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Wang Y, Zhu G, Wang M, Wu J, Fu D, Xie Q, Shi Q, Xu C, Han Y. Discovery of novel cage compounds of diamondoids using multi-dimensional mass spectrometry. Chem Eng Sci 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ces.2023.118677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/30/2023]
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Vrkoslav V, Horká P, Jindřich J, Buděšínský M, Cvačka J. Silver Ion High-Performance Liquid Chromatography-Atmospheric Pressure Chemical Ionization Mass Spectrometry: A Tool for Analyzing Cuticular Hydrocarbons. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28093794. [PMID: 37175204 PMCID: PMC10179885 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28093794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Revised: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Aliphatic hydrocarbons (HCs) are usually analyzed by gas chromatography (GC) or matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) mass spectrometry. However, analyzing long-chain HCs by GC is difficult because of their low volatility and the risk of decomposition at high temperatures. MALDI cannot distinguish between isomeric HCs. An alternative approach based on silver ion high-performance liquid chromatography (Ag-HPLC) is shown here. The separation of HC standards and cuticular HCs was accomplished using two ChromSpher Lipids columns connected in series. A gradient elution of the analytes was optimized using mobile phases prepared from hexane (or isooctane) and acetonitrile, 2-propanol, or toluene. HCs were detected by atmospheric pressure chemical ionization mass spectrometry (APCI-MS). Good separation of the analytes according to the number of double bonds, cis/trans geometry, and position of double bonds was achieved. The retention times increased with the number of double bonds, and trans isomers eluted ahead of cis isomers. The mobile phase significantly affected the mass spectra of HCs. Depending on the mobile phase composition, deprotonated molecules, molecular ions, protonated molecules, and various solvent-related adducts of HCs were observed. The optimized Ag-HPLC/APCI-MS was applied for characterizing cuticular HCs from a flesh fly, Neobellieria bullata, and cockroach, Periplaneta americana. The method made it possible to detect a significantly higher number of HCs than previously reported for GC or MALDI-MS. Unsaturated HCs were frequently detected as isomers differing by double-bond position(s). Minor HCs with trans double bonds were found beside the prevailing cis isomers. Ag-HPLC/APCI-MS has great potential to become a new tool in chemical ecology for studying cuticular HCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimír Vrkoslav
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo Náměstí 542/2, 160 00 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Petra Horká
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo Náměstí 542/2, 160 00 Prague, Czech Republic
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Hlavova 2030/8, 128 00 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jindřich Jindřich
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Hlavova 2030/8, 128 00 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Miloš Buděšínský
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo Náměstí 542/2, 160 00 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Josef Cvačka
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo Náměstí 542/2, 160 00 Prague, Czech Republic
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Hlavova 2030/8, 128 00 Prague, Czech Republic
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Ye L, Liu J, Xing B, Qin X, Yu W, Xie J, Hou L, Wang H, Ji Y, Lu D. Molecular-level reaction network in delayed coking process based on structure-oriented lumping. Chem Eng Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ces.2021.116981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Manheim JM, Milton JR, Zhang Y, Kenttämaa HI. Fragmentation of Saturated Hydrocarbons upon Atmospheric Pressure Chemical Ionization Is Caused by Proton-Transfer Reactions. Anal Chem 2020; 92:8883-8892. [PMID: 32453940 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.0c00681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy M. Manheim
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, 560 Oval Drive, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Jacob R. Milton
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, 560 Oval Drive, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Y. Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, 560 Oval Drive, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Hilkka I. Kenttämaa
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, 560 Oval Drive, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
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Chen X, Shi Q, Zhou X, Liu X. Molecular characterization of aldehydes and ketones in particle phase of mainstream and sidestream cigarette smoke. ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE 2019; 6:181832. [PMID: 30891292 PMCID: PMC6408401 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.181832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2018] [Accepted: 01/14/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Aldehydes and ketones (AKs) in cigarette smoke are risk to humans and environment. Due to the complexity of itself and the interference of the smoke tar matrix, the aldehydes and ketones in particle phase (AKPs) of mainstream smoke (MSS) and sidestream smoke (SSS) have not been well investigated. In this study, the AKPs of MSS and SSS were derivatized into polar products by reaction with Girard T reagent. The derivatives were isolated rapidly by column chromatography and analysed by Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FT-ICR MS). Fifteen species of aldehydes and ketones were detected by positive ion electrospray ionization (ESI) FT-ICR MS: O1-6, N1O1-4, N2O1-3 and N3O2-3. The total number of AKPs obtained by ESI FT-ICR MS in MSS and SSS is about 1100 and 970, respectively. After hydrolysis, the original AKPs were obtained and 63 carbonyls were identified and quantified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GCMS). The nitrogen-containing and high-oxygen AKPs were further characterized by Orbitrap mass spectrometry. Structures of compounds with high relative abundance in the mass spectrum were speculated (e.g. a series of degradants of cembrenediol) by comparison with the results of GCMS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiu Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, China University of Petroleum, Beijing 102249, People's Republic of China
| | - Quan Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, China University of Petroleum, Beijing 102249, People's Republic of China
| | - Xibin Zhou
- College of Basic Science, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning 121001, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuezheng Liu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning 121001, People's Republic of China
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Liu FJ, Fan M, Wei XY, Zong ZM. Application of mass spectrometry in the characterization of chemicals in coal-derived liquids. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2017; 36:543-579. [PMID: 27074547 DOI: 10.1002/mas.21504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2015] [Accepted: 03/10/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Coal-derived liquids (CDLs) are primarily generated from pyrolysis, carbonization, gasification, direct liquefaction, low-temperature extraction, thermal dissolution, and mild oxidation. CDLs are important feedstocks for producing value-added chemicals and clean liquid fuels as well as high performance carbon materials. Accordingly, the compositional characterization of chemicals in CDLs at the molecular level with advanced analytical techniques is significant for the efficient utilization of CDLs. Although reviews on advancements have been rarely reported, great progress has been achieved in this area by using gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS), two-dimensional GC-time of flight mass spectrometry (GC × GC-TOFMS), and Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FT-ICR MS). This review focuses on characterizing hydrocarbon, oxygen-containing, nitrogen-containing, sulfur-containing, and halogen-containing chemicals in various CDLs with these three mass spectrometry techniques. Small molecular (< 500 u), volatile and semi-volatile, and less polar chemicals in CDLs have been identified with GC/MS and GC × GC-TOFMS. By equipped with two-dimensional GC, GC × GC-TOFMS can achieve a clearly chromatographic separation of complex chemicals in CDLs without prior fractionation, and thus can overcome the disadvantages of co-elution and serious peak overlap in GC/MS analysis, providing much more compositional information. With ultrahigh resolving power and mass accuracy, FT-ICR MS reveals a huge number of compositionally distinct compounds assigned to various chemical classes in CDLs. It shows excellent performance in resolving and characterizing higher-molecular, less volatile, and polar chemicals that cannot be detected by GC/MS and GC × GC-TOFMS. The application of GC × GC-TOFMS and FT-ICR MS to chemical characterization of CDLs is not as prevalent as that of petroleum and largely remains to be developed in many respects. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Mass Spec Rev 36:543-579, 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang-Jing Liu
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY 82071
- Key Laboratory of Coal Processing and Efficient Utilization, Ministry of Education, China University of Mining & Technology, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221116, China
| | - Maohong Fan
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY 82071
- School of Energy Resources, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY 82071
| | - Xian-Yong Wei
- Key Laboratory of Coal Processing and Efficient Utilization, Ministry of Education, China University of Mining & Technology, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221116, China
| | - Zhi-Min Zong
- Key Laboratory of Coal Processing and Efficient Utilization, Ministry of Education, China University of Mining & Technology, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221116, China
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Jin C, Viidanoja J, Li M, Zhang Y, Ikonen E, Root A, Romanczyk M, Manheim J, Dziekonski E, Kenttämaa HI. Comparison of Atmospheric Pressure Chemical Ionization and Field Ionization Mass Spectrometry for the Analysis of Large Saturated Hydrocarbons. Anal Chem 2016; 88:10592-10598. [PMID: 27700066 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.6b02789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Chunfen Jin
- Department
of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
- Technology
Centre, Neste Corporation, P.O. Box 310, FI-06101 Porvoo, Finland
| | - Jyrki Viidanoja
- Technology
Centre, Neste Corporation, P.O. Box 310, FI-06101 Porvoo, Finland
| | - Mingzhe Li
- Department
of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Yuyang Zhang
- Department
of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Elias Ikonen
- Technology
Centre, Neste Corporation, P.O. Box 310, FI-06101 Porvoo, Finland
| | - Andrew Root
- MagSol, Tuhkanummenkuja 2, FI-00970 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Mark Romanczyk
- Department
of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Jeremy Manheim
- Department
of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Eric Dziekonski
- Department
of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Hilkka I. Kenttämaa
- Department
of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
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Lu J, Zhang Y, Shi Q. Ionizing Aromatic Compounds in Petroleum by Electrospray with HCOONH4 as Ionization Promoter. Anal Chem 2016; 88:3471-5. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.6b00022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jincheng Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy
Oil Processing, China University of Petroleum, Beijing 102249, China
| | - Yahe Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy
Oil Processing, China University of Petroleum, Beijing 102249, China
| | - Quan Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy
Oil Processing, China University of Petroleum, Beijing 102249, China
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Cho Y, Ahmed A, Islam A, Kim S. Developments in FT-ICR MS instrumentation, ionization techniques, and data interpretation methods for petroleomics. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2015; 34:248-263. [PMID: 24942384 DOI: 10.1002/mas.21438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2012] [Revised: 11/25/2013] [Accepted: 03/26/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Because of the increasing importance of heavy and unconventional crude oil as an energy source, there is a growing need for petroleomics: the pursuit of more complete and detailed knowledge of the chemical compositions of crude oil. Crude oil has an extremely complex nature; hence, techniques with ultra-high resolving capabilities, such as Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FT-ICR MS), are necessary. FT-ICR MS has been successfully applied to the study of heavy and unconventional crude oils such as bitumen and shale oil. However, the analysis of crude oil with FT-ICR MS is not trivial, and it has pushed analysis to the limits of instrumental and methodological capabilities. For example, high-resolution mass spectra of crude oils may contain over 100,000 peaks that require interpretation. To visualize large data sets more effectively, data processing methods such as Kendrick mass defect analysis and statistical analyses have been developed. The successful application of FT-ICR MS to the study of crude oil has been critically dependent on key developments in FT-ICR MS instrumentation and data processing methods. This review offers an introduction to the basic principles, FT-ICR MS instrumentation development, ionization techniques, and data interpretation methods for petroleomics and is intended for readers having no prior experience in this field of study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunju Cho
- Department of Chemistry, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 702-701, Korea
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Ruthenium Ion-Catalyzed Oxidation for Petroleum Molecule Structural Features: A Review. STRUCTURE AND MODELING OF COMPLEX PETROLEUM MIXTURES 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/430_2015_180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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Cho Y, Qi Y, O'Connor PB, Barrow MP, Kim S. Application of phase correction to improve the interpretation of crude oil spectra obtained using 7 T Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2014; 25:154-157. [PMID: 24096877 DOI: 10.1007/s13361-013-0747-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2013] [Revised: 08/29/2013] [Accepted: 09/03/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
In this study, a phase-correction technique was applied to the study of crude oil spectra obtained using a 7 T Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FT-ICR MS). 7 T FT-ICR MS had not been widely used for oil analysis due to the lower resolving power compared with high field FT-ICR MS. For low field instruments, usage of data that has not been phase-corrected results in an inability to resolve critical mass splits of C3 and SH4 (3.4 mDa), and (13)C and CH (4.5 mDa). This results in incorrect assignments of molecular formulae, and discontinuous double bond equivalents (DBE) and carbon number distributions of S1, S2, and hydrocarbon classes are obtained. Application of phase correction to the same data, however, improves the reliability of assignments and produces continuous DBE and carbon number distributions. Therefore, this study clearly demonstrates that phase correction improves data analysis and the reliability of assignments of molecular formulae in crude oil anlayses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunju Cho
- Department of Chemistry, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 702-701, Republic of Korea
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Zhou X, Zhang Y, Zhao S, Hsu CS, Shi Q. Observation of CO2 and solvent adduct ions during negative mode electrospray ionization Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometric analysis of monohydric alcohols. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2013; 27:2581-2587. [PMID: 24591018 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.6721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2013] [Revised: 08/15/2013] [Accepted: 08/25/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Monohydric alcohols are common in natural products, bio-oils, and medicine. We have found that monohydric alcohols can form O3 (ions containing three oxygen atoms) and O4 adduct ions in negative electrospray ionization (ESI) Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FT-ICR MS), which would significantly affect the composition analysis of alcohols, especially in a complex mixture. It is necessary to study the reaction pathways and the method to eliminate or reduce the 'artifact' adducts. METHODS Octadecanol, cholesterol, squalanol and two complex monohydric alcohol mixtures were selected as model compounds. These samples were subjected to negative ion ESI FT-ICR MS analysis. The composition and formation mechanism of adducts were studied by the ultrahigh-resolution accurate mass measurement for elemental composition, along with the MS(2) isolation and collision-induced dissociation (CID) experiments for structural determination. RESULTS The reaction pathway of O3 adduct formation is the coupling of a monohydric alcohol ion with a CO2 to form a stable O3 ionic species by likely a covalent bond (source of CO2 is not clear). The O4 species are formed by O3 ionic species adducted with an alcohol molecule of the solvent, such as methanol or ethanol, by likely a hydrogen bond. These adduct ions could be eliminated or reduced by increasing collision energy. However, excessive collision energy would fragment monohydric alcohol ions. CONCLUSIONS The formation mechanisms of O3 and O4 adducts from monohydric alcohols in negative ion ESI FT-ICR MS were proposed. The solvent adduction effects can be eliminated or reduced by optimizing the collision energy of CID in FT-ICR MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xibin Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, China University of Petroleum, Beijing, 102249, China; College of Pharmacy, Liaoning Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning, 121001, China
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Da Costa C, Reynolds JC, Whitmarsh S, Lynch T, Creaser CS. The quantitative surface analysis of an antioxidant additive in a lubricant oil matrix by desorption electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2013; 27:2420-2424. [PMID: 24097398 PMCID: PMC3824236 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.6690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2013] [Revised: 07/16/2013] [Accepted: 07/18/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Chemical additives are incorporated into commercial lubricant oils to modify the physical and chemical properties of the lubricant. The quantitative analysis of additives in oil-based lubricants deposited on a surface without extraction of the sample from the surface presents a challenge. The potential of desorption electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (DESI-MS) for the quantitative surface analysis of an oil additive in a complex oil lubricant matrix without sample extraction has been evaluated. METHODS The quantitative surface analysis of the antioxidant additive octyl (4-hydroxy-3,5-di-tert-butylphenyl)propionate in an oil lubricant matrix was carried out by DESI-MS in the presence of 2-(pentyloxy)ethyl 3-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propionate as an internal standard. A quadrupole/time-of-flight mass spectrometer fitted with an in-house modified ion source enabling non-proximal DESI-MS was used for the analyses. RESULTS An eight-point calibration curve ranging from 1 to 80 µg/spot of octyl (4-hydroxy-3,5-di-tert-butylphenyl)propionate in an oil lubricant matrix and in the presence of the internal standard was used to determine the quantitative response of the DESI-MS method. The sensitivity and repeatability of the technique were assessed by conducting replicate analyses at each concentration. The limit of detection was determined to be 11 ng/mm(2) additive on spot with relative standard deviations in the range 3-14%. CONCLUSIONS The application of DESI-MS to the direct, quantitative surface analysis of a commercial lubricant additive in a native oil lubricant matrix is demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caitlyn Da Costa
- Centre for Analytical Science, Department of Chemistry, Loughborough UniversityLoughborough, LE11 3TU, UK
| | - James C Reynolds
- Centre for Analytical Science, Department of Chemistry, Loughborough UniversityLoughborough, LE11 3TU, UK
| | - Samuel Whitmarsh
- Castrol, Technology CentreWhitchurch Hill, Pangbourne, Reading, RG8 7QR, UK
| | - Tom Lynch
- Castrol, Technology CentreWhitchurch Hill, Pangbourne, Reading, RG8 7QR, UK
| | - Colin S Creaser
- Centre for Analytical Science, Department of Chemistry, Loughborough UniversityLoughborough, LE11 3TU, UK
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Characterization of heavy petroleum fraction by positive-ion electrospray ionization FT-ICR mass spectrometry and collision induced dissociation: Bond dissociation behavior and aromatic ring architecture of basic nitrogen compounds. Sci China Chem 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s11426-013-4899-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Sutton P, Rowland S. High temperature gas chromatography–time-of-flight-mass spectrometry (HTGC–ToF-MS) for high-boiling compounds. J Chromatogr A 2012; 1243:69-80. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2012.04.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2012] [Revised: 04/10/2012] [Accepted: 04/15/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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