1
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Yu IF, D'Angelo KA, Hernandez-Mejías ÁD, Cheng N, Hartwig JF. 2-Aminophenanthroline Ligands Enable Mild, Undirected, Iridium-Catalyzed Borylation of Alkyl C-H Bonds. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:7124-7129. [PMID: 38456743 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c12981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
The catalytic, undirected borylation of alkyl C-H bonds typically occurs at high reaction temperatures or with excess substrate, or both, because of the low reactivity of alkyl C-H bonds. Here we report a new iridium system comprising 2-anilino-1,10-phenanthroline as the ligand that catalyzes the borylation of alkyl C-H bonds with little to no induction period and with high reaction rates. This superior activation and reactivity profile of 2-aminophenanthroline-ligated catalysts leads to broader reaction scope, including reactions of sensitive substrates, such as epoxides and glycosidic acetals, enhanced diastereoselectivity, and higher yields of borylated products. These catalysts also enable the borylation of alkanes, amines, and ethers at room temperature for the first time. Mechanistic studies imply that facile N-borylation occurs under the reaction conditions and that iridium complexes containing N-boryl aminophenanthrolines are competent precatalysts for the reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isaac F Yu
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Kyan A D'Angelo
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | | | - Nanrun Cheng
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - John F Hartwig
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
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2
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Schwab S, Baur M, Nelson TF, Mecking S. Synthesis and Deconstruction of Polyethylene-type Materials. Chem Rev 2024; 124:2327-2351. [PMID: 38408312 PMCID: PMC10941192 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.3c00587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Revised: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
Polyethylene deconstruction to reusable smaller molecules is hindered by the chemical inertness of its hydrocarbon chains. Pyrolysis and related approaches commonly require high temperatures, are energy-intensive, and yield mixtures of multiple classes of compounds. Selective cleavage reactions under mild conditions (
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon
T. Schwab
- Chair of Chemical Materials Science,
Department of Chemistry, University of Konstanz, Universitätsstraße 10, 78464 Konstanz, Germany
| | - Maximilian Baur
- Chair of Chemical Materials Science,
Department of Chemistry, University of Konstanz, Universitätsstraße 10, 78464 Konstanz, Germany
| | - Taylor F. Nelson
- Chair of Chemical Materials Science,
Department of Chemistry, University of Konstanz, Universitätsstraße 10, 78464 Konstanz, Germany
| | - Stefan Mecking
- Chair of Chemical Materials Science,
Department of Chemistry, University of Konstanz, Universitätsstraße 10, 78464 Konstanz, Germany
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3
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Banerjee A, Jay RM, Leitner T, Wang RP, Harich J, Stefanuik R, Coates MR, Beale EV, Kabanova V, Kahraman A, Wach A, Ozerov D, Arrell C, Milne C, Johnson PJM, Cirelli C, Bacellar C, Huse N, Odelius M, Wernet P. Accessing metal-specific orbital interactions in C-H activation with resonant inelastic X-ray scattering. Chem Sci 2024; 15:2398-2409. [PMID: 38362433 PMCID: PMC10866335 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc04388f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Photochemically prepared transition-metal complexes are known to be effective at cleaving the strong C-H bonds of organic molecules in room temperature solutions. There is also ample theoretical evidence that the two-way, metal to ligand (MLCT) and ligand to metal (LMCT), charge-transfer between an incoming alkane C-H group and the transition metal is the decisive interaction in the C-H activation reaction. What is missing, however, are experimental methods to directly probe these interactions in order to reveal what determines reactivity of intermediates and the rate of the reaction. Here, using quantum chemical simulations we predict and propose future time-resolved valence-to-core resonant inelastic X-ray scattering (VtC-RIXS) experiments at the transition metal L-edge as a method to provide a full account of the evolution of metal-alkane interactions during transition-metal mediated C-H activation reactions. For the model system cyclopentadienyl rhodium dicarbonyl (CpRh(CO)2), we demonstrate, by simulating the VtC-RIXS signatures of key intermediates in the C-H activation pathway, how the Rh-centered valence-excited states accessible through VtC-RIXS directly reflect changes in donation and back-donation between the alkane C-H group and the transition metal as the reaction proceeds via those intermediates. We benchmark and validate our quantum chemical simulations against experimental steady-state measurements of CpRh(CO)2 and Rh(acac)(CO)2 (where acac is acetylacetonate). Our study constitutes the first step towards establishing VtC-RIXS as a new experimental observable for probing reactivity of C-H activation reactions. More generally, the study further motivates the use of time-resolved VtC-RIXS to follow the valence electronic structure evolution along photochemical, photoinitiated and photocatalytic reactions with transition metal complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ambar Banerjee
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University 751 20 Uppsala Sweden
| | - Raphael M Jay
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University 751 20 Uppsala Sweden
| | - Torsten Leitner
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University 751 20 Uppsala Sweden
| | - Ru-Pan Wang
- Center for Free-Electron Laser Science, Department of Physics, University of Hamburg 22761 Hamburg Germany
| | - Jessica Harich
- Center for Free-Electron Laser Science, Department of Physics, University of Hamburg 22761 Hamburg Germany
| | - Robert Stefanuik
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University 751 20 Uppsala Sweden
| | - Michael R Coates
- Department of Physics, Stockholm University, AlbaNova University Center 106 91 Stockholm Sweden
| | - Emma V Beale
- Paul Scherrer Institute CH-5232 Villigen PSI Switzerland
| | | | | | - Anna Wach
- Paul Scherrer Institute CH-5232 Villigen PSI Switzerland
- Institute of Nuclear Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences PL-31342 Krakow Poland
| | - Dmitry Ozerov
- Paul Scherrer Institute CH-5232 Villigen PSI Switzerland
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Nils Huse
- Center for Free-Electron Laser Science, Department of Physics, University of Hamburg 22761 Hamburg Germany
| | - Michael Odelius
- Department of Physics, Stockholm University, AlbaNova University Center 106 91 Stockholm Sweden
| | - Philippe Wernet
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University 751 20 Uppsala Sweden
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4
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Phearman AS, Ardon Y, Goldberg KI. Insertion of Molecular Oxygen into a Gold(III)-Hydride Bond. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:4045-4059. [PMID: 38290523 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c12285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
The use of molecular oxygen as an oxidant in chemical synthesis has significant environmental and economic benefits, and it is widely used as such in large-scale industrial processes. However, its adoption in highly selective homogeneous catalytic transformations, particularly to produce oxygenated organics, has been hindered by our limited understanding of the mechanisms by which O2 reacts with transition metals. Of particular relevance are the mechanisms of the reactions of oxygen with late transition metal hydrides as these metal centers are better poised to release oxygenated products. Homogeneous catalysis with gold complexes has markedly increased, and herein we report the synthesis and full characterization of a rare AuIII-H, supported by a diphosphine pincer ligand (tBuPCP = 2,6-bis(di-tert-butylphosphinomethyl)benzene). [(tBuPCP)AuIII-H]+ was found to cleanly react with molecular oxygen to yield a stable AuIII-OOH complex that was also fully characterized. Extensive kinetic studies on the reaction via variable temperature NMR spectroscopy have been completed, and the results are consistent with an autoaccelerating radical chain mechanism. The observed kinetic behavior exhibits similarities to that of previously reported PdII-H and PtIV-H reactions with O2 but is not fully consistent with any known O2 insertion mechanism. As such, this study contributes to the nascent fundamental understanding of the mechanisms of aerobic oxidation of late metal hydrides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander S Phearman
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231 South 34th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Yotam Ardon
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231 South 34th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Karen I Goldberg
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231 South 34th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
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5
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Li QY, He Y, Lin YM, Gong L. Photo-Induced C-H Methylation Reactions. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202302542. [PMID: 37800464 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202302542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Revised: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023]
Abstract
Direct C-H methylation is a highly valuable approach for introducing methyl groups into organic molecules, particularly in pharmaceutical chemistry. Among the various methodologies available, photo-induced methylation stands out as an exceptional choice due to its mild reaction conditions, energy efficiency, and compatibility with functional groups. This article offers a comprehensive review of photochemical strategies employed for the direct and selective methylation of C(sp3 )-H, C(sp2 )-H, and C(sp)-H bonds in various organic molecules. The discussed methodologies encompass transition-metal-based photocatalysis, organophotocatalysis, as well as other metal-free approaches, including electron donor-acceptor (EDA)-enabled transformations. Importantly, a wide range of easily accessible agents such as tert-butyl peroxide, methanol, DMSO, methyl tert-butyl ether, TsOMe, N-(acetoxy)phthalimide, acetic acid, methyl halides, and even methane can serve as effective methylating reagents for modifying diverse targets. These advancements in photochemical C-H methylation are anticipated to drive further progress in the fields of organic synthesis, photocatalysis, and pharmaceutical development, opening up exciting avenues for creating novel organic molecules and discovering new drug compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian-Yu Li
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361005, China
| | - Yuhang He
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361005, China
| | - Yu-Mei Lin
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361005, China
| | - Lei Gong
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361005, China
- Innovation Laboratory for Sciences and, Technologies of Energy Materials of Fujian Province (IKKEM), Xiamen, Fujian, 361005, China
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6
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Raymenants F, Masson TM, Sanjosé-Orduna J, Noël T. Efficient C(sp 3 )-H Carbonylation of Light and Heavy Hydrocarbons with Carbon Monoxide via Hydrogen Atom Transfer Photocatalysis in Flow. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202308563. [PMID: 37459232 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202308563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
Despite their abundance in organic molecules, considerable limitations still exist in synthetic methods that target the direct C-H functionalization at sp3 -hybridized carbon atoms. This is even more the case for light alkanes, which bear some of the strongest C-H bonds known in Nature, requiring extreme activation conditions that are not tolerant to most organic molecules. To bypass these issues, synthetic chemists rely on prefunctionalized alkyl halides or organometallic coupling partners. However, new synthetic methods that target regioselectively C-H bonds in a variety of different organic scaffolds would be of great added value, not only for the late-stage functionalization of biologically active molecules but also for the catalytic upgrading of cheap and abundant hydrocarbon feedstocks. Here, we describe a general, mild and scalable protocol which enables the direct C(sp3 )-H carbonylation of saturated hydrocarbons, including natural products and light alkanes, using photocatalytic hydrogen atom transfer (HAT) and gaseous carbon monoxide (CO). Flow technology was deemed crucial to enable high gas-liquid mass transfer rates and fast reaction kinetics, needed to outpace deleterious reaction pathways, but also to leverage a scalable and safe process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabian Raymenants
- Flow Chemistry Group, Van't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences (HIMS), University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Tom M Masson
- Flow Chemistry Group, Van't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences (HIMS), University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jesús Sanjosé-Orduna
- Flow Chemistry Group, Van't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences (HIMS), University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Timothy Noël
- Flow Chemistry Group, Van't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences (HIMS), University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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7
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Sempsrott PJ, Trinh BB, Lovitt CF, Capra NE, Girolami GS. An osmium(II) methane complex: Elucidation of the methane coordination mode. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eadg8130. [PMID: 37294762 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adg8130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The activation of inert C─H bonds by transition metals is of considerable industrial and academic interest, but important gaps remain in our understanding of this reaction. We report the first experimental determination of the structure of the simplest hydrocarbon, methane, when bound as a ligand to a homogenous transition metal species. We find that methane binds to the metal center in this system through a single M···H-C bridge; changes in the 1JCH coupling constants indicate clearly that the structure of the methane ligand is significantly perturbed relative to the free molecule. These results are relevant to the development of better C─H functionalization catalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter J Sempsrott
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, 600 S. Mathews Avenue, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Brian B Trinh
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, 600 S. Mathews Avenue, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Charity Flener Lovitt
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, 600 S. Mathews Avenue, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
- School of Science, Technology, Engineering & Mathematics, University of Washington Bothell, Bothell, WA 98011, USA
| | - Nicolas E Capra
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, 600 S. Mathews Avenue, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Gregory S Girolami
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, 600 S. Mathews Avenue, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
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8
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Jay RM, Banerjee A, Leitner T, Wang RP, Harich J, Stefanuik R, Wikmark H, Coates MR, Beale EV, Kabanova V, Kahraman A, Wach A, Ozerov D, Arrell C, Johnson PJM, Borca CN, Cirelli C, Bacellar C, Milne C, Huse N, Smolentsev G, Huthwelker T, Odelius M, Wernet P. Tracking C-H activation with orbital resolution. Science 2023; 380:955-960. [PMID: 37262165 DOI: 10.1126/science.adf8042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Transition metal reactivity toward carbon-hydrogen (C-H) bonds hinges on the interplay of electron donation and withdrawal at the metal center. Manipulating this reactivity in a controlled way is difficult because the hypothesized metal-alkane charge-transfer interactions are challenging to access experimentally. Using time-resolved x-ray spectroscopy, we track the charge-transfer interactions during C-H activation of octane by a cyclopentadienyl rhodium carbonyl complex. Changes in oxidation state as well as valence-orbital energies and character emerge in the data on a femtosecond to nanosecond timescale. The x-ray spectroscopic signatures reflect how alkane-to-metal donation determines metal-alkane complex stability and how metal-to-alkane back-donation facilitates C-H bond cleavage by oxidative addition. The ability to dissect charge-transfer interactions on an orbital level provides opportunities for manipulating C-H reactivity at transition metals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raphael M Jay
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, 751 20 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Ambar Banerjee
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, 751 20 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Torsten Leitner
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, 751 20 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Ru-Pan Wang
- Center for Free-Electron Laser Science, Department of Physics, University of Hamburg, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Jessica Harich
- Center for Free-Electron Laser Science, Department of Physics, University of Hamburg, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Robert Stefanuik
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, 751 20 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Hampus Wikmark
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, 751 20 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Michael R Coates
- Department of Physics, Stockholm University, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Emma V Beale
- Paul-Scherrer Institute, CH-5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Anna Wach
- Paul-Scherrer Institute, CH-5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
- Institute of Nuclear Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, PL-31342 Krakow, Poland
| | - Dmitry Ozerov
- Paul-Scherrer Institute, CH-5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Nils Huse
- Center for Free-Electron Laser Science, Department of Physics, University of Hamburg, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | | | | | - Michael Odelius
- Department of Physics, Stockholm University, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Philippe Wernet
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, 751 20 Uppsala, Sweden
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9
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Pan ZT, Shen LM, Dagnaw FW, Zhong JJ, Jian JX, Tong QX. Minisci reaction of heteroarenes and unactivated C(sp 3)-H alkanes via a photogenerated chlorine radical. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023; 59:1637-1640. [PMID: 36683529 DOI: 10.1039/d2cc06486c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Here, an efficient Minisci reaction of heteroarenes and unactivated C(sp3)-H alkanes was achieved using an inexpensive FeCl3 as a photocatalyst. The photogenerated chlorine radical contributed to the HAT of C-H and subsequently initiated this reaction. Surprisingly, salt water and even seawater can act as a chlorine radical source, which provided an enlightening idea for future organic synthesis methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi-Tong Pan
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory for Preparation and Application of Ordered Structural Material of Guangdong Province, and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Disaster Prediction and Prevention, Shantou University, Shantou, Guangdong, 515063, China.
| | - Li-Miao Shen
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory for Preparation and Application of Ordered Structural Material of Guangdong Province, and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Disaster Prediction and Prevention, Shantou University, Shantou, Guangdong, 515063, China.
| | - Fentahun Wondu Dagnaw
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory for Preparation and Application of Ordered Structural Material of Guangdong Province, and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Disaster Prediction and Prevention, Shantou University, Shantou, Guangdong, 515063, China.
| | - Jian-Ji Zhong
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory for Preparation and Application of Ordered Structural Material of Guangdong Province, and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Disaster Prediction and Prevention, Shantou University, Shantou, Guangdong, 515063, China.
| | - Jing-Xin Jian
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory for Preparation and Application of Ordered Structural Material of Guangdong Province, and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Disaster Prediction and Prevention, Shantou University, Shantou, Guangdong, 515063, China.
| | - Qing-Xiao Tong
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory for Preparation and Application of Ordered Structural Material of Guangdong Province, and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Disaster Prediction and Prevention, Shantou University, Shantou, Guangdong, 515063, China.
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10
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Lovitt CF, Capra NE, Lastowski RJ, Girolami GS. Steric and Electronic Analyses of Ligand Effects on the Stability of σ-Methane Coordination Complexes: A DFT Study. Organometallics 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.2c00434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Charity Flener Lovitt
- School of Science, Technology, Engineering & Mathematics, University of Washington Bothell, 18115 Campus Way NE, Bothell, Washington 98011, United States
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 600 South Mathews Avenue, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Nicolas E. Capra
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 600 South Mathews Avenue, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - R. Joseph Lastowski
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 600 South Mathews Avenue, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Gregory S. Girolami
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 600 South Mathews Avenue, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
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11
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Rettig ID, Xu J, Knight EA, Truong PT, Bowring MA. Variable Kinetic Isotope Effect Reveals a Multistep Pathway for Protonolysis of a Pt–Me Bond. Organometallics 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.2c00504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Irving D. Rettig
- Department of Chemistry, Reed College, Portland, Oregon97202, United States
| | - Jingtong Xu
- Department of Chemistry, Reed College, Portland, Oregon97202, United States
| | | | - Phan T. Truong
- Department of Chemistry, Reed College, Portland, Oregon97202, United States
| | - Miriam A. Bowring
- Department of Chemistry, Reed College, Portland, Oregon97202, United States
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12
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Gordon BM, Parihar A, Hasanayn F, Goldman AS. High Activity and Selectivity for Catalytic Alkane–Alkene Transfer (De)hydrogenation by ( tBuPPP)Ir and the Importance of Choice of a Sacrificial Hydrogen Acceptor. Organometallics 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.2c00401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin M. Gordon
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, United States
| | - Ashish Parihar
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, United States
| | - Faraj Hasanayn
- Department of Chemistry, American University of Beirut, Beirut 1107 2020, Lebanon
| | - Alan S. Goldman
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, United States
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13
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Cheng S, Li Q, Cheng X, Lin Y, Gong L. Recent Advances in Asymmetric Transformations of Unactivated Alkanes and Cycloalkanes through Direct C–H Functionalization. CHINESE J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/cjoc.202200435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shiyan Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Xiamen University Xiamen Fujian 361005 China
| | - Qianyu Li
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Xiamen University Xiamen Fujian 361005 China
| | - Xiuliang Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Xiamen University Xiamen Fujian 361005 China
| | - Yu‐Mei Lin
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Xiamen University Xiamen Fujian 361005 China
| | - Lei Gong
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Xiamen University Xiamen Fujian 361005 China
- Innovation Laboratory for Sciences and Technologies of Energy Materials of Fujian Province (IKKEM), Xiamen 361005 China
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14
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Patil RD, Dutta M, Pratihar S. Hydrogenation Involving Two Different Proton- and Hydride-Transferring Reagents through Metal–Ligand Cooperation: Mechanism and Scope. Organometallics 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.2c00229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rahul Daga Patil
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
- Inorganic Materials and Catalysis Division, CSIR─Central Salt & Marine Chemicals Research Institute, G.B. Marg, Bhavnagar 364002, Gujarat, India
| | - Manali Dutta
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Tezpur University, Tezpur 784028, Assam, India
| | - Sanjay Pratihar
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
- Inorganic Materials and Catalysis Division, CSIR─Central Salt & Marine Chemicals Research Institute, G.B. Marg, Bhavnagar 364002, Gujarat, India
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15
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Zhang J, Huang W, Han K, Song G, Hu S. Scandium, titanium and vanadium complexes supported by PCP-type pincer ligands: synthesis, structure, and styrene polymerization activity. Dalton Trans 2022; 51:12250-12257. [PMID: 35895309 DOI: 10.1039/d2dt01389d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A series of first-row early transition metal dialkyl complexes bearing pincer ligands [(POCOP)M(CH2SiMe3)2] (POCOP: (2,6-(tBu2PO)2-C6H3); 1-Sc: M = Sc; 1-Ti: M = Ti; 1-V: M = V) and [(PCP)M(CH2SiMe3)2] (PCP: (2,6-(tBu2PCH2)2-C6H3); 2-Sc: M = Sc; 2-Ti: M = Ti) have been synthesized. These dialkyl complexes were characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction, NMR spectroscopy, and solution magnetic susceptibility (Evans method) analyses appropriately. All the complexes exhibited square pyramidal geometries with different extents of distortion. The activities of these complexes were further explored in styrene polymerization, in which combinations of scandium complexes (1-Sc or 2-Sc) with [Ph3C][B(C6F5)4] were found to be active catalytic systems for highly syndiospecific (>99% rrrr) polymerization of styrene. Meanwhile, the Ti(III) complexes 1-Ti and 2-Ti showed rather low activity in styrene polymerization, which stands in sharp contrast to those in previous reports involving Ti(III) catalysts bearing cyclopentadienyl derivative ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayu Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Lignocellulosic Chemistry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, People's Republic of China.
| | - Wenshuang Huang
- College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, No. 19, Xin-wai street, Beijing 100875, People's Republic of China.
| | - Kailing Han
- College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, No. 19, Xin-wai street, Beijing 100875, People's Republic of China.
| | - Guoyong Song
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Lignocellulosic Chemistry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, People's Republic of China.
| | - Shaowei Hu
- College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, No. 19, Xin-wai street, Beijing 100875, People's Republic of China.
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16
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Royle CG, Sotorrios L, Gyton MR, Brodie CN, Burnage AL, Furfari SK, Marini A, Warren MR, Macgregor SA, Weller AS. Single-Crystal to Single-Crystal Addition of H 2 to [Ir( iPr-PONOP)(propene)][BAr F4] and Comparison Between Solid-State and Solution Reactivity. Organometallics 2022; 41:3270-3280. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.2c00274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cameron G. Royle
- Department of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington YO10 5DD, York, U.K
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, U.K
| | - Lia Sotorrios
- Institute of Chemical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, U.K
| | - Matthew R. Gyton
- Department of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington YO10 5DD, York, U.K
| | - Claire N. Brodie
- Department of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington YO10 5DD, York, U.K
| | - Arron L. Burnage
- Institute of Chemical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, U.K
| | | | - Anna Marini
- Diamond Light Source Ltd, Didcot OX11 0DE, U.K
- Department of Chemistry, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, U.K
| | | | - Stuart A. Macgregor
- Institute of Chemical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, U.K
| | - Andrew S. Weller
- Department of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington YO10 5DD, York, U.K
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17
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Zeitler HE, Phearman AS, Gau MR, Carroll PJ, Cundari TR, Goldberg KI. Metal-Ligand-Anion Cooperation in C-H Bond Formation at Platinum(II). J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:14446-14451. [PMID: 35881991 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c05096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Thermolysis of [H(BPI)Pt(CH3)][OTf] (BPI = 1,3-bis(2-(4-tert-butyl)pyridylimino)isoindole) to release methane and form (BPI)Pt(OTf) is reported. Kinetic, mechanistic, and computational studies point to an unusual anion-assisted pathway that obviates the need for a higher oxidation state intermediate to couple the metal-bound methyl group with the ligand-bound hydrogen. Leveraging this insight, a triflimide derivative of the (BPI)Pt complex was shown to activate benzene, highlighting the role of the counteranion in controlling the activity of these complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah E Zeitler
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Alexander S Phearman
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Michael R Gau
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Patrick J Carroll
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Thomas R Cundari
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Advanced Scientific Computing and Modeling, University of North Texas, Denton, Texas 76203, United States
| | - Karen I Goldberg
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
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18
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Yu F, Tao R, Su Y, Liu G, Huang Z. Undirected, Asymmetric Alkyl Group Functionalizations through Alkane Dehydrogenation. Org Lett 2022; 24:4563-4568. [PMID: 35724678 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c01009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Direct asymmetric alkyl group functionalizations can potentially convert abundant and inexpensive hydrocarbon feedstocks into value-added chiral fine chemicals. Here, we report a one-pot, dehydrogenation-based strategy for enantioselective formal benzylic C(sp3)-H bond borylation. Dehydrogenation of alkylarenes by a pincer-Ir complex produces aryl alkenes via a tandem dehydrogenation/alkene-isomerization catalysis. The subsequent Cu-catalyzed asymmetric alkene hydroboration affords benzylic boronate esters with excellent site- and enantioselectivity. The generality of this strategy has been further demonstrated by asymmetric alkyl group amination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Yu
- Chang-Kung Chuang Institute, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China.,The State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Renqing Tao
- The State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yiting Su
- Chang-Kung Chuang Institute, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China.,The State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Guixia Liu
- Chang-Kung Chuang Institute, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China.,The State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Zheng Huang
- Chang-Kung Chuang Institute, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China.,The State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China.,School of Chemistry and Material Sciences, Hangzhou Institute of Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1 Sub-lane Xiangshan, Hangzhou 310024, China
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19
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Su Y, Yu F, Liu G, Huang Z. Dehydrogenation Based Asymmetric Epoxidation of Arylalkanes to Chiral Epoxides. CHINESE J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/cjoc.202200304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yiting Su
- Chang‐Kung Chuang Institute East China Normal University Shanghai 200062 China
| | - Feng Yu
- Chang‐Kung Chuang Institute East China Normal University Shanghai 200062 China
| | - Guixia Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road Shanghai 200032 China
| | - Zheng Huang
- Chang‐Kung Chuang Institute East China Normal University Shanghai 200062 China
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road Shanghai 200032 China
- School of Chemistry and Material Sciences, , Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1 Sub‐lane Xiangshan Hangzhou 310024 China
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20
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Kawazu R, Torigoe T, Kuninobu Y. Iridium-Catalyzed C(sp 3 )-H Borylation Using Silyl-Bipyridine Pincer Ligands. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202202327. [PMID: 35262270 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202202327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
New ligands for the iridium-catalyzed C(sp3 )-H borylation of aliphatic compounds were established. In sharp contrast to 6-methyl-2,2'-bipyridine and 6-isobutyl-2,2'-bipyridine, 2,2'-bipyridine and 1,10-phenanthroline derivatives bearing a hydrosilylmethyl group (which would give a thermally stable NNSi pincer complex) served as suitable ligands for the reaction. Among them, a phenanthroline-based NNSi pincer ligand was shown to be an excellent ligand, and various aliphatic compounds were efficiently converted to the corresponding borylated products using the Ir/NNSi pincer catalyst system. The NNSi pincer ligand showed unique selectivity and enabled the iridium-catalyzed C(sp3 )-H borylation using pinacolborane [H-B(pin)] instead of B2 (pin)2 . The formation of an iridium complex bearing a quinoline-based NNSi pincer ligand from [IrCl(cod)]2 was observed, and the catalytic activity of the complex was demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryohei Kawazu
- Department of Molecular and Material Sciences, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Engineering Sciences, Kyushu University, 6-1 Kasugakoen, Kasuga-shi, Fukuoka 816-8580, Japan
| | - Takeru Torigoe
- Institute for Materials Chemistry and Engineering, Kyushu University, 6-1 Kasugakoen, Kasuga-shi, Fukuoka, 816-8580, Japan.,Department of Interdisciplinary Engineering Sciences, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Engineering Sciences, Kyushu University, 6-1 Kasugakoen, Kasuga-shi, Fukuoka 816-8580, Japan
| | - Yoichiro Kuninobu
- Institute for Materials Chemistry and Engineering, Kyushu University, 6-1 Kasugakoen, Kasuga-shi, Fukuoka, 816-8580, Japan.,Department of Interdisciplinary Engineering Sciences, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Engineering Sciences, Kyushu University, 6-1 Kasugakoen, Kasuga-shi, Fukuoka 816-8580, Japan
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21
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Ghosh S, Tran PN, McElheny D, Perez JJ, Nguyen AI. Peptidic Scaffolds Enable Rapid and Multivariate Secondary Sphere Evolution for an Abiotic Metallocatalyst. Inorg Chem 2022; 61:6679-6687. [PMID: 35446044 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.2c00901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Metalloenzymes have benefited from the iterative process of evolution to achieve the precise arrangements of secondary sphere non-covalent interactions that enhance metal-centered catalysis. Iterative synthesis of scaffolds that display complex secondary sphere elements in abiotic systems can be highly challenging and time-intensive. To overcome this synthetic bottleneck, we developed a highly modular and rapid synthetic strategy, leveraging the efficiency of solid-phase peptide synthesis and conformational control afforded by non-canonical residues to construct a ligand platform displaying up to four unique residues of varying electronics and sterics in the secondary coordination sphere. As a proof-of-concept that peptidic secondary sphere can cooperate with the metal complex, we applied this scaffold to a well-known, modestly active C-H oxidizing Fe catalyst to evolve specific non-covalent interactions that is more than double its catalytic activity. Solution-state NMR structures of several catalyst variants suggest that higher activity is correlated with a hydrophobic pocket above the Fe center that may enhance the formation of a catalyst-substrate complex. Above all, we show that peptides are a convenient, highly modular, and structurally defined ligand platform for creating secondary coordination spheres that comprise multiple, diverse functional groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabari Ghosh
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60607, United States
| | - Phuong Nguyen Tran
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60607, United States
| | - Dan McElheny
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60607, United States
| | - Juan J Perez
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60607, United States
| | - Andy I Nguyen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60607, United States
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22
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Fu Y, Chen CH, Huang MG, Tao JY, Peng X, Xu HB, Liu YJ, Zeng MH. Remote C5-Selective Functionalization of Naphthalene Enabled by P–Ru–C Bond-Directed δ-Activation. ACS Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.2c00839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yueliuting Fu
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Organic Chemical Materials, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for the Synthesis and Application of Organic Functional Molecules, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Cui-Hong Chen
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Organic Chemical Materials, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for the Synthesis and Application of Organic Functional Molecules, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Mao-Gui Huang
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Organic Chemical Materials, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for the Synthesis and Application of Organic Functional Molecules, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Jun-Yang Tao
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Organic Chemical Materials, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for the Synthesis and Application of Organic Functional Molecules, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Xu Peng
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Organic Chemical Materials, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for the Synthesis and Application of Organic Functional Molecules, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Hai-Bing Xu
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Organic Chemical Materials, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for the Synthesis and Application of Organic Functional Molecules, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Yue-Jin Liu
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Organic Chemical Materials, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for the Synthesis and Application of Organic Functional Molecules, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Ming-Hua Zeng
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Organic Chemical Materials, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for the Synthesis and Application of Organic Functional Molecules, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, China
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, Ministry of Science and Technology of China, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541004, China
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23
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Kawazu R, Torigoe T, Kuninobu Y. Iridium‐Catalyzed C(sp
3
)−H Borylation Using Silyl‐Bipyridine Pincer Ligands. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202202327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ryohei Kawazu
- Department of Molecular and Material Sciences Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Engineering Sciences Kyushu University 6-1 Kasugakoen Kasuga-shi Fukuoka 816-8580 Japan
| | - Takeru Torigoe
- Institute for Materials Chemistry and Engineering Kyushu University 6-1 Kasugakoen, Kasuga-shi Fukuoka 816-8580 Japan
- Department of Interdisciplinary Engineering Sciences Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Engineering Sciences Kyushu University 6-1 Kasugakoen Kasuga-shi Fukuoka 816-8580 Japan
| | - Yoichiro Kuninobu
- Institute for Materials Chemistry and Engineering Kyushu University 6-1 Kasugakoen, Kasuga-shi Fukuoka 816-8580 Japan
- Department of Interdisciplinary Engineering Sciences Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Engineering Sciences Kyushu University 6-1 Kasugakoen Kasuga-shi Fukuoka 816-8580 Japan
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24
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Gonzalez MI, Gygi D, Qin Y, Zhu Q, Johnson EJ, Chen YS, Nocera DG. Taming the Chlorine Radical: Enforcing Steric Control over Chlorine-Radical-Mediated C-H Activation. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:1464-1472. [PMID: 35020391 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c13333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Chlorine radicals readily activate C-H bonds, but the high reactivity of these intermediates precludes their use in regioselective C-H functionalization reactions. We demonstrate that the secondary coordination sphere of a metal complex can confine photoeliminated chlorine radicals and afford steric control over their reactivity. Specifically, a series of iron(III) chloride pyridinediimine complexes exhibit activity for photochemical C(sp3)-H chlorination and bromination with selectivity for primary and secondary C-H bonds, overriding thermodynamic preference for weaker tertiary C-H bonds. Transient absorption spectroscopy reveals that Cl· remains confined through formation of a Cl·|arene complex with aromatic groups on the pyridinediimine ligand. Furthermore, photocrystallography confirms that this selectivity arises from the generation of Cl· within the steric environment defined by the iron secondary coordination sphere.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel I Gonzalez
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, 12 Oxford Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
| | - David Gygi
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, 12 Oxford Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
| | - Yangzhong Qin
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, 12 Oxford Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
| | - Qilei Zhu
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, 12 Oxford Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
| | - Elizabeth J Johnson
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, 12 Oxford Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
| | - Yu-Sheng Chen
- ChemMatCARS, The University of Chicago, Argonne, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Daniel G Nocera
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, 12 Oxford Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
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25
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Zhang S, Dong S, Cheng X, Ye Z, Lin L, Zhu J, Gong L. Chiral polycyclic benzosultams from photocatalytic diastereo- and enantioselective benzylic C–H functionalization. Org Chem Front 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2qo01491b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Photocatalytic diastereo- and enantioselective C(sp3)–H functionalization/intramolecular cyclization reactions have been achieved, delivering optically active polycyclic benzosultams and fused tetrahydroisoquinolines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaonan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Shicheng Dong
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Xiuliang Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Ziqi Ye
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Lu Lin
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Jun Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Lei Gong
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
- Innovation Laboratory for Sciences and Technologies of Energy Materials of Fujian Province (IKKEM), Xiamen 361005, China
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26
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Cheng X, Li D, Yang B, Lin Y, Gong L. Recent Advances in Visible-Light Photocatalytic Asymmetric Synthesis Enabled by Chiral Lewis Acids. CHINESE J ORG CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.6023/cjoc202205032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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27
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Kim Y, Ma R, Lee J, Harich J, Nam D, Kim S, Kim M, Ochmann M, Eom I, Huse N, Lee JH, Kim TK. Ligand-Field Effects in a Ruthenium(II) Polypyridyl Complex Probed by Femtosecond X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy. J Phys Chem Lett 2021; 12:12165-12172. [PMID: 34914396 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.1c02400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
We employ femtosecond X-ray absorption spectroscopy of [Ru(m-bpy)3]2+ (m-bpy = 6-methyl-2,2'-bipyridine) to elucidate the time evolution of the spin and charge density upon metal-to-ligand charge-transfer (MLCT) excitation. The core-level transitions at the Ru L3-edge reveal a very short MLCT lifetime of 0.9 ps and relaxation to the lowest triplet metal-centered state (3MC) which exhibits a lifetime of about 300 ps. Time-dependent density functional theory relates ligand methylation to a lower ligand field strength that stabilizes the 3MC state. A quarter of the 3MLCT population appears to be trapped which may be attributed to intramolecular vibrational relaxation or further electron transfer to the solvent. Our results demonstrate that small changes in the ligand field allow control of the photophysical properties. Moreover, this study underscores the high information content of femtosecond L-edge spectroscopy as a probe of valence charge density and spin-state in 4d transition metals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujin Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Junho Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Jessica Harich
- Department of Physics, University of Hamburg and Center for Free-Electron Laser Science, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | | | | | | | - Miguel Ochmann
- Department of Physics, University of Hamburg and Center for Free-Electron Laser Science, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | | | - Nils Huse
- Department of Physics, University of Hamburg and Center for Free-Electron Laser Science, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | | | - Tae Kyu Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
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28
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The continuum of carbon-hydrogen (C-H) activation mechanisms and terminology. Commun Chem 2021; 4:173. [PMID: 36697593 PMCID: PMC9814233 DOI: 10.1038/s42004-021-00611-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
As a rapidly growing field across all areas of chemistry, C-H activation/functionalisation is being used to access a wide range of important molecular targets. Of particular interest is the development of a sustainable methodology for alkane functionalisation as a means for reducing hydrocarbon emissions. This Perspective aims to give an outline to the community with respect to commonly used terminology in C-H activation, as well as the mechanisms that are currently understood to operate for (cyclo)alkane activation/functionalisation.
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29
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Panda C, Doyle LM, Gericke R, McDonald AR. Rapid Iron(III)−Fluoride‐Mediated Hydrogen Atom Transfer. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202112683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chakadola Panda
- School of Chemistry Trinity College Dublin The University of Dublin, College Green Dublin 2 Ireland
| | - Lorna M. Doyle
- School of Chemistry Trinity College Dublin The University of Dublin, College Green Dublin 2 Ireland
| | - Robert Gericke
- School of Chemistry Trinity College Dublin The University of Dublin, College Green Dublin 2 Ireland
- Current address: Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf e. V. Institute of Resource Ecology Bautzner Landstrasse 400 01328 Dresden Germany
| | - Aidan R. McDonald
- School of Chemistry Trinity College Dublin The University of Dublin, College Green Dublin 2 Ireland
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30
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Hirscher NA, Ohri N, Yang Q, Zhou J, Anna JM, Schelter EJ, Goldberg KI. A Metal-Free, Photocatalytic Method for Aerobic Alkane Iodination. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:19262-19267. [PMID: 34779622 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c08499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Halogenation is an important alkane functionalization strategy, but O2 is widely considered the most desirable terminal oxidant. Here, the aerobic iodination of alkanes, including methane, was performed using catalytic [nBu4N]Cl and light irradiation (390 nm). Up to 10 turnovers of CH3I were obtained from CH4 and air, using a stop-flow microtubing system. Mechanistic studies using cyclohexane as the substrate revealed important details about the iodination reaction. Iodine (I2) serves multiple roles in the catalysis: (1) as the alkyl radical trap, (2) as a precursor for the light absorber, and (3) as a mediator of aerobic oxidation. The alkane activation is attributed to Cl• derived from photofragmentation of the electron donor-acceptor complex of I2 and Cl-. The kinetic profile of cyclohexane iodination showed that aerobic oxidation of I3- to produce I2 in CH3CN is turnover-limiting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathanael A Hirscher
- Roy and Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231 South 34th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Nidhi Ohri
- Roy and Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231 South 34th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Qiaomu Yang
- Roy and Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231 South 34th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Jiawang Zhou
- Roy and Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231 South 34th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Jessica M Anna
- Roy and Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231 South 34th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Eric J Schelter
- Roy and Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231 South 34th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Karen I Goldberg
- Roy and Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231 South 34th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
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31
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Ye Z, Lin Y, Gong L. The Merger of Photocatalyzed Hydrogen Atom Transfer with Transition Metal Catalysis for C−H Functionalization of Alkanes and Cycloalkanes. European J Org Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202101036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ziqi Ye
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Fujian Province iChEM College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Xiamen University Xiamen, Fujian 361005 China
| | - Yu‐Mei Lin
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Fujian Province iChEM College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Xiamen University Xiamen, Fujian 361005 China
| | - Lei Gong
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Fujian Province iChEM College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Xiamen University Xiamen, Fujian 361005 China
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32
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Lovisari M, Gericke R, Twamley B, McDonald AR. Comparing Metal-Halide and -Oxygen Adducts in Oxidative C/O-H Activation: Au III-Cl versus Au III-OH. Inorg Chem 2021; 60:15610-15616. [PMID: 34582177 PMCID: PMC8527453 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.1c02222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
![]()
High-valent metal–halides
have come to prominence as highly
effective oxidants. A direct comparison of their efficacy against
that of traditional metal–oxygen adducts is needed. [AuIII(Cl)(terpy)](ClO4)2 (1; terpy = 2,2′:6′,2-terpyridine) readily oxidized substrates bearing O–H and C–H bonds
via a hydrogen atom transfer mechanism. A direct comparison with [AuIII(OH)(terpy)](ClO4)2 (2) showed that 1 was a kinetically superior oxidant with
respect to 2 for all substrates tested. We ascribe this
to the greater thermodynamic driving force imbued by the Cl ligand
versus the OH ligand. We report a
direct comparison of the efficacy of metal−halide
oxidants to those of traditional metal−oxygen adducts. AuIII−Cl and AuIII−OH oxidants, supported
by the same ancillary ligand, readily oxidized substrates via a hydrogen
atom transfer mechanism. The AuIII−Cl oxidant was
kinetically superior for all substrates. We ascribed this to the greater
thermodynamic driving force imbued by the Cl ligand versus the OH
ligand.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Lovisari
- School of Chemistry, Trinity College Dublin, The University of Dublin, College Green, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Robert Gericke
- School of Chemistry, Trinity College Dublin, The University of Dublin, College Green, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Brendan Twamley
- School of Chemistry, Trinity College Dublin, The University of Dublin, College Green, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Aidan R McDonald
- School of Chemistry, Trinity College Dublin, The University of Dublin, College Green, Dublin 2, Ireland
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33
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Panda C, Doyle LM, Gericke R, McDonald AR. Rapid Iron(III)-Fluoride-Mediated Hydrogen Atom Transfer. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:26281-26286. [PMID: 34582619 PMCID: PMC9298026 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202112683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
We anticipate high-valent metal-fluoride species will be highly effective hydrogen atom transfer (HAT) oxidants because of the magnitude of the H-F bond (in the product) that drives HAT oxidation. We prepared a dimeric FeIII (F)-F-FeIII (F) complex (1) by reacting [FeII (NCCH3 )2 (TPA)](ClO4 )2 (TPA=tris(2-pyridylmethyl)amine) with difluoro(phenyl)-λ3 -iodane (difluoroiodobenzene). 1 was a sluggish oxidant, however, it was readily activated by reaction with Lewis or Brønsted acids to yield a monomeric [FeIII (TPA)(F)(X)]+ complex (2) where X=F/OTf. 1 and 2 were characterized using NMR, EPR, UV/Vis, and FT-IR spectroscopies and mass spectrometry. 2 was a remarkably reactive FeIII reagent for oxidative C-H activation, demonstrating reaction rates for hydrocarbon HAT comparable to the most reactive FeIII and FeIV oxidants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chakadola Panda
- School of Chemistry, Trinity College Dublin, The University of Dublin, College Green, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Lorna M Doyle
- School of Chemistry, Trinity College Dublin, The University of Dublin, College Green, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Robert Gericke
- School of Chemistry, Trinity College Dublin, The University of Dublin, College Green, Dublin 2, Ireland.,Current address: Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf e. V., Institute of Resource Ecology, Bautzner Landstrasse 400, 01328, Dresden, Germany
| | - Aidan R McDonald
- School of Chemistry, Trinity College Dublin, The University of Dublin, College Green, Dublin 2, Ireland
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34
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Valentini F, Piermatti O, Vaccaro L. Metal Nanoparticles as Sustainable Tools for C-N Bond Formation via C-H Activation. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26134106. [PMID: 34279446 PMCID: PMC8272244 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26134106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Revised: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The design of highly active metal nanoparticles to be employed as efficient heterogeneous catalysts is a key tool for the construction of complex organic molecules and the minimization of their environmental costs. The formation of novel C-N bonds via C-H activation is an effective atom-economical strategy to access high value materials in pharmaceuticals, polymers, and natural product production. In this contribution, the literature of the last ten years on the use of metal nanoparticles in the processes involving direct C-N bond formation will be discussed. Where possible, a discussion on the role and influence of the support used for the immobilization and/or the metal chosen is reported. Particular attention was given to the description of the experiments performed to elucidate the active mechanism.
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35
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Gu S, Chen J, Musgrave CB, Gehman ZM, Habgood LG, Jia X, Dickie DA, Goddard WA, Gunnoe TB. Functionalization of Rh III–Me Bonds: Use of “Capping Arene” Ligands to Facilitate Me–X Reductive Elimination. Organometallics 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.1c00223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Shunyan Gu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, United States
| | - Junqi Chen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, United States
| | - Charles B. Musgrave
- Materials and Process Simulation Center, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Zoë M. Gehman
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, United States
| | - Laurel G. Habgood
- Department of Chemistry, Rollins College, Winter Park, Florida 32789, United States
| | - Xiaofan Jia
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, United States
| | - Diane A. Dickie
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, United States
| | - William A. Goddard
- Materials and Process Simulation Center, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - T. Brent Gunnoe
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, United States
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36
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Rubashkin SB, Chu WY, Goldberg KI. Lowering the Barrier to C–H Activation at IrIII through Pincer Ligand Design. Organometallics 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.1c00080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sophie B. Rubashkin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Wan-Yi Chu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Karen I. Goldberg
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
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37
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Photocatalytic three-component asymmetric sulfonylation via direct C(sp 3)-H functionalization. Nat Commun 2021; 12:2377. [PMID: 33888721 PMCID: PMC8062459 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-22690-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The direct and selective C(sp3)-H functionalization of cycloalkanes and alkanes is a highly useful process in organic synthesis owing to the low-cost starting materials, the high step and atom economy. Its application to asymmetric catalysis, however, has been scarcely explored. Herein, we disclose our effort toward this goal by incorporation of dual asymmetric photocatalysis by a chiral nickel catalyst and a commercially available organophotocatalyst with a radical relay strategy through sulfur dioxide insertion. Such design leads to the development of three-component asymmetric sulfonylation involving direct functionalization of cycloalkanes, alkanes, toluene derivatives or ethers. The photochemical reaction of a C(sp3)-H precursor, a SO2 surrogate and a common α,β-unsaturated carbonyl compound proceeds smoothly under mild conditions, delivering a wide range of biologically interesting α-C chiral sulfones with high regio- and enantioselectivity (>50 examples, up to >50:1 rr and 95% ee). This method is applicable to late-stage functionalization of bioactive molecules, and provides an appealing access to enantioenriched compounds starting from the abundant hydrocarbon compounds.
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38
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Hoque ME, Hassan MMM, Chattopadhyay B. Remarkably Efficient Iridium Catalysts for Directed C(sp 2)-H and C(sp 3)-H Borylation of Diverse Classes of Substrates. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:5022-5037. [PMID: 33783196 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c13415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Here we describe the discovery of a new class of C-H borylation catalysts and their use for regioselective C-H borylation of aromatic, heteroaromatic, and aliphatic systems. The new catalysts have Ir-C(thienyl) or Ir-C(furyl) anionic ligands instead of the diamine-type neutral chelating ligands used in the standard C-H borylation conditions. It is reported that the employment of these newly discovered catalysts show excellent reactivity and ortho-selectivity for diverse classes of aromatic substrates with high isolated yields. Moreover, the catalysts proved to be efficient for a wide number of aliphatic substrates for selective C(sp3)-H bond borylations. Heterocyclic molecules are selectively borylated using the inherently elevated reactivity of the C-H bonds. A number of late-stage C-H functionalization have been described using the same catalysts. Furthermore, we show that one of the catalysts could be used even in open air for the C(sp2)-H and C(sp3)-H borylations enabling the method more general. Preliminary mechanistic studies suggest that the active catalytic intermediate is the Ir(bis)boryl complex, and the attached ligand acts as bidentate ligand. Collectively, this study underlines the discovery of new class of C-H borylation catalysts that should find wide application in the context of C-H functionalization chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Emdadul Hoque
- Center of Bio-Medical Research, Division of Molecular Synthesis & Drug Discovery, SGPGIMS Campus, Raebareli Road, Lucknow, 226014 Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Mirja Md Mahamudul Hassan
- Center of Bio-Medical Research, Division of Molecular Synthesis & Drug Discovery, SGPGIMS Campus, Raebareli Road, Lucknow, 226014 Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Buddhadeb Chattopadhyay
- Center of Bio-Medical Research, Division of Molecular Synthesis & Drug Discovery, SGPGIMS Campus, Raebareli Road, Lucknow, 226014 Uttar Pradesh, India
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39
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Bukvic A, Burnage AL, Tizzard GJ, Martínez-Martínez AJ, McKay AI, Rees NH, Tegner BE, Krämer T, Fish H, Warren MR, Coles SJ, Macgregor SA, Weller AS. A Series of Crystallographically Characterized Linear and Branched σ-Alkane Complexes of Rhodium: From Propane to 3-Methylpentane. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:5106-5120. [PMID: 33769815 PMCID: PMC8154534 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c00738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Using solid-state molecular organometallic (SMOM) techniques, in particular solid/gas single-crystal to single-crystal reactivity, a series of σ-alkane complexes of the general formula [Rh(Cy2PCH2CH2PCy2)(ηn:ηm-alkane)][BArF4] have been prepared (alkane = propane, 2-methylbutane, hexane, 3-methylpentane; ArF = 3,5-(CF3)2C6H3). These new complexes have been characterized using single crystal X-ray diffraction, solid-state NMR spectroscopy and DFT computational techniques and present a variety of Rh(I)···H-C binding motifs at the metal coordination site: 1,2-η2:η2 (2-methylbutane), 1,3-η2:η2 (propane), 2,4-η2:η2 (hexane), and 1,4-η1:η2 (3-methylpentane). For the linear alkanes propane and hexane, some additional Rh(I)···H-C interactions with the geminal C-H bonds are also evident. The stability of these complexes with respect to alkane loss in the solid state varies with the identity of the alkane: from propane that decomposes rapidly at 295 K to 2-methylbutane that is stable and instead undergoes an acceptorless dehydrogenation to form a bound alkene complex. In each case the alkane sits in a binding pocket defined by the {Rh(Cy2PCH2CH2PCy2)}+ fragment and the surrounding array of [BArF4]- anions. For the propane complex, a small alkane binding energy, driven in part by a lack of stabilizing short contacts with the surrounding anions, correlates with the fleeting stability of this species. 2-Methylbutane forms more short contacts within the binding pocket, and as a result the complex is considerably more stable. However, the complex of the larger 3-methylpentane ligand shows lower stability. Empirically, there therefore appears to be an optimal fit between the size and shape of the alkane and overall stability. Such observations are related to guest/host interactions in solution supramolecular chemistry and the holistic role of 1°, 2°, and 3° environments in metalloenzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander
J. Bukvic
- Department
of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington, York YO10
5DD, U.K.
- Department
of Chemistry, Chemistry Research Laboratories, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3TA, U.K.
| | - Arron L. Burnage
- Institute
of Chemical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS. U.K.
| | - Graham J. Tizzard
- UK
National Crystallography Service, University
of Southampton, Highfield, Southampton SO17 1BJ, U.K.
| | | | - Alasdair I. McKay
- Department
of Chemistry, Chemistry Research Laboratories, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3TA, U.K.
| | - Nicholas H. Rees
- Department
of Chemistry, Chemistry Research Laboratories, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3TA, U.K.
| | - Bengt E. Tegner
- Institute
of Chemical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS. U.K.
| | - Tobias Krämer
- Institute
of Chemical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS. U.K.
| | - Heather Fish
- Department
of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington, York YO10
5DD, U.K.
| | - Mark R. Warren
- Diamond
Light Source Ltd., Diamond House,
Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot OX11 0DE, U.K.
| | - Simon J. Coles
- UK
National Crystallography Service, University
of Southampton, Highfield, Southampton SO17 1BJ, U.K.
| | - Stuart A. Macgregor
- Institute
of Chemical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS. U.K.
| | - Andrew S. Weller
- Department
of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington, York YO10
5DD, U.K.
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40
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Anderson ME, Marks MB, Cundari TR. Bifunctional activation of methane by bioinspired transition metal complexes. A simple methane protease model. COMPUT THEOR CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.comptc.2021.113180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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41
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Huang Z, Wang Y, Leng X, Huang Z. An Amine-Assisted Ionic Monohydride Mechanism Enables Selective Alkyne cis-Semihydrogenation with Ethanol: From Elementary Steps to Catalysis. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:4824-4836. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c01472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhidao Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yulei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Xuebing Leng
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Zheng Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China
- Chang-Kung Chuang Institute, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China
- School of Chemistry and Material Sciences, Hangzhou Institute of Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1 Sub-lane Xiangshan, Hangzhou 310024, China
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42
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Shada ADR, Miller AJM, Emge TJ, Goldman AS. Catalytic Dehydrogenation of Alkanes by PCP–Pincer Iridium Complexes Using Proton and Electron Acceptors. ACS Catal 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.0c05160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Arun Dixith Reddy Shada
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08903, United States
| | - Alexander J. M. Miller
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3290, United States
| | - Thomas J. Emge
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08903, United States
| | - Alan S. Goldman
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08903, United States
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43
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Farasat Z, Nabavizadeh SM, Niroomand Hosseini F, Hoseini SJ, Abu-Omar MM. Ligand-Controlled C sp2-H versus C sp3-H Bond Formation in Cycloplatinated Complexes: A Joint Experimental and Theoretical Mechanistic Investigation. Inorg Chem 2021; 60:1998-2008. [PMID: 33476136 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.0c03502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The cyclometalated platinum(II) complexes [PtMe(C∧N)(L)] [1PS: C∧N = 2-phenylpyridinate (ppy), L = SMe2; 1BS: C∧N = benzo[h]quinolate (bhq), L = SMe2; 1PP: C∧N = ppy, L = PPh3; and 1BP: C∧N = bhq, L = PPh3] containing two different cyclometalated ligands and two different ancillary ligands have been investigated in the reaction with CX3CO2H (X = F or H). When L = SMe2, the Pt-Me bond rather than the Pt-C bond of the cycloplatinated complex is cleaved to give the complexes [Pt(C∧N)(CX3CO2)(SMe2)]. When L = PPh3, the selectivity of the reaction is reversed. In the reaction of [PtMe(C∧N)(PPh3)] with CF3CO2H, the Pt-C∧N bond is cleaved rather than the Pt-Me bond. The latter reaction gave [PtMe(κ1N-Hppy)(PPh3)(CF3CO2)] as an equilibrium mixture of two isomers. For L = PPh3, no reaction was observed with CH3CO2H. The reasons for this difference in selectivity for complexes 1 are computationally discussed based on the energy barrier needed for the protonolysis of the Pt-Csp3 bond versus the Pt-Csp2 bond. Two pathways including the direct one-step acid attack at the Pt-C bond (SE2) and stepwise oxidative-addition on the Pt(II) center followed by reductive elimination [SE(ox)] are proposed. A detailed density functional theory (DFT) study of these protonations along with experimental UV-vis kinetics suggests that a one-step electrophilic attack (SE2) at the Pt-C bond is the most likely mechanism for complexes 1, and changing the nature of the ancillary ligand can influence the selectivity in the Pt-C bond cleavage. The effect of the nature of the acid and cyclometalated ligand (C∧N) is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Farasat
- Professor Rashidi Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Shiraz University, Shiraz 71467-13565, Iran
| | - S Masoud Nabavizadeh
- Professor Rashidi Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Shiraz University, Shiraz 71467-13565, Iran.,Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | | | - S Jafar Hoseini
- Professor Rashidi Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Shiraz University, Shiraz 71467-13565, Iran
| | - Mahdi M Abu-Omar
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
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44
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Koike T, Kosai T, Iwamoto T. Intermolecular C-H Activation at the Allylic/Benzylic and Homoallylic/Homobenzylic Positions of Cyclic Hydrocarbons by a Stable Divalent Silicon Species. Chemistry 2021; 27:724-734. [PMID: 32931054 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202003541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Revised: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Direct activation of inert C(sp3 )-H bonds by main group element species is yet a formidable challenge. Herein, the dehydrogenation of cyclohexene and 1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalene through the allylic/benzylic and homoallylic/homobenzylic C-H bond activation by cyclic (alkyl)(amino)silylene 1 in neat conditions is reported to yield the corresponding aromatic compounds. As for the reaction of cyclohexene, allylsilane 3 and 7-silanorbornene 4 were also observed, which could be interpreted as a direct dehydrogenative silylation reaction of monoalkenes at the allylic positions. Experimental and computational studies suggest that the dehydrogenation of cyclohexene at the homoallylic position was accomplished by a combination of silylene 1 and radical intermediates such as hydrosilyl radical INT1 or cyclohexenyl radical H, which are generated in the initial step of the reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taichi Koike
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8578, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Kosai
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8578, Japan
| | - Takeaki Iwamoto
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8578, Japan
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45
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Bonciolini S, Di Filippo M, Baumann M. A scalable continuous photochemical process for the generation of aminopropylsulfones. Org Biomol Chem 2020; 18:9428-9432. [PMID: 32969443 DOI: 10.1039/d0ob01801e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
An efficient continuous photochemical process is presented that delivers a series of novel γ-aminopropylsulfones via a tetrabutylammonium decatungstate (TBADT) catalysed HAT-process. Crucial to this success is the exploitation of a new high-power LED emitting at 365 nm that was found to be superior to an alternative medium-pressure Hg lamp. The resulting flow process enabled the scale-up of this transformation reaching throughputs of 20 mmol h-1 at substrate concentrations up to 500 mM. Additionally, the substrate scope of this transformation was evaluated demonstrating the straightforward incorporation of different amine substituents as well as alkyl appendages next to the sulfone moiety. It is anticipated that this methodology will allow for further exploitations of these underrepresented γ-aminopropylsulfone scaffolds in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Bonciolini
- School of Chemistry, University College Dublin, Science Centre South, Belfield, D04 N2E2, Ireland.
| | - Mara Di Filippo
- School of Chemistry, University College Dublin, Science Centre South, Belfield, D04 N2E2, Ireland.
| | - Marcus Baumann
- School of Chemistry, University College Dublin, Science Centre South, Belfield, D04 N2E2, Ireland.
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46
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Kim RS, Nazemi A, Cundari TR, Surendranath Y. A PdIII Sulfate Dimer Initiates Rapid Methane Monofunctionalization by H Atom Abstraction. ACS Catal 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.0c03844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- R. Soyoung Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Azadeh Nazemi
- Department of Chemistry, CASCaM, University of North Texas, Denton, Texas 76203, United States
| | - Thomas R. Cundari
- Department of Chemistry, CASCaM, University of North Texas, Denton, Texas 76203, United States
| | - Yogesh Surendranath
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
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47
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Gunnoe TB, Schinski WL, Jia X, Zhu W. Transition-Metal-Catalyzed Arene Alkylation and Alkenylation: Catalytic Processes for the Generation of Chemical Intermediates. ACS Catal 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.0c03494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- T. Brent Gunnoe
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, United States
| | - William L. Schinski
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, United States
| | - Xiaofan Jia
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, United States
| | - Weihao Zhu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, United States
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48
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Kong F, Gu S, Liu C, Dickie DA, Zhang S, Gunnoe TB. Effects of Additives on Catalytic Arene C–H Activation: Study of Rh Catalysts Supported by Bis-phosphine Pincer Ligands. Organometallics 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.0c00623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Fanji Kong
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, United States
| | - Shunyan Gu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, United States
| | - Chang Liu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, United States
| | - Diane A. Dickie
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, United States
| | - Sen Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, United States
| | - T. Brent Gunnoe
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, United States
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49
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Wei Y, Duan A, Tang PT, Li JW, Peng RM, Zhou ZX, Luo XP, Kurmoo M, Liu YJ, Zeng MH. Remote and Selective C(sp 2)-H Olefination for Sequential Regioselective Linkage of Phenanthrenes. Org Lett 2020; 22:4129-4134. [PMID: 32459099 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.0c01208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Biphenylcarboxylic acid with two competing C(sp2)-H sites was designed for site selective C(sp2)-H functionalization by developing carboxylic acids assisted remote and selective olefination via 7-membered palladacycle. Mechanism investigation and DFT calculations reveal a kinetics-determined process, which could be utilized to explore a variety of remote site selectivity. The practicability of this method was highlighted by the precise construction of phenathrene under sequential site selectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Wei
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Chemical Materials, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for the Synthesis and Application of Organic Functional Molecules and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Abing Duan
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Pan-Ting Tang
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Chemical Materials, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for the Synthesis and Application of Organic Functional Molecules and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Jia-Wei Li
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Chemical Materials, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for the Synthesis and Application of Organic Functional Molecules and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Rou-Ming Peng
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Chemical Materials, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for the Synthesis and Application of Organic Functional Molecules and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Zheng-Xin Zhou
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Chemical Materials, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for the Synthesis and Application of Organic Functional Molecules and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Xiao-Peng Luo
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Chemical Materials, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for the Synthesis and Application of Organic Functional Molecules and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Mohamedally Kurmoo
- Institut de Chimie de Strasbourg, CNRS-UMR7177, Université de Strasbourg, 4 rue Blaise Pascal, Strasbourg 67070, France
| | - Yue-Jin Liu
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Chemical Materials, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for the Synthesis and Application of Organic Functional Molecules and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Ming-Hua Zeng
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Chemical Materials, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for the Synthesis and Application of Organic Functional Molecules and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, China.,Department of Key Laboratory for the Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541004, China
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50
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Li N, Zhu WJ, Huang JJ, Hao XQ, Gong JF, Song MP. Chiral NCN Pincer Iridium(III) Complexes with Bis(imidazolinyl)phenyl Ligands: Synthesis and Application in Enantioselective C–H Functionalization of Indoles with α-Aryl-α-diazoacetates. Organometallics 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.0c00174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nan Li
- College of Chemistry, Henan Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Organic Chemistry, Green Catalysis Center, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wen-Jing Zhu
- College of Chemistry, Henan Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Organic Chemistry, Green Catalysis Center, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, People’s Republic of China
| | - Juan-Juan Huang
- College of Chemistry, Henan Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Organic Chemistry, Green Catalysis Center, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xin-Qi Hao
- College of Chemistry, Henan Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Organic Chemistry, Green Catalysis Center, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jun-Fang Gong
- College of Chemistry, Henan Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Organic Chemistry, Green Catalysis Center, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, People’s Republic of China
| | - Mao-Ping Song
- College of Chemistry, Henan Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Organic Chemistry, Green Catalysis Center, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, People’s Republic of China
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