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Antimicrobial activity, phytochemical screening of crude extracts, and essential oils constituents of two Pulicaria spp. growing in Sudan. Sci Rep 2020; 10:17148. [PMID: 33051571 PMCID: PMC7555867 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-74262-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
The search for plant extracts with highly antimicrobial activity has been increased nowadays. This study evaluated the antimicrobial activity of Pulicaria crispa (Forsk.) Oliv., and Pulicaria undulata (L.) C.A.Mey., which have been used traditionally in Sudan as insect replants. The antimicrobial activity was evaluated against six pathogenic microorganisms, four bacteria (two Gram-positive; Bacillus subtilis and Staphylococcus aureus, two Gram-negative; Escherichia coli, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa), and two fungi (Aspergillus niger and Candida albicans) using disc diffusion method. The extraction of the crude extracts was done by maceration. The essential oils were extracted by hydro-distillation. Phytochemical screening was done using reference method. Essential oils were analyzed using Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry. The results indicated that all used the microorganisms were sensitive to the plants extracts. Results of the preliminary phytochemical screening showed the presence of saponins, comarins, tannins, sterols, and triterpenes, and absence of alkaloids, anthraquinones, and flavonoids. Twenty-eight and forty-five constituents were identified in P. crispa and P. undulata, essential oils, respectively. The main constituents in the essential oil of P. crispa were 1,4-ditert butylbenzene (22.81%), caryophyllene (13.19%), carvone (11.80%), and neryl(s)-2-methylbutanoate (10.33%), and for P. undulata were camphor (44.48%), and thymyl acetate (10.31%). Data from this study could be used for developing of natural bioactive agents to improve human health.
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Kiełbasa A, Krakowska A, Rafińska K, Buszewski B. Isolation and determination of saponin hydrolysis products from Medicago sativa using supercritical fluid extraction, solid-phase extraction and liquid chromatography with evaporative light scattering detection. J Sep Sci 2018; 42:465-474. [PMID: 30378747 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201800994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2018] [Revised: 10/19/2018] [Accepted: 10/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Saponins are widespread secondary metabolites with various beneficial properties: fungicidal, antibacterial, antiviral, and anticancer. Alfalfa saponin molecules contain mainly: medicagenic acid, hederagenin, bayogenin, and soyasapogenol B. Structural diversity of saponins makes their determination in Medicago sativa extracts very difficult. The most popular determination technique is high-performance liquid chromatography applied with evaporative light scattering detection. Qualitative and quantitative analysis of sapogenins from Medicago sativa by high-performance liquid chromatography with evaporative light scattering detection required hydrolysis and purification of extracts obtained by supercritical fluid extraction. Hydrolysis of saponins with concentrated hydrochloric acid provided high concentration of medicagenic acid. In the purification process, satisfactory results were obtained for solid-phase extraction using octadecyl. Recoveries were from 71 to 99% with a standard deviation from 2 to 8. Hydrolysis with concentrated hydrochloric acid was the only method that allowed identification of all four analyzed sapogenins. Moreover, it is characterized by a short time of preparation, simplicity of execution, a small amount of the sample and solvents. The hydrolysis and purification methods coupled with high-performance liquid chromatography and evaporative light scattering detection can be successfully used for qualitative and quantitative analysis of the main saponins present in Medicago sativa plant extracts obtained by supercritical fluid extraction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Kiełbasa
- Chair of Environmental Chemistry and Bioanalytics, Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Toruń, Poland
| | - Aneta Krakowska
- Chair of Environmental Chemistry and Bioanalytics, Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Toruń, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Rafińska
- Chair of Environmental Chemistry and Bioanalytics, Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Toruń, Poland.,Interdisciplinary Centre of Modern Technologies, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Toruń, Poland
| | - Bogusław Buszewski
- Chair of Environmental Chemistry and Bioanalytics, Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Toruń, Poland.,Interdisciplinary Centre of Modern Technologies, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Toruń, Poland
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Yakubu MT, Atoyebi AR. Brysocarpus coccineus (Schum & Thonn) root reinstates sexual competence and testicular function in paroxetine-induced sexual dysfunction in male Wistar rats. Andrologia 2018; 50:e12980. [PMID: 29468717 DOI: 10.1111/and.12980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The effects of aqueous extract of Brysocarpus coccineus roots (AEBCR) were studied on sexual behaviour and testicular function of paroxetine-induced sexual dysfunction (SD) in male rats. Ninety, sexually matured male rats (150.88 ± 5.53 g) were assigned into two groups: A and B. Fifteen SD animals from group B were each allotted to B1, B2, B3, B4 and B5 and received distilled water (DW), Powmax M (7.14 mg/kg body weight, b.w.) 50, 100 and 150 mg/kg b.w of AEBCR, respectively, for 7 days while the non-SD animals (group A) received DW. Eleven secondary metabolites were present in AEBCR. The lowered (p < .05) ejaculation frequency, penile erection index and penile grooming, higher mount and intromission frequencies, prolonged (p < .05) latencies of mount, intromission, ejaculation, and post-ejaculatory interval, reduced (p < .05) serum luteinising hormone, follicle stimulating hormone, testosterone, nitric oxide and testicular function indices, degenerated seminiferous tubules and low luminal spermatozoa contents by paroxetine were significantly (p < .05) attenuated and/or reinstated by AEBCR and Powmax M. The restoration of androgen-dependent sexual and testicular functions in SD male rats by AEBCR validates its folkloric use as aphrodisiac. Clinical studies are desirable to ascertain the efficacy of AEBCR in SD.
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Affiliation(s)
- M T Yakubu
- Phytopharmacology, Toxicology and Reproductive Biochemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Kwara State, Nigeria
| | - A R Atoyebi
- Phytopharmacology, Toxicology and Reproductive Biochemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Kwara State, Nigeria
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Pereira GM, Ribeiro MG, da Silva BP, Parente JP. Structural characterization of a new steroidal saponin from Agave angustifolia var. Marginata and a preliminary investigation of its in vivo antiulcerogenic activity and in vitro membrane permeability property. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2017; 27:4345-4349. [PMID: 28827111 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2017.08.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2017] [Revised: 08/09/2017] [Accepted: 08/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
A new furostane steroidal saponin was isolated from the leaves of Agave angustifolia var. marginata. On the basis of chemical conversions and spectroscopic analyses, its structure was established as 3-[O-β-d-glucopyranosyl-(1→3)-O-β-d-glucopyranosyl-(1→3)-O]-[O-6-deoxy-α-l-mannopyranosyl-(1→4)-β-d-xylopyranosyl-(1→2)-O-β-d-glucopyranosyl-(1→4)-β-d-galactopyranosyl)oxy]-(3β,5α,22α,25R)-26-(β-d-glucopyranosyloxy)-22-methoxy-furostane (1). Results of preliminary biological investigations indicated that compound 1 showed significant protective effects against induced gastric ulcers using in vivo experimental models and demonstrated negligible toxicity on membrane integrity in the in vitro assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Moysés Pereira
- Laboratório de Química de Plantas Medicinais, Instituto de Pesquisas de Produtos Naturais, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, P.O. Box 68045, CEP 21941-971 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Marcela Gonçalves Ribeiro
- Laboratório de Química de Plantas Medicinais, Instituto de Pesquisas de Produtos Naturais, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, P.O. Box 68045, CEP 21941-971 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Bernadete Pereira da Silva
- Laboratório de Química de Plantas Medicinais, Instituto de Pesquisas de Produtos Naturais, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, P.O. Box 68045, CEP 21941-971 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - José Paz Parente
- Laboratório de Química de Plantas Medicinais, Instituto de Pesquisas de Produtos Naturais, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, P.O. Box 68045, CEP 21941-971 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
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Ramalingam M, Kim SJ. Pharmacological Activities and Applications of Spicatoside A. Biomol Ther (Seoul) 2016; 24:469-74. [PMID: 27169821 PMCID: PMC5012870 DOI: 10.4062/biomolther.2015.214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2015] [Revised: 02/19/2016] [Accepted: 03/03/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Liriopogons (Liriope and Opiopogon) species are used as a main medicinal ingredient in several Asian countries. The Liriopes Radix (tuber, root of Liriope platyphylla) has to be a promising candidate due to their source of phytochemicals. Steroidal saponins and their glycosides, phenolic compounds, secondary metabolites are considered of active constituents in Liriopes Radix. Spicatoside A, a steroidal saponin, could be more efficacious drug candidate in future. In this review, we summarized the available knowledge on phytochemical and pharmacological activities for spicatoside A. It significantly suppressed the level of NF-κB, NO, iNOS, Cox-2, IL-1β, IL-6 and MAPKs in LPS-stimulated inflammation. The production of MUC5AC mucin was increased. MMP-13 expression was down-regulated in IL-1β-treated cells and reduced glycosaminoglycan release from IL-1α-treated cells. The neurite outgrowth activity, PI3K, Akt, ERK1/2, TrkA and CREB phosphorylation and neurotropic factors such as NGF and BDNF were upregulated with increased latency time. It also showed cell growth inhibitory activity on various carcinoma cells. From this, spicatoside A exerts anti-inflammation, anti-asthma, anti-osteoclastogenesis, neurite outgrowth, memory consolidation and anticancer activities. Further studies are needed on spicatoside A in order to understand mechanisms of action to treat various human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahesh Ramalingam
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Metabolic Diseases Research Laboratory, School of Dentistry, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Jin Kim
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Metabolic Diseases Research Laboratory, School of Dentistry, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
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Antisecretory Action of the Extract of the Aerial Parts of Eremomastax speciosa (Acanthaceae) Occurs through Antihistaminic and Anticholinergic Pathways. Adv Pharmacol Sci 2014; 2014:323470. [PMID: 24695819 PMCID: PMC3950658 DOI: 10.1155/2014/323470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2013] [Revised: 01/03/2014] [Accepted: 01/06/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective. The objective of this study was to find out the possible antiulcer mechanism of action of Eremomastax speciosa. Method. Carbachol- and histamine-induced hypersecretion, associated with the pylorus ligation technique, were used in rats. Gastric mucosal ulceration, mucus production, pH, gastric volume, and acidity were measured. Results. Histamine and carbachol raised gastric acidity to 86.50 and 84.80 mEq/L, respectively, in the control rats, and the extracts (200 mg/kg) reduced gastric acidity to 34.60 and 39.00 mEq/L, respectively. Intraduodenal aqueous extract (400 mg/kg) in histamine- and carbachol-treated rats produced significant (P < 0.001) decreases in acid secretion to 28.50 and 28.80 mEq/L, respectively, and 100 percent inhibition of gastric ulceration. Augmented histamine-induced gastric acid secretion (90.20 mEq/L) was significantly reduced to 52.60 and 27.50 mEq/L by the 200 and 400 mg/kg doses of the aqueous extract, respectively. The extract significantly reduced (P < 0.001) the volume of gastric secretion and significantly increased mucus production. The ulcer inhibition potential of the extract significantly dropped to 25–44% (oral extract) and to 29–37% (duodenal extract) in carbachol/indomethacin-treated rats. Conclusion. The aqueous extract of E. speciosa has both cytoprotective and antisecretory effects. The antisecretory effect may involve a mechanism common to both cholinergic and histaminergic pathways.
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In vitro antioxidant potential of dicliptera roxburghiana. BMC COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2013; 13:140. [PMID: 23777321 PMCID: PMC3717081 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6882-13-140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2012] [Accepted: 06/17/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Background Stress caused by free radicals accumulation result into many hazardous diseases. A number of investigations are focusing to find out the plant oriented natural antioxidant moieties. The basic aim of this research was to investigate the antioxidant potential, total Phenolic and flavonoids contents and photochemical screening of the crude methanol extract and its derived various fractions Dicliptera roxburghiana of Acanthaceae family. Methods Crude methanol extract of aerial parts of Dicliptera roxburghiana (DRME) was partitioned in to n-hexane (DRHF), chloroform (DRCF), ethyl acetate (DREF), n-butanol (DRBF) and the remaining soluble portion as residual aqueous fraction (DRAF). We evaluated the antioxidant activities of the extract and various fractions through different analytical methods such as DPPH, superoxide anion, ABTS, H2O2, hydroxyl radical and phosphomolybdate radical inhibition. In vitro lipid peroxidation and reducing power of the plant was also analyzed. Total flavonoid and phenolic contents of the extract and all fractions were also quantified. Plant was also subjected for preliminary phytochemical screening to confirm the presence or absence of various constituents in the plant. Results Phytochemical screening confirmed the presence of flavonoids, phenolics, tannins, alkaloids, saponins, terpenoids and coumarines. Quantitative analysis revealed the maximum amount of total phenolic and flavonoid contents in DRME while lowest in DRHF. Methanol extract, DREF, DRCF and DRBF exhibited promising antioxidant potential for DPPH, ABTS, H2O2, phosphomolybdate, superoxide anion and hydroxyl radical scavenging capabilities, while these were not appreciable for DRHF and DRAF. All fractions except DRHF and DRAF possess strong reducing power ability and showed appreciable lipid peroxidation inhibition. Conclusion These research investigations revealed that Dicliptera roxburghiana is a potent source of natural antioxidants. Hence the plant can be used for management of different stress and anxiety related ailments.
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Chemical constituents from the fibrous root of Ophiopogon japonicus, and their effect on tube formation in human myocardial microvascular endothelial cells. Fitoterapia 2013; 85:57-63. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2012.12.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2012] [Revised: 12/18/2012] [Accepted: 12/19/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Gvazava LN, Kikoladze VS. Steroidal sapogenins from Polygonatum polyanthemum and P. glaberrimum. Chem Nat Compd 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s10600-012-0425-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Bassey RB, Bakare AA, Edagha IA, Osinubi AAA, Oremosu AA. Staining characteristics of Lonchocarpus cyanescens leaf extract on the testis of Sprague-Dawley rats. MICROSCOPY AND MICROANALYSIS : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF MICROSCOPY SOCIETY OF AMERICA, MICROBEAM ANALYSIS SOCIETY, MICROSCOPICAL SOCIETY OF CANADA 2012; 18:840-843. [PMID: 22832176 DOI: 10.1017/s1431927612000505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The use of nonallergic, nontoxic, and eco-friendly natural dyes has become a matter of significant importance due to increased environmental awareness on the need to avoid hazardous synthetic dyes. This study was to determine the staining properties of the dye extract of Lonchocarpus cyanescens on histomorphology of the testis. Freshly cut leaves of L. cyanescens obtained from Akpan Ifia Inan village in Ikono local government area of Akwa Ibom state (latitude 5° 10' 12″ N; longitude 7° 48' 0″ E) were put into a plastic jar and boiling water was poured to cover the leaves. It was covered and left for an hour. The liquid was strained and potassium hydroxide was added to the dye water mixture to reach a pH of 9. A whisk was used to mix air into the liquid, and the mixuture was then allowed to sit until the blue indigo had settled to the bottom of the container. The dye was diluted with 70% ethanol to a concentration of 0.1 g/mL and was used to stain sections of testes. Its potential for use as a counterstain was also investigated. The testes sections were stained in shades of blue. The dye overshadowed the colors of haematoxylin and eosin. Preliminary phytochemical screening of L. cyanescens revealed that it contains alkaloids, saponins, flavonoids, and tannins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosemary B Bassey
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Uyo, Nigeria.
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Adão CR, Pereira da Silva B, Tinoco LW, Parente JP. Haemolytic activity and immunological adjuvant effect of a new steroidal saponin from Allium ampeloprasum var. porrum. Chem Biodivers 2012; 9:58-67. [PMID: 22253103 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.201100005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
A new steroidal saponin was isolated from the bulbs of Allium ampeloprasum L. var. porrum. On the basis of chemical evidence, comprehensive spectroscopic analyses, and comparison with known compounds, its structure was established as (3β,5α,6β,25R)-3-{(O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→3)-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→2)-O-[O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→3)]-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→4)-β-D-galactopyranosyl)oxy}-6-hydroxyspirostan-2-one (1). Results of the present study indicated that 1 exhibited haemolytic activity in the in vitro assays, and immunological adjuvant activity on the cellular immune response against ovalbumin antigen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camila Rodrigues Adão
- Laboratório de Química de Plantas Medicinais, Núcleo de Pesquisas de Produtos Naturais, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Caixa Postal 68045, CEP 21941-971 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Bassey RB, Bakare AA, Peter AI, Oremosu AA, Osinubi AA. Factors influencing extract of Hibiscus sabdariffa staining of rat testes. Biotech Histochem 2012; 87:403-7. [PMID: 22548304 DOI: 10.3109/10520295.2012.679365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Some plant extracts can be used in biology and medicine to reveal or identify cellular components and tissues. We investigated the effects of time and concentration on staining of histological sections of rat testes by an acidified extract of Hibiscus sabdariffa. An ethanolic extract of H. sabdariffa was diluted using 1% acetic acid in 70% ethanol to stain histological sections of testes at concentrations of 0.2, 0.1 and 0.05 g/ml for 5, 10, 15, 30, 45 and 60 min. The sections of testes were stained deep red. The staining efficiency of H. sabdariffa was greater at a high concentration and required less time to achieve optimal staining. H. sabdariffa is a strongly basic dye that can be used for various diagnostic purposes. Staining time and concentration must be considered to achieve optimal results.
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Affiliation(s)
- R B Bassey
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Uyo, Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria.
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Challinor VL, Piacente S, De Voss JJ. NMR assignment of the absolute configuration of C-25 in furostanol steroidal saponins. Steroids 2012; 77:602-8. [PMID: 22361298 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2012.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2011] [Revised: 02/02/2012] [Accepted: 02/04/2012] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The chemical shifts of the geminal proton resonances of H(2)-26 (δa and δb) are a widely used predictor of C-25 stereochemistry in furostanol steroidal saponins, being in general more resolved in 25S than 25R compounds. Unexpectedly, we found that application of this empirical rule in different solvents led to conflicting assignments of stereochemistry. An experimental survey revealed that, while the chemical shifts of H(2)-26 exhibit a dependence on C-25 configuration, it is less pronounced in methanol-d4 than pyridine-d5 solvent, and thus the general rule derived for pyridine-d5 fails when NMR spectra are acquired in methanol-d4. We propose a modified empirical method for the direct assignment of C-25 stereochemistry in furostanol saponins in methanol-d4 (Δ(ab)=0.45-0.48 ppm for 25S; Δ(ab)=0.33-0.35 ppm for 25R), and provide several detailed examples. In addition, the absolute configuration of compound 8, a steroidal saponin isolated in previous work from Ruscus colchicus, is corrected from 25R to 25S stereochemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria L Challinor
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
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Adão CR, da Silva BP, Parente JP. A new steroidal saponin with antiinflammatory and antiulcerogenic properties from the bulbs of Allium ampeloprasum var. porrum. Fitoterapia 2011; 82:1175-80. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2011.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2011] [Revised: 07/25/2011] [Accepted: 07/25/2011] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Abstract
Abstract
Twenty-nine species of wild Dioscorea from British Honduras were screened for saponins. The tubers of D. belizensis Lundell afforded yields of steroids of about 2 per cent of the dry weight, calculated as the acetate of the predominant genin, diosgenin. A routine assay for diosgenin in these tubers is given and the effects of comminution, chemical disintegration, fermentation, refrigeration, autoclaving, and drying of the tubers are described. The yield is controlled by an endogenous enzyme system.
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Renukadevi K, Sultana SS. Determination of Antibacterial, Antioxidant and Cytotoxicity Effect of Indigofera tinctoria on Lung Cancer Cell Line NCI-h69. INT J PHARMACOL 2011. [DOI: 10.3923/ijp.2011.356.362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Wang KW, Zhang H, Shen LQ, Wang W. Novel steroidal saponins from Liriope graminifolia (Linn.) Baker with anti-tumor activities. Carbohydr Res 2011; 346:253-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2010.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2010] [Revised: 11/11/2010] [Accepted: 11/15/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Shah AJ, Bhulani NN, Khan SH, ur Rehman N, Gilani AH. Calcium channel blocking activity of Mentha longifolia
L. explains its medicinal use in diarrhoea and gut spasm. Phytother Res 2010; 24:1392-7. [DOI: 10.1002/ptr.3263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Shah AJ, Gowani SA, Zuberi AJ, Ghayur MN, Gilani AH. Antidiarrhoeal and spasmolytic activities of the methanolic crude extract of Alstonia scholaris L. are mediated through calcium channel blockade. Phytother Res 2010; 24:28-32. [PMID: 19533591 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.2859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
This study was aimed to provide a pharmacological basis to the medicinal use of Alstonia scholaris as an antidiarrhoeal and antispasmodic by using in vivo and in vitro techniques. In the in vivo study the crude extract of Alstonia scholaris (As.Cr), which tested positive for the presence of alkaloids, provided 31-84% protection against castor oil-induced diarrhoea in mice at 100-1000 mg/kg doses, similar to loperamide. In isolated rabbit jejunum preparation, the As.Cr caused inhibition of spontaneous and high K(+) (80 mm)-induced contractions, with respective EC(50) values of 1.04 (0.73-1.48) and 1.02 mg/mL (0.56-1.84; 95% CI), thus showing spasmolytic activity mediated possibly through calcium channel blockade (CCB). The CCB activity was further confirmed when pretreatment of the tissue with the As.Cr (0.3-1 mg/mL) caused a rightward shift in the Ca(++) concentration-response curves similar to verapamil, a standard calcium channel blocker. Loperamide also inhibited spontaneous and high K(+) precontractions as well as shifted the Ca(++) CRCs to the right. These results indicate that the crude extract of Alstonia scholaris possesses antidiarrhoeal and spasmolytic effects, mediated possibly through the presence of CCB-like constituent(s) and this study provides a mechanistic base for its medicinal use in diarrhoea and colic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdul Jabbar Shah
- Drug Discovery and Natural Products Research Unit, Department of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Aga Khan University Medical College, Karachi-74800, Pakistan
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Carlsson R. Quantity and Quality of Leaf Protein Concentrates fromAtriplex hortensisL.,Chenopodium quinoaWilld. andAmaranthus caudatusL, Grown in Southern Sweden. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1080/00015128009435289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Akinyemi KO, Mendie UE, Smith ST, Oyefolu AO, Coker AO. Screening of Some Medicinal Plants Used in South-West Nigerian Traditional Medicine for Anti-Salmonella typhiActivity. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1080/j157v05n01_06] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Karnick CR. Phytochemical Investigations of SomeDioscoreaSpecies and Varieties Found in India. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.3109/13880207109082395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Lone IA, Kaur G, Athar M, Alam MS. Protective effect of Rumex patientia (English Spinach) roots on ferric nitrilotriacetate (Fe-NTA) induced hepatic oxidative stress and tumor promotion response. Food Chem Toxicol 2007; 45:1821-9. [PMID: 17517459 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2007.03.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2006] [Revised: 03/25/2007] [Accepted: 03/30/2007] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
In this communication, we document the antioxidant potential of ethanolic extract of Rumex patientia L. (Polygonaceae) roots and its chemopreventive effects against Fe-NTA mediated hepatic oxidative stress, hepatotoxicity and tumor promotion response. The extract exhibited high polyphenolic content, potent reducing power and significantly scavenged free radicals (including several reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS)). The extract also significantly and dose dependently protected against oxidative damage to lipids and DNA. These results indicated R. patientia root extract to exert a potent antioxidant activity in vitro. The efficacy of extract was also evaluated in vivo and it was found to exert a potent protective affect in acute oxidative tissue injury animal model: ferric nitrilotriacetate (Fe-NTA) induced hepatotoxicity in mice. Administration of Fe-NTA (9 mg/kg body weight, i.p.) to mice led to a significant oxidative stress and allied damage in liver tissues and induced hyperproliferation. A significant depletion was observed in GSH content and enzymes implicated in its metabolism. Attenuation also occurred in activities of other hepatic antioxidant enzymes including SOD, CAT, and GPX. Fe-NTA also incited hyperproliferation response elevating ornithine decarboxylase activity and [(3)H]-thymidine incorporation into DNA. Histopathological investigations and liver function tests (LFT) indicated Fe-NTA to cause extensive hepatic damage. However, prophylactic treatment with R. patientia root extract at a dose regimen of 100-200mg/kg body weight for a week not only restored hepatic antioxidant armory close to normal, but also significantly precluded oxidative damage restoring normal hepatic architecture and levels of hepatic damage markers. The data obtained in the present study illustrates R. patientia roots to possess potent antioxidant and free radical scavenging activities and thwart oxidative damage and hyperproliferation in hepatic tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irshad A Lone
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Jamia Hamdard, Hamdard Nagar, New Delhi 110062, India
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Cheng ZH, Wu T, Yu BY. Steroidal glycosides from tubers of Ophiopogon japonicus. JOURNAL OF ASIAN NATURAL PRODUCTS RESEARCH 2006; 8:555-9. [PMID: 16931432 DOI: 10.1080/10286020410001721122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
A new steroidal saponin, named ophiopogonin E (1), has been isolated from the tubers of Ophiopogon japonicus, along with five known steroidal saponins (2-6). The structure of the new steroidal glycoside was characterized by spectroscopic analysis and acid-catalyzed hydrolysis as pennogenin 3-O-beta-D-xylopyranosyl (1 --> 4)-beta-D-glucopyranoside (1).
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Affiliation(s)
- Z-H Cheng
- School of Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
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Abstract
A new steroidal saponin was isolated from the leaves of Agave attenuata. Its structure was established as (3beta,beta,25S)-spirostan-3-yl O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1 --> 2)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1 --> 2)-O-[beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1 --> 3)]-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1 --> 4)-beta-D-galactopyranoside. The structural identification was performed using detailed analyses of 1H- and 13C-NMR spectra including 2D NMR spectroscopic techniques (COSY, HETCOR, and COLOC) and chemical conversions. The hemolytic activity of the steroidal saponin was evaluated using an in vitro assay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatiana Paz Mendes
- Laboratório de Química de Plantas Medicinais, Núcleo de Pesquisas de Produtos Naturais, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, PO Box 68045 CEP, 21944-970 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Macedo M, Bezerra M, Soto Blanco B. FOTOSSENSIBILIZAÇÃO EM ANIMAIS DE PRODUÇÃO NA REGIÃO SEMI-ÁRIDA DO RIO GRANDE DO NORTE. ARQUIVOS DO INSTITUTO BIOLÓGICO 2006. [DOI: 10.1590/1808-1657v73p2512006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
RESUMO O presente trabalho objetivou estudar a ocorrência de surtos naturais de fotossensibilização que vêm ocorrendo em diversas espécies animais na região semi-árida do Estado do Rio Grande do Norte. Foram visitadas 17 propriedades nas quais estavam ocorrendo casos naturais desta patologia. Foram realizadas entrevistas com os tratadores, exames clínicos e provas séricas bioquímicas de função hepática nos animais afetados. Também foram realizadas avaliações das pastagens para busca de plantas suspeitas de causarem a doença. Essasa mostras foram testadas para detecção preliminar de saponinas. Foi verificado que a fotossensibilização é do tipo secundária (hepatógena) e as espécies mais acometidas são a eqüina e a bovina, mas também ocorre em ovinos, caprinos e asininos. Além disto, parece não haver variação na susceptibilidade entre as diferentes faixas etárias, mas há uma sazonalidade na ocorrência da fotossensibilização, ocorrendo no período final da estação das chuvas. A possível etiologia é a planta conhecida popularmente como ervanço (Floehlichia humboldtiana), a única com alta prevalência em todos os locais afetados e contêm saponinas.
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Affiliation(s)
- M.F. Macedo
- Universidade Federal Rural do Semi-árido, Brasil
| | - M.B. Bezerra
- Universidade Federal Rural do Semi-árido, Brasil
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Liu HY, Ni W, Hao XJ, Chen CX. Steroidal saponins from Tacca plantaginea. JOURNAL OF ASIAN NATURAL PRODUCTS RESEARCH 2006; 8:293-8. [PMID: 16864438 DOI: 10.1080/10286020500034907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Two new steroidal saponins, taccaoside C (1) and taccaoside D (3), along with one known saponin (2) have been isolated from the methanol extracts of Tacca plantaginea. Their structures have been elucidated by spectroscopic and chemical methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- H-Y Liu
- Kunming Institute of Botany, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming, 650204, Yunnan, China
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Ayoka AO, Akomolafe RO, Iwalewa EO, Akanmu MA, Ukponmwan OE. Sedative, antiepileptic and antipsychotic effects of Spondias mombin L. (Anacardiaceae) in mice and rats. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2006; 103:166-75. [PMID: 16188408 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2005.07.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2004] [Revised: 07/25/2005] [Accepted: 07/27/2005] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we evaluated the effects of air-dried Spondias mombin leaves extracted with aqueous, methanol and ethanol solvents on hexobarbital-induced sleeping time and novelty-induced rearing (NIR) behaviours in mice and rats. We also studied the effect of the extracts on amphetamine- and apomorphine-induced stereotyped and picrotoxin-induced convulsive behaviour in rats. All residues from different extractions were dissolved in normal saline and administered intraperitoneally (i.p.). The methanolic and ethanolic extracts (12.5-100mg/kg i.p.) prolonged the hexobarbital-induced sleeping time and reduced the NIR in both mice and rat in a dose-dependent manner. The aqueous extract prolonged the hexobarbital-induced sleeping time and reduced (NIR) at doses of 50 and 100mg/kg. The inhibitory effect of the extracts on NIR was not reversed by atropine, yohimbine, naltrexone and flumazenil. However, the extracts blocked the facilitating effect of flumazenil. This suggests that NIR inhibitory effects of extracts of Spondia mombin are not mediated via muscarinic, alpha(2) adrenergic, and mu-opioid receptors, whereas, the extracts appear to facilitate GABAergic transmission. In addition the extracts blocked picrotoxin-induced convulsions. Phenolic compound(s) were present in the ethanolic and methanolic extracts, which exhibited anticonvulsant properties in the picrotoxin-induced convulsions model. The extracts decreased the amphetamine/apomorphine-induced stereotyped behaviour, which suggest that these extracts possess antidopaminergic activity. The effect of the extracts on hexobarbitone-induced sleeping time was blocked by flumazenil a GABA(A) antagonist, indicating that the extracts contain GABA(A) agonists. These results suggest that the leaves extracts of Spondias mombin possess sedative and antidopaminergic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abiodun O Ayoka
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Obafemi Awolowo University, P.O. Box 1282, Ile-Ife, Osun State, Nigeria
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Akinyemi KO, Oladapo O, Okwara CE, Ibe CC, Fasure KA. Screening of crude extracts of six medicinal plants used in South-West Nigerian unorthodox medicine for anti-methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus activity. Altern Ther Health Med 2005; 5:6. [PMID: 15762997 PMCID: PMC1079793 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6882-5-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 147] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2004] [Accepted: 03/11/2005] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Background Six Nigerian medicinal plants Terminalia avicennioides, Phylantus discoideus, Bridella ferruginea, Ageratum conyzoides, Ocimum gratissimum and Acalypha wilkesiana used by traditional medical practitioners for the treatment of several ailments of microbial and non-microbial origins were investigated for in vitro anti-methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) activity. Methods Fresh plant materials were collected from the users. Water and ethanol extracts of the shredded plants were obtained by standard methods. The Bacterial cultures used were strains of MRSA isolated from patients. MRSA was determined by the reference broth microdilution methods using the established National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards break points. Staphylococcus aureus NCIB 8588 was used as a standard strain. Susceptibility testing and phytochemical screening of the plant extracts were performed by standard procedures. Controls were maintained for each test batch. Results Both water and ethanol extracts of T. avicennioides, P. discoideus, O. gratissimum, and A. wilkesiana were effective on MRSA. The Minimum Inhibition Concentration (MIC) and Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC) of the ethanol extracts of these plants range from 18.2 to 24.0 mcg/ml and 30.4 to 37.0 mcg/ml respectively. In contrast, MIC range of 30.6 to 43.0 mcg/ml and 55.4 to 71.0 mcg/ml were recorded for ethanol and water extracts of B. ferruginea, and A. conyzoides respectively. Higher MBC values were obtained for the two plants. These concentrations were too high to be considered active in this study. All the four active plants contained at least trace amount of anthraquinones. Conclusion Our results offer a scientific basis for the traditional use of water and ethanol extracts of A. wilkesiana, O. gratissimum, T. avicennioides and P. discoideus against MRSA-associated diseases. However, B. ferruginea and A. conyzoides were ineffective in vitro in this study; we therefore suggest the immediate stoppage of their traditional use against MRSA-associated diseases in Lagos, Nigeria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kabir O Akinyemi
- Department of Microbiology, Lagos State University, (LASU) Ojo. P.M.B 1087, Apapa, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Olukayode Oladapo
- Department of Microbiology, Lagos State University, (LASU) Ojo. P.M.B 1087, Apapa, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Chidi E Okwara
- Department of Microbiology, Lagos State University, (LASU) Ojo. P.M.B 1087, Apapa, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Christopher C Ibe
- Department of Microbiology, Lagos State University, (LASU) Ojo. P.M.B 1087, Apapa, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Kehinde A Fasure
- Department of Microbiology, Lagos State University, (LASU) Ojo. P.M.B 1087, Apapa, Lagos, Nigeria
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Li YF, Hu LH, Lou FC, Hong JR, Li J, Shen Q. Furostanoside from Asparagus filicinus. JOURNAL OF ASIAN NATURAL PRODUCTS RESEARCH 2005; 7:43-47. [PMID: 15621601 DOI: 10.1080/10286020310001617110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
A new furostanoside, named aspafilioside D (1), together with the five known compounds officinalisnin-II (2), Asp-IV' (3), (+)-4'-O-methyl-nyasol (4), (+)-nyasol (5) and tormentic acid (6), have been isolated from the roots of Asparagus filicinus. The structure of 1 has been elucidated on the basis of spectral data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Fang Li
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Bioengineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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Agrawal PK. Dependence of 1H NMR chemical shifts of geminal protons of glycosyloxy methylene (H2-26) on the orientation of the 27-methyl group of furostane-type steroidal saponins. MAGNETIC RESONANCE IN CHEMISTRY : MRC 2004; 42:990-993. [PMID: 15386548 DOI: 10.1002/mrc.1474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
An approach based on the difference (Delta(ab) = delta(a) - delta(b)) between the 1H NMR chemical shifts (delta(a), delta(b)) of the geminal protons of glycosyloxy methylene (H2-26) (Delta(ab) = <0.48 for 25R; Delta(ab) = >0.57 for 25S) is proposed for ascertaining 25R/25S orientation of the 27-methyl group of furostane-type steroidal saponins. These studies suggested the 25R-orientation of the 27-Me group for the furostanol glycosides isolated by Wu et al. from Tribulus terrestris.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pawan K Agrawal
- Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Lucknow-226015, India.
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Abstract
An HPLC-ELSD-ESI-MS method has been developed for the analysis of the steroidal saponins in the aerial parts of Tribulus terrestris. Protodioscin, a new saponin (5,6-dihydroprotodioscin, neoprotodioscin) and their respective sulfates were detected. The structure of the new compound was elucidated on the basis of NMR and ESI-MS spectral analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- E De Combarieu
- Research and Development Laboratories, Indena SpA, Via Don Minzoni 6, Settala (MI) 20090, Italy
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Da Silva Antunes A, Da Silva BP, Parente JP, Valente AP. A new bioactive steroidal saponin from Sansevieria cylindrica. Phytother Res 2003; 17:179-82. [PMID: 12601684 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.1059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
A new steroidal saponin was isolated from the leaves of Sansevieria cylindrica. Its structure was established as (3beta,12beta,15alpha,25S)-26-(beta-D-glucopyranosyloxy)-22-hydroxyfurost-5-en-3-yl 12-O- (6-deoxy-alpha-L-mannopyranosyl)-15-O-(6-deoxy-alpha-L-mannopyranosyl)-beta-D-glucopyranoside. The structural identification was performed using detailed analyses of (1)H and (13)C NMR spectra including 2D NMR spectroscopic techniques (COSY, HETCOR, HMBC and HMQC) and chemical conversions. The steroidal saponin showed no haemolytic effects in the in vitro assays and demonstrated inhibition of the capillary permeability activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Da Silva Antunes
- Núcleo de Pesquisas de Produtos Naturiais, Laboratório de Química de Plantas Medicinais, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, CEP 21944-970 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
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Sang SM, Zou ML, Zhang XW, Lao AN, Chen ZL. Tuberoside M, a new cytotoxic spirostanol saponin from the seeds of Allium tuberosum. JOURNAL OF ASIAN NATURAL PRODUCTS RESEARCH 2002; 4:69-72. [PMID: 11995668 DOI: 10.1080/10286020290019721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Tuberoside M (1), isolated from the seeds of Allium tuberosum, shows a significant inhibitory effect on the growth of the human promyelocytic leukemia cell line (HL-60) with IC50 value of 6.8 microg/ml. On the basis of spectral data and chemical reaction, its structure was established as (25S)-5beta-spirostane-1beta,3beta-diol 3-O-alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1-->4)-beta-D-glucopyranoside.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng-Min Sang
- Institute of Materia Medica, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai
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Konishi T, Fujiwara Y, Konoshima T, Kiyosawa S, Nishi M, Miyahara K. Steroidal saponins from Hemerocallis fulva var. kwanso. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 2001; 49:318-20. [PMID: 11253923 DOI: 10.1248/cpb.49.318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Two steroidal saponins, hemeroside A and B, were isolated from the aerial part of Hemerocallis fulva var. kwanso for the first time. The structures of these compounds were established as 24S-hydroxy-neotokorogenin 1-O-alpha-L-arabinopyranosyl 24-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside (1) and isorhodeasapogenin 3-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1-->3)-[beta-D-xylopyranosyl-(1-->2)]-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1-->4)-beta-D-galactopyranoside (2) through NMR experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Konishi
- Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Japan.
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Wang Z, Zhou J, Ju Y, Zhang H, Liu M, Li X. Effects of two saponins extracted from the polygonatum Zanlanscianense pamp on the human leukemia (HL-60) cells. Biol Pharm Bull 2001; 24:159-62. [PMID: 11217084 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.24.159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Two saponins, methyl protodioscin and dioscin, were extracted from the root of Polygonatum Zanlanscianense Pamp. One of them, dioscin exerted significant inhibitory effects on the growth of the human leukemia cell HL-60, inducing differentiation and apoptosis. HL60 cells were induced mainly along the granulocytic lineage. In addition, we have found that dioscin affects many cancer cells. These studies may have important significance in treating related cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Wang
- Department of Biological Science and Biotechnology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.
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Abstract
The stem bark of Daniellia oliveri was screened phytochemically and a methanol extract prepared.-Condensed tannins, saponins, cyanogenetic and cardiac glycosides were identified in the crude drug. The cardiac glycoside components in the methanol extract were precipitated with acetone to yield a reddish-brown residue. The n-butanol soluble fraction of an aqueous solution of this residue tested positive for cardiac glycosides and was shown by TLC to contain steroidal compounds. This fraction was subjected to pharmacological studies on isolated rat bladder smooth muscle. It had no effect on purinergic neurotransmission but was a noncompetitive antagonist for muscarinic receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- N D Onwukaeme
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Benin, PMB 1154, Benin City, Edo State, Nigeria
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Da Silva BP, Bernardo RR, Parente JP. A furostanol glycoside from rhizomes of Costus spicatus. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 1999; 51:931-935. [PMID: 10423863 DOI: 10.1016/s0031-9422(99)00077-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
A new furostanol glycoside was isolated from the rhizomes of Costus spicatus. Its structure was established as (3 beta,22 alpha,25R)-26-(beta -D-glucopyranosyloxy)-22-methoxyfurost-5-en-3-yl O-D-apio-beta-D-furanosyl-(1-->2)-O-[6-deoxy-alpha-L-mannopyranosy l-(1-->4)]- beta-D-glucopyranoside. The structural identification was performed using detailed analysis of 1H and 13C NMR spectra including 2D NMR spectroscopic techniques (COSY, HETCOR and COLOC) and chemical conversions.
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Abstract
The stem bark and leaves of Daniellia oliveri were screened phytochemically and the effects of their respective methanol extracts on the skeletal muscle of rats were investigated using the isolated phrenic nerve hemidiaphragm muscle preparation. Both were found to contain tannins, cardiac and saponin glycosides. In addition, the bark, but not leaves, contained cyanogenetic glycosides. The methanol extracts were found to possess neuromuscular blocking properties. The leaf extract appeared to act primarily by inhibiting the influx of extracellular Ca(2+) principally by inhibiting K(+) channels. The inhibitory action of the bark extract appeared to be mediated by interference with transmitter release and an action on multiple sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- N D Onwukaeme
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy. University of Benin, PMB 1154, Benin City, Edo State, Nigeria
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Abstract
Three new steroidal saponins were isolated from the rhizomes of Smilax officinalis. The structures of these saponins were established by extensive spectral data, hydrolysis and chemical correlation as sarsasapogenin 3-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1-->4)-[alpha-L-arabinopyranosyl-(1-->6 )-beta- D-glucopyranoside, neotigogenin 3-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1-->4)-[alpha-L-arabinopyranosyl-(1-->6 )]-beta- D-glucopyranoside and 25S-spirostan-6 beta-ol 3-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1-->4)-[alpha-L-arabinopyranosyl-(1-->6 )]-beta- D-glucopyranoside. Acid hydrolysis of the latter compound gave a sapogenin which has a new orientation of an hydroxyl on the steroidal skeleton. A route is proposed for the biogenesis of the latter sapogenin which is an uncommon steroidal aglycone.
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Affiliation(s)
- R R Bernardo
- Núcleo de Pesquisas de Produtos Naturais, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Yu BY, Qiu SX, Zaw K, Xu GJ, Hirai Y, Shoji J, Fong HH, Kinghorn AD. Steroidal glycosides from the subterranean parts of Liriope spicata var. prolifera. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 1996; 43:201-206. [PMID: 8987515 DOI: 10.1016/0031-9422(96)00228-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
In a continuation of phytochemical studies on the underground organs of Liriope spicata var. prolifera, four new steroidal glycosides, lirioproliosides A-D, along with two known compounds, 25(S)-ruscogenin 1-O-[alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl(1-->2)[beta-D-xylopyranosyl (1-->3)]-beta-D-fucopyranoside and ophiopogonin A, were identified. The structures of lirioproliosides A-D were established by a combination of spectroscopic and chemical methods as 25(S)-ruscogenin 1-O-[alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl(1-->2)][beta-D-xylopyranosyl (1-->3)]-beta-D-fucopyranoside-3-O-alpha-L-rhamnopyranoside, 25(S)-ruscogenin 1-O-[3-O-acetyl-alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl(1-->2)]-beta-D-fucopyranoside, 25(S)-ruscogenin (1-O-[2-O-acetyl-alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl (1-->2)]-beta-D-fucopyranoside and ruscogenin (1-O-[2-O-acetyl-alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl(1-->2)]-beta-D-fucopyranoside, respectively. Among these steroidal glycosides, ophiopogonin A and lirioprolioside B, and lirioproliosides C and D, were isolated as epimeric pairs.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Y Yu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago 60612, USA
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Onning G, Wang Q, Weström BR, Asp NG, Karlsson BW. Influnce of oat saponins on intestinal permeability in vitro and in vivo in the rat. Br J Nutr 1996; 76:141-51. [PMID: 8774224 DOI: 10.1079/bjn19960016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to investigate whether oat saponins (avenacosides A and B) have any effect on the permeability of the rat intestine to actively and passively transported markers in vitro and in vivo. Intestinal segments were mounted in modified Ussing chambers, and the passage of the different marker compounds from the mucosal to the serosal side was measured for 120 min. Avenacosides (1 mg/ml) gave a significantly higher passage of the macromolecule ovalbumin and there was a tendency to increased passage of [14C]D-mannitol and [51Cr]EDTA. On the other hand, the saponins did not affect the active transport of [3H]methyl glucose. When rats were given saponins (40 mg/kg body weight) together with markers by gastric intubation, the passage of [51Cr]EDTA into blood and urine was somewhat reduced. For the macromolecule bovine serum albumin, no evident effect on the passage was observed in the presence of saponins. Thus, in contrast to the in vitro results, the in vivo marker passage seemed to be unaffected or even reduced in the presence of avenacosides. The study shows that saponins can affect the permeability of the rat intestine. However, this effect needs further investigation in vivo, especially regarding proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Onning
- Department of Applied Nutrition and Food Chemistry, Chemical Center, Lund University, Sweden
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Shvets SA, Latsterdis NV, Kintia PK. A chemical study on the steroidal glycosides from Atropa belladonna L. seeds. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 1996; 404:475-83. [PMID: 8957316 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4899-1367-8_38] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Eight steroidal glycosides of the spirostane type tentatively named atroposides A, B, C, D, E, F, G, and H (according to their increase in polarity) have been isolated from the methanolic extract of Atropa belladonna L. seeds by Sephadex gel filtration and column chromatography on silica gel impregnated with AgNO3. The structure of atroposides A, C, E, G has been elucidated as 3-O-alpha-D-galactopyranoside; 3-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl(1-->4)-beta-D-galactopyranoside; 3-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl (1-->2) -beta-D-glucopyranosyl(1-->4)-beta-D-galactopyranoside; and 3-O-alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl (1-->4)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl (1-->2)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl (1-->4)-beta-D-galactopyranoside, each of (25R)-5 alpha-spirostane-3 beta-ol, respectively. The structure of atroposides B, D, F, and H has been elucidated as 3-O-beta-D-galactopyranoside; 3-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl (1-->4)beta-D-galactopyranoside; 3-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl (1-->2)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl (1-->4)-beta-D-galactopyranoside; 3-O-alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl (1-->4)-B-D-glucopyranosyl (1-->2)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl (1-->4)-beta-D-galactopyranoside, each of (25R)-spirost-5-en-3-b-0l, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- S A Shvets
- Institute of Genetics, Academy of Sciences, Chisinau, Moldova
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Shvets SA, Kintya PK, Gutsu ON, Grishkovets VI. Steroid glycosides of the seeds ofNicotiana tabacum. II. The structures of nicotianosides C and F. Chem Nat Compd 1996. [DOI: 10.1007/bf01165196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Shvets SA, Naibi AM, Kintya PK, Shashkov AS. Steroid glycosides from the seeds ofPetunia hybrida. Structures of petuniosides B, D, and F. Chem Nat Compd 1996. [DOI: 10.1007/bf01165195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Shvets SA, Kintia PK, Naibi MA. Steroidal glycosides from Petunia hybrida L. seeds and their biological activity. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 1996; 404:251-62. [PMID: 8957301 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4899-1367-8_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
A new plant source containing steroidal glycosides of the furostane and spirostane series has been shown. Ten individual steroidal glycosides (petuniosides) of the spirostane and furostane series have been isolated from Petunia hybrida L. seeds. They differ in the structures of aglycone and oligosaccharide chain, four of them are novel compounds, and their chemical structures have been established. Petuniosides A, C, and E are 3-O-beta-D-galactopyranoside spirostane; 3-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl (1-->4)-beta-D-galactopyranoside spirostane; and 3-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1-->2)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl (1-->4)-beta-D-galactopyranoside of (25R)-5 alpha-spirostan-3 beta-ol, respectively. Petuniosides B, D, and F are 3-O-beta-D-galactopyranoside spirostane; 3-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl (1-->4)-beta-D-galactopyranoside spirostane; and 3-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl(1-->2)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl (1-->4)-beta-D-galactopyranoside of (25R)-5 alpha-spirostane-2 alpha, 3 beta-diol, respectively. Petuniosides E and F are new compounds, and B, C, and D have been detected in the Petunia genus for the first time. Glycosides of the furostane series, petuniosides I and K, are derivatives of (25R)-5 alpha-spirostane-3 beta, 22 alpha, 26-triol, and K and M of (25R)-5 alpha-spirostane-2 alpha, 3 beta, 22 alpha, 26-tetraol. Petuniosides I and L are new compounds, and K and M are known, but have been detected in the Petunia genus for the first time. Growth-stimulating activity has been established for petunioside M. This glycoside has been shown to enhance cucumber resistance to cucumber green eye-sport mosaic virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- S A Shvets
- Institute of Genetics, Academy of Science, Chisinau, Moldova
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Shvets SA, Gutsu ON, Kintia PK. Steroidal glycosides from Nicotiana tabacum L. seeds and their biological activity. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 1996; 405:247-57. [PMID: 8910710 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4613-0413-5_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Steroidal glycosides of the spirostane and furostane series have been isolated from the methanolic extract of Nicotiana tabacum L. seeds by using gel filtration on silica gel and chromatography on a silica gel column. They were tentatively named nicotianosides A (1), B (2), C (3), D (4), E (5), F (6), and G (7). It has been shown that nicotianosides A (1), B (2), C (3), and D (4) are 3-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside-; 3-O-alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl (1-->2)-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside-; 3-O-¿[alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl (1-->2)].[alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl (1-->4)]-beta-D-glucopyranoside¿: 3-O-¿[alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl (1-->2)-alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl (1-->3)]-alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl (1-->4)]-beta-D-glucopyranoside¿: neotigogenin, respectively. The structures of nicotianosides E (5), F (6), and G (7) have been established as: 3-O-alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl (1-->2)-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside; 3-O-¿[alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1-->2)]-[alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl (1-->4)]-beta-D-glucopyranoside¿: 3-O-¿[alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl (1-->2)-[alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl (1-->3)]-alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl (1-->4)]-beta-D-glucopyranoside): (25S)-5-alpha-furostane-3 beta, 22 alpha, 26-triol [-26-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside]. Growth-stimulating activities, prevention of virus attacks on tobacco, and a possible mechanism of action were established for the nicotianosides.
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Affiliation(s)
- S A Shvets
- Institute of Genetics, Academy of Science, Chisinau, Moldovia
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