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Sanyal G, Kaur SP, Rout CS, Chakraborty B. Defect-Engineering of 2D Dichalcogenide VSe 2 to Enhance Ammonia Sensing: Acumens from DFT Calculations. BIOSENSORS 2023; 13:257. [PMID: 36832023 PMCID: PMC9954586 DOI: 10.3390/bios13020257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2022] [Revised: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Opportune sensing of ammonia (NH3) gas is industrially important for avoiding hazards. With the advent of nanostructured 2D materials, it is felt vital to miniaturize the detector architecture so as to attain more and more efficacy with simultaneous cost reduction. Adaptation of layered transition metal dichalcogenide as the host may be a potential answer to such challenges. The current study presents a theoretical in-depth analysis regarding improvement in efficient detection of NH3 using layered vanadium di-selenide (VSe2) with the introduction of point defects. The poor affinity between VSe2 and NH3 forbids the use of the former in the nano-sensing device's fabrications. The adsorption and electronic properties of VSe2 nanomaterials can be tuned with defect induction, which would modulate the sensing properties. The introduction of Se vacancy to pristine VSe2 was found to cause about an eight-fold increase (from -012 eV to -0.97 eV) in adsorption energy. A charge transfer from the N 2p orbital of NH3 to the V 3d orbital of VSe2 has been observed to cause appreciable NH3 detection by VSe2. In addition to that, the stability of the best-defected system has been confirmed through molecular dynamics simulation, and the possibility of repeated usability has been analyzed for calculating recovery time. Our theoretical results clearly indicate that Se-vacant layered VSe2 can be an efficient NH3 sensor if practically produced in the future. The presented results will thus potentially be useful for experimentalists in designing and developing VSe2-based NH3 sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gopal Sanyal
- Mechanical Metallurgy Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai 400085, India
| | - Surinder Pal Kaur
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Ropar, Rupnagar 140001, India
| | - Chandra Sekhar Rout
- Centre for Nano and Material Sciences, Jain Global Campus, Jakkasandra, Ramanagaram, Bangalore 562112, India
| | - Brahmananda Chakraborty
- High Pressure and Synchroton Radiation Physics Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai 400085, India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai 400094, India
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Tabrizchi M, Maki Abadi E, Parchami R, Fadaei E. Dynamic Response of Ion Mobility Spectrometry. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2022; 33:1148-1160. [PMID: 35673931 DOI: 10.1021/jasms.2c00010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Ion mobility spectrometers (IMS) are widely used in the security industry as well as in analytical measurements. Nevertheless, the IMS input is dynamic in nature because the sampling input can vary over time. Similar to most instruments, IMS is unable to respond immediately to variations in the input sample. Therefore, the measurements are made under transient conditions, which may affect the results. This work investigates the dynamic response of an IMS to different inputs, including steps, pulsed, exponential, and Gaussian functions. A theoretical model was developed based on two phenomena: the accumulation or dilution of a sample in the ionization region and the adsorption or desorption inside the injection port. Both processes have a charging/discharging nature. Thus, a mathematical expression was derived that takes into account two RC circuits in series. Fitting the output signal of the experimental data to the expression obtained from the model gave reasonable time constants of 2-4 s and 15-20 s for the dilution and the desorption processes, respectively. The model performance was evaluated by comparing the output with the experimental results, which were in excellent correlation. IMS was also found to behave in a manner similar to a second-order instrument, in which the output is related to the input via a second-order differential equation. These results are applicable to GC-IMS and IMS-based detectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud Tabrizchi
- Department of Chemistry, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan 84156-83111, Iran
| | - Elaheh Maki Abadi
- Department of Chemistry, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan 84156-83111, Iran
| | - Razieh Parchami
- Department of Chemistry, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan 84156-83111, Iran
| | - Elham Fadaei
- Department of Chemistry, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan 84156-83111, Iran
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Zong H, Brimblecombe P, Sun L, Wei P, Ho KF, Zhang Q, Cai J, Kan H, Chu M, Che W, Lau AKH, Ning Z. Reducing the Influence of Environmental Factors on Performance of a Diffusion-Based Personal Exposure Kit. SENSORS 2021; 21:s21144637. [PMID: 34300377 PMCID: PMC8309635 DOI: 10.3390/s21144637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Revised: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Sensor technology has enabled the development of portable low-cost monitoring kits that might supplement many applications in conventional monitoring stations. Despite the sensitivity of electrochemical gas sensors to environmental change, they are increasingly important in monitoring polluted microenvironments. The performance of a compact diffusion-based Personal Exposure Kit (PEK) was assessed for real-time gaseous pollutant measurement (CO, O3, and NO2) under typical environmental conditions encountered in the subtropical city of Hong Kong. A dynamic baseline tracking method and a range of calibration protocols to address system performance were explored under practical scenarios to assess the performance of the PEK in reducing the impact of rapid changes in the ambient environment in personal exposure assessment applications. The results show that the accuracy and stability of the ppb level gas measurement is enhanced even in heterogeneous environments, thus avoiding the need for data post-processing with mathematical algorithms, such as multi-linear regression. This establishes the potential for use in personal exposure monitoring, which has been difficult in the past, and for reporting more accurate and reliable data in real-time to support personal exposure assessment and portable air quality monitoring applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huixin Zong
- Division of Environment and Sustainability, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China; (H.Z.); (L.S.); (P.W.); (M.C.); (W.C.); (A.K.-H.L.)
| | - Peter Brimblecombe
- Department of Marine Environment and Engineering, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan;
| | - Li Sun
- Division of Environment and Sustainability, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China; (H.Z.); (L.S.); (P.W.); (M.C.); (W.C.); (A.K.-H.L.)
| | - Peng Wei
- Division of Environment and Sustainability, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China; (H.Z.); (L.S.); (P.W.); (M.C.); (W.C.); (A.K.-H.L.)
| | - Kin-Fai Ho
- JC School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China;
| | - Qingli Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Ministry of Education, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China; (Q.Z.); (J.C.); (H.K.)
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Jing Cai
- Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Ministry of Education, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China; (Q.Z.); (J.C.); (H.K.)
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Haidong Kan
- Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Ministry of Education, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China; (Q.Z.); (J.C.); (H.K.)
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Mengyuan Chu
- Division of Environment and Sustainability, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China; (H.Z.); (L.S.); (P.W.); (M.C.); (W.C.); (A.K.-H.L.)
| | - Wenwei Che
- Division of Environment and Sustainability, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China; (H.Z.); (L.S.); (P.W.); (M.C.); (W.C.); (A.K.-H.L.)
| | - Alexis Kai-Hon Lau
- Division of Environment and Sustainability, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China; (H.Z.); (L.S.); (P.W.); (M.C.); (W.C.); (A.K.-H.L.)
| | - Zhi Ning
- Division of Environment and Sustainability, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China; (H.Z.); (L.S.); (P.W.); (M.C.); (W.C.); (A.K.-H.L.)
- Correspondence:
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Abstract
The conventional CO electrochemical gas sensor uses aqueous H2SO4 solution as electrolyte, with inevitable problems, such as the drying and leakage of electrolyte. Thus, research on new alternative electrolytes is an attractive field in electrochemical gas sensors. In this paper, the application of a new fumed SiO2 gel electrolyte was studied in electrochemical gas sensors. The effects of fumed SiO2 and H2SO4 contents on the performance of the CO gas sensor were investigated. The results showed that the optimized composition of the SiO2 gel electrolyte was 4.8% SiO2, 38% H2SO4, and 0.005% polyvinyl alcohol (PVA). Compared with aqueous H2SO4, the gel electrolyte had better water retention ability. The signal current of the sensor was proportional to the CO concentration. The sensitivity to CO was 78.6 nA/ppm, and the response and recovery times were 31 and 38 s, respectively. The detection limit was 2 ppm. The linear range was from 2 to 500 ppm. The gel electrolyte CO sensor possesses equivalent performance to that with aqueous electrolyte.
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Beswick-Honn JM, Peters TM, Anthony TR. Evaluation of Low-Cost Hydrogen Sulfide Monitors for Use in Livestock Production. J Agric Saf Health 2018; 23:265-279. [PMID: 29140644 DOI: 10.13031/jash.12530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Direct-reading gas monitors warn workers of the risk of potentially fatal hydrogen sulfide (H2S) exposures that may arise during manure handling. Low-cost, low-maintenance H2S monitors are available from many manufacturers, but differences in their features and performance make selection challenging for farmers. Moreover, little information is available on the practical maintenance and performance of these devices in agricultural environments. The objective of this study was to provide information to agricultural workers to aid in the selection, maintenance, and use of low-cost H2S monitors. This laboratory study evaluated the performance of several low-cost monitors over a simulated period of use of one year in a swine barn. Four models were exposed to H2S concentrations of 1 to 10 ppm over 18 weeks to examine the drift in reported concentration and changes in the alarm reaction time. Over the simulated barn year, the performance of alarm-only monitors declined faster than that of monitors displaying the H2S concentration. Of concern was the high-level (20 ppm) alarm failures after an equivalent of 139 days (Altair) and 289 days (BW Clip) in a swine barn, well within the monitor's reported shelf-life. Models displaying concentration exhibited fewer failures but were inaccurate in the displayed concentration when challenged with 20 ppm of H2S. The T40 Rattler provided consistently higher readings (+2.3 ppm), and the Pac 3500 showed consistently lower readings (-3.4 ppm) when challenged with 20 ppm. This study confirms the need for routine bump tests for these low-cost monitors to ensure that the monitor reacts to the presence of H2S, even if the manufacturer does not recommend this procedure. Most importantly, agricultural workers should inspect and bump test these monitors prior to any potentially high-risk activity, such as manure agitation, pumping, or pressure washing, to ensure that the monitor appropriately detects and warns users.
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Sun L, Westerdahl D, Ning Z. Development and Evaluation of A Novel and Cost-Effective Approach for Low-Cost NO₂ Sensor Drift Correction. SENSORS 2017; 17:s17081916. [PMID: 28825633 PMCID: PMC5580082 DOI: 10.3390/s17081916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2017] [Revised: 08/15/2017] [Accepted: 08/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Emerging low-cost gas sensor technologies have received increasing attention in recent years for air quality measurements due to their small size and convenient deployment. However, in the diverse applications these sensors face many technological challenges, including sensor drift over long-term deployment that cannot be easily addressed using mathematical correction algorithms or machine learning methods. This study aims to develop a novel approach to auto-correct the drift of commonly used electrochemical nitrogen dioxide (NO2) sensor with comprehensive evaluation of its application. The impact of environmental factors on the NO2 electrochemical sensor in low-ppb concentration level measurement was evaluated in laboratory and the temperature and relative humidity correction algorithm was evaluated. An automated zeroing protocol was developed and assessed using a chemical absorbent to remove NO2 as a means to perform zero correction in varying ambient conditions. The sensor system was operated in three different environments in which data were compared to a reference NO2 analyzer. The results showed that the zero-calibration protocol effectively corrected the observed drift of the sensor output. This technique offers the ability to enhance the performance of low-cost sensor based systems and these findings suggest extension of the approach to improve data quality from sensors measuring other gaseous pollutants in urban air.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Sun
- School of Energy and Environment, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Dane Westerdahl
- School of Energy and Environment, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Zhi Ning
- School of Energy and Environment, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China.
- Guy Carpenter Climate Change Centre, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China.
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Gunawan CA, Ge M, Zhao C. Robust and versatile ionic liquid microarrays achieved by microcontact printing. Nat Commun 2014; 5:3744. [DOI: 10.1038/ncomms4744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2013] [Accepted: 03/28/2014] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
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Ciampi S, Guan B, Darwish NA, Zhu Y, Reece PJ, Justin Gooding J. A multimodal optical and electrochemical device for monitoring surface reactions: redox active surfaces in porous silicon Rugate filters. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2012; 14:16433-9. [DOI: 10.1039/c2cp43461j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Measurement uncertainty estimation in amperometric sensors: a tutorial review. SENSORS 2010; 10:4430-55. [PMID: 22399887 PMCID: PMC3292126 DOI: 10.3390/s100504430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2010] [Revised: 03/29/2010] [Accepted: 04/10/2010] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
This tutorial focuses on measurement uncertainty estimation in amperometric sensors (both for liquid and gas-phase measurements). The main uncertainty sources are reviewed and their contributions are discussed with relation to the principles of operation of the sensors, measurement conditions and properties of the measured samples. The discussion is illustrated by case studies based on the two major approaches for uncertainty evaluation–the ISO GUM modeling approach and the Nordtest approach. This tutorial is expected to be of interest to workers in different fields of science who use measurements with amperometric sensors and need to evaluate the uncertainty of the obtained results but are new to the concept of measurement uncertainty. The tutorial is also expected to be educative in order to make measurement results more accurate.
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Cheng KC, Acevedo-Bolton V, Jiang RT, Klepeis NE, Ott WR, Hildemann LM. Model-based reconstruction of the time response of electrochemical air pollutant monitors to rapidly varying concentrations. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010; 12:846-53. [DOI: 10.1039/b921806h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Lu HH, Lin CY, Hsiao TC, Fang YY, Ho KC, Yang D, Lee CK, Hsu SM, Lin CW. Electrical properties of single and multiple poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) nanowires for sensing nitric oxide gas. Anal Chim Acta 2009; 640:68-74. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2009.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2008] [Revised: 03/02/2009] [Accepted: 03/04/2009] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Hodgson AWE, Jacquinot P, Hauser PC. Electrochemical Sensor for the Detection of SO2 in the Low-ppb Range. Anal Chem 1999. [DOI: 10.1021/ac9812429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A. W. E. Hodgson
- Chemistry Department, University of Basel, Spitalstrasse 51, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - P. Jacquinot
- Chemistry Department, University of Basel, Spitalstrasse 51, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - P. C. Hauser
- Chemistry Department, University of Basel, Spitalstrasse 51, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
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Lu J, Gong S, Yan H, Yang J. The Interfacial Charging Transient of Gas Sensors Made from Porous Gas-Diffusion Electrodes. ELECTROANAL 1999. [DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1521-4109(199904)11:4<249::aid-elan249>3.0.co;2-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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