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Ro S, Park J, Yoo H, Han C, Lee A, Lee Y, Kim M, Han Y, Svensson A, Shin J, Ro CU, Hong S. Millennial-scale variability of Greenland dust provenance during the last glacial maximum as determined by single particle analysis. Sci Rep 2024; 14:2040. [PMID: 38263283 PMCID: PMC10805741 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-52546-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 01/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Greenland ice core records exhibited 100-fold higher dust concentrations during the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) than during the Holocene, and dust input temporal variability corresponded to different climate states in the LGM. While East Asian deserts, the Sahara, and European loess have been suggested as the potential source areas (PSAs) for Greenland LGM dust, millennial-scale variability in their relative contributions within the LGM remains poorly constrained. Here, we present the morphological, mineralogical, and geochemical characteristics of insoluble microparticles to constrain the provenance of dust in Greenland NEEM ice core samples covering cold Greenland Stadials (GS)-2.1a to GS-3 (~ 14.7 to 27.1 kyr ago) in the LGM. The analysis was conducted on individual particles in microdroplet samples by scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and Raman microspectroscopy. We found that the kaolinite-to-chlorite (K/C) ratios and chemical index of alteration (CIA) values were substantially higher (K/C: 1.4 ± 0.7, CIA: 74.7 ± 2.9) during GS-2.1a to 2.1c than during GS-3 (K/C: 0.5 ± 0.1, CIA: 65.8 ± 2.8). Our records revealed a significant increase in Saharan dust contributions from GS-2.1a to GS-2.1c and that the Gobi Desert and/or European loess were potential source(s) during GS-3. This conclusion is further supported by distinctly different carbon contents in particles corresponding to GS-2.1 and GS-3. These results are consistent with previous estimates of proportional dust source contributions obtained using a mixing model based on Pb and Sr isotopic compositions in NEEM LGM ice and indicate millennial-scale changes in Greenland dust provenance that are probably linked to large-scale atmospheric circulation variabilities during the LGM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seokhyun Ro
- Department of Ocean Sciences, Inha University, 100 Inha-ro, Michuhol-gu, Incheon, 22212, Republic of Korea
- Division of Glacial Environment Research, Korea Polar Research Institute, 26 Songdomirae-ro, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon, 21990, Republic of Korea
| | - Jonghyeon Park
- Department of Chemistry, Inha University, 100 Inha-ro, Michuhol-gu, Incheon, 22212, Republic of Korea
- Marine Environment Research Department, Ara Consulting and Technology, 30 Songdomirae-ro, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon, 21990, Republic of Korea
| | - Hanjin Yoo
- Department of Chemistry, Inha University, 100 Inha-ro, Michuhol-gu, Incheon, 22212, Republic of Korea
- Particle Pollution Research and Management Center, Inha University, 36 Gaetbeol-ro, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon, 21999, Republic of Korea
| | - Changhee Han
- Department of Water Environmental Safety Management, Korea Water Resources Corporation, 200 Sintanjin-ro, Daedeok-gu, Daejeon, 34350, Republic of Korea
| | - Ahhyung Lee
- Department of Ocean Sciences, Inha University, 100 Inha-ro, Michuhol-gu, Incheon, 22212, Republic of Korea
- Unit of Frontier Exploration, Korea Polar Research Institute, 26 Songdomirae-ro, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon, 21990, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoojin Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Inha University, 100 Inha-ro, Michuhol-gu, Incheon, 22212, Republic of Korea
| | - Minjeong Kim
- Division of Glacial Environment Research, Korea Polar Research Institute, 26 Songdomirae-ro, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon, 21990, Republic of Korea
- Department of Chemistry, Inha University, 100 Inha-ro, Michuhol-gu, Incheon, 22212, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeongcheol Han
- Division of Glacial Environment Research, Korea Polar Research Institute, 26 Songdomirae-ro, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon, 21990, Republic of Korea
| | - Anders Svensson
- Centre for Ice and Climate, Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Julian 10 Maries Vej 30, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jinhwa Shin
- Division of Glacial Environment Research, Korea Polar Research Institute, 26 Songdomirae-ro, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon, 21990, Republic of Korea
| | - Chul-Un Ro
- Department of Chemistry, Inha University, 100 Inha-ro, Michuhol-gu, Incheon, 22212, Republic of Korea.
- Particle Pollution Research and Management Center, Inha University, 36 Gaetbeol-ro, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon, 21999, Republic of Korea.
| | - Sungmin Hong
- Department of Ocean Sciences, Inha University, 100 Inha-ro, Michuhol-gu, Incheon, 22212, Republic of Korea.
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Multi-Modal Compositional Analysis of Layered Paint Chips of Automobiles by the Combined Application of ATR-FTIR Imaging, Raman Microspectrometry, and SEM/EDX. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24071381. [PMID: 30965685 PMCID: PMC6479518 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24071381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2019] [Revised: 04/04/2019] [Accepted: 04/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
For the forensic analysis of multi-layered paint chips of hit-and-run cars, detailed compositional analysis, including minor/trace chemical components in the multi-layered paint chips, is crucial for the potential credentials of the run-away car as the number of layers, painting process, and used paints are quite specific to the types of cars, color of cars, and their surface protection depending on the car manufacturer and the year of manufacture, and yet overall characteristics of some paints used by car manufacturers might be quite similar. In the present study, attenuated total reflectance-Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) imaging, Raman microspectrometry (RMS), and scanning electron microscopy/energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometric (SEM/EDX) techniques were performed in combination for the detailed characterization of three car paint chip samples, which provided complementary and comprehensive information on the multi-layered paint chips. That is, optical microscopy, SEM, and ATR-FTIR imaging techniques provided information on the number of layers, physical heterogeneity of the layers, and layer thicknesses; EDX on the elemental chemical profiles and compositions; ATR-FTIR imaging on the molecular species of polymer resins, such as alkyd, alkyd-melamine, acrylic, epoxy, and butadiene resins, and some inorganics; and RMS on the molecular species of inorganic pigments (TiO2, ZnO, Fe3O4), mineral fillers (kaolinite, talc, pyrophyllite), and inorganic fillers (BaSO4, Al2(SO4)3, Zn3(PO4)2, CaCO3). This study demonstrates that the new multi-modal approach has powerful potential to elucidate chemical and physical characteristics of multi-layered car paint chips, which could be useful for determining the potential credentials of run-away cars.
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Yin L, Fu Z, Li Y, Liu B, Lin Z, Lu J, Chen X, Han X, Deng Y, Hu W, Zou D, Zhong C. Enhanced antibacterial properties of biocompatible titanium via electrochemically deposited Ag/TiO2 nanotubes and chitosan–gelatin–Ag–ZnO complex coating. RSC Adv 2019; 9:4521-4529. [PMID: 35520209 PMCID: PMC9060590 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra07682k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2018] [Accepted: 01/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
A novel double-layered antibacterial coating was fabricated on pure titanium (Ti) via a simple three-step electrodeposition process. Scanning electronic microscopy (SEM) images show that the coating was constructed with the inner layer of TiO2 nanotubes doped with silver nanoparticles (TNTs/Ag) and the outer layer of chitosan–gelatin mixture with zinc oxide and silver nanoparticles (CS–Gel–Ag–ZnO). In comparison, we also investigated the composition, structure and antibacterial properties of pure Ti coated with TNTs, TNTs/Ag or TNTs/Ag + CS–Gel–Ag–ZnO, respectively. The TNTs was about 100 nm wide and 240 nm to 370 nm tall, and most Ag nanoparticles (Ag NPs) with diameter smaller than 20 nm were successfully deposited inside the tubes. The CS–Gel–Ag–ZnO layer was continuous and uniform. Antibacterial activity against planktonic and adherent bacteria were both investigated. Agar diffusion test against Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) shows improved antibacterial capacity of the TNTs/Ag + CS–Gel–Ag–ZnO coating, with a clear zone of inhibition (ZOI) up to 14.5 mm wide. Dead adherent bacteria were found on the surface by SEM. The antibacterial rate against planktonic S. aureus was as high as 99.2% over the 24 h incubation period. A novel complex antibacterial coating fabricated via a simple three-step electrodeposition process shows high antibacterial rate of 99.2%.![]()
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Siepka D, Uzu G, Stefaniak EA, Sobanska S. Combining Raman microspectrometry and chemometrics for determining quantitative molecular composition and mixing state of atmospheric aerosol particles. Microchem J 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2017.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Gharaei R, Tronci G, Davies RPW, Gough C, Alazragi R, Goswami P, Russell SJ. A structurally self-assembled peptide nano-architecture by one-step electrospinning. J Mater Chem B 2016; 4:5475-5485. [DOI: 10.1039/c6tb01164k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Peptide self-assembly during electrospinning while the solvent is evaporating and the fibres are forming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robabeh Gharaei
- Nonwovens Research Group
- School of Design
- University of Leeds
- Leeds LS2 9JT
- UK
| | - Giuseppe Tronci
- Nonwovens Research Group
- School of Design
- University of Leeds
- Leeds LS2 9JT
- UK
| | - Robert P. W. Davies
- Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering Research Group
- School of Dentistry
- St. James's University Hospital
- University of Leeds
- Leeds LS9 7TF
| | - Caroline Gough
- Division of Oral Biology
- School of Dentistry
- University of Leeds
- Leeds LS2 9JT
- UK
| | - Reem Alazragi
- Centre for Self-Organising Molecular Systems
- School of Chemistry
- University of Leeds
- Leeds LS2 9JT
- UK
| | - Parikshit Goswami
- Fibre and Fabric Functionalisation Research Group
- School of Design
- University of Leeds
- Leeds LS2 9JT
- UK
| | - Stephen J. Russell
- Nonwovens Research Group
- School of Design
- University of Leeds
- Leeds LS2 9JT
- UK
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6
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Keränen A, Leiviskä T, Hormi O, Tanskanen J. Removal of nitrate by modified pine sawdust: effects of temperature and co-existing anions. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2015; 147:46-54. [PMID: 25261751 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2014.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2014] [Revised: 09/01/2014] [Accepted: 09/05/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The effect of temperature, sulphate and phosphate, and the initial nitrate concentration on nitrate removal was studied with synthetic solutions. Chemically modified pine sawdust (Pinus sylvestris) anion exchange resin (MPSD) was used in the sorption studies. The resin was synthesized by reacting pine sawdust with epichlorohydrin, ethylenediamine and triethylamine in the presence of N,N-dimethylformamide. Nitrate removal was successful at 5-70 °C. Higher temperatures caused nitrate removal to decrease moderately, but sorption capacities of 22.2-32.8 mg/g for NO3-N were achieved. The removal of nitrate in the presence of sulphate or phosphate was studied at concentrations of 30 mg N/l, 10-500 mg S/l and 1-50 mg P/l. A significant decrease in nitrate reduction was observed at sulphate and phosphate concentrations of 100 mg S/l and 50 mg P/l, respectively. The effect of initial nitrate concentration was studied in column. Nitrate sorption was clearly dependent on the initial concentration. Desorption of nitrate in column was completed using about 80 bed volumes of 0.1 M NaCl solution. The sorption data were fitted to the Langmuir, Freundlich and Redlich-Peterson adsorption models. The Redlich-Peterson and Langmuir models gave the best fit, which suggests monolayer sorption. Thermodynamic studies revealed that the sorption of nitrate was spontaneous and exothermic in nature. The results imply that modified pine sawdust could be a feasible alternative in the treatment of real industrial wastewaters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anni Keränen
- University of Oulu, Chemical Process Engineering, P.O. Box 4300, 90014 University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.
| | - Tiina Leiviskä
- University of Oulu, Chemical Process Engineering, P.O. Box 4300, 90014 University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.
| | - Osmo Hormi
- University of Oulu, Department of Physics and Chemistry, P.O. Box 3000, 90014 University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.
| | - Juha Tanskanen
- University of Oulu, Chemical Process Engineering, P.O. Box 4300, 90014 University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.
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7
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Leiviskä T, Keränen A, Vainionpää N, Al Amir J, Hormi O, Tanskanen J. Vanadium(V) removal from aqueous solution and real wastewater using quaternized pine sawdust. WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY : A JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION ON WATER POLLUTION RESEARCH 2015; 72:437-442. [PMID: 26204076 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2015.227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Cross-linked and quaternized pine sawdust was tested for vanadium removal from a synthetic aqueous solution as well as from real industrial wastewater which had a considerable amount of vanadium and other ions such as sulphate, ammonium and nickel. The maximum vanadium sorption capacity of the modified pine sawdust was found to be 130 mg/g in synthetic solution and 103 mg/g in real wastewater. Modified pine sawdust worked well over a wide range of pH. Column studies with real wastewater proved that vanadium was efficiently desorbed from the material with 2 M NaOH and that the material could be reused.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Leiviskä
- Chemical Process Engineering, University of Oulu, PO Box 4300, Oulu FIN-90014, Finland E-mail:
| | - A Keränen
- Chemical Process Engineering, University of Oulu, PO Box 4300, Oulu FIN-90014, Finland E-mail:
| | - N Vainionpää
- Chemical Process Engineering, University of Oulu, PO Box 4300, Oulu FIN-90014, Finland E-mail:
| | - J Al Amir
- Chemical Process Engineering, University of Oulu, PO Box 4300, Oulu FIN-90014, Finland E-mail:
| | - O Hormi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oulu, PO Box 4300, Oulu FIN-90014, Finland
| | - J Tanskanen
- Chemical Process Engineering, University of Oulu, PO Box 4300, Oulu FIN-90014, Finland E-mail:
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8
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Sobanska S, Falgayrac G, Rimetz-Planchon J, Perdrix E, Brémard C, Barbillat J. Resolving the internal structure of individual atmospheric aerosol particle by the combination of Atomic Force Microscopy, ESEM–EDX, Raman and ToF–SIMS imaging. Microchem J 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2013.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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9
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Jung HJ, Eom HJ, Kang HW, Moreau M, Sobanska S, Ro CU. Combined use of quantitative ED-EPMA, Raman microspectrometry, and ATR-FTIR imaging techniques for the analysis of individual particles. Analyst 2014; 139:3949-60. [DOI: 10.1039/c4an00380b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Quantitative ED-EPMA, RMS, and ATR-FTIR imaging techniques were used in combination for the analysis of the same individual particles for the first time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hae-Jin Jung
- Air Quality Research Division
- National Institute of Environmental Research
- Seo-gu, South Korea
| | - Hyo-Jin Eom
- Department of Chemistry
- Inha University
- Nam Gu, South Korea
| | - Hyun-Woo Kang
- Department of Chemistry
- Inha University
- Nam Gu, South Korea
| | - Myriam Moreau
- Laboratoire de Spectrochimie Infrarouge et Raman
- UMR CNRS 8516
- Université de Lille 1
- 59655 Villeneuve d'Ascq Cedex, France
| | - Sophie Sobanska
- Laboratoire de Spectrochimie Infrarouge et Raman
- UMR CNRS 8516
- Université de Lille 1
- 59655 Villeneuve d'Ascq Cedex, France
| | - Chul-Un Ro
- Department of Chemistry
- Inha University
- Nam Gu, South Korea
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Eom HJ, Jung HJ, Sobanska S, Chung SG, Son YS, Kim JC, Sunwoo Y, Ro CU. Iron Speciation of Airborne Subway Particles by the Combined Use of Energy Dispersive Electron Probe X-ray Microanalysis and Raman Microspectrometry. Anal Chem 2013; 85:10424-31. [DOI: 10.1021/ac402406n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hyo-Jin Eom
- Department
of Chemistry, Inha University, 253, Yonghyun-dong, Nam-gu, Incheon 402-751, Korea
| | - Hae-Jin Jung
- Department
of Chemistry, Inha University, 253, Yonghyun-dong, Nam-gu, Incheon 402-751, Korea
| | - Sophie Sobanska
- Laboratoire de
Spectrochimie Infrarouge et Raman, UMR CNRS 8516, Université de Lille 1, Bât.
C5, 59655 Villeneuve
d’Ascq, Cedex, France
| | - Sang-Gwi Chung
- Department
of Advanced Technology Fusion, Konkuk University, Seoul 143-701, Korea
| | - Youn-Suk Son
- Department
of Advanced Technology Fusion, Konkuk University, Seoul 143-701, Korea
| | - Jo-Chun Kim
- Department
of Advanced Technology Fusion, Konkuk University, Seoul 143-701, Korea
- Department
of Environmental Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul 143-701, Korea
| | - Young Sunwoo
- Department
of Advanced Technology Fusion, Konkuk University, Seoul 143-701, Korea
| | - Chul-Un Ro
- Department
of Chemistry, Inha University, 253, Yonghyun-dong, Nam-gu, Incheon 402-751, Korea
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Horemans B, Van Holsbeke C, Vos W, Darchuk L, Novakovic V, Fontan AC, De Backer J, Van Grieken R, De Backer W, De Wael K. Particle deposition in airways of chronic respiratory patients exposed to an urban aerosol. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2012; 46:12162-12169. [PMID: 23035859 DOI: 10.1021/es302755s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Urban atmospheres in modern cities carry characteristic mixtures of particulate pollution which are potentially aggravating for chronic respiratory patients (CRP). Although air quality surveys can be detailed, the obtained information is not always useful to evaluate human health effects. This paper presents a novel approach to estimate particle deposition rates in airways of CRP, based on real air pollution data. By combining computational fluid dynamics with physical-chemical characteristics of particulate pollution, deposition rates are estimated for particles of different toxicological relevance, that is, minerals, iron oxides, sea salts, ammonium salts, and carbonaceous particles. Also, it enables some qualitative evaluation of the spatial, temporal, and patient specific effects on the particle dose upon exposure to the urban atmosphere. Results show how heavy traffic conditions increases the deposition of anthropogenic particles in the trachea and lungs of respiratory patients (here, +0.28 and +1.5 μg·h(-1), respectively). In addition, local and synoptic meteorological conditions were found to have a strong effect on the overall dose. However, the pathology and age of the patient was found to be more crucial, with highest deposition rates for toxic particles in adults with a mild anomaly, followed by mild asthmatic children and adults with severe respiratory dysfunctions (7, 5, and 3 μg·h(-1), respectively).
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Horemans
- Environmental analysis, Departement of Chemistry, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, Antwerp, B-2610, Belgium.
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12
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Anaf W, Horemans B, Van Grieken R, De Wael K. Chemical boundary conditions for the classification of aerosol particles using computer controlled electron probe microanalysis. Talanta 2012; 101:420-7. [PMID: 23158343 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2012.09.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2012] [Revised: 09/12/2012] [Accepted: 09/22/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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13
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Tomita M, Isobe S, Yamamoto H. Practical usefulness of SEM-EDX spectrum subtraction for material identification of individual submicrometer-sized particles on glass substrate. SURF INTERFACE ANAL 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/sia.4858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Masato Tomita
- Corning Technology Center; Corning Holding Japan GK; 12117, Obuchi, Kakegawa; Shizuoka; 437-1397; Japan
| | - Sumiko Isobe
- Corning Technology Center; Corning Holding Japan GK; 12117, Obuchi, Kakegawa; Shizuoka; 437-1397; Japan
| | - Hideki Yamamoto
- Corning Technology Center; Corning Holding Japan GK; 12117, Obuchi, Kakegawa; Shizuoka; 437-1397; Japan
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Krupińska B, Worobiec A, Gatto Rotondo G, Novaković V, Kontozova V, Ro CU, Van Grieken R, De Wael K. Assessment of the air quality (NO2, SO2, O3 and particulate matter) in the Plantin-Moretus Museum/Print Room in Antwerp, Belgium, in different seasons of the year. Microchem J 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2011.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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15
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Jung HJ, Kim B, Malek MA, Koo YS, Jung JH, Son YS, Kim JC, Kim H, Ro CU. Chemical speciation of size-segregated floor dusts and airborne magnetic particles collected at underground subway stations in Seoul, Korea. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2012; 213-214:331-340. [PMID: 22381374 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2012.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2011] [Revised: 02/01/2012] [Accepted: 02/02/2012] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies have reported the major chemical species of underground subway particles to be Fe-containing species that are generated from wear and friction processes at rail-wheel-brake and catenaries-pantographs interfaces. To examine chemical composition of Fe-containing particles in more details, floor dusts were collected at five sampling locations of an underground subway station. Size-segregated floor dusts were separated into magnetic and non-magnetic fractions using a permanent magnet. Using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy/energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry (SEM/EDX), iron metal, which is relatively harmless, was found to be the dominating chemical species in the floor dusts of the <25 μm size fractions with minor fractions of Mg, Al, Si, Ca, S, and C. From SEM analysis, the floor dusts of the <25 μm size fractions collected on railroad ties appeared to be smaller than 10 μm, indicating that their characteristics should somewhat reflect the characteristics of airborne particles in the tunnel and the platform. As most floor dusts are magnetic, PM levels at underground subway stations can be controlled by removing magnetic indoor particles using magnets. In addition, airborne subway particles, most of which were smaller than 10 μm, were collected using permanent magnets at two underground subway stations, namely Jegi and Yangjae stations, in Seoul, Korea. XRD and SEM/EDX analyses showed that most of the magnetic aerosol particles collected at Jegi station was iron metal, whereas those at Yangjae station contained a small amount of Fe mixed with Na, Mg, Al, Si, S, Ca, and C. The difference in composition of the Fe-containing particles between the two subway stations was attributed to the different ballast tracks used.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hae-Jin Jung
- Department of Chemistry, Inha University, 253, Yonghyun-dong, Nam-gu, Incheon 402-751, Republic of Korea
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Sobanska S, Hwang H, Choël M, Jung HJ, Eom HJ, Kim H, Barbillat J, Ro CU. Investigation of the Chemical Mixing State of Individual Asian Dust Particles by the Combined Use of Electron Probe X-ray Microanalysis and Raman Microspectrometry. Anal Chem 2012; 84:3145-54. [DOI: 10.1021/ac2029584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Sobanska
- Laboratoire de Spectrochimie
Infrarouge et Raman, UMR CNRS 8516, Université de Lille 1, Bât. C5, 59655 Villeneuve d’Ascq
Cedex, France
| | - HeeJin Hwang
- Korea Polar Research Institute, Songdo Dong, Yeonsu Gu, 406-840 Incheon,
South Korea
| | - Marie Choël
- Laboratoire de Spectrochimie
Infrarouge et Raman, UMR CNRS 8516, Université de Lille 1, Bât. C5, 59655 Villeneuve d’Ascq
Cedex, France
| | - Hae-Jin Jung
- Department of
Chemistry, Inha University, Yonghyun Dong,
Nam Gu, 402-751 Incheon,
South Korea
| | - Hyo-Jin Eom
- Department of
Chemistry, Inha University, Yonghyun Dong,
Nam Gu, 402-751 Incheon,
South Korea
| | - HyeKyeong Kim
- Department of
Chemistry, Inha University, Yonghyun Dong,
Nam Gu, 402-751 Incheon,
South Korea
| | - Jacques Barbillat
- Laboratoire de Spectrochimie
Infrarouge et Raman, UMR CNRS 8516, Université de Lille 1, Bât. C5, 59655 Villeneuve d’Ascq
Cedex, France
| | - Chul-Un Ro
- Department of
Chemistry, Inha University, Yonghyun Dong,
Nam Gu, 402-751 Incheon,
South Korea
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Hitchcock AP, Obst M, Wang J, Lu YS, Tyliszczak T. Advances in the detection of as in environmental samples using low energy X-ray fluorescence in a scanning transmission X-ray microscope: arsenic immobilization by an Fe(II)-oxidizing freshwater bacteria. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2012; 46:2821-2829. [PMID: 22283463 DOI: 10.1021/es202238k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Speciation and quantitative mapping of elements, organic and inorganic compounds, and mineral phases in environmental samples at high spatial resolution is needed in many areas of geobiochemistry and environmental science. Scanning transmission X-ray microscopes (STXMs) provide a focused beam which can interrogate samples at a fine spatial scale. Quantitative chemical information can be extracted using the transmitted and energy-resolved X-ray fluorescence channels simultaneously. Here we compare the relative merits of transmission and low-energy X-ray fluorescence detection of X-ray absorption for speciation and quantitative analysis of the spatial distribution of arsenic(V) within cell-mineral aggregates formed by Acidovorax sp. strain BoFeN1, an anaerobic nitrate-reducing Fe(II)-oxidizing β-proteobacteria isolated from the sediments of Lake Constance. This species is noted to be highly tolerant to high levels of As(V). Related, As-tolerant Acidovorax-strains have been found in As-contaminated groundwater wells in Bangladesh and Cambodia wherein they might influence the mobility of As by providing sorption sites which might have different properties as compared to chemically formed Fe-minerals. In addition to demonstrating the lower detection limits that are achieved with X-ray fluorescence relative to transmission detection in STXM, this study helps to gain insights into the mechanisms of As immobilization by biogenic Fe-mineral formation and to further the understanding of As-resistance of anaerobic Fe(II)-oxidizing bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- A P Hitchcock
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada L8S 4M1.
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18
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Kontozova-Deutsch V, Deutsch F, Godoi RH, Van Grieken R, De Wael K. Urban air pollutants and their micro effects on medieval stained glass windows. Microchem J 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2011.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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19
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Gupta D, Ghosh R, Mitra AK, Roy S, Sarkar M, Chowdhury S, Bhowmik A, Mukhopadhyay U, Maskey S, Ro CU. Nondestructive characterization of municipal-solid-waste-contaminated surface soil by energy-dispersive X-ray fluorescence and low-Z (atomic number) particle electron probe X-ray microanalysis. JOURNAL OF THE AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOCIATION (1995) 2011; 61:1102-1114. [PMID: 22168094 DOI: 10.1080/10473289.2011.604286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The long-term environmental impact of municipal solid waste (MSW) landfilling is still under investigation due to the lack of detailed characterization studies. A MSW landfill site, popularly known as Dhapa, in the eastern fringe of the metropolis of Kolkata, India, is the subject of present study. A vast area of Dhapa, adjoining the current core MSW dump site and evolving from the raw MSW dumping in the past, is presently used for the cultivation of vegetables. The inorganic chemical characteristics of the MSW-contaminated Dhapa surface soil (covering a 2-km stretch of the area) along with a natural composite (geogenic) soil sample (from a small countryside farm), for comparison, were investigated using two complementary nondestructive analytical techniques, energy-dispersive X-ray fluorescence (EDXRF) for bulk analysis and low-Z (atomic number) particle electron probe X-ray microanalysis (low-Z particle EPMA) for single-particle analysis. The bulk concentrations of K, Rb, and Zr remain almost unchanged in all the soil samples. The Dhapa soil is found to be polluted with heavy metals such as Cu, Zn, and Pb (highly elevated) and Ti, Cr, Mn, Fe, Ni, and Sr (moderately elevated), compared to the natural countryside soil. These high bulk concentration levels of heavy metals were compared with the Ecological Soil Screening Levels for these elements (U.S. Environment Protection Agency) to assess the potential risk on the immediate biotic environment. Low-Z particle EPMA results showed that the aluminosilicate-containing particles were the most abundant, followed by SiO2, CaCO3-containing, and carbonaceous particles in the Dhapa samples, whereas in the countryside sample only aluminosilicate-containing and SiO2 particles were observed. The mineral particles encountered in the countryside sample are solely of geogenic origin, whereas those from the Dhapa samples seem to have evolved from a mixture of raw dumped MSW, urban dust, and other contributing factors such as wind, precipitation, weather patterns, farming, and water logging, resulting in their diverse chemical compositions and the abundant observation of carbonaceous species. Particles containing C and P were more abundant in the Dhapa samples than in the countryside soil sample, suggesting that MSW-contaminated soils are more fertile. However, the levels of particles containing potentially toxic heavy metals such as Cr, Mn, Ni, Cu, Zn, and/or Pb in the Dhapa samples were significant, corroborated by their high bulk concentration levels (EDXRF), causing deep concern for the immediate environment and contamination of the food chain through food crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhrubajyoti Gupta
- Nuclear and Atomic Physics Division, Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics, Kolkata, India
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Malek MA, Kim B, Jung HJ, Song YC, Ro CU. Single-Particle Mineralogy of Chinese Soil Particles by the Combined Use of Low-Z Particle Electron Probe X-ray Microanalysis and Attenuated Total Reflectance-FT-IR Imaging Techniques. Anal Chem 2011; 83:7970-7. [DOI: 10.1021/ac201956h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Md Abdul Malek
- Department of Chemistry, Inha University, 253, Yonghyun-dong, Nam-gu, Incheon 402-751, Korea
| | - BoWha Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Inha University, 253, Yonghyun-dong, Nam-gu, Incheon 402-751, Korea
| | - Hae-Jin Jung
- Department of Chemistry, Inha University, 253, Yonghyun-dong, Nam-gu, Incheon 402-751, Korea
| | - Young-Chul Song
- Department of Chemistry, Inha University, 253, Yonghyun-dong, Nam-gu, Incheon 402-751, Korea
| | - Chul-Un Ro
- Department of Chemistry, Inha University, 253, Yonghyun-dong, Nam-gu, Incheon 402-751, Korea
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21
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Maskey S, Geng H, Song YC, Hwang H, Yoon YJ, Ahn KH, Ro CU. Single-particle characterization of summertime Antarctic aerosols collected at King George Island using quantitative energy-dispersive electron probe X-ray microanalysis and attenuated total reflection Fourier transform-infrared imaging techniques. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2011; 45:6275-6282. [PMID: 21675791 DOI: 10.1021/es200936m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Single-particle characterization of Antarctic aerosols was performed to investigate the impact of marine biogenic sulfur species on the chemical compositions of sea-salt aerosols in the polar atmosphere. Quantitative energy-dispersive electron probe X-ray microanalysis was used to characterize 2900 individual particles in 10 sets of aerosol samples collected between March 12 and 16, 2009 at King Sejong Station, a Korean scientific research station located at King George Island in the Antarctic. Two size modes of particles, i.e., PM(2.5-10) and PM(1.0-2.5), were analyzed, and four types of particles were identified, with sulfur-containing sea-salt particles being the most abundant, followed by genuine sea-salt particles without sulfur species, iron-containing particles, and other species including CaCO(3)/CaMg(CO(3))(2), organic carbon, and aluminosilicates. When a sulfur-containing sea-salt particle showed an atomic concentration ratio of sulfur to sodium of >0.083 (seawater ratio), it is regarded as containing nonsea-salt sulfate (nss-SO(4)(2-)) and/or methanesulfonate (CH(3)SO(3)(-)), which was supported by attenuated total reflection Fourier transform-infrared imaging measurements. These internal mixture particles of sea-salt/CH(3)SO(3)(-)/SO(4)(2-) were very frequently encountered. As nitrate-containing particles were not encountered, and the air-masses for all of the samples originated from the Pacific Ocean (based on 5-day backward trajectories), the oxidation of dimethylsulfide (DMS) emitted from phytoplanktons in the ocean is most likely to be responsible for the formation of the mixed sea-salt/CH(3)SO(3)(-)/SO(4)(2-) particles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shila Maskey
- Department of Chemistry, Inha University, Yonghyun Dong, Nam Gu, Incheon, South Korea
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22
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Worobiec A, Potgieter-Vermaak SS, Berghmans P, Winkler H, Burger R, Van Grieken R. Air Particulate Emissions in Developing Countries: A Case Study in South Africa. ANAL LETT 2011. [DOI: 10.1080/00032719.2010.539734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Maskey S, Kang T, Jung HJ, Ro CU. Single-particle characterization of indoor aerosol particles collected at an underground shopping area in Seoul, Korea. INDOOR AIR 2011; 21:12-24. [PMID: 20846210 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0668.2010.00677.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED In this study, single-particle characterization of aerosol particles collected at an underground shopping area was performed for the first time. A quantitative single-particle analytical technique, low-Z particle electron probe X-ray microanalysis, was used to characterize a total of 7900 individual particles for eight sets of aerosol samples collected at an underground shopping area in Seoul, Korea. Based on secondary electron images and X-ray spectral data of individual particles, fourteen particle types were identified, in which primary soil-derived particles were the most abundant, followed by carbonaceous, Fe-containing, secondary soil-derived, and secondary sea-salt particles. Carbonaceous particles exist in three types: organic carbon, carbon-rich, and CNO-rich. A significant number of textile particles with chemical composition C, N, and O were encountered in some of the aerosol samples, which were from the textile shops and/or from clothes of passersby. Primary soil-derived particles showed seasonal variation, with peak values in spring samples, reflecting higher air exchange between indoor and outdoor environments in the spring. Secondary soil-derived, secondary sea-salt, and ammonium sulfate particles were frequently encountered in winter samples. Fe-containing particles, contributed from a nearby subway station, were in the range of about 19% relative abundances for all samples. PRACTICAL IMPLICATIONS In underground shopping areas, particulate matters can be a considerable health hazard to the workers, shoppers, passersby, and shop-keepers as they spend their considerable time in this closed microenvironment. However, no study on the characteristics of indoor aerosols in an underground shopping area has been reported to our knowledge. This work provides detailed information on characteristics of underground shopping area aerosols on a single particle level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shila Maskey
- Department of Chemistry, Inha University, Yonghyun-dong, Incheon, Korea
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24
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Ahn KH, Kim SM, Jung HJ, Lee MJ, Eom HJ, Maskey S, Ro CU. Combined Use of Optical and Electron Microscopic Techniques for the Measurement of Hygroscopic Property, Chemical Composition, and Morphology of Individual Aerosol Particles. Anal Chem 2010; 82:7999-8009. [DOI: 10.1021/ac101432y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kang-Ho Ahn
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Hanyang University, Ansan, 425-791, Korea, and Department of Chemistry, Inha University, Incheon, 402-751, Korea
| | - Sun-Man Kim
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Hanyang University, Ansan, 425-791, Korea, and Department of Chemistry, Inha University, Incheon, 402-751, Korea
| | - Hae-Jin Jung
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Hanyang University, Ansan, 425-791, Korea, and Department of Chemistry, Inha University, Incheon, 402-751, Korea
| | - Mi-Jung Lee
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Hanyang University, Ansan, 425-791, Korea, and Department of Chemistry, Inha University, Incheon, 402-751, Korea
| | - Hyo-Jin Eom
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Hanyang University, Ansan, 425-791, Korea, and Department of Chemistry, Inha University, Incheon, 402-751, Korea
| | - Shila Maskey
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Hanyang University, Ansan, 425-791, Korea, and Department of Chemistry, Inha University, Incheon, 402-751, Korea
| | - Chul-Un Ro
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Hanyang University, Ansan, 425-791, Korea, and Department of Chemistry, Inha University, Incheon, 402-751, Korea
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25
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Geng H, Kang S, Jung HJ, Choël M, Kim H, Ro CU. Characterization of individual submicrometer aerosol particles collected in Incheon, Korea, by quantitative transmission electron microscopy energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometry. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1029/2009jd013486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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26
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Song YC, Ryu J, Malek MA, Jung HJ, Ro CU. Chemical Speciation of Individual Airborne Particles by the Combined Use of Quantitative Energy-Dispersive Electron Probe X-ray Microanalysis and Attenuated Total Reflection Fourier Transform-Infrared Imaging Techniques. Anal Chem 2010; 82:7987-98. [DOI: 10.1021/ac1014113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Young-Chul Song
- Department of Chemistry, Inha University, 253, Yonghyun-dong, Nam-gu, Incheon 402-751, Korea
| | - JiYeon Ryu
- Department of Chemistry, Inha University, 253, Yonghyun-dong, Nam-gu, Incheon 402-751, Korea
| | - Md Abdul Malek
- Department of Chemistry, Inha University, 253, Yonghyun-dong, Nam-gu, Incheon 402-751, Korea
| | - Hae-Jin Jung
- Department of Chemistry, Inha University, 253, Yonghyun-dong, Nam-gu, Incheon 402-751, Korea
| | - Chul-Un Ro
- Department of Chemistry, Inha University, 253, Yonghyun-dong, Nam-gu, Incheon 402-751, Korea
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27
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Jung HJ, Malek MA, Ryu J, Kim B, Song YC, Kim H, Ro CU. Speciation of Individual Mineral Particles of Micrometer Size by the Combined Use of Attenuated Total Reflectance-Fourier Transform-Infrared Imaging and Quantitative Energy-Dispersive Electron Probe X-ray Microanalysis Techniques. Anal Chem 2010; 82:6193-202. [DOI: 10.1021/ac101006h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hae-Jin Jung
- Department of Chemistry, Inha University, 253, Yonghyun-dong, Nam-gu, Incheon 402-751, Korea
| | - Md Abdul Malek
- Department of Chemistry, Inha University, 253, Yonghyun-dong, Nam-gu, Incheon 402-751, Korea
| | - JiYeon Ryu
- Department of Chemistry, Inha University, 253, Yonghyun-dong, Nam-gu, Incheon 402-751, Korea
| | - BoWha Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Inha University, 253, Yonghyun-dong, Nam-gu, Incheon 402-751, Korea
| | - Young-Chul Song
- Department of Chemistry, Inha University, 253, Yonghyun-dong, Nam-gu, Incheon 402-751, Korea
| | - HyeKyeong Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Inha University, 253, Yonghyun-dong, Nam-gu, Incheon 402-751, Korea
| | - Chul-Un Ro
- Department of Chemistry, Inha University, 253, Yonghyun-dong, Nam-gu, Incheon 402-751, Korea
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28
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Geng H, Ryu J, Jung HJ, Chung H, Ahn KH, Ro CU. Single-particle characterization of summertime arctic aerosols collected at Ny-Alesund, Svalbard. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2010; 44:2348-2353. [PMID: 20199069 DOI: 10.1021/es903268j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Single-particle characterization of summertime Arctic aerosols is useful to understand the impact of air pollutants on the polar atmosphere. In the present study, a quantitative single particle analytical technique, low-Z particle electron probe X-ray microanalysis, was used to characterize 8100 individual particles overall in 16 sets of aerosol samples collected at Ny-Alesund, Svalbard, Norway on 25-31 July, 2007. Based on their X-ray spectral and secondary electron image data of individual particles, 13 particle types were identified, in which particles of marine origin were the most abundant, followed by carbonaceous and mineral dust particles. A number of aged (reacted) sea salt (and mixture) particles produced by the atmospheric reaction of genuine sea-salts, especially with NO(x) or HNO(3), were significantly encountered in almost all the aerosol samples. They greatly outnumbered genuine sea salt particles, implying that the summertime Arctic atmosphere, generally regarded as a clean background environment, is disturbed by anthropogenic air pollutants. The main sources of airborne NO(x) (or HNO(3)) are probably ship emissions around the Arctic Ocean, industry emission from northern Europe and northwestern Siberia, and renoxification of NO(3)(-) within or on the melting snow/ice surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Geng
- Department of Chemistry, Inha University, Incheon, Korea
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29
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The influence of collecting substrates on the single-particle characterization of real atmospheric aerosols. Anal Chim Acta 2010; 658:120-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2009.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2009] [Revised: 10/13/2009] [Accepted: 11/03/2009] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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30
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Worobiec A, Potgieter-Vermaak S, Brooker A, Darchuk L, Stefaniak E, Van Grieken R. Interfaced SEM/EDX and micro-Raman Spectrometry for characterisation of heterogeneous environmental particles — Fundamental and practical challenges. Microchem J 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2009.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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31
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Ryu J, Ro CU. Attenuated Total Reflectance FT-IR Imaging and Quantitative Energy Dispersive-Electron Probe X-ray Microanalysis Techniques for Single Particle Analysis of Atmospheric Aerosol Particles. Anal Chem 2009; 81:6695-707. [DOI: 10.1021/ac9007545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- JiYeon Ryu
- Department of Chemistry, Inha University, 253, Yonghyun-dong, Nam-gu, Incheon 402-751, Korea
| | - Chul-Un Ro
- Department of Chemistry, Inha University, 253, Yonghyun-dong, Nam-gu, Incheon 402-751, Korea
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32
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Stefaniak EA, Buczynska A, Novakovic V, Kuduk R, Grieken RV. Determination of chemical composition of individual airborne particles by SEM/EDX and micro-Raman spectrometry: A review. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1088/1742-6596/162/1/012019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Kang S, Hwang H, Park Y, Kim H, Ro CU. Chemical compositions of subway particles in Seoul, Korea determined by a quantitative single particle analysis. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2008; 42:9051-9057. [PMID: 19174870 DOI: 10.1021/es802267b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
A novel single particle analytical technique, low-Z particle electron probe X-ray microanalysis, was applied to characterize seasonal subway samples collected at a subway station in Seoul, Korea. For all 8 samples collected twice in each season, 4 major types of subway particles, based on their chemical compositions, are significantly encountered: Fe-containing; soil-derived; carbonaceous; and secondary nitrate and/or sulfate particles. Fe-containing particles are generated indoors from wear processes at rail-wheel-brake interfaces while the others may be introduced mostly from the outdoor urban atmosphere. Fe-containing particles are the most frequently encountered with relative abundances in the range of 61-79%. In this study, it is shown that Fe-containing subway particles almost always exist either as partially or fully oxidized forms in underground subway microenvironments. Their relative abundances of Fe-containing particles increase as particle sizes decrease. Relative abundances of Fe-containing particles are higher in morning samples than in afternoon samples because of heavier train traffic in the morning. In the summertime samples, Fe-containing particles are the most abundantly encountered, whereas soil-derived and nitrate/sulfate particles are the least encountered, indicating the air-exchange between indoor and outdoor environments is limited in the summer, owing to the air-conditioning in the subway system. In our work, it was observed that the relative abundances of the particles of outdoor origin vary somewhat among seasonal samples to a lesser degree, reflecting that indoor emission sources predominate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunni Kang
- Department of Chemistry, Inha University, 253, Yonghyun-dong, Nam-gu, Incheon 402-751, Korea
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34
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A seasonal study of atmospheric conditions influenced by the intensive tourist flow in the Royal Museum of Wawel Castle in Cracow, Poland. Microchem J 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2008.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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35
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Tanaka M, Takeguchi M, Furuya K. Wavelength dispersive X-ray spectroscopy of thick and thin samples for electron microscopes. SURF INTERFACE ANAL 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/sia.2940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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36
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X-ray analysis and mapping by wavelength dispersive X-ray spectroscopy in an electron microscope. Ultramicroscopy 2008; 108:1427-31. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ultramic.2008.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2007] [Accepted: 05/09/2008] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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37
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Molecular mass concentrations for a powdered SRM sample using a quantitative single particle analysis. Anal Chim Acta 2008; 619:14-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2008.03.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2007] [Revised: 03/07/2008] [Accepted: 03/09/2008] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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38
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Assessing the size-dependent chemical speciation of soil particles using electron probe X-ray microanalysis. Mikrochim Acta 2006. [DOI: 10.1007/s00604-006-0637-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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39
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Study of the winter and summer changes of the air composition in the church of Szalowa, Poland, related to conservation. Mikrochim Acta 2006. [DOI: 10.1007/s00604-006-0619-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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40
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Laskin A. Heterogeneous chemistry of individual mineral dust particles with nitric acid: A combined CCSEM/EDX, ESEM, and ICP-MS study. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005. [DOI: 10.1029/2004jd005206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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41
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Hwang H, Ro CU. Single-particle characterization of four aerosol samples collected in ChunCheon, Korea, during Asian dust storm events in 2002. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005. [DOI: 10.1029/2005jd006050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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42
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Laskin A, Iedema MJ, Ichkovich A, Graber ER, Taraniuk I, Rudich Y. Direct observation of completely processed calcium carbonate dust particles. Faraday Discuss 2005; 130:453-68; discussion 491-517, 519-24. [PMID: 16161798 DOI: 10.1039/b417366j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 171] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
This study presents, for the first time, field evidence of complete, irreversible processing of solid calcium carbonate (calcite)-containing particles and quantitative formation of liquid calcium nitrate particles apparently as a result of heterogeneous reaction of calcium carbonate-containing mineral dust particles with gaseous nitric acid. Formation of nitrates from individual calcite and sea salt particles was followed as a function of time in aerosol samples collected at Shoresh, Israel. Morphology and compositional changes of individual particles were observed using conventional scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive analysis of X-rays (SEM/EDX) and computer controlled SEM/EDX. Environmental scanning electron microscopy (ESEM) was utilized to determine and demonstrate the hygroscopic behavior of calcium nitrate particles found in some of the samples. Calcium nitrate particles are exceptionally hygroscopic and deliquesce even at very low relative humidity (RH) of 9-11% which is lower than typical atmospheric environments. Transformation of non-hygroscopic dry mineral dust particles into hygroscopic wet aerosol may have substantial impacts on light scattering properties, the ability to modify clouds and heterogeneous chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Laskin
- William R. Wiley Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, P.O. Box 999, MSIN K8-88, Richland, WA, 99352, USA.
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43
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Ro CU, Osán J, Szalóki I, de Hoog J, Worobiec A, Van Grieken R. A Monte Carlo program for quantitative electron-induced X-ray analysis of individual particles. Anal Chem 2003; 75:851-9. [PMID: 12622376 DOI: 10.1021/ac025973r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A versatile Monte Carlo program for quantitative particle analysis in electron probe X-ray microanalysis is presented. The program includes routines for simulating electron-solid interactions in microparticles lying on a flat surface and calculating the generated X-ray signal. Simulation of the whole X-ray spectrum as well as phi(z) curves is possible. The most important facility of the program is the reverse Monte Carlo quantification of the chemical composition of microparticles, including low-Z elements, such as C, N, O, and F. This quantification method is based on the combination of a single scattering Monte Carlo simulation and a robust successive approximation. An iteration procedure is employed; in each iteration step, the Monte Carlo simulation program calculates characteristic X-ray intensities, and a new set of concentration values for chemical elements in the particle is determined. When the simulated X-ray intensities converge to the measured ones, the input values of elemental concentrations used for the simulation are determined as chemical compositions of the particle. This quantification procedure was evaluated by investigating various types of standard particles, and good accuracy of the methodology was demonstrated. A methodology for heterogeneity assessment of single particles is also described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chul-Un Ro
- Department of Chemistry, Hallym University, ChunCheon, KangWonDo, 200-702, Korea.
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Alföldy B, Trincavelli J, Török S, Castellano G. Characterization of atmospheric particles by electron probe X-ray microanalysis. SCANNING 2002; 24:297-300. [PMID: 12507383 DOI: 10.1002/sca.4950240603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Microchemical glass standards were used to validate a quantitation method based on peak-to-background (P/B) ratios from electron probe x-ray microanalysis spectra. This standardless method was applied to the determination of concentrations of individual particles from Malpha or Lalpha lines, as well as from Kalpha lines. The algorithm was tested on particulate glass samples for diameters ranging from 1 to 20 microm. The determined concentrations did not depend on particle size. The certified values for elements were well matched, except for Na, which may migrate under electron bombardment. Finally, classification of qualitative results obtained for aerosol particles was completed by the P/B quantitative method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bálint Alföldy
- KFKI Atomic Energy Research Institute, Budapest, Hungary
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Li Y, Liu X, Dong S, Van Espen P, Adams F. Investigation on the geometric and matrix effects and quantitative determination of K, Cl and S atomic fraction for biomass burning particles by Monte Carlo simulation. Anal Chim Acta 2002. [DOI: 10.1016/s0003-2670(02)00081-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
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46
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Poelt P, Schmied M, Obernberger I, Brunner T, Dahl J. Automated analysis of submicron particles by computer-controlled scanning electron microscopy. SCANNING 2002; 24:92-100. [PMID: 11998907 DOI: 10.1002/sca.4950240207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Automated analysis of submicron particles by computer-controlled scanning electron microscopy is generally possible. The minimum diameter of the detectable particles is dependent on the mean atomic number of the particles and the operating parameters of the scanning microscope. The main limitation with regard to particle size is set by the quality of the particle detection system, which generally is the backscatter electron detector. The accuracy of the results of the x-ray analyses is very often strongly affected by specimen damage, omnipresent especially for environmental particles even at low electron energies and probe currents. With the exception for light elements, the detection limit is approximately 1 wt%. Device-related limitations to automated analysis may be specimen drift and an unreliable autofocus function.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Poelt
- Research Institute for Electron Microscopy, Graz University of Technology, Austria
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Osán J, de Hoog J, Worobiec A, Ro CU, Oh KY, Szalóki I, Van Grieken R. Application of chemometric methods for classification of atmospheric particles based on thin-window electron probe microanalysis data. Anal Chim Acta 2001. [DOI: 10.1016/s0003-2670(01)00935-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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