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Świt P, Pollap A, Orzeł J. Spectroscopic Determination of Acetylcholine (ACh): A Representative Review. Top Curr Chem (Cham) 2023; 381:16. [PMID: 37169979 PMCID: PMC10175388 DOI: 10.1007/s41061-023-00426-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/22/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Acetylcholine (ACh) is one of the most crucial neurotransmitters of the cholinergic system found in vertebrates and invertebrates and is responsible for many processes in living organisms. Disturbances in ACh transmission are closely related to dementia in Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease. ACh in biological samples is most often determined using chromatographic techniques, radioenzymatic assays, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), or potentiometric methods. An alternative way to detect and determine acetylcholine is applying spectroscopic techniques, due to low limits of detection and quantification, which is not possible with the methods mentioned above. In this review article, we described a detailed overview of different spectroscopic methods used to determine ACh with a collection of validation parameters as a perspective tool for routine analysis, especially in basic research on animal models on central nervous system. In addition, there is a discussion of examples of other biological materials from clinical and preclinical studies to give the whole spectrum of spectroscopic methods application. Descriptions of the developed chemical sensors, as well as the use of flow technology, were also presented. It is worth emphasizing the inclusion in the article of multi-component analysis referring to other neurotransmitters, as well as the description of the tested biological samples and extraction procedures. The motivation to use spectroscopic techniques to conduct this type of analysis and future perspectives in this field are briefly discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paweł Świt
- Institute of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Silesia in Katowice, 9 Szkolna Street, 40-006, Katowice, Poland.
| | | | - Joanna Orzeł
- Institute of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Silesia in Katowice, 9 Szkolna Street, 40-006, Katowice, Poland
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2
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Loew N, Watanabe H, Shitanda I, Itagaki M. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy: Simultaneous detection of different diffusion behaviors as seen in finite element method simulations of mediator-type enzyme electrodes. Electrochim Acta 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2022.140467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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3
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Ramiah Rajasekaran P, Chapin AA, Quan DN, Herberholz J, Bentley WE, Ghodssi R. 3D-Printed electrochemical sensor-integrated transwell systems. MICROSYSTEMS & NANOENGINEERING 2020; 6:100. [PMID: 34567709 PMCID: PMC8433167 DOI: 10.1038/s41378-020-00208-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2020] [Revised: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/16/2020] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
This work presents a 3D-printed, modular, electrochemical sensor-integrated transwell system for monitoring cellular and molecular events in situ without sample extraction or microfluidics-assisted downstream omics. Simple additive manufacturing techniques such as 3D printing, shadow masking, and molding are used to fabricate this modular system, which is autoclavable, biocompatible, and designed to operate following standard operating protocols (SOPs) of cellular biology. Integral to the platform is a flexible porous membrane, which is used as a cell culture substrate similarly to a commercial transwell insert. Multimodal electrochemical sensors fabricated on the membrane allow direct access to cells and their products. A pair of gold electrodes on the top side of the membrane measures impedance over the course of cell attachment and growth, characterized by an exponential decrease (~160% at 10 Hz) due to an increase in the double layer capacitance from secreted extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins. Cyclic voltammetry (CV) sensor electrodes, fabricated on the bottom side of the membrane, enable sensing of molecular release at the site of cell culture without the need for downstream fluidics. Real-time detection of ferrocene dimethanol injection across the membrane showed a three order-of-magnitude higher signal at the membrane than in the bulk media after reaching equilibrium. This modular sensor-integrated transwell system allows unprecedented direct, real-time, and noninvasive access to physical and biochemical information, which cannot be obtained in a conventional transwell system.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ashley Augustiny Chapin
- Institute for Systems Research, University of Maryland, College Park, MD USA
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD USA
| | - David N. Quan
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD USA
| | - Jens Herberholz
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience and Cognitive Science Program, University of Maryland, College Park, MD USA
| | - William E. Bentley
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD USA
- Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research, University of Maryland, College Park, MD USA
- Robert E. Fischell Institute for Biomedical Devices, University of Maryland, College Park, MD USA
| | - Reza Ghodssi
- Institute for Systems Research, University of Maryland, College Park, MD USA
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD USA
- Robert E. Fischell Institute for Biomedical Devices, University of Maryland, College Park, MD USA
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD USA
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4
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Aoki H, Corn RM, Matthews B. MicroRNA detection on microsensor arrays by SPR imaging measurements with enzymatic signal enhancement. Biosens Bioelectron 2019; 142:111565. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2019.111565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2019] [Revised: 07/03/2019] [Accepted: 08/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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5
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Kaur S, Kaur I. Self‐assembly of p‐Aminothiophenol on Gold Surface: Application for Impedimetric and Potentiometric Sensing of Cobalt (II) Ions – A Comparative Study. ELECTROANAL 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.201900187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sarbjeet Kaur
- Department of Chemistry, Centre for Advanced StudiesGuru Nanak Dev University Amritsar, Punjab 143005 India
| | - Inderpreet Kaur
- Department of Chemistry, Centre for Advanced StudiesGuru Nanak Dev University Amritsar, Punjab 143005 India
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6
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Significant enhancement of direct electric communication across enzyme-electrode interface via nano-patterning of synthetic glucose dehydrogenase on spatially tunable gold nanoparticle (AuNP)-modified electrode. Biosens Bioelectron 2019; 126:170-177. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2018.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2018] [Revised: 09/16/2018] [Accepted: 10/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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7
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Nguyen HH, Lee SH, Lee UJ, Fermin CD, Kim M. Immobilized Enzymes in Biosensor Applications. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2019; 12:E121. [PMID: 30609693 PMCID: PMC6337536 DOI: 10.3390/ma12010121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 200] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2018] [Revised: 12/15/2018] [Accepted: 12/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Enzyme-based biosensing devices have been extensively developed over the last few decades, and have proven to be innovative techniques in the qualitative and quantitative analysis of a variety of target substrates over a wide range of applications. Distinct advantages that enzyme-based biosensors provide, such as high sensitivity and specificity, portability, cost-effectiveness, and the possibilities for miniaturization and point-of-care diagnostic testing make them more and more attractive for research focused on clinical analysis, food safety control, or disease monitoring purposes. Therefore, this review article investigates the operating principle of enzymatic biosensors utilizing electrochemical, optical, thermistor, and piezoelectric measurement techniques and their applications in the literature, as well as approaches in improving the use of enzymes for biosensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hoang Hiep Nguyen
- BioNanotechnology Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), 125 Gwahangno, Yuseong-Gu, Daejeon 34141, Korea.
- Department of Nanobiotechnology, KRIBB School of Biotechnology, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), 217 Gajeongno, Yuseong-Gu, Daejeon 34113, Korea.
| | - Sun Hyeok Lee
- BioNanotechnology Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), 125 Gwahangno, Yuseong-Gu, Daejeon 34141, Korea.
- Department of Nanobiotechnology, KRIBB School of Biotechnology, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), 217 Gajeongno, Yuseong-Gu, Daejeon 34113, Korea.
| | - Ui Jin Lee
- BioNanotechnology Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), 125 Gwahangno, Yuseong-Gu, Daejeon 34141, Korea.
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Chungnam National University, 99 Daehangno, Yuseong-Gu, Daejeon 34134, Korea.
| | - Cesar D Fermin
- Department of Biology, College of Arts & Sciences, Tuskegee University, Tuskegee, AL 36830, USA.
| | - Moonil Kim
- BioNanotechnology Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), 125 Gwahangno, Yuseong-Gu, Daejeon 34141, Korea.
- Department of Nanobiotechnology, KRIBB School of Biotechnology, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), 217 Gajeongno, Yuseong-Gu, Daejeon 34113, Korea.
- Department of Biology, College of Arts & Sciences, Tuskegee University, Tuskegee, AL 36830, USA.
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8
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Asri R, O'Neill B, Patel JC, Siletti KA, Rice ME. Detection of evoked acetylcholine release in mouse brain slices. Analyst 2018; 141:6416-6421. [PMID: 27722568 DOI: 10.1039/c6an01758d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The study of transmitter interactions in reward and motor pathways in the brain, including the striatum, requires methodology to detect stimulus-driven neurotransmitter release events. Such methods exist for dopamine, and have contributed to the understanding of local and behavioral factors that regulate dopamine release. However, factors that regulate release of another key transmitter in these pathways, acetylcholine (ACh), are unresolved, in part because of limited temporal and spatial resolution of current detection methods. We have optimized a voltammetric method for detection of local stimulus-evoked ACh release using enzyme-coated carbon-fiber microelectrodes and fast-scan cyclic voltammetry. These electrodes are based on the detection of H2O2 generated by the actions of acetylcholine esterase and choline oxidase, and reliably respond to ACh in a concentration-dependent manner. Methods for enzyme coating were optimized for mechanical stability that allowed for their use in ex vivo brain slices. We report here the first quantitative assessment of extracellular ACh concentration after local electrical stimulation in dorsal striatum in slices from control mice. The selective detection of ACh under these conditions was confirmed by showing that the response detected in the control slices was absent in slices from mice bred to lack ACh synthesis in the forebrain. These electrodes represent a new tool to study ACh and ACh-dopamine interactions with micrometer spatial resolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Asri
- New York University School of Medicine, Department of Neurosurgery, Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, 550 First Avenue, New York, NY 10016, USA.
| | - B O'Neill
- New York University School of Medicine, Department of Neurosurgery, Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, 550 First Avenue, New York, NY 10016, USA.
| | - J C Patel
- New York University School of Medicine, Department of Neurosurgery, Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, 550 First Avenue, New York, NY 10016, USA.
| | - K A Siletti
- New York University School of Medicine, Department of Neurosurgery, Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, 550 First Avenue, New York, NY 10016, USA.
| | - M E Rice
- New York University School of Medicine, Department of Neurosurgery, Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, 550 First Avenue, New York, NY 10016, USA.
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9
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Enzyme‐Based Logic Gates and Networks with Output Signals Analyzed by Various Methods. Chemphyschem 2017; 18:1688-1713. [DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201601402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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10
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Affiliation(s)
- Šárka Štěpánková
- Faculty of Chemical Technology, Department of Biological and Biochemical Sciences, University of Pardubice, Pardubice, Czech Republic
| | - Katarína Vorčáková
- Faculty of Chemical Technology, Department of Biological and Biochemical Sciences, University of Pardubice, Pardubice, Czech Republic
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11
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Usuba R, Yokokawa M, Ackermann TN, Llobera A, Fukunaga K, Murata S, Ohkohchi N, Suzuki H. Photonic Lab-on-a-Chip for Rapid Cytokine Detection. ACS Sens 2016. [DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.6b00193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ryo Usuba
- Graduate
School of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan
| | - Masatoshi Yokokawa
- Graduate
School of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan
| | - Tobias Nils Ackermann
- Instituto
de Microelectrónica de Barcelona, Centre Nacional de Microelectronica, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona 08193, Spain
| | - Andreu Llobera
- Instituto
de Microelectrónica de Barcelona, Centre Nacional de Microelectronica, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona 08193, Spain
| | - Kiyoshi Fukunaga
- Graduate
School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan
| | - Soichiro Murata
- Graduate
School of Medicine, Yokohama City University, 3-9 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama, 236-0004, Japan
| | - Nobuhiro Ohkohchi
- Graduate
School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Suzuki
- Graduate
School of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan
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12
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Kang S, Lee S, Yang W, Seo J, Han MS. A direct assay of butyrylcholinesterase activity using a fluorescent substrate. Org Biomol Chem 2016; 14:8815-8820. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ob01360k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We report a fluorescent substrate for a direct and continuous assay of BChE activity and screening of its potential inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seungyoon Kang
- Department of Chemistry
- Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology
- Gwangju 61005
- Republic of Korea
| | - Suji Lee
- Department of Chemistry
- Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology
- Gwangju 61005
- Republic of Korea
| | - Woojin Yang
- Department of Chemistry
- Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology
- Gwangju 61005
- Republic of Korea
| | - Jiwon Seo
- Department of Chemistry
- Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology
- Gwangju 61005
- Republic of Korea
| | - Min Su Han
- Department of Chemistry
- Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology
- Gwangju 61005
- Republic of Korea
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13
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Ensafi AA, Amini M, Rezaei B, Talebi M. A novel diagnostic biosensor for distinguishing immunoglobulin mutated and unmutated types of chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Biosens Bioelectron 2015; 77:409-15. [PMID: 26436328 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2015.09.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2015] [Revised: 09/20/2015] [Accepted: 09/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
In chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), the immunoglobulin heavy-chain variable (IgVH) region may be mutated (Ig-mutated CLL) or unmutated (Ig-unmutated CLL); and the presence or absence of mutations in this region of CLL cells distinguishes two clinically distinct forms. It is important for physicians to distinguish between patients with Ig-unmutated CLL, where typically have more indolent disease with median survivals close to 25 years, and Ig-mutated CLL, where have more aggressive disease with median survivals around eight years. In this work, a biosensor capable of diagnosis and distinguishing between these two types of CLL was reported. The biosensor was fabricated by modifying a gold electrode with gold nanoparticles (AuNPS) followed by coating of ZAP70 oligonucleotide probe on the surface to detect specific sequence of ZAP70 gene. ZAP70 could predict the IgVH mutation status and is a good marker for differentiating Ig-mutated and Ig-unmutated CLL and serve as prognostic marker. First, we focused on achieving hybridization between probe and its complementary sequence. Hybridization between probe and target was determined with electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). Then, our efforts turned to optimize the conditions for the detection of any point mutation and also to maximize the selectivity. Under optimal conditions, the biosensor has a good calibration range between 2.0 × 10(-14) and 1.0 × 10(-9)molL(-1), with ZAP70 DNA sequence detection limit of 4.0 × 10(-15)molL(-1). We successfully detect hybridization first in synthetic samples, and ultimately in blood samples from patients. Experimental results illustrated that the nanostructured biosensor clearly discriminates between mutated and non-mutated CLL and predict the IgVH mutation status, which it has been considered as the single most informative stage independent prognostic factor in CLL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali A Ensafi
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan 84156-83111, Iran.
| | - Maryam Amini
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan 84156-83111, Iran
| | - Behzad Rezaei
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan 84156-83111, Iran
| | - Majid Talebi
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Agriculture, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan 84156-83111, Iran
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14
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Fabrication of Vertically aligned Copper Nanotubes as a Novel Electrode for Enzymatic Biofuel Cells. Electrochim Acta 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2015.03.164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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15
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Lin Y, Yu P, Mao L. A multi-enzyme microreactor-based online electrochemical system for selective and continuous monitoring of acetylcholine. Analyst 2015; 140:3781-7. [DOI: 10.1039/c4an02089h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
This study demonstrates an online electrochemical system (OECS) for selective and continuous measurements of acetylcholine (ACh) through efficiently integrating in vivo microdialysis, a multi-enzyme microreactor and an electrochemical detector.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqing Lin
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems
- Institute of Chemistry
- The Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS)
- Beijing 100190
| | - Ping Yu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems
- Institute of Chemistry
- The Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS)
- Beijing 100190
| | - Lanqun Mao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems
- Institute of Chemistry
- The Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS)
- Beijing 100190
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16
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Baker PA, Goltz MN, Schrand AM, Yoon DY, Kim DS. Organophosphate vapor detection on gold electrodes using peptide nanotubes. Biosens Bioelectron 2014; 61:119-23. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2014.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2014] [Revised: 03/24/2014] [Accepted: 04/04/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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17
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Chiang Y, Jang LS, Tsai SL, Chen MK, Wang MH. Impedance Analysis of Single Melanoma Cells in Microfluidic Devices. ELECTROANAL 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.201400291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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18
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Keighron JD, Åkesson S, Cans AS. Coimmobilization of acetylcholinesterase and choline oxidase on gold nanoparticles: stoichiometry, activity, and reaction efficiency. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2014; 30:11348-11355. [PMID: 25167196 DOI: 10.1021/la502538h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Hybrid structures constructed from biomolecules and nanomaterials have been used in catalysis and bioanalytical applications. In the design of many chemically selective biosensors, enzymes conjugated to nanoparticles or carbon nanotubes have been used in functionalization of the sensor surface for enhancement of the biosensor functionality and sensitivity. The conditions for the enzyme:nanomaterial conjugation should be optimized to retain maximal enzyme activity, and biosensor effectiveness. This is important as the tertiary structure of the enzyme is often altered when immobilized and can significantly alter the enzyme catalytic activity. Here we show that characterization of a two-enzyme:gold nanoparticle (AuNP) conjugate stoichiometry and activity can be used to gauge the effectiveness of acetylcholine detection by acetylcholine esterase (AChE) and choline oxidase (ChO). This was done by using an analytical approach to quantify the number of enzymes bound per AuNP and monitor the retained enzyme activity after the enzyme:AuNP synthesis. We found that the amount of immobilized enzymes differs from what would be expected from bulk solution chemistry. This analysis was further used to determine the optimal ratio of AChE:ChO added at synthesis to achieve optimum sequential enzyme activity for the enzyme:AuNP conjugates, and reaction efficiencies of greater than 70%. We here show that the knowledge of the conjugate stoichiometry and retained enzyme activity can lead to more efficient detection of acetylcholine by controlling the AChE:ChO ratio bound to the gold nanoparticle material. This approach of optimizing enzyme gold nanoparticle conjugates should be of great importance in the architecture of enzyme nanoparticle based biosensors to retain optimal sensor sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacqueline D Keighron
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology , Gothenburg 41319, Sweden
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19
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Piezoelectric biosensors for organophosphate and carbamate pesticides: a review. BIOSENSORS-BASEL 2014; 4:301-17. [PMID: 25587424 PMCID: PMC4264360 DOI: 10.3390/bios4030301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2014] [Revised: 07/28/2014] [Accepted: 08/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Due to the great amount of pesticides currently being used, there is an increased interest for developing biosensors for their detection. Among all the physical transducers, piezoelectric systems have emerged as the most attractive due to their simplicity, low instrumentation costs, possibility for real-time and label-free detection and generally high sensitivity. This paper presents an overview of biosensors based on the quartz crystal microbalance, which have been reported in the literature for organophosphate and carbamate pesticide analysis.
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20
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Fu Y, Liu K, Sun Q, Lin B, Lu D, Xu Z, Hu C, Fan G, Zhang S, Wang C, Zhang W. A highly sensitive immunosensor for calmodulin assay based on enhanced biocatalyzed precipitation adopting a dual-layered enzyme strategy. Biosens Bioelectron 2014; 56:258-63. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2014.01.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2013] [Revised: 01/04/2014] [Accepted: 01/17/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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21
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Guo DS, Yang J, Liu Y. Specifically Monitoring Butyrylcholinesterase by Supramolecular Tandem Assay. Chemistry 2013; 19:8755-9. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201300980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2013] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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22
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Zhang J, Lei J, Ju H, Wang C. Electrochemical sensor based on chlorohemin modified molecularly imprinted microgel for determination of 2,4-dichlorophenol. Anal Chim Acta 2013; 786:16-21. [PMID: 23790286 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2013.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2013] [Revised: 05/07/2013] [Accepted: 05/08/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
A newly designed molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) was synthesized and successfully utilized as a recognition element of an amperometric sensor for 2,4-dichlorophenol (2,4-DCP) detection. The MIP with a well-defined structure could imitate the dehalogenative function of the natural enzyme chloroperoxidase for 2,4-DCP. Imprinted sensor was fabricated in situ on a glassy carbon electrode surface by drop-coating the 2,4-DCP imprinted microgel suspension and chitosan/Nafion mixture. Under optimized conditions, the sensor showed a linear response in the range of 5.0-100 μmol L(-1) with a detection limit of 1.6 μmol L(-1). Additionally, the imprinted sensor demonstrated higher affinity to target 2,4-DCP over competitive chlorophenolic compounds than non-imprinted sensor. It also exhibited good stability and acceptable repeatability. The proposed sensor could be used for the determination of 2,4-DCP in water samples with the recoveries of 96.2-111.8%, showing a promising potential in practical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Department of Chemistry, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, PR China
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23
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Saladino R, Guazzaroni M, Crestini C, Crucianelli M. Dye Degradation by Layer-by-Layer Immobilised Peroxidase/Redox Mediator Systems. ChemCatChem 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.201200660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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24
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Wang CI, Periasamy AP, Chang HT. Photoluminescent C-dots@RGO Probe for Sensitive and Selective Detection of Acetylcholine. Anal Chem 2013; 85:3263-70. [DOI: 10.1021/ac303613d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Chen-I Wang
- Department
of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | | | - Huan-Tsung Chang
- Department
of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
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25
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Combination of laccase and catalase in construction of H2O2–O2 based biocathode for applications in glucose biofuel cells. Biosens Bioelectron 2013; 39:274-81. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2012.07.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2012] [Revised: 07/29/2012] [Accepted: 07/30/2012] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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26
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Wang Y, Zhou J, Han Q, Chen Q, Guo L, Fu Y. Chiral Recognition of Penicillamine Enantiomers Based on DNA-MWNT Complex Modified Electrode. ELECTROANAL 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.201200010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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27
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An impedimetric vascular endothelial growth factor biosensor-based PAMAM/cysteamine-modified gold electrode for monitoring of tumor growth. Anal Biochem 2012; 423:277-85. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2011.12.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2011] [Revised: 12/05/2011] [Accepted: 12/29/2011] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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28
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Wang L, Fu Y, Zhou J, Chen Q. Stereoselective Interaction between DNA and Stable Chiral Surfaces Modified with 1,2-Diphenylethylenediamine Enantiomers. ELECTROANAL 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.201000476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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29
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Liu H, Malhotra R, Peczuh MW, Rusling JF. Electrochemical immunosensors for antibodies to peanut allergen ara h2 using gold nanoparticle-peptide films. Anal Chem 2010; 82:5865-71. [PMID: 20540504 DOI: 10.1021/ac101110q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Life-threatening allergies to peanuts and tree nuts can be revealed by detecting antibodies (IgEs) to their allergens in patient serum. Herein, we compare several immunosensor-like methodologies for sensitive detection of antibodies to a peptide sequence from the major peanut allergen, Arachis hypogaea 2 (Ara h2). The sensors feature a synthetic peptide layer of the major IgE-binding epitope from Ara h2 attached to a dense gold nanoparticle (AuNP) film on a pyrolytic graphite (PG) electrode. The AuNP-peptide sensor was used to determine model chicken antipeanut antibodies (IgY) in serum. Faradaic and nonfaradaic impedance strategies were compared to amperometric detection. Measurements employed goat antichicken secondary antibodies (Ab(2)) labeled with horseradish peroxidase (HRP) to bind to IgY on the sensor and provide amplified signals. The best impedimetric sensor configuration featured HPR-catalyzed precipitation of the enzyme product onto the sensor measured by nonfaradaic impedance. This sensor configuration had the best detection limit (DL) of 5 pg mL(-1) and the best linear range of over 5 orders of magnitude (from 5 pg mL(-1) to 1 microg mL(-1)) for IgY antibody in undiluted calf serum. This DL was 100-fold lower than label-free impedimetric immunosensors (0.5 ng mL(-1)) and 60-fold lower than when using HRP-Ab(2) in amperometric immunosensors (0.3 ng mL(-1)).
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyun Liu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, USA
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30
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Lee JH, Han YD, Song SY, Kim TD, Yoon HC. Biosensor for organophosphorus pesticides based on the acetylcholine esterase inhibition mediated by choline oxidase bioelectrocatalysis. BIOCHIP JOURNAL 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/s13206-010-4310-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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31
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Miao Y, He N, Zhu JJ. History and New Developments of Assays for Cholinesterase Activity and Inhibition. Chem Rev 2010; 110:5216-34. [DOI: 10.1021/cr900214c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 189] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuqing Miao
- Lab of Biomimetic Electrochemistry and Biosensors, Institute of Physical Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China; State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics (Chien-Shiung Wu Laboratory), Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China; MOE Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Nongyue He
- Lab of Biomimetic Electrochemistry and Biosensors, Institute of Physical Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China; State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics (Chien-Shiung Wu Laboratory), Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China; MOE Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Jun-Jie Zhu
- Lab of Biomimetic Electrochemistry and Biosensors, Institute of Physical Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China; State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics (Chien-Shiung Wu Laboratory), Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China; MOE Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
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32
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Nair SS, John SA, Sagara T. Simultaneous determination of paracetamol and ascorbic acid using tetraoctylammonium bromide capped gold nanoparticles immobilized on 1,6-hexanedithiol modified Au electrode. Electrochim Acta 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2009.06.077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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33
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Ultrasensitive amperometric immunosensor for the determination of carcinoembryonic antigen based on a porous chitosan and gold nanoparticles functionalized interface. Mikrochim Acta 2009. [DOI: 10.1007/s00604-009-0243-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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34
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Virel A, Saa L, Pavlov V. Modulated growth of nanoparticles. Application for sensing nerve gases. Anal Chem 2009; 81:268-72. [PMID: 19049371 DOI: 10.1021/ac801949x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Hydrolysis of acetylthiocholine mediated by acetylcholine esterase yields the thiol-bearing compound thiocholine. At trace concentrations, thiocholine modulates the growth of Au-Ag nanoparticles on seeding gold nanoparticles in the presence of ascorbic acid. Inhibition of the enzyme by 1,5-bis(4-allyldimethylammoniumphenyl)pentan-3-one dibromide (BW284c51) or by diethyl p-nitrophenyl phosphate (paraoxon) produces lower yields of thiocholine, promoting the catalytic growth of Au-Ag nanoparticles. Here, we describe the development of a simple and sensitive colorimetric assay for the detection of AChE inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Virel
- CIC biomaGUNE, Parque Tecnologico de San Sebastian, Paseo Miramon 182, 20009 San Sebastian, Spain
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35
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Wang H, Wang J, Choi D, Tang Z, Wu H, Lin Y. EQCM immunoassay for phosphorylated acetylcholinesterase as a biomarker for organophosphate exposures based on selective zirconia adsorption and enzyme-catalytic precipitation. Biosens Bioelectron 2008; 24:2377-83. [PMID: 19135350 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2008.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2008] [Revised: 12/04/2008] [Accepted: 12/05/2008] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A zirconia (ZrO(2)) adsorption-based immunoassay by electrochemical quartz crystal microbalance (EQCM) has been initially developed, aiming at the detection of phosphorylated acetylcholinesterase (Phospho-AChE) as a potential biomarker for bio-monitoring exposures to organophosphate (OP) pesticides and chemical warfare agents. Hydroxyl-derivatized monolayer was preferably chosen to modify the crystal serving as the template for directing the electro-deposition of ZrO(2) film with uniform nanostructures. The resulting ZrO(2) film was utilized to selectively capture Phospho-AChE from the sample media. Horseradish peroxidase (HRP)-labeled anti-AChE antibodies were further employed to recognize the captured phosphorylated proteins. Enzyme-catalytic oxidation of the benzidine substrate resulted in the accumulation of insoluble product on the functionalized crystal. Ultrasensitive EQCM quantification by mass-amplified frequency responses as well as rapid qualification by visual color changes of product could be thus, achieved. Moreover, 4-chloro-1-naphthol (CN) was studied as an ideal chromogenic substrate for the enzyme-catalytic precipitation. Experimental results show that the developed EQCM technique can allow for the detection of Phospho-AChE in human plasma with a detection limit of 0.020 nM. Such an EQCM immunosensing format opens a new door towards the development of simple, sensitive, and field-applicable biosensor for biologically monitoring low-level OP exposures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Wang
- Pacific Norwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99352, United States
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36
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Li N, Zhao H, Yuan R, Peng K, Chai Y. An amperometric immunosensor with a DNA polyion complex membrane/gold nanoparticles-backbone for antibody immobilisation. Electrochim Acta 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2008.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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37
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Bahshi L, Frasconi M, Tel-Vered R, Yehezkeli O, Willner I. Following the Biocatalytic Activities of Glucose Oxidase by Electrochemically Cross-Linked Enzyme−Pt Nanoparticles Composite Electrodes. Anal Chem 2008; 80:8253-9. [DOI: 10.1021/ac801398m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lily Bahshi
- Institute of Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel, and Dipartimento di Studi di Chimica e Tecnologia delle Sostanze Biologicamente Attive, Universita “La Sapienza”, Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Frasconi
- Institute of Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel, and Dipartimento di Studi di Chimica e Tecnologia delle Sostanze Biologicamente Attive, Universita “La Sapienza”, Rome, Italy
| | - Ran Tel-Vered
- Institute of Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel, and Dipartimento di Studi di Chimica e Tecnologia delle Sostanze Biologicamente Attive, Universita “La Sapienza”, Rome, Italy
| | - Omer Yehezkeli
- Institute of Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel, and Dipartimento di Studi di Chimica e Tecnologia delle Sostanze Biologicamente Attive, Universita “La Sapienza”, Rome, Italy
| | - Itamar Willner
- Institute of Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel, and Dipartimento di Studi di Chimica e Tecnologia delle Sostanze Biologicamente Attive, Universita “La Sapienza”, Rome, Italy
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38
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Gu H, Su XD, Loh KP. Electrochemical impedance sensing of DNA hybridization on conducting polymer film-modified diamond. J Phys Chem B 2007; 109:13611-8. [PMID: 16852705 DOI: 10.1021/jp050625p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The impedimetric sensing of DNA hybridization on polyaniline/polyacrylate (PANI/PAA)-modified boron-doped diamond (BDD) electrode has been investigated. An ultrathin film of PANI-PAA copolymer was electropolymerized onto the diamond surfaces to provide carboxylic groups for tethering to DNA sensing probes. The electrochemical impedance and the intrinsic electroactivity of the polymer-diamond interface were analyzed after the hybridization reaction with target and non-target DNA. The impedance measurement shows changes in the impedance modulus as well as electron-transfer resistance at the stage of probe DNA immobilization (single-strand), as well as after hybridization with target DNA (double-strand). DNA hybridization increases the capacitance of the polymer-DNA layer and reduces the overall impedance of the DNA-polymer-diamond stack significantly. The polymer-modified BDD electrode shows no detectable nonspecific adsorption, with good selectivity between the complementary DNA targets and the one-base mismatch targets. The detection limit was measured to be 2 x 10(-8) M at 1000 Hz. Denaturing test on the hybridized probe and subsequent reuse of the probe indicates chemical robustness of the sensor. Our results suggest that electropolymerization followed by the immobilization of biomolecules is a simple and effective way of creating a functional biomolecular scaffold on the diamond surface. In addition, label-free electrochemical impedance method can provide direct and noninvasive sensing of DNA hybridization on BDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiru Gu
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, 3 Research Link, Singapore 117602
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39
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Hasenbank MS, Fu E, Nelson JB, Schwartz DT, Yager P. Investigation of heterogeneous electrochemical processes using multi-stream laminar flow in a microchannel. LAB ON A CHIP 2007; 7:441-7. [PMID: 17389959 DOI: 10.1039/b616927a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
A multi-component microfluidic electrochemical cell is shown to be a useful analytical tool for probing complex coupled processes in electrolytic systems. We recently reported an enzymatic signal amplification phenomenon that may provide increased sensitivity when detecting bio-analytes (M. S. Hasenbank, E. Fu and P. Yager, Langmuir, 2006, 22, 7451-7453), but to fully harness this method requires an improved understanding of the underlying electrochemical and chemical processes. We use spatial control of electrolyte streams on patterned conductive substrates in a microfluidic platform to elucidate the coupling of homogeneous chemical steps to heterogeneous electrochemical charge transfer processes. Because the gold surface was observable using SPR imaging, electrochemical phenomena could be monitored optically in real time. Based on these and additional results, we propose a mechanism for the novel amplification phenomenon that involves direct electron transfer between surface-immobilized enzyme molecules and the gold surface. This improved understanding of the underlying mechanism should enable the future implementation of this phenomenon in signal amplification schemes for highly sensitive lab-on-a-chip biosensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa S Hasenbank
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
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40
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Gao F, Yuan R, Chai Y, Tang M, Cao S, Chen S. Amperometric third-generation hydrogen peroxide biosensor based on immobilization of Hb on gold nanoparticles/cysteine/poly(p-aminobenzene sulfonic acid)-modified platinum disk electrode. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2006.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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41
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Suárez G, Jackson RJ, Spoors JA, McNeil CJ. Chemical Introduction of Disulfide Groups on Glycoproteins: A Direct Protein Anchoring Scenario. Anal Chem 2007; 79:1961-9. [PMID: 17261022 DOI: 10.1021/ac0613030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The present work reports a direct glycoprotein immobilization protocol where the protein is chemically modified with disulfide groups which act as anchor molecules able to chemisorb spontaneously onto clean gold surfaces. The specificity of the chemical reaction, for disulfide introduction, toward carbohydrate moieties prevents any cross-reaction with other functional groups present in the protein structure. Horseradish peroxidase (HRP) was chosen as a model glycoprotein, and a biologically active densely packed SAM was obtained on gold, as demonstrated by spectrophotometry and surface plasmon resonance (SPR) spectroscopy. A hydrogen peroxide amperometric biosensor was designed using a freely diffusing mediator which exhibited high sensitivity (196 mA M-1 cm-2) and low apparent Michaelis-Menten constant (67 microM). By extension, a mixed bienzymatic monolayer, obtained by simultaneous cochemisorption of modified HRP and glucose oxidase (GOD), on a clean gold electrode displayed a high sensitivity toward glucose (13 mA M-1 cm-2). Far from competing with the versatility of the classic SAM scenario or the precision of genetic engineering, this work presents a rational and particularly rapid approach where the selectivity of chemical reactions takes advantage of the specific location of carbohydrates on glycosylated protein and antibody structures for creating highly active biological interfaces directly chemisorbed onto bare gold detection devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume Suárez
- Diagnostic and Therapeutic Technologies, School of Clinical and Laboratory Sciences, The Medical School, University of Newcastle-upon-Tyne, Framlington Place, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, NE2 4HH, United Kingdom
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42
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Cao S, Yuan R, Chai Y, Zhang L, Li X, Gao F. A mediator-free amperometric hydrogen peroxide biosensor based on HRP immobilized on a nano-Au/poly 2,6-pyridinediamine-coated electrode. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 2007; 30:71-8. [PMID: 17242931 DOI: 10.1007/s00449-006-0100-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2006] [Accepted: 11/03/2006] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A mediator-free amperometric hydrogen peroxide biosensor was prepared by immobilizing horseradish peroxidase (HRP) enzyme on colloidal Au modified platinum (Pt) wire electrode, which was modified by poly 2,6-pyridinediamine (pPA). The modified process was characterized by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), and the electrochemical characteristics of the biosensor were studied by cyclic voltammetry, linear sweep voltammetry and chronoamperometry. The biosensor displayed an excellent electrocatalytical response to reduction of H(2)O(2) without the aid of an electron mediator, the linear range was 4.2 x 10(-7)-1.5 x 10(-3) mol/L (r = 0.9977), with a detection limit of 1.4 x 10(-7) mol/L. Moreover, the performance and factors influencing the resulted biosensor were studied in detail. The studied biosensor exhibited permselectivity, good stability and good fabrication reproducibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shurui Cao
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
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43
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Shervedani RK, Mehrjardi AH, Zamiri N. A novel method for glucose determination based on electrochemical impedance spectroscopy using glucose oxidase self-assembled biosensor. Bioelectrochemistry 2006; 69:201-8. [PMID: 16580891 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioelechem.2006.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2005] [Revised: 01/04/2006] [Accepted: 01/06/2006] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
A method is developed for quantitative determination of glucose using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The method is based on immobilized glucose oxidase (GOx) on the topside of gold mercaptopropionic acid self-assembled monolayers (Au-MPA-GOx SAMs) electrode and mediation of electron transfer by parabenzoquinone (PBQ). The PBQ is reduced to hydroquinone (H(2)Q), which in turn is oxidized at Au electrode in diffusion layer. An increase in the glucose concentration results in an increase in the diffusion current density of the H(2)Q oxidation, which corresponds to a decrease in the faradaic charge transfer resistance (R(ct)) obtained from the EIS measurements. Glucose is quantified from linear variation of the sensor response (1/R(ct)) as a function of glucose concentration in solution. The method is straightforward and nondestructive. The dynamic range for determination of glucose is extended to more than two orders of magnitude. A detection limit of 15.6 microM with a sensitivity of 9.66 x 10(-7) Omega(-1)mM(-1) is obtained.
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44
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Shervedani RK, Mozaffari SA. Copper(II) Nanosensor Based on a Gold Cysteamine Self-Assembled Monolayer Functionalized with Salicylaldehyde. Anal Chem 2006; 78:4957-63. [PMID: 16841917 DOI: 10.1021/ac052292y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Fabrication and electrochemical characterization of a novel nanosensor for determination of Cu2+ in subnanomolar concentrations is described. The sensor is based on gold cysteamine self-assembled monolayer functionalized with salicylaldehyde by means of Schiff's base formation. Cyclic voltammetry, Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), and electrochemical quartz crystal microbalance were used to probe the fabrication and characterization of the modified electrode. The sensor was used for quantitative determination of Cu2+ by the EIS in the presence of parabenzoquinone in comparison with stripping Osteryoung square wave voltammetry (OSWV). The attractive ability of the sensor to efficiently preconcentrate trace amounts of Cu2+ allowed a simple and reproducible method for copper determination. A wide range linear calibration curve was observed, 5.0 x 10(-11)-5.0 x 10(-6) and 5.0 x 10(-10)-5.0 x 10(-6) M Cu2+, by using the EIS and OSWV, respectively. Moreover, the sensor presented excellent stability with lower than 10% change in the response, as tested for more than three months daily experiments, and a high repeatability with relative standard deviations of 6.1 and 4.6% obtained for a series of eight successive measurements in 5.0 x 10(-7) M Cu2+ solution, by the EIS and OSWV, respectively.
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45
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Shervedani RK, Mozaffari SA. Impedimetric sensing of uranyl ion based on phosphate functionalized cysteamine self-assembled monolayers. Anal Chim Acta 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2006.01.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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47
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Abstract
Oxidoreductase enzymes catalyze single- or multi-electron reduction/oxidation reactions of small molecule inorganic or organic substrates, and they are integral to a wide variety of biological processes including respiration, energy production, biosynthesis, metabolism, and detoxification. All redox enzymes require a natural redox partner such as an electron-transfer protein (e.g. cytochrome, ferredoxin, flavoprotein) or a small molecule cosubstrate (e.g. NAD(P)H, dioxygen) to sustain catalysis, in effect to balance the substrate/product redox half-reaction. In principle, the natural electron-transfer partner may be replaced by an electrochemical working electrode. One of the great strengths of this approach is that the rate of catalysis (equivalent to the observed electrochemical current) may be probed as a function of applied potential through linear sweep and cyclic voltammetry, and insight to the overall catalytic mechanism may be gained by a systematic electrochemical study coupled with theoretical analysis. In this review, the various approaches to enzyme electrochemistry will be discussed, including direct and indirect (mediated) experiments, and a brief coverage of the theory relevant to these techniques will be presented. The importance of immobilizing enzymes on the electrode surface will be presented and the variety of ways that this may be done will be reviewed. The importance of chemical modification of the electrode surface in ensuring an environment conducive to a stable and active enzyme capable of functioning natively will be illustrated. Fundamental research into electrochemically driven enzyme catalysis has led to some remarkable practical applications. The glucose oxidase enzyme electrode is a spectacularly successful application of enzyme electrochemistry. Biosensors based on this technology are used worldwide by sufferers of diabetes to provide rapid and accurate analysis of blood glucose concentrations. Other applications of enzyme electrochemistry are in the sensing of macromolecular complexation events such as antigen–antibody binding and DNA hybridization. The review will include a selection of enzymes that have been successfully investigated by electrochemistry and, where appropriate, discuss their development towards practical biotechnological applications.
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48
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Marquette CA, Lawrence MF, Blum LJ. DNA Covalent Immobilization onto Screen-Printed Electrode Networks for Direct Label-Free Hybridization Detection of p53 Sequences. Anal Chem 2005; 78:959-64. [PMID: 16448075 DOI: 10.1021/ac051585o] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
A new electrochemical biochip for the detection of DNA sequences was developed. The entire biochip-i.e., working, reference, and counter electrodes-was constructed based on the screen-printing technique and exhibits eight working electrodes that could be individually addressed and grafted through a simple electrochemical procedure. Screen-printed electrode networks were functionalized electrochemically with 1-ethyl-3-(3dimethylaminopropyl)carbodidiimide according to a simple procedure. Single-stranded DNA with a C6-NH(2) linker at the 5'-end was then covalently bound to the surface to act as probe for the direct, nonlabeled, detection of complementary strands in a conductive liquid medium. In the present system, the study was focused on a particular codon (273) localized in the exon 8 of the p53 gene (20 mer, TTGAGGTGCATGTTTGTGCC). The integrity of the immobilized probes and its ability to capture target sequences was monitored through chemiluminescent detection following the hybridization of a peroxidase-labeled target. The grafting of the probe at the electrode surface was shown to generate significant shifts of the Nyquist curves measured in the 10-kHz to 80-Hz range. These variations of the faradaic impedance were found to be related to changes of the double layer capacitance of the electrochemical system's equivalent circuit. Similarly, hybridization of complementary strands was monitored through the measurements of these shifts, which enabled the detection of target sequences from 1 to 200 nM. Discrimination between complementary, noncomplementary, and single-nucleotide mismatch targets was easily accomplished.
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Affiliation(s)
- C A Marquette
- Laboratoire de Génie Enzymatique et Biomoléculaire, UMR CNRS 5013 Bat. CPE Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Villeurbanne, France.
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49
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Katz-Brull R, Koudinov AR, Degani H. Direct detection of brain acetylcholine synthesis by magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Brain Res 2005; 1048:202-10. [PMID: 15921662 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2005.04.080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2004] [Revised: 04/24/2005] [Accepted: 04/26/2005] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The cholinergic system is an important modulatory neurotransmitter system in the brain. Changes in acetylcholine concentration have been previously determined directly in animal models and human brain biopsy specimens, and indirectly, by the effects of drugs, in living humans. Here, we developed a method for direct determination of acetylcholine synthesis in living brain tissue. The method is based on administration of choline, enriched with carbon-13 (stable isotope) in the two methylene positions, and detection of labeled acetylcholine and all other metabolic fates of choline, by carbon-13 magnetic resonance spectroscopy. We tested this method in rat brain slices and found it to be specific for acetylcholine synthesis in both the cortex and hippocampus. This method is potentially useful as a research tool for exploring the cholinergic system role in cognitive processes and memory storage as well as in diseases in which the malfunction of the cholinergic system has been implicated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Katz-Brull
- Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel.
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50
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Ding Y, Wang H, Shen G, Yu R. Enzyme-catalyzed amplified immunoassay for the detection of Toxoplasma gondii-specific IgG using Faradaic impedance spectroscopy, CV and QCM. Anal Bioanal Chem 2005; 382:1491-9. [PMID: 16007442 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-005-3350-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2005] [Revised: 05/20/2005] [Accepted: 05/23/2005] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A highly sensitive electrochemical immunoassay for Toxoplasma gondii-specific IgG (Tg-IgG) in human serum has been developed that is based on an enzyme-catalyzed amplification due to the formation of an insoluble precipitate on the surface of a quartz crystal microbalance (QCM). T. gondii antigen (TgAg) was immobilized on the surface of a gold electrode in order to bind Tg-IgG, and this was followed by the addition of anti-Tg-IgG horseradish peroxidase conjugate (anti-Tg-IgG-HRP). Subsequent exposure to 3,3'-diaminobenzidine (DAB) led to the enzymatically-catalyzed amplified deposition of the oxidation products on the QCM surface in the presence of H2O2. The transduction methods electrochemical Faradaic impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and cyclic voltammetry (CV) were used to assay the resistance to electron transfer at the conductive support upon accumulation of the insoluble products. The precipitation process was monitored in real time by QCM. The assay conditions, including the concentration of immobilized TgAg and the dosage of anti-Tg-IgG-HRP conjugate, were optimized. It was found that the amount of precipitate that accumulated on the conductive QCM surface was determined by the concentration of the target analyte Tg-IgG and the time permitted for biocatalyzed precipitation. The technique was shown to give a linear electron transfer resistance response (as measured by EIS) for Tg-IgG dilutions ranging between 1:8000 and 1:200, and a detection limit of 1:9600 dilution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanjun Ding
- State Key Laboratory for Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, P. R. China
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