciences, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832003, China.
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13
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Yu J, Kang Y, Lu Q, Luo H, Lu Z, Cui L, Li J. Improvement of analytical performance of liquid cathode glow discharge for the determination of bismuth using formic acid as a matrix modifier. Microchem J 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2020.105507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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14
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Evaluation of a sampling system coupled to liquid cathode glow discharge for the determination of rubidium, cesium and strontium in water samples. Microchem J 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2020.105246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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15
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Zhou YJ, Ma J, Li F, Xian T, Yuan QH, Lu QF. Sensitivity improvement of solution cathode glow discharge-optical emission spectrometry by external magnetic field for optical determination of elements. Microchem J 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2020.105224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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16
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Yu J, Yin L, Lu Q, Feng F, Kang Y, Luo H. Highly sensitive determination of mercury by improved liquid cathode glow discharge with the addition of chemical modifiers. Anal Chim Acta 2020; 1131:25-34. [PMID: 32928477 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2020.07.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Revised: 06/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The sample introduction system of early miniaturized liquid cathode glow discharge (LCGD) was improved, and then LCGD was used as an excitation source of atomic emission spectrometry (AES) for the detection of mercury in water samples. The effects of chemical modifiers, such as ionic surfactants and low molecular weight organic substances, on emission intensities of Hg were investigated. The results showed that the addition of 4% methanol and 0.15% hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) can enhance the net intensity of Hg about 15.5-fold and 7.7-fold, and the sensitivity (S) of Hg about 15.2-fold and 5.6-fold, respectively. Adding chemical modifiers markedly reduce the interferences from Fe3+, Co2+, Cl-, Br-, and I- ions. The limit of detection (LOD) is reduced from 0.35 mg L-1 for no chemical modifier to 0.03 mg L-1 for 4% methanol and 0.05 mg L-1 for 0.15% CTAB. The relative standard deviation (RSD) of Hg with adding 4% methanol, 0.15% CTAB and no chemical modifier is 2.38%, 1.17% and 3.00%, respectively, and the power consumption is below 75 W. All results indicated that the determination of Hg using improved LCGD with the addition of chemical modifiers has high sensitivity, low LOD, well precision and low power consumption. Water samples containing high mercury (10-20 mg L-1) and low mercury (0.2-5 mg L-1) can be determined by improved LCGD-AES with no chemical modifier and 4% methanol, respectively. Adding 4% methanol significantly reduces the matrix effects from real water samples. The measurement results of spiked samples using LCGD-AES are largely consistent with the spiked value. In addition, the recoveries of Hg are ranged from 95.7% to 114.8%, suggesting that the measurement results of Hg by LCGD-AES are accurate and reliable. Overall, the improved LCGD-AES with adding chemical modifiers is a promising technique for on-site and real-time monitoring of Hg in water samples because of its portability, lower cost and speed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Yu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, 730070, China.
| | - Ling Yin
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, 730070, China
| | - Quanfang Lu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, 730070, China; Editorial Department of the University Journal, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, 730070, China.
| | - Feifei Feng
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, 730070, China
| | - Yuejing Kang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, 730070, China
| | - Hui Luo
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, 730070, China
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17
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LENG AQ, LIN Y, YONG L, ZHENG CB. Progress and Application of Liquid Electrode Glow Discharge for Atomic Spectrometry. CHINESE JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/s1872-2040(20)60041-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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18
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Yu J, Zhang X, Lu Q, Yin L, Feng F, Luo H, Kang Y. Liquid Cathode Glow Discharge as an Excitation Source for the Analysis of Complex Water Samples with Atomic Emission Spectrometry. ACS OMEGA 2020; 5:19541-19547. [PMID: 32803048 PMCID: PMC7424731 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c01906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
A liquid cathode glow discharge (LCGD) was developed as a low-power and miniaturized excitation source of atomic emission spectrometry (AES) for the determination of K, Na, Ca, and Mg in water samples from rivers and lakes. The discharge stability and parameter influencing the analytical performance of LCGD-AES were systematically examined. Moreover, the measurement results of water samples using LCGD-AES were verified by ion chromatography (IC). The results showed that the optimized operating parameters are a 660 V discharge voltage, pH = 1.0 HNO3 as the supporting electrolyte, and a 4.0 mL min-1 solution flow rate. High concentrations of some metals may interfere with the detection of Ca and Mg. Low-molecular-weight organic substances do not have a remarkable enhancement on signal intensity. With the addition of 0.5% cetyltrimethylammonium chloride (CTAC), the emission intensity of elements can enhance significantly. However, it is not used to further evaluate the analytical performance due to instability of plasma after adding CTAC. The maximum power of LCGD is 52 W. The limits of detection and precision (RSD, in 1 mg L-1) of K, Na, Ca, and Mg are 0.20, 0.02, 0.01, and 0.01 mg L-1 and 0.9, 1.5, 0.6, and 1.2%, respectively. The measurement results of K, Na, Ca, and Mg in water samples by LCGD-AES are basically in agreement with the reference values measured by IC. The recovery of samples ranged from 84 to 113% except for Na, suggesting that the measurement results have high accuracy and reliability. All the results indicated that the LCGD-AES can provide an alternative analytical method for in situ, real-time, on-line determination of K, Na, Ca, and Mg in water samples from rivers and lakes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Yu
- College
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwest
Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Xiaomin Zhang
- College
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwest
Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Quanfang Lu
- College
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwest
Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, China
- Editorial
Department of the University Journal, Northwest
Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Ling Yin
- College
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwest
Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Feifei Feng
- College
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwest
Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Hui Luo
- College
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwest
Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Yuejing Kang
- College
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwest
Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, China
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19
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Greda K, Szymczycha-Madeja A, Pohl P. Study and reduction of matrix effects in flowing liquid anode - Atmospheric pressure glow discharge - Optical emission spectrometry. Anal Chim Acta 2020; 1123:81-90. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2020.05.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2020] [Revised: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 05/08/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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20
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Point discharge microplasma for the determination of mercury in Traditional Chinese Medicines by chemical vapor generation atomic emission spectrometry. Microchem J 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2020.104695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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21
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Simplified design for solution anode glow discharge atomic emission spectrometry device for highly sensitive detection of Ag, Bi, Cd, Hg, Pb, Tl, and Zn. Microchem J 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2020.104785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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22
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Lu Q, Feng FF, Yu J, Yin L, Kang YJ, Luo H, Sun D, Yang W. Determination of trace cadmium in zinc concentrate by liquid cathode glow discharge with a modified sampling system and addition of chemical modifiers for improved sensitivity. Microchem J 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2019.104308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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23
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Zheng P, Wang N, Wang J, Mao X, Lai C, Zhong C, Li W, Luo Y. Classification of bottled mineral waters using solution cathode glow discharge optical emission spectroscopy and chemometrics methods. Microchem J 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2019.104216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/07/2022]
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24
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Yang C, Chan GCY, He D, Liu Z, Deng Q, Zheng H, Hu S, Zhu Z. Highly Sensitive Determination of Arsenic and Antimony Based on an Interrupted Gas Flow Atmospheric Pressure Glow Discharge Excitation Source. Anal Chem 2018; 91:1912-1919. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.8b03944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Chun Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - George C.-Y. Chan
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Dong He
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Zhifu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Qisi Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Hongtao Zheng
- Faculty of Materials Science and Chemistry, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Shenghong Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Zhenli Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
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25
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Wei G, Liu X, Lu Y, Wang Z, Liu S, Ye G, Chen J. Microplasma Anode Meeting Molten Salt Electrochemistry: Charge Transfer and Atomic Emission Spectral Analysis. Anal Chem 2018; 90:13163-13166. [PMID: 30387345 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.8b02872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Molten salt electrolysis is normally conducted with solid anode, such as noble metal or graphite, which has defects such as high cost or emission of carbon oxide. Herein, we report that a microplasma based on atmospheric-pressure glow discharge could act as a kind of gaseous anode for electrolysis in molten salt. When the Ag/Ag+ redox couple was chosen as the research object, the microplasma anode could initiate charge-transfer reactions in the molten salt and Ag could be electrodeposited with current efficiency of above 90%. The microplasma anode has also shown excellent anticorrosive performance in both chloride and carbonate molten salt. Furthermore, the microplasma anode could potentially serve as an excitation source of atomic emission spectrometry (AES), making it possible to determine the concentration of Ag ions in the molten salt in situ and in real-time. With properties such as being carbon-free and having corrosion resistance and extensive utilization for analysis, the microplasma anode has opened a new direction for molten salt electrochemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoyu Wei
- Institute of Nuclear and New Energy Technology, Collaborative Innovation Centre of Advanced Nuclear Energy Technology, Beijing Key Lab of Radioactive Waste Treatment , Tsinghua University , Beijing , 100084 , People's Republic of China
| | - Xuegang Liu
- Institute of Nuclear and New Energy Technology, Collaborative Innovation Centre of Advanced Nuclear Energy Technology, Beijing Key Lab of Radioactive Waste Treatment , Tsinghua University , Beijing , 100084 , People's Republic of China
| | - Yuexiang Lu
- Institute of Nuclear and New Energy Technology, Collaborative Innovation Centre of Advanced Nuclear Energy Technology, Beijing Key Lab of Radioactive Waste Treatment , Tsinghua University , Beijing , 100084 , People's Republic of China
| | - Zhe Wang
- Institute of Nuclear and New Energy Technology, Collaborative Innovation Centre of Advanced Nuclear Energy Technology, Beijing Key Lab of Radioactive Waste Treatment , Tsinghua University , Beijing , 100084 , People's Republic of China
| | - Shuang Liu
- Institute of Nuclear and New Energy Technology, Collaborative Innovation Centre of Advanced Nuclear Energy Technology, Beijing Key Lab of Radioactive Waste Treatment , Tsinghua University , Beijing , 100084 , People's Republic of China
| | - Gang Ye
- Institute of Nuclear and New Energy Technology, Collaborative Innovation Centre of Advanced Nuclear Energy Technology, Beijing Key Lab of Radioactive Waste Treatment , Tsinghua University , Beijing , 100084 , People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Chen
- Institute of Nuclear and New Energy Technology, Collaborative Innovation Centre of Advanced Nuclear Energy Technology, Beijing Key Lab of Radioactive Waste Treatment , Tsinghua University , Beijing , 100084 , People's Republic of China
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26
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Zheng P, Zhai X, Wang J, Tang P. Analytical Characterization of a Solution Cathode Glow Discharge with an Interference Filter Wheel for Spectral Discrimination. ANAL LETT 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/00032719.2017.1421213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Peichao Zheng
- Chongqing Municipal Level Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic Information Sensing and Transmitting Technology, College of Optoelectronic Engineering, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiang Zhai
- Chongqing Municipal Level Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic Information Sensing and Transmitting Technology, College of Optoelectronic Engineering, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Chongqing, China
| | - Jinmei Wang
- Chongqing Municipal Level Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic Information Sensing and Transmitting Technology, College of Optoelectronic Engineering, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Chongqing, China
| | - Pengfei Tang
- Chongqing Municipal Level Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic Information Sensing and Transmitting Technology, College of Optoelectronic Engineering, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Chongqing, China
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27
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Yu J, Zhu S, Lu Q, Zhang Z, Sun D, Zhang X, Wang X, Yang W. Liquid Cathode Glow Discharge as a Microplasma Excitation Source for Atomic Emission Spectrometry for the Determination of Trace Heavy Metals in Ore Samples. ANAL LETT 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/00032719.2017.1406492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jie Yu
- Key Laboratory of Bioelectrochemistry and Environmental Analysis of Gansu Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Shuwen Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Bioelectrochemistry and Environmental Analysis of Gansu Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Quanfang Lu
- Key Laboratory of Bioelectrochemistry and Environmental Analysis of Gansu Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, China
- Editorial Department of the University Journal, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Zhichao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Bioelectrochemistry and Environmental Analysis of Gansu Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Duixiong Sun
- Key Laboratory of Bioelectrochemistry and Environmental Analysis of Gansu Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xiaomin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Bioelectrochemistry and Environmental Analysis of Gansu Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xing Wang
- Key Laboratory of Bioelectrochemistry and Environmental Analysis of Gansu Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Wu Yang
- Key Laboratory of Bioelectrochemistry and Environmental Analysis of Gansu Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, China
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28
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Do VK, Yamamoto M, Taguchi S, Takamura Y, Surugaya N, Kuno T. Quantitative determination of total cesium in highly active liquid waste by using liquid electrode plasma optical emission spectrometry. Talanta 2018; 183:283-289. [PMID: 29567177 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2018.02.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2017] [Revised: 02/05/2018] [Accepted: 02/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
A sensitive analytical method for determination of total cesium (Cs) in highly active liquid waste (HALW) by using modified liquid electrode plasma optical emission spectrometry (LEP-OES) is developed in this study. The instrument is modified to measure radioactive samples in a glove box. The effects of important factors, including pulsed voltage sequence and nitric acid concentration, on the emission of Cs are investigated. The limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ) are 0.005 mg/L and 0.02 mg/L, respectively. The achieved LOD is one order lower than that of recently developed spectroscopic methods using liquid discharge plasma. The developed method is validated by subjecting a simulated HALW sample to inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). The recoveries obtained from a spike-and-recovery test are 96-102%, implying good accuracy. The method is successfully applied to the quantification of Cs in a real HALW sample at the Tokai reprocessing plant in Japan. Apart from dilution and filtration of the HALW sample, no other pre-treatment process is required. The results agree well with the values obtained using gamma spectrometry. The developed method offers a reliable technique for rapid analysis of total Cs in HALW samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Van-Khoai Do
- Tokai Reprocessing Technology Development Center, Nuclear Fuel Cycle Engineering Laboratories, Japan Atomic Energy Agency (JAEA), 4-33 Muramatsu, Tokaimura, Naka, Ibaraki, Japan.
| | - Masahiko Yamamoto
- Tokai Reprocessing Technology Development Center, Nuclear Fuel Cycle Engineering Laboratories, Japan Atomic Energy Agency (JAEA), 4-33 Muramatsu, Tokaimura, Naka, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Shigeo Taguchi
- Tokai Reprocessing Technology Development Center, Nuclear Fuel Cycle Engineering Laboratories, Japan Atomic Energy Agency (JAEA), 4-33 Muramatsu, Tokaimura, Naka, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Yuzuru Takamura
- School of Materials Science, Japan Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (JAIST), Nomi, Ishikawa 923-1211, Japan
| | - Naoki Surugaya
- Tokai Reprocessing Technology Development Center, Nuclear Fuel Cycle Engineering Laboratories, Japan Atomic Energy Agency (JAEA), 4-33 Muramatsu, Tokaimura, Naka, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Takehiko Kuno
- Tokai Reprocessing Technology Development Center, Nuclear Fuel Cycle Engineering Laboratories, Japan Atomic Energy Agency (JAEA), 4-33 Muramatsu, Tokaimura, Naka, Ibaraki, Japan
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29
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Kiss A, Gaspar A. Fabrication of a Microfluidic Flame Atomic Emission Spectrometer: a Flame-on-a-Chip. Anal Chem 2018; 90:5995-6000. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.8b00774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Arpad Kiss
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, University of Debrecen, Egyetem ter 1., Debrecen 4032, Hungary
| | - Attila Gaspar
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, University of Debrecen, Egyetem ter 1., Debrecen 4032, Hungary
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30
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Rapid determination of indium in water samples using a portable solution cathode glow discharge-atomic emission spectrometer. Microchem J 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2017.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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31
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Zheng C, Hu L, Hou X, He B, Jiang G. Headspace Solid-Phase Microextraction Coupled to Miniaturized Microplasma Optical Emission Spectrometry for Detection of Mercury and Lead. Anal Chem 2018; 90:3683-3691. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.7b04759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Chengbin Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610064, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ligang Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiandeng Hou
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610064, People’s Republic of China
| | - Bin He
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, People’s Republic of China
| | - Guibin Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, People’s Republic of China
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32
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Sysoev AA, Karpov AV, Milyaeva VV, Sysoev AA. Novel approach to constructing laser ionization elemental time-of-flight mass spectrometer. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY (CHICHESTER, ENGLAND) 2018; 24:96-107. [PMID: 29160094 DOI: 10.1177/1469066717743044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The main advantages of laser sampling are associated with following features: sample preparations as well as consumables are not needed, low risk of sample contamination, good spatial resolution. In mass spectrometry, high laser irradiance can be used for both ablation and ionization processes. The method is especially profitable in time-of-flight mass spectrometry. A new principle of constructing laser ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometer based on wedge-shaped ion mirrors and the absence of electrostatic ion acceleration before mass analysis is discussed. Among advantages of the analyzer there are ability to provide temporal focusing of ions in a wide energy range (±20%), compactness of the analyzer, and minimization of the requirements for power supplies. The approach is expected to be profitable for standardless elemental analysis of solid samples, which should be possible at laser irradiation power density more than 3 × 109 W/cm2 that ensures complete ionization of all elements in a laser plasma. The analytical signal of each element is formed as the sum of the signals for all charge states and the energy scan of the mass spectra is provided.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Alexey A Sysoev
- 65012 National Research Nuclear University MEPHI , Moscow, Russia
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33
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Determination of calcium and zinc in gluconates oral solution and blood samples by liquid cathode glow discharge-atomic emission spectrometry. Talanta 2017; 175:150-157. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2017.07.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2017] [Revised: 07/09/2017] [Accepted: 07/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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34
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A portable solution cathode glow discharge-atomic emission spectrometer for the rapid determination of thallium in water samples. Talanta 2017; 173:88-93. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2017.05.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2017] [Revised: 05/17/2017] [Accepted: 05/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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35
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Flow Injection Photochemical Vapor Generation Coupled with Miniaturized Solution-Cathode Glow Discharge Atomic Emission Spectrometry for Determination and Speciation Analysis of Mercury. Anal Chem 2017; 89:10353-10360. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.7b02214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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36
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Critical evaluation of recent achievements in low power glow discharge generated at atmospheric pressure between a flowing liquid cathode and a metallic anode for element analysis by optical emission spectrometry. Trends Analyt Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2017.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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37
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Yu J, Yang S, Lu Q, Sun D, Zheng J, Zhang X, Wang X, Yang W. Evaluation of liquid cathode glow discharge-atomic emission spectrometry for determination of copper and lead in ores samples. Talanta 2017; 164:216-221. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2016.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2016] [Revised: 10/20/2016] [Accepted: 11/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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38
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Leng AQ, Tian YF, Wang MX, Wu L, Xu KL, Hou XD, Zheng CB. A sensitive and compact mercury analyzer by integrating dielectric barrier discharge induced cold vapor generation and optical emission spectrometry. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2016.06.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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39
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Mo J, Zhou L, Li X, Li Q, Wang L, Wang Z. On-line separation and pre-concentration on a mesoporous silica-grafted graphene oxide adsorbent coupled with solution cathode glow discharge-atomic emission spectrometry for the determination of lead. Microchem J 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2016.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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40
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Atmospheric-pressure solution-cathode glow discharge: A versatile ion source for atomic and molecular mass spectrometry. Anal Chim Acta 2017; 950:119-128. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2016.10.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2016] [Revised: 10/28/2016] [Accepted: 10/31/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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41
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Leng A, Lin Y, Tian Y, Wu L, Jiang X, Hou X, Zheng C. Pump- and Valve-Free Flow Injection Capillary Liquid Electrode Discharge Optical Emission Spectrometry Coupled to a Droplet Array Platform. Anal Chem 2016; 89:703-710. [PMID: 27982564 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.6b03185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Anqin Leng
- Key
Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology, Ministry of Education,
College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610064, China
| | - Yao Lin
- Key
Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology, Ministry of Education,
College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610064, China
| | - Yunfei Tian
- Analytical
and Testing Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610064, China
| | - Li Wu
- Analytical
and Testing Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610064, China
| | - Xiaoming Jiang
- Analytical
and Testing Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610064, China
| | - Xiandeng Hou
- Key
Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology, Ministry of Education,
College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610064, China
- Analytical
and Testing Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610064, China
| | - Chengbin Zheng
- Key
Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology, Ministry of Education,
College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610064, China
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42
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Schwartz AJ, Shelley JT, Walton CL, Williams KL, Hieftje GM. Atmospheric-pressure ionization and fragmentation of peptides by solution-cathode glow discharge. Chem Sci 2016; 7:6440-6449. [PMID: 28451101 PMCID: PMC5356034 DOI: 10.1039/c6sc02032a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2016] [Accepted: 06/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Modern "-omics" (e.g., proteomics, glycomics, metabolomics, etc.) analyses rely heavily on electrospray ionization and tandem mass spectrometry to determine the structural identity of target species. Unfortunately, these methods are limited to specialized mass spectrometry instrumentation. Here, a novel approach is described that enables ionization and controlled, tunable fragmentation of peptides at atmospheric pressure. In the new source, a direct-current plasma is sustained between a tapered metal rod and a flowing sample-containing solution. As the liquid stream contacts the electrical discharge, peptides from the solution are volatilized, ionized, and fragmented. At high discharge currents (e.g., 70 mA), electrospray-like spectra are observed, dominated by singly and doubly protonated molecular ions. At lower currents (35 mA), many peptides exhibit extensive fragmentation, with a-, b-, c-, x-, and y-type ion series present as well as complex fragments, such as d-type ions, not previously observed with atmospheric-pressure dissociation. Though the mechanism of fragmentation is currently unclear, observations indicate it could result from the interaction of peptides with gas-phase radicals or ultraviolet radiation generated within the plasma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J Schwartz
- Department of Chemistry , Indiana University , Bloomington , IN 47405 , USA . ; Tel: +1-330-672-2986
| | - Jacob T Shelley
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , Kent State University , Kent , OH 44242 , USA
| | - Courtney L Walton
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , Kent State University , Kent , OH 44242 , USA
| | - Kelsey L Williams
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , Kent State University , Kent , OH 44242 , USA
| | - Gary M Hieftje
- Department of Chemistry , Indiana University , Bloomington , IN 47405 , USA . ; Tel: +1-330-672-2986
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43
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Yu J, Yang S, Sun D, Lu Q, Zheng J, Zhang X, Wang X. Simultaneously determination of multi metal elements in water samples by liquid cathode glow discharge-atomic emission spectrometry. Microchem J 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2016.05.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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44
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Yang C, Wang L, Zhu Z, Jin L, Zheng H, Belshaw NS, Hu S. Evaluation of flow injection-solution cathode glow discharge-atomic emission spectrometry for the determination of major elements in brines. Talanta 2016; 155:314-20. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2016.04.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2016] [Revised: 04/23/2016] [Accepted: 04/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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45
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Yuan X, Zhan X, Li X, Zhao Z, Duan Y. Matrix-Assisted Plasma Atomization Emission Spectrometry for Surface Sampling Elemental Analysis. Sci Rep 2016; 6:19417. [PMID: 26762972 PMCID: PMC4725919 DOI: 10.1038/srep19417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2015] [Accepted: 07/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
An innovative technology has been developed involving a simple and sensitive optical spectrometric method termed matrix-assisted plasma atomization emission spectrometry (MAPAES) for surface sampling elemental analysis using a piece of filter paper (FP) for sample introduction. MAPAES was carried out by direct interaction of the plasma tail plume with the matrix surface. The FP absorbs energy from the plasma source and releases combustion heating to the analytes originally present on its surface, thus to promote the atomization and excitation process. The matrix-assisted plasma atomization excitation phenomenon was observed for multiple elements. The FP matrix served as the partial energy producer and also the sample substrate to adsorb sample solution. Qualitative and quantitative determinations of metal ions were achieved by atomic emission measurements for elements Ba, Cu, Eu, In, Mn, Ni, Rh and Y. The detection limits were down to pg level with linear correlation coefficients better than 0.99. The proposed MAPAES provides a new way for atomic spectrometry which offers advantages of fast analysis speed, little sample consumption, less sample pretreatment, small size, and cost-effective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Yuan
- Research Center of Analytical Instrumentation, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China, 610064
| | - Xuefang Zhan
- Research Center of Analytical Instrumentation, Key Laboratory of Bio-resource and Eco-environment, Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China, 610064
| | - Xuemei Li
- Research Center of Analytical Instrumentation, Key Laboratory of Bio-resource and Eco-environment, Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China, 610064
| | - Zhongjun Zhao
- Research Center of Analytical Instrumentation, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China, 610064
| | - Yixiang Duan
- Research Center of Analytical Instrumentation, Key Laboratory of Bio-resource and Eco-environment, Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China, 610064
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46
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Cold excitation and determination of hydrogen sulfide by dielectric barrier discharge molecular emission spectrometry. Talanta 2015; 144:734-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2015.07.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2015] [Revised: 06/30/2015] [Accepted: 07/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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47
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Zhang S, Luo H, Peng M, Tian Y, Hou X, Jiang X, Zheng C. Determination of Hg, Fe, Ni, and Co by Miniaturized Optical Emission Spectrometry Integrated with Flow Injection Photochemical Vapor Generation and Point Discharge. Anal Chem 2015; 87:10712-8. [PMID: 26435073 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.5b02820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
A compact and robust OES technique was developed for the sensitive determination of Hg, Fe, Ni, and Co by utilizing photochemical vapor generation and point discharge as the sampling technique and the excitation source, respectively. Mercury cold vapor and the volatile species of Fe, Ni, and Co were generated when standard or sample solutions containing formic acid were exposed to a UV photochemical reactor and subsequently separated from the liquid phase for transport to the microplasma and detection of their atomic emission. Limits of detection (LODs) of 0.10, 10, 0.20, and 4.5 μg L(-1) were obtained for Hg, Fe, Ni and Co, respectively. Compared to conventional microplasma OES, this method not only broadens the scope of elements amenable to determination, but also provides 2- and 7-fold improvement in the LODs for Hg and Ni, respectively. Method validation was demonstrated by analysis of three Certified Reference Materials (GBW08607, DORM-3, and DORM-4) with satisfactory results, and by good spike recoveries (93-111%) from three real water samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology of MOE, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University , Chengdu, Sichuan 610064, China
| | - Hong Luo
- Analytical & Testing Center, Sichuan University , Chengdu, Sichuan 610064, China
| | - Mengting Peng
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology of MOE, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University , Chengdu, Sichuan 610064, China
| | - Yunfei Tian
- Analytical & Testing Center, Sichuan University , Chengdu, Sichuan 610064, China
| | - Xiandeng Hou
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology of MOE, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University , Chengdu, Sichuan 610064, China.,Analytical & Testing Center, Sichuan University , Chengdu, Sichuan 610064, China
| | - Xiaoming Jiang
- Analytical & Testing Center, Sichuan University , Chengdu, Sichuan 610064, China
| | - Chengbin Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology of MOE, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University , Chengdu, Sichuan 610064, China
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48
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Lu Y, Ren Z, Yuan H, Wang Z, Yu B, Chen J. Atmospheric-pressure microplasma as anode for rapid and simple electrochemical deposition of copper and cuprous oxide nanostructures. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra10145j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Atmospheric-pressure microplasma could be applied as gaseous anode for transferring positive charges and controllably electrodepositing Cu and Cu2O nanocrystals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuexiang Lu
- Institute of Nuclear and New Energy Technology
- Tsinghua University
- Beijing 100084
- China
- Beijing Key Lab of Radioactive Waste Treatment
| | - Zhonghua Ren
- Institute of Nuclear and New Energy Technology
- Tsinghua University
- Beijing 100084
- China
- Beijing Key Lab of Radioactive Waste Treatment
| | - Hang Yuan
- Institute of Nuclear and New Energy Technology
- Tsinghua University
- Beijing 100084
- China
- Beijing Key Lab of Radioactive Waste Treatment
| | - Zhe Wang
- Institute of Nuclear and New Energy Technology
- Tsinghua University
- Beijing 100084
- China
- Beijing Key Lab of Radioactive Waste Treatment
| | - Bo Yu
- Institute of Nuclear and New Energy Technology
- Tsinghua University
- Beijing 100084
- China
- Beijing Key Lab of Radioactive Waste Treatment
| | - Jing Chen
- Institute of Nuclear and New Energy Technology
- Tsinghua University
- Beijing 100084
- China
- Beijing Key Lab of Radioactive Waste Treatment
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49
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Cai Y, Li SH, Dou S, Yu YL, Wang JH. Metal Carbonyl Vapor Generation Coupled with Dielectric Barrier Discharge To Avoid Plasma Quench for Optical Emission Spectrometry. Anal Chem 2014; 87:1366-72. [DOI: 10.1021/ac5042457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Shao-Hua Li
- Hebei First Environmental
Protection Technology Co., LTD, Shijiazhuang 050035, China
| | | | | | - Jian-Hua Wang
- Collaborative
Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tianjin 300071, China
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50
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Li Q, Zhang Z, Wang Z. Determination of Hg2+ by on-line separation and pre-concentration with atmospheric-pressure solution-cathode glow discharge atomic emission spectrometry. Anal Chim Acta 2014; 845:7-14. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2014.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2014] [Revised: 08/05/2014] [Accepted: 08/07/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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